MAX5936/MAX5937
-48V Hot-Swap Controllers with VIN
Step Immunity and No RSENSE
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The margin of VOUT with respect to VSC and VCB was set
when VSC and VCB were selected from the three avail-
able ranges. This margin may be lower at one of the tem-
perature extremes and if so, that value should be used in
the following discussion. These margins will be called
∆VCB and ∆VSC and they represent the minimum VOUT
excursion required to trip the respective fault.
To set τSTEP to block all VCB and VSC faults for any
ramp rate, find the ratio of ∆VSTEP_MON to ∆VCB and
choose τSTEP so:
τSTEP = 1.2 x τCx ∆VSTEP_MON / ∆VCB
And since RSTEP_MON = 100kΩ. This results in
CSTEP_MON = τSTEP / 100kΩ.
After the first-pass component selection, if sufficient
timing margin exists (see Appendix B), it is possible but
not necessary to lower RSTEP_MON below 100kΩto
reduce the sensitivity of STEP_MON to VIN noise.
Appendix B gives a more complete analysis and dis-
cussion of the step monitor function. It provides meth-
ods for the characterization of the load response to a
VIN ramp and graphical verification of the step monitor
timing margins for a set of design parameters.
Selecting the PGOOD (
PGOOD
)
Pullup Resistor
Due to the open-drain driver, PGOOD (PGOOD) requires
an external pullup resistor to GND. This resistor should be
selected to minimize the current load while PGOOD
(PGOOD) is low. The PGOOD output specification for VOL
is 0.4V at 1mA. As described in the Detailed Description,
the external pullup interferes with the ability of PGOOD
(PGOOD) to follow positive VIN steps as well as if it were
driven by an active pullup. When PGOOD (PGOOD) is
asserted high, an apparent negative glitch appears at
PGOOD during a positive VIN step. To minimize this
negative transient it may be necessary to increase the
pullup current and/or to add a small amount of capaci-
tance from PGOOD (PGOOD) to GND to compensate for
the pin capacitance.
Setting the Test Current Level for
Load-Probe Test
The load-probe test is a current test of the load that
avoids turning on the power MOSFET. The MAX5936/
MAX5937 have an internal switch (Q1 in Figure 14) that
pulls current through the load and through an external
current-limiting resistor, RLP. During the test, this switch is
pulsed on for up to 220ms (typ). Current is pulled through
the load, which should charge up the load capacitance
unless there is a short. If the voltage across the load
exceeds 200mV, the test is truncated and normal power-
up is allowed to proceed. If the voltage across the load
does not reach 200mV in the 220ms period that the
current is on, the load is assumed to be shorted and the
current to the load from the LP pin is shut off. The
MAX5936A_/MAX5937A_ time out for 16 x tLP then retry
the load-probe test. The MAX5936L_/MAX5937L_ latch
the fault condition indefinitely until the UVLO is brought
below 1.125V for 1.5ms or the power is recycled.
In the application, the current-limiting resistor should be
selected to minimize the current pulled through the load
while guaranteeing that it charges the maximum expected
load capacitance to 220mV in 80ms. These parameters
are the maximum load-probe test voltage and the mini-
mum load-probe current pulse period, respectively. The
maximum current possible is 1A, which is adequate to test
a load capacitance as large as 170,000µF over the typical
telecom operating voltage range.
ITEST (A) = CLOAD,MAX (F) x 220mV / 80ms
Since the minimum intended VIN for the application
results in the lowest ITEST, during the load-probe test,
this VIN,MIN should be used to set the RLP. This voltage
will likely be near VON,FALLING or VOFF for the applica-
tion.
RTEST(Ω) = VIN,MIN / ITEST = VIN,MIN x 80ms /
(CLOAD(MAX) x 220mV)
Example: VIN operating range = 36V to 72V, CLOAD =
10,000µF. First, find the RTEST, which will guarantee a
successful test of the load.
RLP = 36V x 80ms / (10,000µF x 220mV) = 1,309Ω⇒
1.30kΩ±1%
Next, evaluate the RLP at the maximum operating volt-
age to verify that it will not exceed the 1A current limit
for the load-probe test:
ITEST,MAX = VIN,MAX / RLP = 72V / 1.30kΩ= 55.4mA
If the CLOAD(MAX) is increased to 170,000µF, the test
current will approach the limit. In this case, RTEST will
be a much lower value and must include the internal
switch resistance. To find the external series resistor
value that will guarantee a successful test at the lowest
supply voltage, the maximum value for the load-probe
switch on-resistance of 11Ωshould be used:
RLP,TOT = 36V x 80ms / (170,000µF x 220mV)
= 77Ω= 11Ω+ RLP
RLP = 77Ω- 11Ω= 66Ω⇒66.5Ω±1%
Again RLP must be evaluated at the maximum operat-
ing voltage to verify that it will not exceed the 1A cur-
rent limit for the load-probe test. In this case, the
minimum value for the load-probe switch on-resistance
of 6Ωshould be used:
ITEST,MAX = VIN,MAX / RLP,TOT = 72V / (66.5Ω+ 6Ω)
= 993mA