18-36 Vdc DC/DC converter
Output up to 20 A/50 W
PKM 2000E Series
Contents
Product Program ......................2
Quality Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Limitation of Liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Mechanical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Input ...............................5
Safety Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Product Qualification Specification . . . . . . . . 7
PKM 2510E PI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
PKM 2511E PI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
PKM 2513E PI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
PKM 2515E PI Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
EMC Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Operating Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Thermal Consideration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Soldering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Delivery Package Information . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Compatibility with RoHS requirements . . . . 24
Reliability ...........................24
Sales Offices and Contact Information . . . . 25
Datasheet
The PKM 2000E series of high efficiency DC/DC convert-
ers are designed to provide high quality on-board power
solutions in distributed power architectures used in
Internetworking equipment in wireless and wired com-
munications applications. The PKM 2000E series has
industry standard quarter brick footprint and pin-out and
is only 8.5 mm (0.33 in) high. This makes it extremely well
suited for narrow board pitch applications with board
spacing down to 15 mm (0.6 in). The PKM 2000E series
uses patented synchronous rectification technology and
achieves an efficiency up to 90% at full load. Ericsson’s
PKM 2000E series addresses both the industrial and the
emerging telecom market for applications in the multi-
service network by specifying the input voltage range in
accordance with ETSI specifications. Included as standard
features are output over-voltage protection, input under-
voltage protection, over temperature protection, soft-start,
output short circuit protection, remote sense, remote con-
trol, and output voltage adjust function. These converters
are designed to meet high reliability requirements and are
manufactured in highly automated manufacturing lines and
meet world-class quality levels.
Ericsson Power Modules is an ISO 9001/14001 certified
supplier.
Key Features
• Industry standard Quarter-brick
57.9 x 36.8 x 8.5 mm (2.28 x 1.45 x 0.33 in)
• RoHS compliant
• High efficiency, typ. 89 % at 3.3 Vout half load
• 1500 Vdc input to output isolation, meets isolation
requirements equivalent to basic insulation according
to IEC/EN/UL 60950
• More than 7.0 million hours predicted MTBF at +40 ºC
ambient temperature
E
2EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Product Program
Quality Statement
The PKM 2000E DC/DC converters are designed and
manufactured in an industrial environment where quality
systems and methods like ISO 9000, 6σ (sigma), and SPC
are intensively in use to boost the continuous improvements
strategy. Infant mortality or early failures in the products are
screened out and they are subjected to an ATE-based final
test. Conservative design rules, design reviews and product
qualifications, plus the high competence of an engaged work
force, contribute to the high quality of our products.
Limitation of Liability
Ericsson Power Modules does not make any other
warranties, expressed or implied including any warranty of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose (including,
but not limited to, use in life support applications, where
malfunctions of product can cause injury to a person's
health or life).
VI
VO/IO max PO max Ordering No. Comment
Output 1
24 3.3 V/15 A 50W PKM 2510E PI
24 5.0 V/10 A 50W PKM 2511E PI
24 12 V/4.2 A 50W PKM 2513E PI
24 15 V/3.3 A 50W PKM 2515E PI
Option Suffix Example
Positive Remote Control logic P PKM 2510E PIP
Heatsink HS PKM 210E PIHS
Lead length 3.69 mm (0.145 in) LA PKM 2510E PILA
Note: As an example a positive logic, heatsink, short pin product would be
PKM 2510E PIPHSLA
For more information about the complete product program, please refer to our
website: www.ericsson.com/powermodules
3EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Mechanical Information
4EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Mechanical Information HS-Option
5EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Fundamental Circuit Diagram
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
VIInput voltage range 18 36 Vdc
VIoff Turn-off input voltage Ramping from higher voltage 15.5 Vdc
VIon Turn-on input voltage Ramping from lower voltage 17 Vdc
CIInput capacitance 3.3 µF
PIi Input idling power Io= 0, VI = 27 V 1.3 W
PRC Input standby power (turned off with RC) VI = 27 V, RC activated 0.1 W
Input TPcb <TPcb max unless otherwise specified
Characteristics min typ max Unit
TCMaximum Operating Baseplate Temperature (see Thermal Consideration section) -40 +110 ˚C
TSStorage temperature -55 +125 ˚C
VIInput voltage -0.5 +40 Vdc
VISO Isolation voltage (input to output test voltage) 1500 Vdc
Vtr Input voltage transient (Tp 100 ms) 100 Vdc
VRC
Negative logic (referenced to -In) +18 Vdc
Positive logic (referenced to -In) 6 Vdc
Vadj Maximum input -0.5 2xVoi Vdc
Stress in excess of Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage. Absolute
Maximum Ratings, sometimes referred to as no destruction limits, are normally tested with
one parameter at a time exceeding the limits of Output data or Electrical Characteristics.
If exposed to stress above these limits, function and performance may degrade in an
unspecified manner.
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6EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC converters and DC/DC regulators
are designed in accordance with safety standards
IEC/EN/UL 60 950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment.
IEC/EN/UL60950 contains requirements to prevent injury or
damage due to the following hazards:
• Electrical shock
• Energy hazards
• Fire
• Mechanical and heat hazards
• Radiation hazards
• Chemical hazards
On-board DC-DC converters are defined as component power
supplies. As components they cannot fully comply with the
provisions of any Safety requirements without “Conditions of
Acceptability”. It is the responsibility of the installer to ensure that
the final product housing these components complies with the
requirements of all applicable Safety standards and Directives for
the final product.
Component power supplies for general use should comply with
the requirements in IEC60950, EN60950 and UL60950 “Safety of
information technology equipment”.
There are other more product related standards, e.g.
IEC61204-7 “Safety standard for power supplies",
IEEE802.3af “Ethernet LAN/MAN Data terminal equipment
power”, and ETS300132-2 “Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications equipment; part 2: DC”,
but all of these standards are based on IEC/EN/UL60950 with
regards to safety.
Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC converters and DC/DC regulators
are UL 60 950 recognized and certified in accordance with EN 60
950.
The flammability rating for all construction parts of the products
meets UL 94V-0.
The products should be installed in the end-use equipment, in
accordance with the requirements of the ultimate application.
Normally the output of the DC/DC converter is considered as SELV
(Safety Extra Low Voltage) and the input source must be isolated by
minimum Double or Reinforced Insulation from the primary circuit
(AC mains) in accordance with
IEC/EN/UL 60 950.
Safety Specification
Isolated DC/DC converters.
The input voltage to the DC/DC regulator is SELV (Safety Extra Low
Voltage) and the output remains SELV under normal and abnormal
operating conditions.
It is recommended that a slow blow fuse with a rating
twice the maximum input current per selected product
be used at the input of each DC/DC regulator.
Non-isolated DC/DC regulators.
24 V dc systems.
The input voltage to the DC/DC converter is SELV (Safety Extra Low
Voltage) and the output remains SELV under normal and abnormal
operating conditions.
48 and 60 V dc systems.
If the input voltage to Ericsson Power Modules DC/DC converter
is 75 V dc or less, then the output remains SELV (Safety Extra Low
Voltage) under normal and abnormal operating conditions.
Single fault testing in the input power supply circuit should be
performed with the DC/DC converter connected to demonstrate
that the input voltage does not exceed 75 V dc.
If the input power source circuit is a DC power system, the source
may be treated as a TNV2 circuit and testing has demonstrated
compliance with SELV limits and isolation requirements equivalent
to Basic Insulation in accordance with IEC/EN/UL 60 950.
It is recommended that a fast blow fuse with a rating
twice the maximum input current per selected product
be used at the input of each DC/DC converter. If an input filter is
used in the circuit the fuse should be placed in front of the input
filter.
In the rare event of a component problem in the input filter or in the
DC/DC converter that imposes a short circuit on the input source,
this fuse will provide the following functions:
• Isolate the faulty DC/DC converter from the input power source
so as not to affect the operation of other parts of the system.
• Protect the distribution wiring from excessive current and power
loss thus preventing hazardous overheating.
The galvanic isolation is verified in an electric strength test. The test
voltage (VISO) between input and output is 1500 Vdc or 2250 Vdc for
60 seconds (refer to product specification). Leakage current is less
than 1µA at nominal input voltage.
General information.
7EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Characteristics
Random Vibration IEC 68-2-64 Fh
Frequency
Spectral density
Duration
10 ... 500 Hz
0.07 g2/Hz
10 min each direction
Sinusoidal
Vibration IEC 68-2-6 Fc
Frequency
Amplitude
Acceleration
Number of cycles
10 ... 500 Hz
0.75 mm
10 g
10 in each axis
Mechanical shock
(half sinus) IEC 68-2-27 Ea
Peak acceleration
Duration
Pulse shape
100 g
6 ms
half sine
Temperature cycling IEC 68-2-14 Na
Temperature
Number of cycles
-40 ... +100 ˚C
300
Heat/Humidity IEC 68-2-3 Ca Temperature
Humidity
Duration
+85 ˚C
85 % RH
1000 hours
Solder heat stability IEC 68-2-20 Tb 1A Temperature, solder
Duration
260 ˚C
10 ...13 s
Resistance to cleaning agents IEC 68-2-45 XA
Method 2
Water
Isopropyl alcohol
Glycol ether
Method
+55 ±5 ˚C
+35 ±5 ˚C
+35 ±5 ˚C
with rubbing
Storage test IEC 68-2-2 BaTemperature
Duration
125 ˚C
1000 h
Cold (in operation) IEC 68-2-1 AdTemperature, TA
Duration
-45 ˚C
2 h
Operational life test Duration 1000 h
Product Qualification Specification
8EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 3.23 3.3 3.37 V
Output adjust range IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 2.97 3.63 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band IO = (0.1...1.0) x IOmax 3.2 3.4 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 3.2 3.4 V
Line regulation IOmax 5 mV
Load regulation IO = (0.01...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V 5 mV
Vtr
Load transient
voltage deviation
IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V,
load step = 0.5 × IOmax ±300 mV
ttr Load transient recovery time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V,
load step = 0.5 × IOmax 100 µs
trRamp-up time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V
(0.1...0.9) × VOnom 5 10 ms
tsStart-up time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V
VI connection to 0.9 x VOnom 7.5 15 ms
IOOutput current 0 15 A
POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom 50 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 20 A
Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 °C, VO < 0.5V 27 A
VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IOmax, VOnom, 25 50 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) TPcb = 25 °C, f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vpp,
VI = 27 V 70 dB
OVP Over voltage protection VI = 27 V IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax 3.9 5.0 V
TPcb = -40...+90 ºC and VI = 18...36V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified.
PKM 2510E PI Output
Miscellaneous
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
ηEfficiency - 100% load IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 85 87 %
ηEfficiency - 50% load IOmax / 2, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 89 %
PdPower Dissipation IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 7.3 W
fsSwitching frequency 180 kHz
9EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Heatsink (HS) option
The PKM2000E series DC/DC converters can be
ordered with a heatsink (HS) option. The heatsink
option have approximately 5 °C improved derating
compared with the PKM2000E without heatsink.
The HS option is intended to be mounted on a cold
wall to transfer heat away from the converter.
Efficiency Output Current Derating
PKM 2510E PI Typical Characteristics
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 °C
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0
5
10
15
[°C]
[A]
2.0 m/s (400 lfm)
1.5 m/s (300 lfm)
1.0 m/s (200 lfm)
Nat. Conv.
3.0 m/s (600 lfm)
2.5 m/s (500 lfm)
Output Characteristic
Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V.
03 6 9 12 15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
[A]
[V]
Power Dissipation
0 3 6 9 12 15
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
[A]
[W]
18 V
24 V
27 V
36 V
Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
TPcb=+25 °C
Thermal resistance
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
[m/s]
[°C/W]
Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow
at Vin=27 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow
and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as
per the Thermal consideration section.
10 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
PKM 2510E PI Typical Characteristics
Output Ripple Transient
Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V,
Io=15A resistive load with C=10 µF tantalum and 0.1 µF
ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 2µs / div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(3.75-11.25-3.75 A) at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V. Top
trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace:
load current (5 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change in output voltage.
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Output Voltage Adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is
calculated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= 5.11 [3.3(100+Δ%) / 1.225Δ%- (100+2Δ%) /Δ% ]
kOhm
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= 5.11 [(100 / Δ%-2) ] kOhm
Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 3.43 Vdc
5.11 [3.3(100+4)/(1.225x4)-(100+2x4)/4=219.9 kOhm
Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 3.23 Vdc
5.11 x(100/2-2)=245.3 kOhm
Start-Up Turn-Off
Start-up at Io=15A resistive load at TPcb=+25 °C,
Vin=27 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace:
input voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(1 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div.
Turn-off at Io=15A resistive load at TPcb=+25 °C,
Vin=27 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top
trace: output voltage (1 V/div.). Bottom trace: input
voltage (20 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div.
11 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 4.89 5.0 5.11 V
Output adjust range IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 4.5 5.5 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band IO = (0.1...1.0) x IOmax 4.85 5.15 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 4.85 5.15 V
Line regulation IOmax 5 mV
Load regulation IO = (0.01...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V 5 mV
Vtr
Load transient
voltage deviation
IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V,
load step = 0.5 × IOmax ±250 mV
ttr Load transient recovery time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V,
load step = 0.5 × IOmax 100 µs
trRamp-up time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V
(0.1...0.9) × VOnom 5 10 ms
tsStart-up time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V
VI connection to 0.9 x VOnom 7.5 15 ms
IOOutput current 0 10 A
POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom 50 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 15 A
Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 °C, VO < 0.5V 25 A
VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IOmax, VOnom, 40 60 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) TPcb = 25 °C, f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vpp,
VI = 27 V 67 dB
OVP Over voltage protection VI = 27 V IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax 5.6 7.6 V
TPcb = -40...+90 ºC and VI = 18...36V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified.
PKM 2511E PI Output
Miscellaneous
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
ηEfficiency - 100% load IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 85 87 %
ηEfficiency - 50% load IOmax / 2, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 86.5 %
PdPower Dissipation IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 7.5 W
fsSwitching frequency 180 kHz
12 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Heatsink (HS) option
The PKM2000E series DC/DC converters can be
ordered with a heatsink (HS) option. The heatsink
option have approximately 5 °C improved derating
compared with the PKM2000E without heatsink.
The HS option is intended to be mounted on a cold
wall to transfer heat away from the converter.
Efficiency Output Current Derating
PKM 2511E PI Typical Characteristics
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 °C
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Output Characteristic
Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V.
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Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
TPcb=+25 °C
Thermal resistance
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Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow
at Vin=27 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow
and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as
per the Thermal consideration section.
13 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
PKM 2511E PI Typical Characteristics
Output Ripple Transient
Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V,
Io=10A resistive load with C=10 µF tantalum and 0.1 µF
ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 2µs / div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(2.5-7.5-2.5 A) at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V. Top trace:
output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace:
load current (2.5 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change in output voltage.
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Output Voltage Adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is
calculated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= 5.11 [5.0(100+Δ%) / 1.225Δ%- (100+2Δ%) /Δ% ]
kOhm
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= 5.11 [(100 / Δ%-2) ] kOhm
Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 5.2 Vdc
5.11 [5(100+4)/(1.225x4)-(100+2x4)/4=404.3 kOhm
Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 4.9 Vdc
5.11 x(100/2-2)=245.3 kOhm
Start-Up Turn-Off
Start-up at Io=10A resistive load at TPcb=+25 °C,
Vin=27 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace:
input voltage (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(2 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div.
Turn-off at Io=10A resistive load at TPcb=+25 °C,
Vin=27 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top
trace: output voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: input
voltage (2 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div.
14 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 11.8 12.0 12.2 V
Output adjust range IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 10.8 13.2 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band IO = (0.1...1.0) x IOmax 11.74 12.26 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 11.74 12.26 V
Line regulation IOmax 10 mV
Load regulation IO = (0.01...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V 10 mV
Vtr
Load transient
voltage deviation
IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V,
load step = 0.5 × IOmax ±300 mV
ttr Load transient recovery time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V,
load step = 0.5 × IOmax 100 µs
trRamp-up time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V
(0.1...0.9) × VOnom 5 10 ms
tsStart-up time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V
VI connection to 0.9 x VOnom 7.5 15 ms
IOOutput current 0 4.2 A
POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom 50 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 6.0 A
Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 °C, VO < 0.5V 9 A
VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IOmax, VOnom, 80 150 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) TPcb = 25 °C, f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vpp,
VI = 27 V 65 dB
OVP Over voltage protection VI = 27 V IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax 14 16 V
TPcb = -40...+90 ºC and VI = 18...36V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified.
PKM 2513E PI Output
Miscellaneous
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
ηEfficiency - 100% load IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 86 87.5 %
ηEfficiency - 50% load IOmax / 2, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 87 %
PdPower Dissipation IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 7.0 W
fsSwitching frequency 200 kHz
15 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Heatsink (HS) option
The PKM2000E series DC/DC converters can be
ordered with a heatsink (HS) option. The heatsink
option have approximately 5 °C improved derating
compared with the PKM2000E without heatsink.
The HS option is intended to be mounted on a cold
wall to transfer heat away from the converter.
Efficiency Output Current Derating
PKM 2513E PI Typical Characteristics
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 °C
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Output Characteristic
Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V.
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Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
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Thermal resistance
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Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow
at Vin=27 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow
and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as
per the Thermal consideration section.
16 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
PKM 2513E PI Typical Characteristics
Output Ripple Transient
Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V,
Io=4.2 A resistive load with C=10 µF tantalum and 0.1 µF
ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 2µs / div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(1.05-3.15-1.05A) at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V. Top
trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace:
load current (1.0 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change in output voltage.
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Output Voltage Adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is
calculated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= 5.11 [5.0(100+Δ%) / 1.225Δ%- (100+2Δ%) /Δ% ]
kOhm
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= 5.11 [(100 / Δ%-2) ] kOhm
Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 12.48 Vdc
5.11 [12(100+4)/(1.225x4)-(100+2x4)/4]=1163.5 kOhm
Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 11.76 Vdc
5.11 x(100/2-2)=245.3 kOhm
Start-Up Turn-Off
Start-up at Io=4.2 A resistive load at TPcb=+25 °C,
Vin=27 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace:
input voltage (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(5 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div.
Turn-off at Io=4.2 A resistive load at TPcb=+25 °C,
Vin=27 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top
trace: output voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: input
voltage (5 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div.
17 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Characteristics Conditions
Output Unit
min typ max
VOi
Output voltage initial setting
and accuracy IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 14.75 15.0 15.29 V
Output adjust range IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 13.5 16.5 V
VO
Output voltage tolerance band IO = (0.1...1.0) x IOmax 14.70 15.30 V
Idling voltage IO = 0 14.70 15.30 V
Line regulation IOmax 10 mV
Load regulation IO = (0.01...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V 10 mV
Vtr
Load transient
voltage deviation
IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V,
load step = 0.5 × IOmax ±250 mV
ttr Load transient recovery time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V,
load step = 0.5 × IOmax 150 µs
trRamp-up time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V
(0.1...0.9) × VOnom 5 10 ms
tsStart-up time IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax, VI = 27 V
VI connection to 0.9 x VOnom 7.5 15 ms
IOOutput current 0 3.33 A
POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom 50 W
Ilim Current limit threshold TPcb < TPcbmax 4.7 A
Isc Short circuit current TPcb = 25 °C, VO < 0.5V 6.8 A
VOac Output ripple & noise See ripple and noise, IOmax, VOnom, 95 150 mVp-p
SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) TPcb = 25 °C, f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vpp,
VI = 27 V 50 dB
OVP Over voltage protection VI = 27 V IO = (0.1...1.0) × IOmax 18.5 22.5 V
TPcb = -40...+90 ºC and VI = 18...36V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified.
PKM 2515E PI Output
Miscellaneous
Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit
ηEfficiency - 100% load IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 86 88 %
ηEfficiency - 50% load IOmax / 2, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 88 %
PdPower Dissipation IOmax, VI = 27 V, TPcb = 25 ˚C 7.0 W
fsSwitching frequency 230 kHz
18 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Heatsink (HS) option
The PKM2000E series DC/DC converters can be
ordered with a heatsink (HS) option. The heatsink
option have approximately 5 °C improved derating
compared with the PKM2000E without heatsink.
The HS option is intended to be mounted on a cold
wall to transfer heat away from the converter.
Efficiency Output Current Derating
PKM 2515E PI Typical Characteristics
Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TPcb=+25 °C
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Output Characteristic
Output voltage vs. load current at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V.
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Power Dissipation
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Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at
TPcb=+25 °C
Thermal resistance
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Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow
at Vin=27 V. DC/DC converter mounted vertically with airflow
and test conditions as per the Thermal consideration section.
Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter.
Tested in windtunnel with airflow and test conditions as
per the Thermal consideration section.
19 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
PKM 2515E PI Typical Characteristics
Output Ripple Transient
Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V,
Io=3.33 A resistive load with C=10 µF tantalum and 0.1 µF
ceramic capacitors. Band width=20MHz. Time scale: 1µs / div.
Output voltage response to load current step-change
(0.625-2.50-0.625 A) at TPcb=+25 °C, Vin=27 V. Top
trace: output voltage (200mV/div.). Bottom trace:
load current (0.83 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div.
Output Voltage Adjust
Output voltage adjust resistor value vs.
percentage change in output voltage.
%FDSFBTF
*ODSFBTF
<L0IN>
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Output Voltage Adjust
The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is
calculated by using the following equations:
Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase:
Radj= 5.11 [15(100+Δ%) / 1.225Δ%- (100+2Δ%) /Δ% ]
kOhm
Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease:
Radj= 5.11 [(100 / Δ%-2) ] kOhm
Eg Increase 4% =>Vout = 15.6 Vdc
5.11 [15(100+4)/(1.225x4)-(100+2x4)/4]=1488.9 kOhm
Eg Decrease 2% =>Vout = 14.7 Vdc
5.11 x(100/2-2)=245.3 kOhm
Start-Up Turn-Off
Start-up at Io=3.33 A resistive load at TPcb=+25 °C,
Vin=27 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace:
input voltage (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(5 V/div.). Time scale: 5 ms/div.
Turn-off at Io=3.33 A resistive load at TPcb=+25 °C,
Vin=27 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top
trace: output voltage (10 V/div.). Bottom trace: input
voltage (5 V/div.). Time scale: 10 ms/div.
20 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
EMC Specification
The conducted EMI measurement was performed using a
module placed directly on the test bench.
The fundamental switching frequency is 180 kHz for
PKM2510E PI @ VI = 27V, IO = (0.1...1.0) x IOmax.
External filter (class B)
Required external input filter in order to meet class B in
EN 55022, CISPR 22 and FCC part 15J.
Test set-up.
Layout Recommendation
The radiated EMI performance of the DC/DC converter
will be optimised by including a ground plane in the PCB
area under the DC/DC converter. This approach will re-
turn switching noise to ground as directly as possible, with
improvements to both emissions and susceptibility. It is also
important to consider the stand-off of the PKM 2000E series
DC/DC converter. If one ground trace is used, it should be
connected to the input return. Alternatively, two ground
traces may be used, with the trace under the input side of
the DC/DC converter connected to the input return and the
trace under the output side of the DC/DC converter con-
nected to the output return. Make sure to use appropriate
safety isolation spacing between these two return traces.
The use of two traces as described will provide the capabil-
ity of routing the input noise and output noise back to their
respective returns.
Conducted EMI Input terminal value (typ)
Output ripple and noise test setup
Output ripple and noise
The circuit below has been used for the ripple and noise
measurements on the PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters.
PKM 2510 E PI without filter
PKM 2510 E PI with filter
0.68uF0.68uF
3.9nF
768uH
PO422(Pulse)
0.68uF
3.9nF
47uH
220uF +
+
-
DC/DC
DC
Power
Source
+
-
5µH 50Ω
5µH 50Ω
LISN
LISN
in
in out
out
rcvr
rcvr
50 ohm input
1 m Twisted Pair
50 ohm temination
Optional Connection
to Earth Ground
Filter
(if used)
Power Module
Resistive
Load
Printed Circuit Board
EMC
Reciver Computer
BNC
Connector
to Scope
Ceramic
Capacitor
+Vout
+Sense
Trim
-Sense
-Vout
Load
Tantalum
Capacitor
* Conductor from Vout to capacitors = 50mm [1.97in]
+
0.1uF 10uF
21 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Operating Information
Input Voltage
The input voltage range 18…36Vdc meets typical
requirements in 24 V DC systems used in communications,
avionics, industrial and medical equipment. At input voltages
exceeding 36V, the power loss will be higher than at normal
input voltage and Tref must be limited to absolute max
+110°C. The absolute maximum continuous input voltage is
40Vdc.
Turn-Off Input Voltage
The PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters monitor the input
voltage and will turn on and turn off at predetermined levels.
The minimum hysteresis between turn on and turn off input
voltage is 2V where the turn on input voltage is the highest.
Output Voltage Adjust (Vadj)
All PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters have an Output
Voltage adjust pin (Vadj). This pin can be used to adjust
the output voltage above or below Output voltage initial
setting. When increasing the output voltage, the voltage at
the output pins (including any remote sense offset) must
be kept below the overvoltage trip point, to prevent the
converter from shut down. Also note that at increased output
voltages the maximum power rating of the converter remains
the same, and the output current capability will decrease
correspondingly. To decrease the output voltage the resistor
should be connected between Vadj pin and –Sense pin.
To increase the voltage the resistor should be connected
between Vadj pin and +Sense pin. The resistor value of the
Output voltage adjust function is according to information
given under the output section.
Remote Control (RC)
All PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters have remote sense
that can be used to compensate for moderate amounts of
resistance in the distribution system and allow for voltage
regulation at the load or other selected point. The remote
sense lines will carry very little current and do not need a
large cross sectional area. However, the sense lines on the
PCB should be located close to a ground trace or ground
plane. In a discrete wiring situation, the use of twisted pair
wires or other technique to reduce noise susceptibility
is highly recommended. The remote sense circuitry will
compensate for up to 10% voltage drop between the sense
voltage and the voltage at the output pins. The output
voltage and the remote sense voltage offset must be less
than the minimum over voltage trip point. If the remote sense
is not needed the –Sense should be connected to –Out and
+Sense should be connected to +Out.
Remote Sense
Circuit configuration for output voltage adjust
+Out
-Out
+Sense
Vadj
-Sense
Load
Radj
Radj
Decrease
Load
Increase
+Out
-Out
+Sense
Vadj
-Sense
The PKM 2000E Series DC/DC
converters have a remote control
function referenced to the primary
side (- In), with negative and positive
logic options available. The RC
function allows the converter to be
turned on/off by an external device
like a semiconductor or mechanical
switch. The RC pin has an internal
pull up resistor to + In. The needed maximum sink current
is 1mA. When the RC pin is left open, the voltage generated
on the RC pin is 3.5 - 6 V. The maximum allowable leakage
current of the switch is 50 µA.
The standard converter is provided with “negative logic”
remote control and the converter will be off until the RC
pin is connected to the - In. To turn on the converter the
voltage between RC pin and - In should be less than 1V.
To turn off the converter the RC pin should be left open, or
connected to a voltage higher than 4 V referenced to - In. In
situations where it is desired to have the converter to power
up automatically without the need for control signals or a
switch, the RC pin can be wired directly to - In.
The second option is “positive logic” remote control, which
can be ordered by adding the suffix “P” to the end of the
part number. The converter will turn on when the input
voltage is applied with the RC pin open. Turn off is achieved
by connecting the RC pin to the - In. To ensure safe turn
off the voltage difference between RC pin and the - In pin
shall be less than 1V. The converter will restart automatically
when this connection is opened.
Circuit configuration
for RC function
+In
RC
-In
22 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Operating Information
Over Temperature Protection (OTP)
The PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters are protected
from thermal overload by an internal over temperature
shutdown circuit. When the PCB temperature adjacent to
the PWM control circuit exceeds 120 ºC the converter will
shut down immediately. The converter will make continuos
attempts to start up (non-latching mode) and resume normal
operation automatically when the temperature has dropped
>10ºC below the temperature threshold.
Input And Output Impedance
The impedance of both the power source and the load will
interact with the impedance of the DC/DC converter. It is
most important to have a ratio between L and C as low as
possible, i.e. a low characteristic impedance, both at the in-
put and output, as the converters have a low energy storage
capability. The PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters have
been designed to be completely stable without the need
for external capacitors on the input or the output circuits.
The performance in some applications can be enhanced by
addition of external capacitance as described under maxi-
mum capacitive load. If the distribution of the input voltage
source to the converter contains significant inductance, the
addition of a 100µF capacitor across the input of the con-
verter will help insure stability. This capacitor is not required
when powering the DC/DC converter from a low impedance
source with short, low inductance, input power leads.
Parallel Operation
The PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters can be paralleled
for redundancy if external o-ring diodes are used in series
with the outputs. It is not recommended to parallel the PKM
2000E Series DC/DC converters for increased power without
using external current sharing circuits.
Maximum Capacitive Load
When powering loads with significant dynamic current
requirements, the voltage regulation at the load can be
improved by addition of decoupling capacitance at the load.
The most affective technique is to locate low ESR ceramic
capacitors as close to the load as possible, using several
capacitors to lower the effective ESR. These ceramic ca-
pacitors will handle short duration high-frequency compo-
nents of dynamic load changes. In addition, higher values of
electrolytic capacitors should be used to handle the mid-fre-
quency components. It is equally important to use good de-
sign practise when configuring the DC distribution system.
Low resistance and low inductance PCB (printed circuit
board) layouts and cabling should be used. Remember that
when using remote sensing, all resistance, inductance and
capacitance of the distribution system is within the feed-
back loop of the converter. This can affect on the convert-
ers compensation and the resulting stability and dynamic
response performance. As a “rule of thumb”, 100µF/A of
output current can be used without any additional analysis.
For example with a 25A converter, values of decoupling
capacitance up to 2500 µF can be used without regard to
stability. With larger values of capacitance, the load transient
recovery time can exceed the specified value. As much of
the capacitance as possible should be outside the remote
sensing loop and close to the load. The absolute maximum
value of output capacitance is 10 000 µF. For values larger
than this, please contact your local Ericsson Power Modules
representative.
Current Limit Protection
The PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters include current
limiting circuitry that allows them to withstand continuous
overloads or short circuit conditions on the output. The out-
put voltage will decrease towards zero for output currents in
excess of max output current (Iomax).
The converter will resume normal operation after removal
of the overload. The load distribution system should be
designed to carry the maximum output short circuit current
specified.
Over Voltage Protection (OVP)
The PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters have output over-
voltage protection. In the event of an overvoltage condition,
the converter will shut down immediately. The converter will
make continuous attempts to start up (non-latching mode)
and resume normal operation automatically.
23 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Thermal Consideration
General
The PKM 2000E Series DC/DC converters are designed
to operate in a variety of thermal environments, however
sufficient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable
operation. Heat is removed by conduction, convection and
radiation to the surrounding environment. Increased airflow
enhances the heat transfer via convection. The available load
current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V
for each model is according to the information given under
the output section. The test is done in a wind tunnel with a
cross section of 305x305mm, the DC/DC converter vertically
mounted on a 8 layer PCB with a size of 254x254mm.
Proper cooling can be verified by measuring the temperature
of selected devices. Peak temperature can occur at position
P1 and P2. The temperature at these positions should not
exceed the recommended max values.
Calculation of ambient temperature
By using the thermal resistance the maximum allowed
ambient temperature can be calculated.
1. The powerloss is calculated by using the formula
((1/η) - 1) × output power = power losses.
η = efficiency of converter. E.g 89% = 0.89
2. Find the value of the thermal resistance for each product in
the diagram by using the airflow speed at the output section
of the converter. Take the thermal resistance x powerloss to
get the temperature increase.
3. Max allowed calculated ambient temperature is: Max
TPCB of DC/DC converter – temperature increase.
E.g PKM 2510E PI at 1m/s:
B. 7.4W × 6°C/W = 44.4°C
C.110°C - 44.4°C = max ambient temperature is 65.6°C
The real temperature will be dependent on several factors,
like PCB size and type, direction of airflow, air turbulence
etc. It is recommended to verify the temperature by testing.
A. (( ) - 1) × 49.5W = 7.4W
1
0.87
Position Device Tcritical Max Value
P1 Transformer Tcore 110ºC
P2 Mosfet Tsurface 110ºC
"JSGMPX
*OQVUTJEF
0VUQVUTJEF
1
1
24 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Reliability
The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of the PKM2000E
Series DC/DC converter is calculated at full output power
and an operating ambient temperature (TA) of +40°C.
Different methods could be used to calculate the predicted
MTBF and failure rate which may give different results.
Ericsson Power Modules currently uses two different
methods, Ericsson failure rate data system DependTool and
Telcordia SR332.
Predicted MTBF for the PKM2000E Series products is:
7.0 million hours according to DependTool.
1.6 million hours according to Telcordia SR332, issue 1,
Black box techique.
The Ericsson failure rate data system is based on field
tracking data. The data corresponds to actual failure rates
of components used in Information Technology and Telecom
(IT&T) equipment in temperature controlled environments (TA
= -5...+65°C). Telcordia SR332 is a commonly used standard
method intended for reliability calculations in IT&T
equipment.The parts count procedure used in this method
was originally modeled on the methods from MIL-HDBK-
217F, ReliabilityPredictions of Electronic Equipment. It
assumes that no reliability data is available on the actual
units and devices for which the predictions are to be
made, i.e. all predictions are based on generic reliabilitybased on generic reliability
parameters.equipment. For more information please refer toFor more information please refer to
Design Note 002.
Delivery Package Information
The PKM2000E Series DC/DC converters are intended for
through hole mounting on a PCB. When wave soldering
is used max temperature on the pins is specified to
260°C for 10 seconds. Maximum preheat rate of 4°C/s
and temperature of max 130°C is suggested. When hand
soldering, care should be taken to avoid direct contact
between the hot soldering iron tip and the pins for more
than a few seconds in order to prevent overheating.
No-clean flux is recommended to avoid entrapment of
cleaning fluids in cavities inside of the DC/DC power
module. The residues may affect long time reliability and
isolation voltage.
Compatibility with RoHS requirements
Soldering Information
PKM 2000E series standard delivery packages are 100 or 20
pcs boxes (One box contains 5 or 1 full tray(s)
and 1 empty hold down tray).
Tray Specification
Material: Polystyrene (PS)
Max surface resistance: 10 MOhm/sq
Color: Black
Capacity: 20 pcs/tray
Loaded tray stacking pitch: 16.2 mm (0.64 In)
Weight: 133 g
The products are compatible with the relevant clauses
and requirements of the RoHS directive 2002/95/EC and
have a maximum concentration value of 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous materials for lead, mercury, hexavalent
chromium, PBB and PBDE and of 0.01% by weight in
homogeneous materials for cadmium.
Exemptions in the RoHS directive utilized in Ericsson Power
Modules products include:
• Lead in high melting temperature type solder (used to
solder the die in semiconductor packages)
• Lead in glass of electronics components and in electronic
ceramic parts (e.g. fill material in chip resistors)
• Lead as an alloying element in copper alloy containing up to
4% lead by weight (used in connection pins made of Brass)
25 EN/LZT 146 050 R4A © Ericsson Power Modules, March 2007
PKM 2000E PI Datasheet
Sales Offices and Contact Information
Company Headquarters
Ericsson Power Modules AB
LM Ericssons väg 30
SE-126 25 Stockholm
Sweden
Phone: +46-8-568-69620
Fax: +46-8-568-69599
China
Ericsson Simtek Electronics Co.
33 Fuhua Road
Jiading District
Shanghai 201 818
China
Phone: +86-21-5990-3258
Fax: +86-21-5990-0188
North and South America
Ericsson Inc. Power Modules
6300 Legacy Dr.
Plano, TX 75024
USA
Phone: +1-972-583-5254
+1-972-583-6910
Fax: +1-972-583-7839
Hong Kong (Asia Pacific)
Ericsson Ltd.
12/F. Devon House
979 King’s Road
Quarry Bay
Hong Kong
Phone: +852-2590-2453
Fax: +852-2590-7152
Italy, Spain (Mediterranean)
Ericsson Power Modules AB
Via Cadorna 71
20090 Vimodrone (MI)
Italy
Phone: +39-02-265-946-07
Fax: +39-02-265-946-69
All other countries
Contact Company Headquarters
or visit our website:
www.ericsson.com/powermodules
Information given in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable.
No responsibility is assumed for the consequences of its use nor for any infringement
of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use.
No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of
Ericsson Power Modules. These products are sold only according to
Ericsson Power Modules’ general conditions of sale, unless otherwise confirmed in
writing. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Germany, Austria
Ericsson Power Modules AB
Mühlhauser Weg 18
85737 Ismaning
Germany
Phone: +49-89-9500-6905
Fax: +49-89-9500-6911
Japan
Ericsson Power Modules AB
Kimura Daini Building, 3 FL.
3-29-7 Minami-Oomachi, Shinagawa-ka
Tokyo 140-0013
Japan
Phone: +81-3-5733-5107
Fax: +81-3-5753-5162
