TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
TCM828
TCM829
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters
FEATURES
■Charge Pump in 5-Pin SOT-23A Package
■>95% Voltage Conversion Efficiency
■Voltage Inversion and/or Doubling
■Low 50µA (TCM828) Quiescent Current
■Operates from +1.5V to +5.5V
■Up to 25mA Output Current
■Only Two External Capacitors Required
APPLICATIONS
■LCD Panel Bias
■Cellular Phones
■Pagers
■PDAs, Portable Dataloggers
■Battery-Powered Devices
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The TCM828/829 are CMOS “charge-pump” voltage
converters in ultra-small 5-Pin SOT-23A packages. They
invert and/or double an input voltage which can range from
+1.5V to +5.5V. Conversion efficiency is typically >95%.
Switching frequency is 12kHz for the TCM828 and 35kHz for
the TCM829.
External component requirement is only two capacitors
(3.3µF nominal) for standard voltage inverter applications.
With a few additional components a positive doubler can
also be built. All other circuitry, including control, oscillator,
power MOSFETs are integrated on-chip. Supply current
is 50µA (TCM828) and 115µA (TCM829).
The TCM828 and TCM829 are available in a 5-Pin
SOT-23A surface mount package.
TYPICAL OPERATING CIRCUIT
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part No. Package Temp. Range
T
CM828ECT 5-Pin SOT-23A – 40°C to +85°C
T
CM829ECT 5-Pin SOT-23A – 40°C to +85°C
NOTE: 5-Pin SOT-23A is equivalent to EIAJ SC-74A.
PIN CONFIGURATION
TCM828
TCM829
V
IN
V
–
OUTPUT
C
+
C
–
C
1
C
2
INPUT
GND
OUT
C+
C–
OUT
TCM828ECT
TCM829ECT
1
2
3
5
GND
VIN
4
*5-Pin SOT-23A
NOTE: *5-Pin SOT-23A is equivalent to EIAJ SC-74A
Voltage Inverter
2
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
Switched Capacitor
Voltage Converters
TCM828
TCM829
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Input Voltage (VIN to GND)......................... +6.0V, – 0.3V
Output Voltage (OUT to GND) .................... –6.0V, + 0.3V
Current at OUT Pin ..................................................50mA
Short-Circuit Duration – OUT to GND ................ Indefinite
Operating Temperature Range ...............– 40°C to +85°C
Power Dissipation (TA ≤ 70°C)
5-Pin SOT-23A ...............................................240mW
Storage Temperature (Unbiased) .........– 65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) .................+300°C
*This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these
or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections
of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
T
A
= 0°C to +85°C, V
IN
= +5V, C1 = C2 = 10µF (TCM828), C1 = C2 = 3.3µF
(TCM829), unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T
A
= +25°C.
Symbol Parameter Device Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
IDD Supply Current TCM828 TA = +25°C — 50 90 µA
TCM829 — 115 260
V+Minimum Supply RLOAD = 10kΩ: TA = 0°C to +85°C 1.5 — — V
Voltage
V+Maximum Supply RLOAD = 10kΩ— — 5.5 V
Voltage
FOSC Oscillator Frequency TCM828 TA = +25°C 8.4 12 15.6 kHz
TCM829 24.5 35 45.5
PEFF Power Efficiency ILOAD = 3mA, TA = +25°C—96—%
VEFF Voltage Conversion RLOAD = ∞95 99.9 — %
Efficiency
ROUT Output Resistance IOUT = 5mA, TA = 25°C — 25 50 Ω
TA = 0°C to +85°C——65
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
T
A
= – 40°C to +85°C, V
IN
= +5V, C1 = C2 = 10µF (TCM828), C1 = C2 = 3.3µF
(TCM829) unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at T
A
= +25°C. (Note 2)
Symbol Parameter Device Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
IDD Supply Current TCM828 — — 115 µA
TCM829 — — 325
V+Supply Voltage Range RLOAD = 10kΩ1.5 — 5.5 V
FOSC Oscillator Frequency TCM828 6 — 20 kHz
TCM829 19 — 54.3
ROUT Output Resistance IOUT = 5mA — — 65 Ω
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin No.
(5-Pin SOT-23A) Symbol Description
1 OUT Inverting charge pump output.
2V
IN Positive power supply input.
3C
–
1Commutation capacitor negative terminal.
4 GND Ground.
5C
1
+Commutation capacitor positive terminal.
NOTE: 1. Capacitor contribution is approximately 20% of the output impedance [ESR = 1 / pump frequency x capacitance)].
NOTE: 2. All – 40°C to +85°C specifications above are guaranteed by design.
3TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
TCM828
TCM829
Switched Capacitor
Voltage Converters
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The TCM828/829 charge pump converters invert the
voltage applied to the VIN pin. Conversion consists of a two-
phase operation (Figure 1). During the first phase, switches
S2 and S4 are open and S1 and S3 are closed. During this
time, C1 charges to the voltage on VIN and load current is
supplied from C2. During the second phase, S2 and S4 are
closed, and S1 and S3 are open. This action connects C1
across C2, restoring charge to C2.
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Output Voltage Considerations
The TCM828/829 perform voltage conversion but do
not provide
regulation
. The output voltage will droop in a
linear manner with respect to load current. The value of this
equivalent output resistance is approximately 25Ω nominal
at +25°C and VIN = +5V. VOUT is approximately – 5V at light
loads, and droops according to the equation below:
VDROOP = IOUT x ROUT
VOUT = – (VIN – VDROOP)
Charge Pump Efficiency
The overall power efficiency of the charge pump is
affected by four factors:
(1) Losses from power consumed by the internal oscil-
lator, switch drive, etc. (which vary with input volt-
age, temperature and oscillator frequency).
(2) I2R losses due to the on-resistance of the MOSFET
switches on-board the charge pump.
(3) Charge pump capacitor losses due to effective
series resistance (ESR).
Figure 1. Ideal Switched Capacitor Charge Pump
(4) Losses that occur during charge transfer (from the
commutation capacitor to the output capacitor)
when a voltage difference between the two capaci-
tors exists.
Most of the conversion losses are due to factors (2), (3)
and (4) above. These losses are given by Equation 1.
PLOSS (2, 3, 4) = IOUT2 x ROUT
≅ I
OUT2
x [ 1 +8R
SWITCH
+ 4ESR
C1
+ ESR
C2
]
(f
OSC
) C1
The 1/(fOSC)(C1) term in Equation 1 is the effective
output resistance of an ideal switched capacitor circuit
(Figures 2a, 2b).
The losses in the circuit due to factor (4) above
are also shown in Equation 2. The output voltage ripple is
given by Equation 3.
P
LOSS (4)
= [(0.5)(C1)(V
IN2
– V
OUT2
) + (0.5)(C2)(V
RIPPLE2
– 2VOUTVRIPPLE)] x fOSC
VRIPPLE = IOUT +2(IOUT)(ESRC2)
(fOSC)(C2)
Figure 2a. Ideal Switched Capacitor Model
Figure 2b. Equivalent Output Resistance
V
OUT
= –
(V
IN
)
C1
C2
TCM828/829
IN S1
S3 S4
S2
V
+
V
OUT
R
L
C1 C2
f
V+VOUT
REQUIV
REQUIV =
RL
C2
f x C1
1
Equation 2.
Equation 1.
Equation 3.
4
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
Switched Capacitor
Voltage Converters
TCM828
TCM829
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
Capacitor Selection
In order to maintain the lowest output resistance and
output ripple voltage, it is recommended that low ESR
capacitors be used. Additionally, larger values of C1 will
lower the output resistance and larger values of C2 will
reduce output ripple. (See Equation 1(b)).
Table 1 shows various values of C1 and the correspond-
ing output resistance values @ +25°C. It assumes a 0.1Ω
ESRC1 and 2Ω RSW. Table 2 shows the output voltage ripple
for various values of C2. The VRIPPLE values assume 10mA
output load current and 0.1Ω ESRC2.
Table 1. Output Resistance vs. C1 (ESR = 0.1Ω)
C1(µF) TCM828 ROUT (Ω)
TCM829 ROUT (
Ω
)
0.1 850 302
1 100 45
3.3 42 25
10 25 19
47 18 17
100 17 17
Table 2. Output Voltage Ripple vs. C2 (ESR = 0.1
Ω
) IOUT 10mA
C2(µF) TCM828 VRIPPLE (mV) TCM829 VRIPPLE (mV)
1 835 286
3.3 254 88
10 85 31
47 20 8
100 10 5
Input Supply Bypassing
The VIN input should be capacitively bypassed to reduce
AC impedance and minimize noise effects due to the switch-
ing internal to the device. The recommended capacitor
depends on the configuration of the TCM828/829.
If the device is loaded from OUT to GND it is recom-
mended that a large value capacitor (at least equal to C1) be
connected from the input to GND. If the device is loaded
from IN to OUT a small (0.1µF) capacitor from IN to OUT is
sufficient.
Voltage Inverter
The most common application for charge pump devices
is the inverter (Figure 3). This application uses two external
capacitors – C1 and C2 (plus a power supply bypass
capacitor, if necessary). The output is equal to V–
IN plus any
voltage drops due to loading. Refer to Table 1 and Table 2
for capacitor selection.
Cascading Devices
Two or more TCM828/829’s can be cascaded to
increase output voltage (Figure 4). If the output is lightly
loaded, it will be close to (– 2 x VIN) but will droop at least by
ROUT of the first device multiplied by the IQ of the second. It
can be seen that the output resistance rises rapidly for
multiple cascaded devices. For large negative voltage
requirements see the TC682 or TCM680 data sheets.
Paralleling Devices
To reduce the value of ROUT, multiple TCM828/829s
can be connected in parallel (Figure 5). The output resis-
tance will be reduced by a factor of N where N is the number
of TCM828/829’s. Each device will require it’s own pump
capacitor (C1), but all devices may share one reservoir
capacitor (C2). However, to preserve ripple performance the
value of C2 should be scaled according to the number of
paralleled TCM828/829’s.
Figure 3.
Test Circuit
C1 C1
C2
55
4
3
4
1
22
1
3
C2
V
IN
V
OUT
V
OUT = –n
V
IN
+
TCM828
TCM829
"1"
TCM828
TCM829
"n"
. . .
. . .
Figure 4.
Cascading TCM828s or TCM829s to Increase Output Voltage
3
2
4
5
1
C3
3.3µF*
C1
3.3µF*
C2
3.3µF*
VIN
VOUT
RL
TCM828
TCM829
C1–
IN
OUT C1+
GND
Voltage Inverter
*10µF (TCM828)
5TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
TCM828
TCM829
Switched Capacitor
Voltage Converters
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
Diode Protection for Heavy Loads
When heavy loads require the OUT pin to sink large
currents being delivered by a positive source, diode protec-
tion may be needed. The OUT pin should not be allowed to
be pulled above ground. This is accomplished by connect-
ing a Schottky diode (1N5817) as shown in Figure 7.
Layout Considerations
As with any switching power supply circuit good layout
practice is recommended. Mount components as close
together as possible to minimize stray inductance and
capacitance. Also use a large ground plane to minimize
noise leakage into other circuitry.
Voltage Doubler/Inverter
Another common application of the TCM828/829 is
shown in Figure 6. This circuit performs two functions in
combination. C1 and C2 form the standard inverter circuit
described above. C3 and C4 plus the two diodes form the
voltage doubler circuit. C1 and C3 are the pump capacitors
and C2 and C4 are the reservoir capacitors. Because both
sub-circuits rely on the same switches if either output is
loaded, both will droop toward GND. Make sure that the total
current drawn from both the outputs does not total more
than 40mA.
Figure 6. Combined Doubler and Inverter
Figure 7. High V– Load Current
C1
D1
D2
D1, D2 = 1N4148
5
4
1
2
3
C2
C4
C3
VIN
+
VOUT = VIN
–
VOUT = (2VIN) –
(VFD1) – (VFD2)
TCM828
TCM829
TCM828
TCM829
GND
OUT
4
1
Figure 5. Paralleling TCM828s or TCM829s to Reduce Output Resistance
C1 C1
55
4
3
4
1
22
1
3
C2
V
OUT
V
OUT =
V
IN
ROUT
=
ROUT OF SINGLE DEVICE
V
IN
+NUMBER OF DEVICES
–
TCM828
TCM829
"1"
TCM828
TCM829
"n"
. . .
. . .
. . .
6
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
Switched Capacitor
Voltage Converters
TCM828
TCM829
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Circuit of Figure 3, VIN = +5V, C1 = C2 = C3, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.
60
50
40
30
20
0
10
1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Output Resistance
vs. Supply Voltage
70
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω)
40
35
30
25
20
5
0
15
10
010 20 30 40
CAPACITANCE (µF)
TCM828
Output Current vs. Capacitance
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
70
60
50
40
30
0
20
10
–40°C0°C25°C85°C
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Output Resistance
vs. Temperature
80
OUTPUT RESISTANCE (Ω)
V
IN
= 1.5V
V
IN
= 4.75V, V
OUT
= – 4.0V
V
IN
= 3.15V, V
OUT
= – 2.5V
V
IN
= 1.9V, V
OUT
= –1.5V
V
IN
= 3.3V
V
IN
= 5.0V
35
30
25
20
5
0
15
10
010
515 20 25 3530
CAPACITANCE
(µF)
TCM829
Output Current vs. Capacitance
40
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
010
51520
30 35
CAPACITANCE (µF)
TCM829
Output Voltage Ripple vs. Capacitance
450 300
250
200
150
100
50
0
400
350
300
250
50
0
200
150
100
010525
20 25 30 35
CAPACITANCE (µF)
TCM828
Output Voltage Ripple vs. Capacitance
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE (mVp-p)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE (mVp-p)
14
12
10
8
2
0
6
4
–40 0°C25°C85°C–40°C0°C25°C85°C
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TCM828
Pump Frequency vs. Temperature
PUMP FREQUENCY (kHz)
100
80
60
40
20
01.5 2.5 32 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Supply Current
vs. Supply Voltage
120
SUPPLY CURRENT (
µA)
TCM829
TCM828
40
30
35
20
15
25
0
10
5
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TCM829
Pump Frequency vs. Temperature
45
PUMP FREQUENCY (kHz)
TCM829
TCM828
V
IN
= 4.75V, V
–
= – 4.0V
V
IN
= 1.9V, V
OUT
= – 1.5V
V
IN
= 3.15V, V
–
= – 2.5V
V
IN
= 4.75V, V
OUT
= – 4.0V
V
IN
= 3.15V, V
OUT
= – 2.5V
V
IN
= 1.9V, V
OUT
= – 1.5V
V
IN
= 4.75V, V
OUT
= – 4.0V
V
IN
= 3.15V, V
OUT
= – 2.5V
V
IN
= 1.9V, V
OUT
= – 1.5V
V
IN
= 5.0V V
IN
= 5.0V
V
IN
= 3.3V V
IN
= 3.3V
V
IN
= 1.5V V
IN
= 1.5V
7TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
TCM828
TCM829
Switched Capacitor
Voltage Converters
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Cont.)
Circuit of Figure 3, VIN = +5V, C1 = C2 = C3, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.
100
80
60
40 010 20 30 40 50
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
Efficiency vs. Output Current
EFFICIENCY (%)
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6020
30
10 40 50
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
Output Voltage
vs. Output Current
0
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (
V)
VIN = 2.0V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN = 5.0V
VIN = 5.0V
VIN = 3.3V
VIN =1.5V
5-PIN SOT-23A
MARKING Part Numbers and Part Marking
&
= part number code + temperature range
(two-digit code).
TCM828/829 Code
TCM828ECT CA
TCM829ECT CB
ex: TCM828ECT =
represents year and quarter code
represents lot ID number
CA
8
TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
Switched Capacitor
Voltage Converters
TCM828
TCM829
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
Dimensions: inches (mm)
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TAPING FORM
User Direction of Feed User Direction of Feed
Device
Marking
Component Taping Orientation for 5-Pin SOT-23A (EIAJ SC-74A) Devices
Device
Marking
PIN 1
PIN 1
Standard Reel Component Orientation
TR Suffix Device
(Mark Right Side Up)
Reverse Reel Component Orientation
RT Suffix Device
(Mark Upside Down)
W
P
Package Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size
5-Pin SOT-23A 8 mm 4 mm 3000 7 in
Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size
5-Pin SOT-23A (EIAJ SC-74A)
.071 (1.80)
.059 (1.50)
.122 (3.10)
.098 (2.50)
.075 (1.90)
REF.
.020 (0.50)
.012 (0.30)
PIN 1 .037 (0.95)
REF.
.122 (3.10)
.106 (2.70)
.057 (1.45)
.035 (0.90)
.006 (0.15)
.000 (0.00) .024 (0.60)
.004 (0.10)
10° MAX. .010 (0.25)
.004 (0.09)
9TCM828/829-4 5/22/00
TCM828
TCM829
Switched Capacitor
Voltage Converters
© 2001 Microchip Technology Inc. DS21488A
Information contained in this publication regarding device applications and the like is intended through suggestion only and may be superseded by
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assumed by M icrochip Te chnolog y Incor porate d with respe ct to the a ccuracy or u se of such in format ion, o r infrin gemen t of patents or ot her int ell ec tua l
property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchipí s products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized ex ce pt wi th
express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, except as maybe explicitly expressed herein, under any intellec-
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reserved. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective companies.
All rights reserved. © 2001 Microchip Technology Incorporated. Printed in the USA. 1/01 Printed on recycled paper.
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Tel: 61-2-9868-6733 Fax: 61-2-9868- 6755
Denmark
Microchip Technology Denmark ApS
Regus Business Centre
Lautrup hoj 1-3
Ballerup DK-2750 Denmark
Tel: 45 4420 9895 Fax: 45 4420 9910
France
Arizona Microchip Technology SARL
Parc díActivite du Moulin de Massy
43 Rue du Saule Trapu
Batiment A - ler Etage
91300 Massy, France
Tel: 33-1-69-53-63-20 Fax: 33-1-69-30-90-79
Germany
Arizona Microchip Technology GmbH
Gustav-Heinemann Ring 125
D-81739 Munich, Germany
Tel: 49-89-627-144 0 Fax: 49-89-627-144-44
Germany
Analog Product Sales
Lochhamer Strasse 13
D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
Tel: 49-89-895650-0 Fax: 49-89-895650-22
Italy
Arizona Microchip Technology SRL
Centro Direzionale Colleoni
Palazzo Taurus 1 V. Le Colleoni 1
20041 Agrate Brianza
Milan, Italy
Tel: 39-039-65791-1 Fax: 39-039-6899883
United Kingdom
Arizona Microchip Technology Ltd.
505 Eskdale Road
Winnersh Triangle
Wokingham
Berksh ire, Engla nd RG41 5TU
Tel: 44 118 921 5869 Fax: 44-118 921-5820
01/09/01
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