APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs 2 - FEATURES AND BENEFITS DESCRIPTION * Flexible and easy-to-use sensor for motors/encoders * ISO 26262:2011 / ASIL A functional safety compliance * 2D magnetic sensing via planar and vertical Hall elements Quadrature independent of magnet pole pitch and air gap--no target optimization required Works in almost any orientation to the target (XY, ZX, and ZY options) * Reduces accumulation of lost counts/pulses System can restore correct state after power-cycling (-P option) * Dual outputs of quadrature or speed/direction signals * High magnetic sensitivity * Optimized for applications with regulated power rails Operation from 2.8 to 5.5 V * Automotive grade/qualified per AEC-Q100 TJ up to 175C Output short-circuit protection Resistant to physical stress * Small size The APS12625 and APS12626 integrated circuits are dual ultrasensitive Hall-effect latches optimized for use with ring magnets. They feature both vertical and planar Hall elements with sensing axes that are orthogonal to one another, providing 90 of phase separation. This phase separation is inherently independent of magnet pole spacing and air gap. No target optimization is required, making them extremely flexible and easy to use. For example, the ring magnet pole-pitch can be changed without having to modify the sensor position or other mechanical design details. Additionally, XY, ZX, and ZY options are available to work in almost any orientation to the target. The APS12625 features Speed and Direction outputs, while the APS12626 has quadrature outputs (Channel A/B). A unique feature allows the host system to restore the correct state after power-cycling the device (-P option). This reduces the potential accumulation of lost counts/pulses when the device wakes up with one or more sensors in its hysteresis region. Continued on the next page... TYPICAL APPLICATIONS * Automotive * Motorized window Power closures/actuators blinds Electronic power steering * White goods Seat/window/sunroof motors Trunk/door/liftgate motors * Industrial motors/encoders * Garage door openers PACKAGE 5-Pin SOT23-W (Suffix LH) Not to scale VDD Y Hall Z Hall POS Logic To All Subcircuits OUTPUTA Low-Pass Filter Amp Sample, Hold, & Averaging Demultiplexer / Speed and Direction / Quadrature Logic X Hall Dynamic Offset Cancellation & Multiplexer Power-On Reset POS Logic OUTPUTB GND Functional Block Diagram APS12625-6-DS, Rev. 1 MCO-0000340 December 19, 2018 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs DESCRIPTION (continued) On a single silicon chip, these devices include: three Hall plates (one planar and two vertical), a multiplexer, a small-signal amplifier, chopper stabilization, a Schmitt trigger, and two NMOS output transistors which can sink up to 10 mA continuously. They operate from a regulated supply voltage of 2.8 to 5.5 V and have been qualified beyond the requirements of AEC-Q100 grade 0 for operation up to 175C junction temperature. The small geometries of the BiCMOS process allow these devices to be offered in an ultrasmall package. Package designator "LH" indicates a modified SOT23-W surface-mount package. This package is RoHS compliant and lead (Pb) free, with 100% matte tin leadframe plating. SELECTION GUIDE Complete Part Number Format Allegro Iden er (Device Family) APS Device Type 1262 X Output Type 5 - Pin 1, Direc on of target movement Pin 2, Speed of target movement 6 - Pin 1, Output from X or Y Hall channel* Pin 2, Output from Y or Z Hall channel* Configura on Op ons Speed & Direc on Quadrature APS APS 12625 - 12626 * Corresponding output signal depends on selected Sensing Axes Power-on State (POS) _ - POS is HIGH P - POS is user se able Temperature Coefficient (TC) A - Flat F - Ferrite Sensing Axes RoHS A - X and Y axis COMPLIANT B - Z and X axis C - Z and Y axis Instruc ons (Packing) LT - 7-in. reel, 3,000 pieces/reel (LH Only) LX - 13-in. reel, 10,000 pieces/reel (LH Only) Package Designa on LHA - 5-pin SOT23W Surface Mount Opera ng Temperature Range L - -40C to +150C ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Unit 6 V Forward Supply Voltage VDD Reverse Supply Voltage VRDD -0.3 V B Unlimited G Output Off Voltage VOUT 6 V Output Current IOUT Magnetic Flux Density Maximum Junction Temperature Storage Temperature TJ(MAX) Tstg Through short-circuit current-limiting device For 500 hours 45 mA 165 C 175 C -65 to 170 C Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 2 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS: May require derating at maximum conditions; see application information Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Unit RJA Package LH-5 4-layer board based on the JEDEC standard JESD51-7 124 C/W Package Thermal Resistance Power Dissipation, PD (mW) * Additional thermal information available on the Allegro website. 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 4-L ay er P (R CB, J P A= 12 ack 4C ag /W e LH ) -5 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Temperature (C) Maximum Power Dissipation versus Ambient Temperature Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 3 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs PINOUT DIAGRAMS, TERMINAL LIST, AND OUTPUT OPTION TABLES z y GND GND VDD 5 4 3 Vertical Hall (X) Vertical Hall (Y) Planar Hall (Z) x 1 2 OUTPUTA OUTPUTB Package LH, 5-Pin SOT23-W Terminal List Table Number Symbol 1 OUTPUTA See output option table 2 OUTPUTB See output option table 3 VDD Connects power supply to chip 4 GND Ground [1] 5 GND Ground [1] [1] Description Only one GND connection is required; other GND pin can float or also be tied to GND. Output Option Table Device APS12625 APS12626 [2] Order Option [2] Sensing Axes A XY B ZX OUTPUT A (Pin 1) OUTPUTB (Pin 2) Speed of target movement Direction of target movement X channel output Y channel output C ZY A XY B ZX Z channel output X channel output C ZY Z channel output Y channel output See Selection Guide. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 4 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Valid over full operating voltage and ambient temperature range TA = -40C to 150C, unless otherwise specified Characteristics Supply Voltage Output Leakage Current Symbol VDD IOUTOFF Test Conditions Operating, TJ TJ(max) Min. Typ. [1] Max. Unit 2.8 - 5.5 V B < BRP - - 10 A Output On Voltage VOUT(SAT) IOUT = 2 mA, B > BOP - 180 500 mV Output Off Voltage VOUT(OFF) OUTA and OUTB are open-drain; application sets output off voltage - - 5.5 V - 3 4.5 mA Value used during characterization - 5 - mA - - 10 mA VDD = 5.5 V, TJ TJ(max) 15 - 45 mA s Supply Current IDD Output Current IOUT Output Sink Current Output Short-Circuit Current Limit IOUTPUT(SINK) IOM Output Rise Time [2][3] tr CLOAD = 20 pF, RLOAD = 820 - 0.2 - Output Fall Time [2][3] tf CLOAD = 20 pF, RLOAD = 820 - 0.1 - s Both outputs, APS12625 - 150 300 s Both outputs, APS12626 - 50 100 s 100 - - s Power-On Time Power-On State External Input Power-On State, Output A and B tON tPOS_input Hold time for external POS setting signal, -P option only; see Figure 10 POS High - Delay Between Direction and Speed Pin Update tdir-to-speed Only valid for APS12625 2.8 4.0 8 s Speed Pin Input Low Level Channel A / B Input Low Level VIN(LOW) For APS12625 -P option For APS12626 -P option - - 0.8 V Speed Pin Input High Level Channel A / B Input High Level VIN(HIGH) For APS12625 -P option For APS12626 -P option 2.0 - - V Typical data are at TA = 25C and VDD = 4 V. Power-on time, rise time, and fall time are guaranteed through device characterization. [3] C LOAD = oscilloscope probe capacitance. [1] [2] Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 5 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS: Valid over full operating voltage and temperature ranges, unless otherwise specified Characteristics Operate Point [3] Symbol BOP(A), BOP(B) Test Conditions TC = 0 Min. Typ. [1] Max. Unit [2] TA = -40C 12 27.8 44 G TA = 25C 11 25.0 41 G TA = 150C 1 19.7 39 G 1 21 40 G TA = -40C -44 -27.8 -12 G TA = 25C -41 -25.0 -11 G TA = 150C -39 -19.7 -1 G -40 -21 -1 G TC = 1 Release Point [3] BRP(A), BRP(B) TC = 0 TC = 1 Hysteresis (BOP - BRP) BHYS(A), BHYS(B) TC = 0 TA = -40C 38 55.5 72 G TA = 25C 35 50.0 66 G TA = 150C 25 39.4 54 G 25 42 65 G TC = 1 Symmetry: Channel A, Channel B, BOP(A) + BRP(A), BOP(B) + BRP(B) BSYM(A), BSYM(B) -35 - 35 G Operate Symmetry: BOP(A) - BOP(B) BSYM(AB,OP) -15 - 15 G Release Symmetry: BRP(A) - BRP(B) BSYM(AB,RP) -15 - 15 G TC = 0, APS12625-F, APS12626-F - -0.17 - % / C TC = 1, APS12625, APS12626 - 0 - % / C Temperature Coefficient TC Typical data are at TA = 25C and VDD = 4 V. G (gauss) = 0.1 mT (millitesla) [3] Applicable to all directions (X, Y, and Z). [1] [2] 1 N S N N S S Y X South polarity magnetic fields, in the orientations illustrated (right), are considered positive fields. Z Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 6 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Electrical Characteristics Output On Voltage vs. Temperature IOUT = 2 mA, B > BOP Output On Voltage, VOUT(SAT) (mV) 500 450 400 350 300 250 VSAT(A) 200 VSAT(B) 150 100 50 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Supply Current (XY) vs. Supply Voltage Supply Current (XY) vs. Temperature 4.5 4 4 3.5 3.5 Supply Current, IDD (mA) Supply Current, IDD (mA) 4.5 3 2.5 2 2.8 V 1.5 4.0 V 1 5.5 V 2 0 50 100 25C 1 0 -50 -40C 1.5 150C 0.5 0.5 0 3 2.5 150 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 5 5.5 6 4.5 4 4 3.5 3.5 Supply Current, IDD (mA) Supply Current, IDD (mA) 4.5 Supply Current (ZX & ZY) vs. Supply Voltage Supply Current (ZX & ZY) vs. Temperature 4.5 3 2.5 2 2.8 V 1.5 4.0 V 1 5.5 V 3 2.5 2 -40C 1.5 25C 1 150C 0.5 0.5 0 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 100 150 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 7 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Electrical Characteristics (continued) Output Leakage Current vs. Temperature Output Leakage Current, IOUTOFF (A) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 IOUTOFF(A) 3 IOUTOFF(B) 2 1 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Output Current Limit vs. Temperature Output Current Limit, IOM (mA) 45 40 35 30 IOM(A) 25 IOM(B) 20 15 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 8 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) Operate Point vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) 40 35 30 25 20 15 BOP(A) 10 BOP(B) 5 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage 40 40 35 35 Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage 30 25 20 15 -40C 25C 150C 10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 30 25 20 15 -40C 25C 150C 10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 9 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued) Release Point vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 BRP(A) -30 BRP(B) -35 -40 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage 0 -5 Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) 0 -10 -15 -20 -25 -40C 25C 150C -30 -35 -40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -40C 25C 150C -30 -35 -40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 10 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued) Hysteresis vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G) 80 70 60 50 40 30 BHYS(A) 20 BHYS(B) 10 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage 80 70 70 Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G) Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G) Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage 80 60 50 40 30 -40C 25C 150C 20 10 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 60 50 40 30 -40C 25C 150C 20 10 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 11 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued) Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage 35 25 25 Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature 35 15 5 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -15 -25 -35 -50 0 50 100 15 5 -5 -25 -35 150 -40C 25C 150C -15 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 25 25 15 5 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -15 -25 -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 4.5 5 5.5 6 Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage 35 Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature 35 -35 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 100 150 15 5 -5 -40C 25C 150C -15 -25 -35 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 12 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued) Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature 15 10 5 0 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -10 -15 -50 0 50 100 150 15 10 5 0 -5 -40C 25C 150C -10 -15 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 10 5 0 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -10 -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 4.5 5 5.5 6 Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature 15 -15 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 100 150 15 10 5 0 -5 -40C 25C 150C -10 -15 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 13 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) Operate Point vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) 40 35 30 25 20 15 BOP(A) 10 BOP(B) 5 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage 40 40 35 35 Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage 30 25 20 15 -40C 25C 150C 10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 30 25 20 15 -40C 25C 150C 10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 14 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued) Release Point vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 BRP(A) -30 BRP(B) -35 -40 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage 0 -5 Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) 0 -10 -15 -20 -25 -40C 25C 150C -30 -35 -40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -40C 25C 150C -30 -35 -40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 15 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued) Hysteresis vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G) 80 70 60 50 40 30 BHYS(A) 20 BHYS(B) 10 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage 80 80 70 70 Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G) Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G) Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage 60 50 40 30 -40C 25C 150C 20 10 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 60 50 40 30 -40C 25C 150C 20 10 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 16 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued) Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage 35 25 25 Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature 35 15 5 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -15 -25 -35 -50 0 50 100 15 5 -5 -25 -35 150 -40C 25C 150C -15 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 25 25 15 5 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -15 -25 -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 4.5 5 5.5 6 Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage 35 Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature 35 -35 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 100 150 15 5 -5 -40C 25C 150C -15 -25 -35 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 17 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued) Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature 15 10 5 0 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -10 -15 -50 0 50 100 150 15 10 5 0 -5 -40C 25C 150C -10 -15 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 10 5 0 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -10 -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 4.5 5 5.5 6 Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature 15 -15 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 100 150 15 10 5 0 -5 -40C 25C 150C -10 -15 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 18 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) Operate Point vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) 40 35 30 25 20 15 BOP(A) 10 BOP(B) 5 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage 40 40 35 35 Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage 30 25 20 15 -40C 25C 150C 10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 30 25 20 15 -40C 25C 150C 10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 19 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued) Release Point vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 BRP(A) -30 BRP(B) -35 -40 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage 0 -5 Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) 0 -10 -15 -20 -25 -40C 25C 150C -30 -35 -40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -40C 25C 150C -30 -35 -40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 20 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued) Hysteresis vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G) 80 70 60 50 40 30 BHYS(A) 20 BHYS(B) 10 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage 80 70 70 Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G) Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G) Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage 80 60 50 40 30 -40C 25C 150C 20 10 0 60 50 40 30 -40C 25C 150C 20 10 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 21 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued) Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage 35 25 25 Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature 35 15 5 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -15 -25 -35 -50 0 50 100 15 5 -5 -25 -35 150 -40C 25C 150C -15 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 25 25 15 5 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -15 -25 -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 4.5 5 5.5 6 Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage 35 Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature 35 -35 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 100 150 15 5 -5 -40C 25C 150C -15 -25 -35 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 22 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued) Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature 15 10 5 0 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -10 -15 -50 0 50 100 150 15 10 5 0 -5 -40C 25C 150C -10 -15 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 10 5 0 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -10 -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 4.5 5 5.5 6 Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature 15 -15 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 100 150 15 10 5 0 -5 -40C 25C 150C -10 -15 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 23 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) Operate Point vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) 40 35 30 25 20 15 BOP(A) 10 BOP(B) 5 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage 40 35 35 Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G) Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage 40 30 25 20 15 -40C 25C 150C 10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 30 25 20 15 -40C 25C 150C 10 5 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 24 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued) Release Point vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 BRP(A) -30 BRP(B) -35 -40 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage 0 0 -5 -5 Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G) Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -40C 25C 150C -35 -40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 -10 -15 -20 -25 -40C 25C 150C -30 -35 -40 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 25 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued) Hysteresis vs. Temperature VDD = 2.8 V Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G) 80 70 60 50 40 30 BHYS(A) 20 BHYS(B) 10 0 -50 0 50 100 150 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage 80 80 70 70 Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G) Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G) Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage 60 50 40 30 -40C 25C 150C 20 10 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 5 5.5 6 60 50 40 30 -40C 25C 150C 20 10 0 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 26 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued) Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage 35 25 25 Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature 35 15 5 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -15 -25 -35 -50 0 50 100 15 5 -5 -25 -35 150 -40C 25C 150C -15 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 25 25 15 5 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -15 -25 -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 4.5 5 5.5 6 Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage 35 Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G) Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature 35 -35 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 100 150 15 5 -5 -40C 25C 150C -15 -25 -35 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 27 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs CHARACTERISTIC DATA Magnetic Characteristics Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued) Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature 15 10 5 0 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -10 -15 -50 0 50 100 150 15 10 5 0 -5 -40C 25C 150C -10 -15 2.5 3 3.5 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 10 5 0 -5 2.8 V 4.0 V 5.5 V -10 -50 0 50 Ambient Temperature, TA (C) 4.5 5 5.5 6 Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G) Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature 15 -15 4 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) 100 150 15 10 5 0 -5 -40C 25C 150C -10 -15 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Supply Voltage, VDD (V) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 28 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Removal of the magnetic field will leave the device output latched on if the last crossed switchpoint is BOP, or latched off if the last crossed switchpoint is BRP. V+ Switch to High Outputs The Speed (SPD) output is the XOR of the output of the two active Hall elements, providing two times the resolution of a single channel, while the direction (DIR) output provides the direction of the target. The direction output, DIR, is always updated before SPD, according to tdir-to-speed. It is updated on every transition of either Hall sensor, allowing the use of updown counters without loss of pulses. QUADRATURE The APS12626 offers individual outputs of the two active Hall sensors, referred to here as Channel A and Channel B. The Output Option Table indicates which Hall sensing element corresponds to "Channel A" and "Channel B" in each configuration. B- BRP Internal logic circuitry of the APS12625 provides outputs representing the speed and direction of the magnetic field across the package. VOUT(ON) 0 BOP SPEED AND DIRECTION VOUT(OFF) Switch to Low With dual-planar Hall sensors, the ring magnet must be properly designed and optimized for the physical Hall element spacing (distance) to have the two channels in quadrature or 90 degrees out of phase. With the APS12625/6, which uses one planar and one vertical Hall-effect sensing element, or two vertical Halleffect sensing elements perpendicular to one another, no target optimization is required. When the face of the IC is facing the ring magnet, the planar Hall senses the magnet poles and the vertical Hall senses the transition between poles; therefore, the two channels will inherently be in quadrature, regardless of the ring-magnet pole spacing. The same is true in the dual-vertical Hall configuration, with the vertical Hall element facing the magnet poles sensing the magnet IC poles and the other vertical Hall element sensing the transitions between poles. The quadrature relationship allows for the direction signal to be appropriately updated. The Channel A and Channel B outputs of the APS12626 switch low (turn on) when the corresponding Hall element is presented with a perpendicular south magnetic field of sufficient strength (>BOP). The device outputs switch high (turn off) when the strength of a perpendicular north magnetic field exceeds the release point (BRP). The difference in the magnetic operate and release points is the hysteresis (BHYS) of the device. See Figure 1. VOUTPUT 2-Dimensional Sensing B+ BHYS Figure 1: Switching Behavior of Latches On the horizontal axis, the B+ direction indicates increasing south polarity magnetic field strength, and the B- direction indicates decreasing south polarity field strength (including the case of increasing north polarity) This built-in hysteresis allows clean switching of the output even in the presence of external mechanical vibration and electrical noise. The outputs will power-on in the high output state, even when powering-on in the hysteresis region, between BOP and BRP for both versions of the device, with and without the power-on state setting feature. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 29 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Operation With dual-planar Hall sensors, the ring magnet must be properly designed and optimized for the physical Hall spacing (distance) for the outputs of the two latches to be in quadrature, or 90 degrees out of phase. With the APS12625 and APS12626, no target optimization is required. When the face of the IC is facing the ring magnet, the planar Hall senses the magnet poles and the vertical Hall senses the transition between poles; therefore, the two channels will inherently be in quadrature, regardless of the ring-magnet pole spacing. Figure 2 shows a ring magnet optimized for the E1-to-E2 spacing dual planar of a dual-planar sensor, resulting in quadrature, or 90 degrees phase separation between channels. This same target also results in quadrature for the 2D sensing APS12625/6. However when a different ring magnet is used which is not optimized for the E1-to-E2 spacing, the dual-planar sensor exhibits diminished phase separation, making signal processing the outputs into speed and direction less robust. Using a different ring-magnet geometry has no effect on the APS12625/6, and the two channels remain in quadrature (see Figure 3). The relationship of the various signals and the typical system timing is shown in Figure 4. APS12625/6 Dual Planar Sensor APS12626 Figure 2: Ring magnet optimized for a dual-planar Hall-effect sensor resulting in output quadrature also results in quadrature for the APS12625/6. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 30 APS12625 and APS12626 dual planar 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs APS12625/6 Dual Planar Sensor APS12626 Figure 3: Ring magnet not optimized for a dual-planar Hall-effect sensor resulting in significantly reduced output phase separation, however still results in quadrature for the APS12625/6. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 31 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Output Response to a Speed and Direction Part 2 Clockwise Rotation 1 Bx By Counterclockwise Rotation By Time (s) Bx Vertical Time (s) Planar 3 Bx APS12626 4 Speed Time (s) tdir-to-speed Direction APS12625 Time (s) Time (s) Figure 4: Typical System Timing The two active Hall signals represent the magnetic input signal, which is converted to the device outputs, OUTPUTA and OUTPUTB, respectively for the Quadrature Output configuration. If the Speed and Direction option is selected, the outputs will reflect Direction and Speed. The Direction output will update before Speed output by tdir-to-speed. Only one case is shown above; however, the Direction output will indicate a direction change after any one channel has two consecutive output transitions without the other channel having any output transitions. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 32 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Sampling Cycle Channel A Channel B Channel A Channel B Channel A Channel B Channel A Channel B Channel A Channel B t BOP(A) 0 BRP(A) t BOP(B) 0 BRP(B) t Signal OUTA 0 t Signal OUTB 0 Sampling Cycle Channel B t Channel A Channel B Sampling Cycle Channel A Channel B Channel A Channel B Channel A t t BOP(A) BOP(A) 0 BRP(A) t Signal OUTA 0 0 BRP(A) t Signal OUTA t 0 t Figure 5: Output signal updating with respect to the channel sampling The two active channels are multiplexed with a typical 20 s sampling period per channel. If the magnetic signal crosses the respective BOP or BRP of a particular channel, that channel's output will not be updated until the end of its sampling period. If the signal crosses the thresholds while the alternate channel is sampling, the update will occur at the end of the next sampling period (as long as the signal does not cross back over the thresholds). This is illustrated in Figure 5. The sampling error introduced by the multiplexing increases with magnetic input frequency, which can affect the output duty cycle and phase separation between outputs. Contact your Allegro field applications engineer (FAE) for more information regarding suitability to high frequency applications. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 33 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs APS12625/6 Sensor and Relationship to Target There are no output options for the APS12625; it is always Speed/Direction. The APS12626 has A/B outputs. Additionally, each device is available in 3 different sensing configurations, with X-axis vertical Hall and Y-axis vertical Hall active, with Z-axis planar Hall and the X-axis vertical Hall active, or with the Z-axis planar Hall and the Y-axis vertical Hall active. This offers incredible flexibility for positioning the IC within various applications. Axes option B (Z-X) supports having the IC positioned with the face of the package facing the ring magnet, and the axis of rotation (Figure 7a) lengthwise along the package body, or with either of the non-leaded sides of the package facing the ring magnet (Figure 7b). This latter configuration has the advantage of being able to be mounted extremely close to the ring magnet, since there are no leads or solder pads to accommodate in that dimension. Axes option A (X-Y) supports having the IC positioned with the face of the package in-plane with the ring magnet from either the leadless (Figure 6a) or leaded (Figure 6b) sides of the package. Figure 7a Figure 6a Figure 6b Figure 7b Axes option C (Z-Y) supports the traditional configuration with the face of the package facing the ring magnet (Figure 8a), with the axis of rotation going across the leads, or with either of the leaded sides of the package facing the ring magnet (Figure 8b). Figure 8a Figure 7b Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 34 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Table 1 : APS12625 Sensor and Relationship to Target IC and Relationship to Target Target State of Direction Output Clockwise Counterclockwise (anticlockwise) High Low High Low Low High Low High High Low High Low XY ZY ZX Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 35 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Temperature Coefficient and Magnet Selection The APS12625/6 allows the user to select the magnetic temperature coefficient to compensate for the drift of SmCo and ferrite magnets over temperature, as indicated in the specifications table on page 5. This compensation improves the magnetic system performance over the entire temperature range. For example, the magnetic field strength from ferrite decreases as the temperature increases from 25C to 150C. This lower magnetic field strength means that a lower switching threshold is required to maintain switching at the same distance from the magnet to the sensor. Correspondingly, higher switching thresholds are required at cold temperatures, as low as -40C, due to the higher magnetic field strength from the ferrite magnet. The APS12625/6 compensate the switching thresholds over temperature as described above. It is recommended that system designers evaluate their magnetic circuit over the expected operating temperature range to ensure the magnetic switching requirements are met. For example, the typical ferrite compensation is -0.17%/C. With a 25C temperature BOP switchpoint of 25 G, the switchpoint changes nominally by -0.17%/C x 25 x (150C - 25C) = -5.3 G to 25 G - 5.3 G = 19.7 G at 150C. And at -40C, the switchpoint changes by -0.17%/C x 25 x (-40C - 25C) = 2.8 G to 25 G + 2.8 G = 27.8 G. Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 36 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Power-On Sequence and Timing NON-P OPTION -P OPTION The default power-on state has been achieved when the supply voltage is within the specified operating range (VDD(MIN) VDD VDD(MAX)) and the power-on time has elapsed (t > tON). Refer to Figure 9: Power-On Sequence and Timing for an illustration of the power-on sequence. For the -P option device (user/externally set power-on state), the power-on sequence is similar to the default with the exception that if either of the outputs have input field in the hysteresis band, the output state can be externally set low with a low setting pulse. Output Undefined for VDD < VDD(MIN) VOUT(ON) 0 Input Mode VOUT(SAT ) Output Undefined for VDD < VDD(MIN) VOUT(ON) 0 Output Responds According to Magnec Field Input B > BOP or B < BRP t > tON(MAX) time Output Responds According to Magnetic Field Input B > BOP or B < BRP t > tON(MAX) time OUTPUT B OUTPUTB Output Undefined for V DD < VDD(MIN) V POS VOUT(OFF) VOUT(OFF) Output Undefined for V DD < VDD(MIN) Input Mode VOUT(SAT ) Output Responds According to Magnec Field Input B > BOP or B < BRP t > tON(MAX) time V VDD(MIN) VDD 0 VOUT(OFF) time V SUPPLY VOLTAGE Output Responds According to Magnetic Field Input B > BOP or B < BRP t > tON(MAX) OUTPUT A POS VOUT(OFF) V t ON time Figure 9: Power-On Sequence and Timing Once the supply voltage is within the operational range, the outputs will be in the high state (power-on state), regardless of the magnetic field. The outputs will remain high until the sensor is fully powered on (t > tON)--note that the vertical Hall channel typically responds before the planar Hall channel. SUPPLY VOLTAGE OUTPUTA V V VDD(MIN) 0 tON time tPOS_input B > BOP or BRP < B < BOP with OUTx pin(s) pulled low during tPOS _input B < BRP or BRP < B < BOP with OUTx pin(s) not pulled low during tPOS _input Figure 10: Power-On Sequence and Timing, -P option If the desired power-on state is high, the user should not input a power-on state pulse. The outputs will default to the high state until the device is fully powered on. If the desired power-on state is low, the user should input a low output state setting pulse for at least tPOS_input. The output will switch low after tON if the field level is within the hysteresis band (BRP < B < BOP). For the APS12625-P, the power-on state can only be set on the Speed output (OUTPUT A). Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 37 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Setting the Power-On State (-P option only) The power-on state can be set by the host so that when the sensor is being power-cycled for power savings, the outputs can be restored to the desired state. The start-up flow for quadrature outputs (APS12626) is shown in Figure 11, and the flow for speed and direction outputs (APS12625) is shown in Figure 12. APS12626 When the sensor powers on, each channel assumes an output state based on the input magnetic field present at the time, unless the field level is within the hysteresis band. In that case (field within hysteresis band), the output can be forced low externally Power-On State Setting Quadrature Speed Outputs Conditions: - The sensor supply was turned off - Before turning off the sensor supply, the micro-controller stored the state of Channel A and/or B - The motor has not moved while the sensor was turned off during the time where no conclusive field is seen by the sensor. The forcing signal needs to be provided for more than 100 s, the minimum Power-On State External Input time (tPOS_input). The state of each channel will be copied by the sensor. This allows setting a wake-up state that is consistent with the shutdown state, thus avoiding errors in the total pulse count. If the target starts moving before t > tPOS_input, the desired wake-up state may not be correctly set. The sensor will exit POS mode once either of the output channels has an output transition (i.e. sufficient target movement). Channels A and B are set independently of one another. Start Pull down Channel A and/or Channel B if power-down state was low externally Turn on sensor supply After VDD > VDD(min), wait minimum (tON + tPOS_input) seconds Stop pulling down Channel A and/or Channel B Wait until the lines have settled (e.g. 5 x RC of pull-up resistor and line capacitance) Start monitoring Channel A/B Start motor Figure 11: Output setting at power-on, dual quadrature outputs (APS12626) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 38 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs APS12625 For the Speed and Direction option (APS12625), when the sensor powers-on, the Speed output is set as A XOR B, and Direction is in the high state until a transition on internal channels A or B has been seen. If one of the channels wakes up with the magnetic input field in the hysteresis band, then it is possible to set the speed pin value Power-On State Setting Speed and Direction Outputs Conditions: - The sensor supply was turned off - Before turning off the sensor supply, the micro-controller stored the state of the SPEED channel - The motor has not moved while the sensor was turned off to be consistent with the state at shutdown. A default value of high will be assumed by the sensor, unless a low state-setting pulse is seen during tPOS_input. If the target starts moving before t > tPOS_input, the desired wake-up state may not be correctly set. The forcing signal needs to be provided for more than 100 s, the minimum Power-On State External Input time (tPOS_input). The sensor will exit POS mode once either of the output channels has an output transition (i.e. sufficient target movement). Start Pull down SPEED Channel if power-down state was low Turn on sensor supply After VDD > VDD(min), wait minimum (tON + tPOS_input) seconds Stop pulling down SPEED Channel Wait until the lines have settled (e.g. 5 x RC of pull-up resistor and line capacitance) Start monitoring SPEED transitions with DIRECTION Start motor Figure 12: Output setting at power-on, Speed and Direction (APS12625) Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 39 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Functional Safety Applications The APS12625/6 was designed in accordance 2 with the international standard for automotive functional safety, ISO 26262:2011. This product achieves an ASIL (Automotive Safety Integrity Level) rating of ASIL A according to the standard. The APS12625/6 is classified as a SEOoC (Safety Element Out of Context) and can be easily integrated into safetycritical systems requiring higher ASIL ratings that incorporate external diagnostics or use measures such as redundancy. Safety documentation will be provided to support and guide the integration process. Contact your local FAE for A2-SILTM documentation: www.allegromicro.com/ASIL. - The APS12625/6 has internal diagnostics to check the voltage supply (an undervoltage lockout regulator). See the Diagnostics section for more information. An external bypass capacitor must be connected (in close proximity to the Hall sensor) between the supply and ground of the device to guarantee correct performance and to reduce noise from internal circuitry. As shown in Figure 13, a 0.1 F capacitor is typical. If the application requires additional EMC protection, additional components are suggested in gray in the same figure. Extensive applications information on magnets and Hall-effect sensors is available in: * Hall-Effect IC Applications Guide, AN27701, * Hall-Effect Devices: Guidelines for Designing Subassemblies Using Hall-Effect Devices, AN27703.1 * Soldering Methods for Allegro's Products - SMD and Through-Hole, AN26009 * Air-Gap-Independent Speed and Direction Sensing Using the Allegro A1262, AN296124 * Improved Speed and Direction Sensing Using Vertical Hall Technology, AN296130 All are provided on the Allegro website: www.allegromicro.com VS RSERIES* 100 VDD CBYP 0.1 F APS12625/6 RLOAD RLOAD Sensor Outputs OUTPUTA OUTPUTB COUT* 4.7 nF GND GND * Optional components for enhanced EMC protection. Figure 13: Typical Application Circuit Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 40 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Chopper Stabilization Technique When using Hall-effect technology, a limiting factor for switchpoint accuracy is the small signal voltage developed across the Hall element. This voltage is disproportionally small relative to the offset that can be produced at the output of the Hall sensor IC. This makes it difficult to process the signal while maintaining an accurate, reliable output over the specified operating temperature and voltage ranges. Chopper stabilization is a proven approach used to minimize Hall offset on the chip. The Allegro technique, namely Dynamic Quadrature Offset Cancellation, removes key sources of the output drift induced by thermal and mechanical stresses. This offset reduction technique is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. The undesired offset signal is separated from the magnetic field-induced signal in the frequency domain through modulation. The chopper stabilization technique uses a high frequency clock, generally at hundreds of kilohertz. A sample-and-hold technique is used for demodulation, where the sampling is performed at twice the chopper frequency. This high-frequency operation allows a greater sampling rate, which results in higher accuracy and faster signal-processing capability. This approach desensitizes the chip to the effects of thermal and mechanical stresses, and produces devices that have extremely stable quiescent Hall output voltages and precise recoverability after temperature cycling. This technique is made possible through the use of a BiCMOS process, which allows the use of low-offset, low-noise amplifiers in combination with high-density logic integration and sample-and-hold circuits. The subsequent demodulation acts as a modulation process for the offset, causing the magnetic-field-induced signal to recover its original spectrum at base band, while the DC offset becomes a high-frequency signal. The magnetic signal then can pass through a low-pass filter, while the modulated DC offset is suppressed. Clock/Logic Low-Pass Filter Hall Element Amp. Sample and Hold Figure 14: Model of Chopper Stabilization Technique Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 41 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs POWER DERATING The device must be operated below the maximum junction temperature of the device, TJ(max). Under certain combinations of peak conditions, reliable operation may require derating supplied power or improving the heat dissipation properties of the application. This section presents a procedure for correlating factors affecting operating TJ. (Thermal data is also available on the Allegro MicroSystems website.) The Package Thermal Resistance (RJA) is a figure of merit summarizing the ability of the application and the device to dissipate heat from the junction (die), through all paths to the ambient air. Its primary component is the Effective Thermal Conductivity (K) of the printed circuit board, including adjacent devices and traces. Radiation from the die through the device case (RJC) is relatively small component of RJA. Ambient air temperature (TA) and air motion are significant external factors, damped by overmolding. The effect of varying power levels (Power Dissipation, PD), can be estimated. The following formulas represent the fundamental relationships used to estimate TJ at PD. A worst-case estimate (PD(max)) represents the maximum allowable power level (VDD(max), IDD(max)), without exceeding TJ(max), at a selected RJA and TA. Example: Reliability for VDD at TA = 150C, package LH-5, using low-K PCB. Observe the worst-case ratings for the device, specifically: RJA = 124C/W, TJ(max) = 165C, VDD(max) = 5.5 V, and IDD(max) = 4.5 mA. Calculate the maximum allowable power level (PD(max)). First, invert equation 3: Tmax = TJ(max) - TA = 165C - 150C = 15C This provides the allowable increase to TJ resulting from internal power dissipation. Then, invert equation 2: PD(max) = Tmax / RJA = 15C / 124C/W = 121 mW Finally, invert equation 1 with respect to voltage: PD = VIN x IIN (1) VDD(est) = PD(max) / IDD(max) T = PD x RJA (2) VDD(est) = 121 mW / 4.5 mA TJ = TA + T (3) VDD(est) = 26.9 V For example, given common conditions such as: TA = 25C, VDD = 5 V, IDD = 3 mA, and RJA = 124C/W for the LH-5 package, then: PD = VDD x IDD = 5 V x 3 mA = 15 mW T = PD x RJA = 15 mW x 124C/W = 1.9C The result indicates that, at TA, the application and device can dissipate adequate amounts of heat at voltages VDD(est). Compare VDD(est) to VDD(max). If VDD(est) VDD(max), then reliable operation between VDD(est) and VDD(max) requires enhanced RJA. If VDD(est) VDD(max), then operation between VDD(est) and VDD(max) is reliable under these conditions. TJ = TA + T = 25C + 1.9C = 26.9C Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 42 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs PACKAGE OUTLINE DRAWING For Reference Only - Not for Tooling Use (Reference DWG-9069) Dimensions in millimeters - NOT TO SCALE Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown AY +0.12 2.98 -0.08 D 0.11 REF 2.90 4 4 AZ AX 5 +0.020 0.180 -0.053 D1 D D1 D +0.10 -0.20 1.91 +0.19 -0.06 D3 D D D2 1 0.17 D REF 2 D2 D 0.25 MIN D D3 0.55 REF D3 D 0.25 BSC Branded Face SEATING PLANE GAUGE PLANE 8x12 REF 1.00 0.13 D D2 +0.10 0.05 -0.05 0.40 0.10 0.95 BSC D1 D 0.20 MIN NNN C Standard Branding Reference View 2.40 AX Active Area Depth, X Axis, 1.49 0.2 AY Active Area Depth, Y Axis, 1.45 0.15 AZ Active Area Depth, Z Axis, 0.28 0.04 1.00 0.70 0.95 B PCB Reference Layout View B Reference land pattern layout; all pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances (reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5). C Branding Scale and appearance at supplier discretion D Hall Elements (D1, D2, and D3), not to scale Figure 15: Package LH, 5-Pin SOT23-W Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 43 APS12625 and APS12626 2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs Revision History Number Date Description - November 15, 2017 Initial release 1 December 19, 2018 Updated Figure 10 and other minor editorial updates Copyright (c)2018, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC Allegro MicroSystems, LLC reserves the right to make, from time to time, such departures from the detail specifications as may be required to permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro's products are not to be used in any devices or systems, including but not limited to life support devices or systems, in which a failure of Allegro's product can reasonably be expected to cause bodily harm. The information included herein is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. Copies of this document are considered uncontrolled documents. For the latest version of this document, visit our website: www.allegromicro.com Allegro MicroSystems, LLC 955 Perimeter Road Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A. www.allegromicro.com 44