LM4864 LM4864 725mW Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode Literature Number: SNAS109E LM4864 725mW Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode General Description LM4864M & LM4864N*, 8 load 675mW (typ) The LM4864 is a bridged audio power amplifier capable of delivering 725mW of continuous average power into an 8 load with 1% THD+N from a 5V power supply. Boomer (R) audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to provide high quality output power from a low supply voltage while requiring a minimal amount of external components. Since the LM4864 does not require output coupling capacitors, bootstrap capacitors or snubber networks, it is optimally suited for low-power portable applications. LM4864MM, 8 load (Note 10) 300mW (typ) LM4864, 16 load 550mW (typ) The LM4864 features an externally controlled, low power consumption shutdown mode, and thermal shutdown protection. The closed loop response of the unity-gain stable LM4864 can be configured by external gain-setting resistors. The device is available in multiple package types to suit various applications. Key Specifications j Shutdown current 0.7A (typ) * Not recommended for new designs. Contact NSC Audio Marketing. Features n MSOP, SOP, DIP*, and LD packaging n No output coupling capacitors, bootstrap capacitors, or snubber circuits are necessary n Thermal shutdown protection circuitry n Unity-gain stable n External gain configuration capability * Not recommended for new designs. Contact NSC Audio Marketing. Applications j PO at 1% THD+N with VDD = 5V, 1kHz LM4864LD, 4 load 625mW (typ) LM4864LD, 8 load 725mW (typ) n Cellular phones n Personal computers n General purpose audio Typical Application 01260701 FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit Boomer (R) is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. (c) 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS012607 www.national.com LM4864 725mW Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode September 2004 LM4864 Connection Diagrams MSOP, SOP, and DIP Package 01260702 Top View Order Number LM4864MM, LM4864M or LM4864N* See NS Package Number MUA08A, M08A or N08E* * Not recommended for new designs. Contact NSC Audio Marketing LD Package 01260730 Top View Order Number LM4864LD, See NS Package Number LDA10A DIE LAYOUT (B-STEP) 01260740 LM4864 MDC MWC 725MW AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER WITH SHUTDOWN MODE www.national.com 2 Thermal Resistance If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. 56 C/W 210C/W JC (SOP) 35C/W 6.0V JA (SOP) 170C/W -65C to +150C JC (DIP)* 37C/W -0.3V to VDD + 0.3V JA (DIP)* 107C/W Supply Voltage Storage Temperature JC (MSOP) JA (MSOP) Input Voltage Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally limited ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) 2000V ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 200V Junction Temperature JA (LD) (Note 11) 63C/W JC (LD) (Note 11) 12C/W * Not recommended for new designs. Contact NSC Audio Marketing. 150C Operating Ratings Soldering Information Small Outline Package Vapor Phase (60 sec.) 215C Infrared (15 sec.) 220C Temperature Range TMIN TA TMAX See AN-450 "Surface Mounting and their Effects on Product Reliability" for other methods of soldering surface mount devices. Electrical Characteristics VDD = 5V -40C TA +85C 2.7V VDD 5.5V Supply Voltage (Note 1) (Note 2) The following specifications apply for VDD = 5V, for all available packages, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C LM4864 Symbol Typical (Note 6) Limit (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) VIN = 0V, IO = 0A (Note 9) 3.6 6.0 mA (max) 0.7 5 A (max) 5 50 mV (max) Parameter IDD Quiescent Power Supply Current Conditions ISD Shutdown Current VPIN1 = VDD VOS Output Offset Voltage VIN = 0V PO Output Power THD = 1% (max); f = 1 kHz; RL = 4; LM4864LD (Note 11) 625 mW (min) THD = 1% (max); f = 1 kHz; RL = 8; LM4864LD (Note 11) 725 mW (min) THD = 1% (max); f = 1 kHz; RL = 8; LM4864MM (Note 10) 300 THD = 1% (max); f = 1 kHz; RL = 8; LM4864M and LM4864N* 675 THD+N = 1%; f = 1 kHz; RL = 16; 550 300 mW (min) mW (min) mW THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise PO = 300 mWrms; AVD = 2; RL = 8; 20 Hz f 20 kHz, BW < 80kHz 0.7 % PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio VDD = 4.9V-5.1V 50 dB * Not recommended for new designs. Contact NSC Audio Marketing. Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3V (Note 1) (Note 2) The following specifications apply for VDD = 3V, for all available packages, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C LM4864 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 6) Limit (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) IDD Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN = 0V, IO = 0A (Note 9) 1.0 3.0 mA (max) ISD Shutdown Current VPIN1 = VDD 0.3 2.0 A (max) 3 www.national.com LM4864 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 2) LM4864 Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3V (Note 1) (Note 2) (Continued) The following specifications apply for VDD = 3V, for all available packages, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C LM4864 Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 6) Limit (Notes 7, 8) Units (Limits) VOS Output Offset Voltage VIN = 0V 5 mV PO Output Power THD = 1% (max); f = 1 kHz; RL = 8 200 mW THD+N PSRR Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise Power Supply Rejection Ratio THD = 1% (max); f = 1 kHz; RL = 16 175 mW PO = 100 mWrms; AVD = 2; RL = 8; 20 Hz f 20 kHz, BW < 80 kHz 1.5 % VDD = 2.9V-3.1V 50 dB Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified. Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, JA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA)/JA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4864, TJMAX = 150C. The typical junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, when board mounted, is 230C/W for package number MUA08A, 170C/W for package number M08A and is 107C/W for package number N08E*. Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5k resistor. Note 5: Machine Model, 220pF - 240pF discharged through all pins. Note 6: Typicals are measured at 25C and represent the parametric norm. Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 8: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis. Note 9: The quiescent power supply current depends on the offset voltage when a practical load is connected to the amplifier. Note 10: The MUA08BA package is thermally limited to 595 mW of power dissipation at room temperature. Refering to the Power Dissipation vs Output Power graph in the Typical Performance Characteristics section, the power dissipation limitation for the package occurs at 300 mW of output power. This package limitation is based on 25C ambient temperature and JA = 210C. For higher output power possibilities refer to the Power Dissipation Section. Note 11: The LDA10A package has its exposed-DAP soldered to an exposed 1.2in2 area of 1oz printed circuit board copper. * Not recommended for new designs. Contact NSC Audio Marketing. www.national.com 4 Components LM4864 External Components Description (Figure 1) Functional Description 1. Ri Inverting input resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with RF. This resistor also forms a high pass filter with Ci at fc = 1/(2 RiCI). 2. Ci Input coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifier's input terminals. Also creates a highpass filter with Ri at fc = 1/(2 RiCi). Refer to the section, Proper Selection of External Components, for an explanation of how to determine the value of Ci. 3. RF Feedback resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with Ri. 4. CS Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Power Supply Bypassing section for information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor. 5. CB Bypass pin capacitor which provides half-supply filtering. Refer to the Proper Selection of External Components for information concerning proper placement and selection of CB. Typical Performance Characteristics THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency 01260703 01260704 THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency 01260705 01260706 5 www.national.com LM4864 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency 01260707 01260708 THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power 01260709 01260710 THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power 01260711 www.national.com 01260712 6 LM4864 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power 01260713 01260714 Output Power vs Supply Voltage Output Power vs Supply Voltage 01260716 01260715 Output Power vs Supply Voltage Output Power vs Load Resistance 01260718 01260717 7 www.national.com LM4864 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Power Dissipation vs Output Power Power Derating Curve 01260719 01260720 Dropout Voltage vs Supply Voltage Noise Floor 01260721 01260722 Frequency Response vs Input Capacitor Size Power Supply Rejection Ratio 01260723 www.national.com 01260724 8 LM4864 Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued) Open Loop Frequency Response Supply Current vs Supply Voltage 01260726 01260725 Typical Performance Characteristics for the LM4864LD THD+N vs Frequency (Note 11) THD+N vs Frequency 01260731 01260732 THD+N vs Power Out THD+N vs Power Out 01260733 01260734 9 www.national.com LM4864 Typical Performance Characteristics for the LM4864LD Output Power vs Supply Voltage (Continued) Power Dissipation vs Output Power 01260736 01260735 www.national.com (Note 11) 10 BRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION As shown in Figure 1, the LM4864 has two operational amplifiers internally, allowing for a few different amplifier configurations. The first amplifier's gain is externally configurable, while the second amplifier is internally fixed in a unity-gain, inverting configuration. The closed-loop gain of the first amplifier is set by selecting the ratio of RF to Ri while the second amplifier's gain is fixed by the two internal 10k resistors. Figure 1 shows that the output of amplifier one serves as the input to amplifier two which results in both amplifiers producing signals identical in magnitude, but out of phase 180. Consequently, the differential gain for the IC is AVD = 2*(RF/Ri) By driving the load differentially through outputs Vo1 and Vo2, an amplifier configuration commonly referred to as "bridged mode" is established. Bridged mode operation is different from the classical single-ended amplifier configuration where one side of its load is connected to ground. A bridge amplifier design has a few distinct advantages over the single-ended configuration, as it provides differential drive to the load, thus doubling output swing for a specified supply voltage. Four times the output power is possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the same conditions. This increase in attainable output power assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped. In order to choose an amplifier's closed-loop gain without causing excessive clipping, please refer to the Audio Power Amplifier Design section. A bridge configuration, such as the one used in LM4864, also creates a second advantage over single-ended amplifiers. Since the differential outputs, Vo1 and Vo2, are biased at half-supply, no net DC voltage exists across the load. This eliminates the need for an output coupling capacitor which is required in a single supply, single-ended amplifier configuration. If an output coupling capacitor is not used in a singleended configuration, the half-supply bias across the load would result in both increased internal lC power dissipation as well as permanent loudspeaker damage. EXPOSED-DAP PACKAGE PCB MOUNTING CONSIDERATION The LM4864's exposed-dap (die attach paddle) package (LD) provides a low thermal resistance between the die and the PCB to which the part is mounted and soldered. This allows rapid heat transfer from the die to the surrounding PCB copper traces, ground plane, and surrounding air. The LD package should have its DAP soldered to a copper pad on the PCB. The DAP's PCB copper pad may be connected to a large plane of continuous unbroken copper. This plane forms a thermal mass, heat sink, and radiation area. Further detailed and specific information concerning PCB layout, fabrication, and mounting an LD (LLP) package is available from National Semiconductor's Package Engineering Group under application note AN1187. POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is critical for low noise performance and high power supply rejection. The capacitor location on both the bypass and power supply pins should be as close to the device as possible. The effect of a larger half supply bypass capacitor is improved PSRR due to increased half-supply stability. Typical applications employ a 5V regulator with 10 F and a 0.1 F bypass capacitors which aid in supply stability, but do not eliminate the need for bypassing the supply nodes of the LM4864. The selection of bypass capacitors, especially CB, is thus dependent upon desired PSRR requirements, click and pop performance as explained in the section, Proper Selection of External Components, system cost, and size constraints. POWER DISSIPATION Power dissipation is a major concern when designing a successful amplifier, whether the amplifier is bridged or single-ended. Equation 1 states the maximum power dissipation point for a bridge amplifier operating at a given supply voltage and driving a specified output load. Single-Ended (1) PDMAX = (VDD)2/(22RL) However, a direct consequence of the increased power delivered to the load by a bridge amplifier is an increase in internal power dissipation point for a bridge amplifier operating at the same conditions. Bridge Mode (2) PDMAX = 4(VDD)2/(22RL) Since the LM4864 has two operational amplifiers in one package, the maximum internal power dissipation is 4 times that of a single-ended amplifier. Even with this substantial increase in power dissipation, the LM4864 does not require heatsinking. From Equation 1, assuming a 5V power supply and an 8 load, the maximum power dissipation point is 633 mW. The maximum power dissipation point obtained from Equation 2 must not be greater than the power dissipation that results from Equation 3: (3) PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA)/JA SHUTDOWN FUNCTION In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the LM4864 contains a shutdown pin to externally turn off the amplifier's bias circuitry. This shutdown feature turns the amplifier off when a logic high is placed on the shutdown pin. The trigger point between a logic low and logic high level is typically half supply. It is best to switch between ground and supply to provide maximum device performance. By switching the shutdown pin to VDD, the LM4864 supply current 11 www.national.com LM4864 For package MUA08A, JA = 210C/W, for package M08A, JA = 170C/W, for package N08E, JA = 107C/W, and for package LDA10A, JA = 63C/W. TJMAX = 150C for the LM4864. Depending on the ambient temperature, TA, of the system surroundings, Equation 3 can be used to find the maximum internal power dissipation supported by the IC packaging. If the result of Equation 2 is greater than that of Equation 3, then either the supply voltage must be decreased, the load impedance increased, the ambient temperature reduced, or the JA reduced with heatsinking. In many cases larger traces near the output, VDD, and GND pins can be used to lower the JA. The larger areas of copper provide a form of heatsinking allowing a higher power dissipation. For the typical application of a 5V power supply, with an 8 load, the maximum ambient temperature possible without violating the maximum junction temperature is approximately 44C provided that device operation is around the maximum power dissipation point and assuming surface mount packaging. Internal power dissipation is a function of output power. If typical operation is not around the maximum power dissipation point, the ambient temperature can be increased. Refer to the Typical Performance Characteristics curves for power dissipation information for lower output powers. Application Information LM4864 Application Information less and popless shutdown function. While the device will function properly, (no oscillations or motorboating), with CB equal to 0.1 F, the device will be much more susceptible to turn-on clicks and pops. Thus, a value of CB equal to 1.0 F or larger is recommended in all but the most cost sensitive designs. (Continued) draw will be minimized in idle mode. While the device will be disabled with shutdown pin voltages less than VDD, the idle current may be greater than the typical value of 0.7 A. In either case, the shutdown pin should be tied to a definite voltage to avoid unwanted state changes. In many applications, a microcontroller or microprocessor output is used to control the shutdown circuitry which provides a quick, smooth transition into shutdown. Another solution is to use a single-pole, single-throw switch in conjunction with an external pull-up resistor. When the switch is closed, the shutdown pin is connected to ground and enables the amplifier. If the switch is open, then the external pull-up resistor will disable the LM4864. This scheme guarantees that the shutdown pin will not float, thus preventing unwanted state changes. AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN Design a 300 mW/8 Audio Amplifier Given: Power Output Load Impedance 8 Input Level 1 Vrms Input Impedance Bandwidth PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS Proper selection of external components in applications using integrated power amplifiers is critical to optimize device and system performance. While the LM4864 is tolerant to a variety of external component combinations, consideration to component values must be used to maximize overall system quality. The LM4864 is unity-gain stable, giving a designer maximum system flexibility. The LM4864 should be used in low gain configurations to minimize THD+N values, and maximize the signal to noise ratio. Low gain configurations require large input signals to obtain a given output power. Input signals equal to or greater than 1 Vrms are available from sources such as audio codecs. Please refer to the section, Audio Power Amplifier Design, for a more complete explanation of proper gain selection. 20 k 100 Hz-20 kHz 0.25 dB A designer must first determine the minimum supply rail to obtain the specified output power. By extrapolating from the Output Power vs Supply Voltage graphs in the Typical Performance Characteristics section, the supply rail can be easily found. A second way to determine the minimum supply rail is to calculate the required Vopeak using Equation 4 and add the dropout voltage. Using this method, the minimum supply voltage would be (Vopeak + (2*VOD)), where VOD is extrapolated from the Dropout Voltage vs Supply Voltage curve in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. (4) Using the Output Power vs Supply Voltage graph for an 8 load, the minimum supply rail is 3.5V. But since 5V is a standard supply voltage in most applications, it is chosen for the supply rail. Extra supply voltage creates headroom that allows the LM4864 to reproduce peaks in excess of 500 mW without producing audible distortion. At this time, the designer must make sure that the power supply choice along with the output impedance does not violate the conditions explained in the Power Dissipation section. Once the power dissipation equations have been addressed, the required differential gain can be determined from Equation 5. Besides gain, one of the major considerations is the closedloop bandwidth of the amplifier. To a large extent, the bandwidth is dictated by the choice of external components shown in Figure 1. The input coupling capacitor, Ci, forms a first order high pass filter which limits low frequency response. This value should be chosen based on needed frequency response for a few distinct reasons. Selection of Input Capacitor Size Large input capacitors are both expensive and space hungry for portable designs. Clearly, a certain sized capacitor is needed to couple in low frequencies without severe attenuation. But in many cases the speakers used in portable systems, whether internal or external, have little ability to reproduce signals below 150 Hz. In this case using a large input capacitor may not increase system performance. In addition to system cost and size, click and pop performance is effected by the size of the input coupling capacitor, Ci. A larger input coupling capacitor requires more charge to reach its quiescent DC voltage (nominally 12 VDD). This charge comes from the output via the feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable. Thus, by minimizing the capacitor size based on necessary low frequency response, turn-on pops can be minimized. Besides minimizing the input capacitor size, careful consideration should be paid to the bypass capacitor value. Bypass capacitor, CB, is the most critical component to minimize turn-on pops since it determines how fast the LM4864 turns on. The slower the LM4864's outputs ramp to their quiescent DC voltage (nominally 12 VDD), the smaller the turn-on pop. Choosing CB equal to 1.0 F along with a small value of Ci (in the range of 0.1 F to 0.39 F), should produce a clickwww.national.com 300 mWrms (5) (6) RF/Ri = AVD/2 From Equation 5, the minimum AVD is 1.55; use AVD = 2. Since the desired input impedance was 20 k, and with a AVD of 2, a ratio of 1:1 of RF to Ri results in an allocation of Ri = RF = 20 k. The final design step is to address the bandwidth requirements which must be stated as a pair of -3 dB frequency points. Five times away from a pole gives 0.17 dB down from passband response which is better than the required 0.25 dB specified. fL = 100 Hz/5 = 20 Hz fH = 20 kHz x 5 = 100 kHz As stated in the External Components section, Ri in conjunction with Ci create a highpass filter. Ci 1/(2*20 k*20 Hz) = 0.397 F; 12 use 0.39 F = 100 kHz which is much smaller than the LM4864 GBWP of 18 MHz. This figure displays that if a designer has a need to design an amplifier with a higher differential gain, the LM4864 can still be used without running into bandwidth problems. (Continued) The high frequency pole is determined by the product of the desired high frequency pole, fH, and the differential gain, AVD. With a AVD = 2 and fH = 100 kHz, the resulting GBWP LM4864LD DEMO BOARD ARTWORK 01260737 01260738 Silk Screen View of LM4864LD Top Layer of LM4864LD 01260739 Bottom Layer of LM4864LD 13 www.national.com LM4864 Application Information LM4864 LM4864 MDC MWC 725MW Audio Power Amplifier With Shutdown Mode 01260740 Die Layout (B - Step) DIE/WAFER CHARACTERISTICS Fabrication Attributes General Die Information Physical Die Identification LM4862B Bond Pad Opening Size (min) 86m x 86m Die Step B Bond Pad Metalization ALUMINUM Physical Attributes Passivation NITRIDE Wafer Diameter 150mm Back Side Metal Bare Back Dise Size (Drawn) 1283m x 952m 51mils x 37mils Back Side Connection GND Thickness 406m Nominal Min Pitch 117m Nominal Special Assembly Requirements: Note: Actual die size is rounded to the nearest micron. Die Bond Pad Coordinate Locations (B - Step) (Referenced to die center, coordinates in m) NC = No Connection SIGNAL NAME PAD# NUMBER X/Y COORDINATES PAD SIZE X Y X Y BYPASS 1 -322 523 86 x 86 GND 2 -359 259 86 x 188 INPUT + 3 -359 5 86 x 86 GND 4 -359 -259 86 x 188 NC 5 -323 -523 86 x 86 INPUT - 6 -109 -523 86 x 86 VOUT 1 7 8 -523 86 x 86 VDD 8 358 -78 86 x 188 GND 9 358 141 86 x 188 NC 10 359 406 86 x 86 NC 11 323 523 86 x 86 VOUT 2 12 8 523 86 x 86 SHUTDOWN 13 -109 523 86 x 86 www.national.com 14 LM4864 LM4864 MDC MWC 725MW Audio Power Amplifier With Shutdown Mode (Continued) IN U.S.A Tel #: 1 877 Dial Die 1 877 342 5343 Fax: 1 207 541 6140 IN EUROPE Tel: 49 (0) 8141 351492 / 1495 Fax: 49 (0) 8141 351470 IN ASIA PACIFIC Tel: (852) 27371701 IN JAPAN Tel: 81 043 299 2308 15 www.national.com LM4864 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 8-Lead (0.150" Wide) Molded Small Outline Package, JEDEC Order Number LM4864M NS Package Number M08A www.national.com 16 LM4864 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) 8-Lead (0.300" Wide) Molded Dual-In-Line Package Order Number LM4864N* NS Package Number N08E* * Not recommended for new designs. Contact NSC Audio Marketing. 8-Lead (0.118" Wide) Molded Mini Small Outline Package Order Number LM4864MM NS Package Number MUA08A 17 www.national.com LM4864 725mW Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Order Number LM4864LD NS Package Number LDA10A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. 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National Semiconductor Americas Customer Support Center Email: new.feedback@nsc.com Tel: 1-800-272-9959 www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Customer Support Center Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: europe.support@nsc.com Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Francais Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Support Center Email: ap.support@nsc.com National Semiconductor Japan Customer Support Center Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 Email: jpn.feedback@nsc.com Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. 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