This is information on a product in full production.
May 2012 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 1/30
30
L78MxxC
Positive voltage regulators
Datasheet − production data
Features
■Output current to 0.5 A
■Output voltages of 5; 6; 8; 9; 12; 15; 24 V
■Thermal overload protection
■Short circuit protection
■Output transition SOA protection
Description
The L78MxxC series of three-terminal positive
regulators is available in TO-220, TO-220FP,
DPAK and IPAK packages and with several fixed
output voltages, making it useful in a wide range
of applications. These regulators can provide
local on-card regulation, eliminating the
distribution problems associated with single point
regulation. Each type employs internal current
limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area
protection, making it essentially indestructible. If
adequate heat sinking is provided, they can
deliver over 0.5 A output current. Although
designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators,
these devices can be used with external
components to obtain adjustable voltage and
currents.
TO-220FP
DPAK
TO-220
IPAK
Table 1. Device summary
Part numbers
Order codes Output
voltages
TO-220 TO-220 (1) TO-220FP DPAK IPAK
L78M05C L78M05CV L78M05CV-DG L78M05CP L78M05CDT-TR L78M05CDT-1 5 V
L78M06C L78M06CDT-TR L78M06CDT-1 (2) 6 V
L78M08C L78M08CV L78M08CV-DG L78M08CDT-TR L78M08CDT-1 (2) 8 V
L78M09C L78M09CV L78M09CV-DG L78M09CDT-TR L78M09CDT-1 (2) 9 V
L78M12C L78M12CV L78M12CV-DG L78M12CDT-TR 12 V
L78M15C L78M15CV L78M15CV-DG L78M15CDT-TR 15 V
L78M24C L78M24CV L78M24CV-DG L78M24CP (2) L78M24CDT-TR L78M24CDT-1 (2) 24 V
1. TO-220 Dual Gauge frame
2. Available on request
www.st.com
Contents L78MxxC
2/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Contents
1 Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Test circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6 Typical performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7 Package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
L78MxxC Diagram
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 3/30
1 Diagram
Figure 1. Block diagram
Pin configuration L78MxxC
4/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
2 Pin configuration
Figure 2. Pin connections (top view)
TO220FP
IPAK
TO-220
DPAK
Figure 3. Schematic diagram
L78MxxC Maximum ratings
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 5/30
3 Maximum ratings
Note: Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Functional operation under these condition is not implied.
Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VIDC input voltage for VO = 5 to 18 V 35 V
for VO = 20, 24 V 40
IOOutput current Internally limited mA
PDPower dissipation Internally limited mW
TSTG Storage temperature range - 65 to 150 °C
TOP Operating junction temperature range 0 to 150 °C
Table 3. Thermal data
Symbol Parameter TO-220 TO-220FP DPAK IPAK Unit
RthJC Thermal resistance junction-case 5 5 8 °C/W
RthJA Thermal resistance junction-ambient 50 60 100 °C/W
Figure 4. Application circuit
Test circuits L78MxxC
6/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
4 Test circuits
Figure 5. DC parameter
Figure 6. Load regulation
Figure 7. Ripple rejection
L78MxxC Electrical characteristics
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 7/30
5 Electrical characteristics
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 10 V, IO = 350 mA, CI = 0.33 µF, CO = 0.1 µF unless
otherwise specified.
Table 4. Electrical characteristics of L78M05C
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VOOutput voltage 4.8 5 5.2 V
VOOutput voltage IO = 5 to 350 mA, VI = 7 to 20 V 4.75 5 5.25 V
ΔVOLine regulation VI = 7 to 25 V, IO = 200 mA 100 mV
VI = 8 to 25 V, IO = 200 mA 50
ΔVOLoad regulation IO = 5 to 500 mA, TJ = 25 °C 100 mV
IO = 5 to 200 mA, TJ = 25 °C 50
IdQuiescent current 6 mA
ΔIdQuiescent current change IO = 5 to 350 mA 0.5 mA
IO = 200 mA, VI = 8 to 25 V 0.8
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 to 125 °C -0.5 mV/°C
SVR Supply voltage rejection VI = 8 to 18 V, f = 120 Hz, IO = 300 mA 62 dB
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 40 µV
VdDropout voltage 2 V
Isc Short circuit current VI = 35 V 300 mA
Electrical characteristics L78MxxC
8/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 11 V, IO = 350 mA, CI = 0.33 µF, CO = 0.1 µF unless
otherwise specified.
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 14 V, IO = 350 mA, CI = 0.33 µF, CO = 0.1 µF unless
otherwise specified.
Table 5. Electrical characteristics of L78M06C
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VOOutput voltage 5.75 6 6.25 V
VOOutput voltage IO = 5 to 350 mA, VI = 8 to 21 V 5.7 6 6.3 V
ΔVOLine regulation VI = 8 to 25 V, IO = 200 mA 100 mV
VI = 9 to 25 V, IO = 200 mA 50
ΔVOLoad regulation IO = 5 to 500 mA, TJ = 25 °C 120 mV
IO = 5 to 200 mA, TJ = 25 °C 60
IdQuiescent current 6 mA
ΔIdQuiescent current change IO = 5 to 350 mA 0.5 mA
IO = 200 mA, VI = 9 to 25 V 0.8
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 to 125 °C -0.5 mV/°C
SVR Supply voltage rejection VI = 9 to 19 V, f = 120 Hz, IO = 300 mA 59 dB
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 45 µV
VdDropout voltage 2 V
Isc Short circuit current VI = 35 V 270 mA
Table 6. Electrical characteristics of L78M08C
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VOOutput voltage 7.7 8 8.3 V
VOOutput voltage IO = 5 to 350 mA, VI = 10.5 to 23 V 7.6 8 8.4 V
ΔVOLine regulation VI = 10.5 to 25 V, IO = 200 mA 100 mV
VI = 11 to 25 V, IO = 200 mA 50
ΔVOLoad regulation IO = 5 to 500 mA, TJ = 25 °C 160 mV
IO = 5 to 200 mA, TJ = 25 °C 80
IdQuiescent current 6 mA
ΔIdQuiescent current change IO = 5 to 350 mA 0.5 mA
IO = 200 mA, VI = 10.5 to 25 V 0.8
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 to 125 °C -0.5 mV/°C
SVR Supply voltage rejection VI = 11.5 to 21.5 V, f = 120 Hz,
IO = 300 mA 56 dB
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 52 µV
VdDropout voltage 2 V
Isc Short circuit current VI = 35 V 250 mA
L78MxxC Electrical characteristics
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 9/30
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 15 V, IO = 350 mA, CI = 0.33 µF, CO = 0.1 µF unless
otherwise specified.
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 19 V, IO = 350 mA, CI = 0.33 µF, CO = 0.1 µF unless
otherwise specified.
Table 7. Electrical characteristics of L78M09C
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VOOutput voltage 8.65 9 9.35 V
VOOutput voltage IO = 5 to 350 mA, VI = 11.5 to 24 V 8.55 9 9.45 V
ΔVOLine regulation VI = 11.5 to 25 V, IO = 200 mA 100 mV
VI = 12 to 25 V, IO = 200 mA 50
ΔVOLoad regulation IO = 5 to 500 mA, TJ = 25 °C 180 mV
IO = 5 to 200 mA, TJ = 25 °C 90
IdQuiescent current 6 mA
ΔIdQuiescent current change IO = 5 to 350 mA 0.5 mA
IO = 200 mA, VI = 11.5 to 25 V 0.8
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 to 125 °C -0.5 mV/°C
SVR Supply voltage rejection VI = 12.5 to 23 V, f = 120 Hz,
IO = 300 mA 56 dB
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 58 µV
VdDropout voltage 2 V
Isc Short circuit current VI = 35 V 250 mA
Table 8. Electrical characteristics of L78M12C
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VOOutput voltage 11.5 12 12.5 V
VOOutput voltage IO = 5 to 350 mA, VI = 14.5 to 27 V 11.4 12 12.6 V
ΔVOLine regulation VI = 14.5 to 30 V, IO = 200 mA 100 mV
VI = 16 to 30 V, IO = 200 mA 50
ΔVOLoad regulation IO = 5 to 500 mA, TJ = 25 °C 240 mV
IO = 5 to 200 mA, TJ = 25 °C 120
IdQuiescent current 6 mA
ΔIdQuiescent current change IO = 5 to 350 mA 0.5 mA
IO = 200 mA, VI = 14.5 to 30 V 0.8
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 to 125 °C -1 mV/°C
SVR Supply voltage rejection VI = 15 to 25 V, f = 120 Hz, IO = 300 mA 55 dB
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 75 µV
VdDropout voltage 2 V
Isc Short circuit current VI = 35 V 240 mA
Electrical characteristics L78MxxC
10/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 23 V, IO = 350 mA, CI = 0.33 µF, CO = 0.1 µF unless
otherwise specified.
Refer to the test circuits, TJ = 25 °C, VI = 23 V, IO = 350 mA, CI = 0.33 µF, CO = 0.1 µF unless
otherwise specified.
Table 9. Electrical characteristics of L78M15C
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VOOutput voltage 14.4 15 15.6 V
VOOutput voltage IO = 5 to 350 mA, VI = 17.5 to 30 V 14.25 15 15.75 V
ΔVOLine regulation VI = 17.5 to 30 V, IO = 200 mA 100 mV
VI = 20 to 30 V, IO = 200 mA 50
ΔVOLoad regulation IO = 5 to 500 mA, TJ = 25 °C 300 mV
IO = 5 to 200 mA, TJ = 25 °C 150
IdQuiescent current 6 mA
ΔIdQuiescent current change IO = 5 to 350 mA 0.5 mA
IO = 200 mA, VI = 17.5 to 30 V 0.8
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 to 125 °C -1 mV/°C
SVR Supply voltage rejection VI = 18.5 to 28.5 V, f = 120 Hz,
IO = 300 mA 54 dB
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 90 µV
VdDropout voltage 2 V
Isc Short circuit current VI = 35 V 240 mA
Table 10. Electrical characteristics of L78M24C
Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VOOutput voltage 23 24 25 V
VOOutput voltage IO = 5 to 350 mA, VI = 27 to 38 V 22.8 24 25.2 V
ΔVOLine regulation VI = 27 to 38 V, IO = 200 mA 100 mV
VI = 28 to 38 V, IO = 200 mA 50
ΔVOLoad regulation IO = 5 to 500 mA, TJ = 25 °C 480 mV
IO = 5 to 200 mA, TJ = 25 °C 240
IdQuiescent current 6 mA
ΔIdQuiescent current change IO = 5 to 350 mA 0.5 mA
IO = 200 mA, VI = 27 to 38 V 0.8
ΔVO/ΔT Output voltage drift IO = 5 mA, TJ = 0 to 125 °C -1.2 mV/°C
SVR Supply voltage rejection VI = 28 to 38 V, f = 120 Hz, IO = 300 mA 50 dB
eN Output noise voltage B = 10 Hz to 100 kHz 170 µV
VdDropout voltage 2 V
Isc Short circuit current VI = 35 V 240 mA
L78MxxC Typical performance
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 11/30
6 Typical performance
Figure 8. Dropout voltage vs. junction temp. Figure 9. Dropout characteristics
Figure 10. Peak output current vs. input-
output differential voltage
Figure 11. Output voltage vs. junction
temperature
Figure 12. Supply voltage rejection vs.
frequency
Figure 13. Quiescent current vs. junction
temperature
Typical performance L78MxxC
12/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
1. To specify an output voltage, substitute voltage value for "XX".
2. Although no output capacitor is need for stability, it does improve transient response.
3. Required if regulator is locate an appreciable distance from power supply filter.
Figure 14. Load transient response Figure 15. Line transient response
Figure 16. Quiescent current vs. input voltage
Figure 17. Fixed output regulator
L78MxxC Typical performance
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 13/30
Figure 18. Constant current regulator
IO = VXX/R1+Id
Figure 19. Circuit for increasing output voltage
IR1 ≥ 5 Id
VO = VXX(1+R2/R1)+IdR2
Figure 20. Adjustable output regulator (7 to 30 V)
Typical performance L78MxxC
14/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Figure 21. 0.5 to 10 V regulator
VO=VXXR4/R1
Figure 22. High current voltage regulator
IO = IREG + Q1 (IREG ______)
VBEQ1
R1
R1 = ______________
VBEQ1
IREQ-(IQ1/bQ1)
Figure 23. High output current with short circuit protection
RSC=VBEQ2/ISC
L78MxxC Typical performance
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 15/30
Figure 24. Tracking voltage regulator
Figure 25. High input voltage circuit
VIN = VI - (VZ + VBE)
Figure 26. Reducing power dissipation with dropping resistor
R = ____________________
VI(min)-VXX-VDROP(max)
IO(max)+Id(max)
Typical performance L78MxxC
16/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Note: The circuit performs well up to 100 kHz.
Note: Q2 is connected as a diode in order to compensate the variation of the Q1 VBE with the
temperature. C allows a slow rise time of the VO.
Figure 27. Power AM modulator (unity voltage gain, IO ≤ 0.5)
Figure 28. Adjustable output voltage with temperature compensation
VO = VXX (1+R2/R1) + VBE
L78MxxC Package mechanical data
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 17/30
7 Package mechanical data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK
is an ST trademark.
In spite of some difference in tolerances, the packages are compatible.
Table 11. TO-220 mechanical data
Dim.
Type STD - ST Dual Gauge Type STD - ST Single Gauge
mm. mm.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 4.40 4.60 4.40 4.60
b 0.61 0.88 0.61 0.88
b1 1.14 1.70 1.14 1.70
c 0.48 0.70 0.48 0.70
D 15.25 15.75 15.25 15.75
D1 1.27
E 10.00 10.40 10.00 10.40
e 2.40 2.70 2.40 2.70
e1 4.95 5.15 4.95 5.15
F 1.23 1.32 0.51 0.60
H1 6.20 6.60 6.20 6.60
J1 2.40 2.72 2.40 2.72
L 13.00 14.00 13.00 14.00
L1 3.50 3.93 3.50 3.93
L20 16.40 16.40
L30 28.90 28.90
∅P 3.75 3.85 3.75 3.85
Q 2.65 2.95 2.65 2.95
Package mechanical data L78MxxC
18/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Note: 1 Maximum resin gate protrusion: 0.5 mm.
2 Resin gate position is accepted in each of the two positions shown on the drawing, or their
symmetrical.
Figure 29. Drawing dimension TO-220 (type STD-ST Dual Gauge)
0015988_S
L78MxxC Package mechanical data
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 19/30
Figure 30. Drawing dimension TO-220 (type STD-ST Single Gauge)
8174627_B
Package mechanical data L78MxxC
20/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Figure 31. Drawing dimension tube for TO-220 Dual Gauge (mm.)
Figure 32. Drawing dimension tube for TO-220 Single Gauge (mm.)
L78MxxC Package mechanical data
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 21/30
Dim. mm. inch.
Min. Typ Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 4.40 4.60 0.1730.181
B 2.5 2.7 0.098 0.106
D 2.5 2.75 0.098 0.108
E 0.45 0.70 0.017 0.027
F 0.75 1 0.0300.039
F1 1.15 1.50 0.045 0.059
F2 1.15 1.50 0.045 0.059
G4.95 5.2 0.194 0.204
G1 2.4 2.7 0.094 0.106
H 10.0 10.40 0.393 0.409
L2 16 0.630
L328.6 30.6 1.126 1.204
L4 9.810.6 0.3850.417
L5 2.93.6 0.114 0.142
L6 15.916.4 0.626 0.645
L7 99.30.354 0.366
DIA. 33.2 0.1180.126
TO-220FP mechanical data
7012510A-
H
Package mechanical data L78MxxC
22/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Note: 1 Max resin gate protrusion: 0.5 mm.
2 Max resin protrusion: 0.25 mm.
Figure 33. Drawing dimension DPAK (type STD-ST)
0068772/G
L78MxxC Package mechanical data
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 23/30
Figure 34. Drawing dimension DPAK (type FUJITSU-subcon.)
0068772/G
Package mechanical data L78MxxC
24/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Figure 35. Drawing dimension DPAK (type IDS-subcon.)
0068772/G
L78MxxC Package mechanical data
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 25/30
Note: The DPAK package coming from the two subcontractors (Fujitsu and IDS) are fully
compatible with the ST's package suggested footprint.
Table 12. DPAK mechanical data
Dim.
Type STD-ST Type FUJITSU-Subcon. Type IDS-Subcon
mm. mm. mm.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 2.20 2.40 2.25 2.30 2.35 2.19 2.38
A1 0.90 1.10 0.96 1.06 0.89 1.14
A2 0.03 0.23 0 0.10 0.03 0.23
b 0.64 0.90 0.76 0.86 0.64 0.88
b4 5.20 5.40 5.28 5.38 5.21 5.46
c 0.45 0.60 0.46 0.56 0.46 0.58
c2 0.48 0.60 0.46 0.56 0.46 0.58
D 6.00 6.20 6.05 6.15 5.97 6.22
D1 5.10 5.27 5.47 5.20
E 6.40 6.60 6.55 6.60 6.65 6.35 6.73
E1 4.70 4.77 4.70
e 2.28 2.23 2.28 2.33 2.28
e1 4.40 4.60 4.51 4.61
H 9.35 10.10 9.90 10.30 9.40 10.42
L 1.00 1.40 1.60 0.90
L1 2.80 2.50 2.65
L2 0.80 1.03 1.13 0.89 1.27
L4 0.60 1.00 0.70 0.90 0.64 1.02
R 0.20 0.40 0.20
V2 0° 8° 0° 8° 0° 8°
Package mechanical data L78MxxC
26/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Figure 36. DPAK footprint recommended data
Table 13. Footprint data
Values
Dim. mm. inch.
A 6.70 0.264
B6.700.64
C1.80.070
D3.00.118
E 1.60 0.063
F 2.30 0.091
G 2.30 0.091
L78MxxC Package mechanical data
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 27/30
Dim.
mm. inch.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 2.2 2.4 0.086 0.094
A1 0.91.1 0.035 0.043
B 0.64 0.90.025 0.035
B2 5.2 5.4 0.204 0.212
B30.95 0.037
B5 0.30.012
B6 0.95 0.037
C 0.45 0.6 0.017 0.023
C2 0.480.6 0.0190.023
D 6 6.2 0.236 0.244
E 6.4 6.6 0.252 0.260
G 4.4 4.6 0.1730.181
H 15.916.30.626 0.641
L99.4 0.354 0.370
L1 0.81.2 0.031 0.047
L2 0.81 0.031 0.039
IPAK mechanical data
0068771-F
Package mechanical data L78MxxC
28/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
Dim.
mm. inch.
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A330 12.992
C12.813.0 13.2 0.504 0.512 0.519
D 20.2 0.795
N60 2.362
T22.40.882
Ao 6.806.90 7.00 0.2680.272 0.2.76
Bo 10.40 10.50 10.60 0.4090.4130.417
Ko 2.55 2.65 2.75 0.100 0.104 0.105
Po 3.94.0 4.1 0.1530.157 0.161
P7.98.0 8.1 0.311 0.315 0.319
Tape & reel DPAK-PPAK mechanical data
L78MxxC Revision history
Doc ID 2146 Rev 18 29/30
8 Revision history
Table 14. Document revision history
Date Revision Changes
21-Jun-2004 6 Document updating.
30-Aug-2006 7 Order codes updated.
29-Nov-2006 8 DPAK mechanical data updated and add footprint data.
06-Jun-2007 9 Order codes updated.
10-Dec-2007 10 Added
Ta b le 1
.
19-Feb-2008 11 Modified:
Table 1 on page 1
.
15-Jul-2008 12 Modified:
Table 1 on page 1
and
Table 14 on page 29
.
07-Apr-2009 13 Modified:
Figure 9 on page 11
and
Figure 15 on page 12
.
14-Jun-2010 14 Added:
Table 11 on page 17
,
Figure 29 on page 18
,
Figure 30 on page 19
,
Figure 31
and
Figure 32 on page 20
.
11-Nov-2010 15 Modified: RthJC value for TO-220
Table 3 on page 5
.
08-Feb-2012 16 Added: order codes L78M05CV-DG, L78M12CV-DG and L78M15CV-DG
Table 1 on page 1
.
09-Mar-2012 17 Added: order codes L78M08CV-DG and L78M09CV-DG
Table 1 on page 1
.
15-May-2012 18 Added: order codes L78M24CV-DG
Table 1 on page 1
.
L78MxxC
30/30 Doc ID 2146 Rev 18
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