The APS12625 and APS12626 integrated circuits are dual
ultrasensitive Hall-effect latches optimized for use with ring
magnets. They feature both vertical and planar Hall elements
with sensing axes that are orthogonal to one another, providing
90° of phase separation. This phase separation is inherently
independent of magnet pole spacing and air gap. No target
optimization is required, making them extremely flexible and
easy to use.
For example, the ring magnet pole-pitch can be changed without
having to modify the sensor position or other mechanical design
details. Additionally, XY, ZX, and ZY options are available to
work in almost any orientation to the target. The APS12625
features Speed and Direction outputs, while the APS12626 has
quadrature outputs (Channel A/B).
A unique feature allows the host system to restore the correct
state after power-cycling the device (-P option). This reduces
the potential accumulation of lost counts/pulses when the device
wakes up with one or more sensors in its hysteresis region.
APS12625-6-DS, Rev. 1
MCO-0000340
• Flexible and easy-to-use sensor for motors/encoders
• ISO 26262:2011 / ASIL A functional safety compliance
• 2D magnetic sensing via planar and vertical Hall elements
□Quadrature independent of magnet pole pitch and air
gap—no target optimization required
□Works in almost any orientation to the target (XY, ZX,
and ZY options)
• Reduces accumulation of lost counts/pulses
□System can restore correct state after power-cycling
(-P option)
• Dual outputs of quadrature or speed/direction signals
• High magnetic sensitivity
• Optimized for applications with regulated power rails
□Operation from 2.8 to 5.5 V
• Automotive grade/qualified per AEC-Q100
□TJ up to 175°C
□Output short-circuit protection
□Resistant to physical stress
• Small size
2D Hall-Effect
Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
PACKAGE
Functional Block Diagram
Not to scale
APS12625
and APS12626
Y Hall
Z Hall
Amp
Dynamic Offset
Cancellation &
Multiplexer
Demultiplexer /
Speed and Direction /
Quadrature Logic
Low-Pass
Filter
To All
Subcircuits
Sample, Hold,
& Averaging
OUTPUT
A
VDD
GND
OUTPUTB
X Hall
POS
Logic
POS
Logic
Power-On
Reset
FEATURES AND BENEFITS DESCRIPTION
5-Pin SOT23-W (Su󰀩x LH)
Continued on the next page…
December 19, 2018
• Automotive
□Power closures/actuators
□Electronic power steering
□Seat/window/sunroof motors
□Trunk/door/liftgate motors
• Industrial motors/encoders
• Garage door openers
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
• Motorized window
blinds
• White goods
2
-
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
2
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
RoHS
COMPLIANT
DESCRIPTION (continued)
On a single silicon chip, these devices include: three Hall plates
(one planar and two vertical), a multiplexer, a small-signal
amplifier, chopper stabilization, a Schmitt trigger, and two NMOS
output transistors which can sink up to 10 mA continuously. They
operate from a regulated supply voltage of 2.8 to 5.5 V and have
been qualified beyond the requirements of AEC-Q100 grade 0 for
operation up to 175°C junction temperature.
The small geometries of the BiCMOS process allow these devices
to be offered in an ultrasmall package. Package designator “LH”
indicates a modified SOT23-W surface-mount package. This
package is RoHS compliant and lead (Pb) free, with 100% matte
tin leadframe plating.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Unit
Forward Supply Voltage VDD 6 V
Reverse Supply Voltage VRDD –0.3 V
Magnetic Flux Density B Unlimited G
Output Off Voltage VOUT 6 V
Output Current IOUT Through short-circuit current-limiting device 45 mA
Maximum Junction Temperature TJ(MAX)
165 °C
For 500 hours 175 °C
Storage Temperature Tstg –65 to 170 °C
Sensing Axes
A – X and Y axis
B – Z and X axis
C – Z and Y axis
Allegro Iden er (Device Family)
APS
Opera ng Temperature Range
L – -40°C to +150°C
Instruc ons (Packing)
LT – 7-in. reel, 3,000 pieces/reel (LH Only)
LX – 13-in. reel, 10,000 pieces/reel (LH Only)
Package Designa on
LHA – 5-pin SOT23W Surface Mount
Complete Part Number Format
Device Type
1262 XOutput Type
5 – Pin 1, Direc on of target movement
Pin 2, Speed of target movement
6 – Pin 1, Output from X or Y Hall channel*
Pin 2, Output from Y or Z Hall channel*
* Corresponding output signal depends on selected Sensing Axes
APS 12625
Temperature Coefficient (TC)
A – Flat
F – Ferrite
Power-on State (POS)
_ – POS is HIGH
P – POS is user se able
-
APS 12626
Configura on Op ons
Speed &
Direc on
Quadrature
SELECTION GUIDE
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
3
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS: May require derating at maximum conditions; see application information
Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Unit
Package Thermal Resistance RθJA Package LH-5 4-layer board based on the JEDEC standard JESD51-7 124 °C/W
* Additional thermal information available on the Allegro website.
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Temperature (°C)
Power Dissipation, P
D
(mW)
100
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
4-Layer PCB, Package LH-5
(R
θJA
=124ºC/W)
Maximum Power Dissipation versus Ambient Temperature
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
4
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Terminal List Table
Number Symbol Description
1 OUTPUTA See output option table
2 OUTPUTB See output option table
3 VDD Connects power supply to chip
4 GND Ground [1]
5 GND Ground [1]
[1] Only one GND connection is required; other GND pin can float or also be
tied to GND.
Package LH, 5-Pin SOT23-W
∆z
∆y
∆x
5 4 3
21
VDD
OUTPUTA OUTPUTB
GNDGND
Vertical Hall (X)
Vertical Hall (Y)
Planar Hall (Z)
Output Option Table
Device Order Option [2] Sensing
Axes OUTPUT A (Pin 1) OUTPUTB (Pin 2)
APS12625
A XY
Speed of target movement Direction of target movement
B ZX
C ZY
APS12626
A XY X channel output Y channel output
B ZX Z channel output X channel output
C ZY Z channel output Y channel output
[2] See Selection Guide.
PINOUT DIAGRAMS, TERMINAL LIST, AND OUTPUT OPTION TABLES
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
5
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: Valid over full operating voltage and ambient temperature range TA = –40°C to 150°C,
unless otherwise specied
Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. [1] Max. Unit
Supply Voltage VDD Operating, TJ ≤ TJ(max) 2.8 – 5.5 V
Output Leakage Current IOUTOFF B < BRP – – 10 µA
Output On Voltage VOUT(SAT) IOUT = 2 mA, B > BOP – 180 500 mV
Output Off Voltage VOUT(OFF)
OUTA and OUTB are open-drain;
application sets output off voltage – – 5.5 V
Supply Current IDD – 3 4.5 mA
Output Current IOUT Value used during characterization – 5 – mA
Output Sink Current IOUTPUT(SINK) – – 10 mA
Output Short-Circuit Current Limit IOM VDD = 5.5 V, TJ ≤ TJ(max) 15 – 45 mA
Output Rise Time [2][3] trCLOAD = 20 pF, RLOAD = 820 Ω – 0.2 – µs
Output Fall Time [2][3] tfCLOAD = 20 pF, RLOAD = 820 Ω – 0.1 – µs
Power-On Time tON
Both outputs, APS12625 – 150 300 µs
Both outputs, APS12626 – 50 100 µs
Power-On State External Input tPOS_input
Hold time for external POS setting signal,
-P option only; see Figure 10 100 – – µs
Power-On State, Output A and B POS High –
Delay Between Direction and
Speed Pin Update tdir-to-speed Only valid for APS12625 2.8 4.0 8 µs
Speed Pin Input Low Level
Channel A / B Input Low Level VIN(LOW)
For APS12625 -P option
For APS12626 -P option – – 0.8 V
Speed Pin Input High Level
Channel A / B Input High Level VIN(HIGH)
For APS12625 -P option
For APS12626 -P option 2.0 – – V
[1] Typical data are at TA = 25°C and VDD = 4 V.
[2] Power-on time, rise time, and fall time are guaranteed through device characterization.
[3] CLOAD = oscilloscope probe capacitance.
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
6
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
NS
NS
Z
N
S
X
Y
South polarity magnetic elds, in the orientations
illustrated (right), are considered positive elds.
MAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS: Valid over full operating voltage and temperature ranges, unless otherwise specied
Characteristics Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. [1] Max. Unit [2]
Operate Point [3] BOP(A), BOP(B)
TC = 0
TA = –40°C 12 27.8 44 G
TA = 25°C 11 25.0 41 G
TA = 150°C 1 19.7 39 G
TC = 1 1 21 40 G
Release Point [3] BRP(A), BRP(B)
TC = 0
TA = –40°C –44 –27.8 –12 G
TA = 25°C –41 –25.0 –11 G
TA = 150°C –39 –19.7 –1 G
TC = 1 –40 –21 –1 G
Hysteresis (BOP – BRP) BHYS(A), BHYS(B)
TC = 0
TA = –40°C 38 55.5 72 G
TA = 25°C 35 50.0 66 G
TA = 150°C 25 39.4 54 G
TC = 1 25 42 65 G
Symmetry: Channel A, Channel B,
BOP(A) + BRP(A), BOP(B) + BRP(B)
BSYM(A), BSYM(B) –35 – 35 G
Operate Symmetry: BOP(A) – BOP(B) BSYM(AB,OP) –15 – 15 G
Release Symmetry: BRP(A) – BRP(B) BSYM(AB,RP) –15 – 15 G
Temperature Coefficient TC TC = 0, APS12625-F, APS12626-F – –0.17 – % / °C
TC = 1, APS12625, APS12626 –0–% / °C
[1] Typical data are at TA = 25°C and VDD = 4 V.
[2] 1 G (gauss) = 0.1 mT (millitesla)
[3] Applicable to all directions (X, Y, and Z).
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
7
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Electrical Characteristics
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
-50 0 50 100 150
Output On Voltage, VOUT(SAT) (mV)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Output On Voltage vs. Temperature
IOUT = 2 mA, B > BOP
VSAT(A)
VSAT(B)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
-50 0 50 100 150
Supply Current, IDD (mA)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Supply Current (XY) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
-50 0 50 100 150
Supply Current, IDD (mA)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Supply Current (ZX & ZY) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Supply Current, IDD (mA)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Supply Current (XY) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Supply Current, IDD (mA)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Supply Current (ZX & ZY) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
8
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
-50 0 50 100 150
Output Leakage Current, IOUTOFF (µA)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Output Leakage Current vs. Temperature
IOUTOFF(A)
IOUTOFF(B)
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
-50 0 50 100 150
Output Current Limit, IOM (mA)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Output Current Limit vs. Temperature
IOM(A)
IOM(B)
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
9
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Operate Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BOP(A)
BOP(B)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat)
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
10
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Release Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BRP(A)
BRP(B)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
11
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Hysteresis vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BHYS(A)
BHYS(B)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
12
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
-50 0 50 100 150
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
-50 0 50 100 150
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
13
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
-50 0 50 100 150
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
-50 0 50 100 150
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
14
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Operate Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BOP(A)
BOP(B)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
15
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Release Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BRP(A)
BRP(B)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
16
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Hysteresis vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BHYS(A)
BHYS(B)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
17
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
-50 0 50 100 150
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
-50 0 50 100 150
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
18
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option A (flat) (continued)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
-50 0 50 100 150
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
-50 0 50 100 150
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
19
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Operate Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BOP(A)
BOP(B)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
20
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Release Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BRP(A)
BRP(B)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
21
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Hysteresis vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BHYS(A)
BHYS(B)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
22
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
-50 0 50 100 150
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
-50 0 50 100 150
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
23
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option A (XY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
-50 0 50 100 150
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
-50 0 50 100 150
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
24
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Operate Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BOP(A)
BOP(B)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Operate Point, BOP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
25
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Release Point vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BRP(A)
BRP(B)
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Point (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Release Point, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Point (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
26
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-50 0 50 100 150
Magnetic Hystersis, BHYS (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Hysteresis vs. Temperature
VDD = 2.8 V
BHYS(A)
BHYS(B)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Hysteresis, BHYS (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Hysteresis (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Magnetic Hysteresis, BRP (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Hysteresis (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
27
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
-50 0 50 100 150
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Symmetry (A) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Symmetry (A) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
-50 0 50 100 150
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Symmetry (B) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Switchpoint Symmetry, BSYM (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Symmetry (B) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
28
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
CHARACTERISTIC DATA
Magnetic Characteristics
Option B & C (ZX & ZY) with TC option F (ferrite) (continued)
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
-50 0 50 100 150
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Operate Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
-50 0 50 100 150
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Ambient Temperature, TA(°C)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Temperature
2.8 V
4.0 V
5.5 V
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Operate Point Symmetry, BSYM(AB,OP) (G)
Supply Voltage, VDD (V)
Release Symmetry (AB) vs. Supply Voltage
-40°C
25°C
150°C
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
29
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
2-Dimensional Sensing
With dual-planar Hall sensors, the ring magnet must be properly
designed and optimized for the physical Hall element spacing
(distance) to have the two channels in quadrature or 90 degrees
out of phase. With the APS12625/6, which uses one planar and
one vertical Hall-effect sensing element, or two vertical Hall-
effect sensing elements perpendicular to one another, no target
optimization is required. When the face of the IC is facing the
ring magnet, the planar Hall senses the magnet poles and the
vertical Hall senses the transition between poles; therefore, the
two channels will inherently be in quadrature, regardless of the
ring-magnet pole spacing. The same is true in the dual-vertical
Hall configuration, with the vertical Hall element facing the mag-
net poles sensing the magnet IC poles and the other vertical Hall
element sensing the transitions between poles. The quadrature
relationship allows for the direction signal to be appropriately
updated.
Outputs
SPEED AND DIRECTION
Internal logic circuitry of the APS12625 provides outputs repre-
senting the speed and direction of the magnetic field across the
package.
The Speed (SPD) output is the XOR of the output of the two
active Hall elements, providing two times the resolution of a
single channel, while the direction (DIR) output provides the
direction of the target. The direction output, DIR, is always
updated before SPD, according to tdir-to-speed. It is updated on
every transition of either Hall sensor, allowing the use of up-
down counters without loss of pulses.
QUADRATURE
The APS12626 offers individual outputs of the two active Hall
sensors, referred to here as Channel A and Channel B. The Output
Option Table indicates which Hall sensing element corresponds
to “Channel A” and “Channel B” in each configuration.
The Channel A and Channel B outputs of the APS12626 switch
low (turn on) when the corresponding Hall element is presented
with a perpendicular south magnetic field of sufficient strength
(>BOP). The device outputs switch high (turn off) when the
strength of a perpendicular north magnetic field exceeds the
release point (BRP). The difference in the magnetic operate and
release points is the hysteresis (BHYS) of the device. See Figure 1.
Removal of the magnetic field will leave the device output
latched on if the last crossed switchpoint is BOP, or latched off if
the last crossed switchpoint is BRP.
V+ VOUT(OFF)
Switch to Low
Switch to High
VOUT(ON)
V
OUTPUT
B- 0B+
B
RP
BOP
BHYS
Figure 1: Switching Behavior of Latches
On the horizontal axis, the B+ direction indicates increasing
south polarity magnetic field strength, and the B– direction
indicates decreasing south polarity field strength (including
the case of increasing north polarity)
This built-in hysteresis allows clean switching of the output even
in the presence of external mechanical vibration and electrical
noise. The outputs will power-on in the high output state, even
when powering-on in the hysteresis region, between BOP and BRP
for both versions of the device, with and without the power-on
state setting feature.
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
30
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Operation
With dual-planar Hall sensors, the ring magnet must be properly
designed and optimized for the physical Hall spacing (distance)
for the outputs of the two latches to be in quadrature, or 90
degrees out of phase. With the APS12625 and APS12626, no
target optimization is required. When the face of the IC is facing
the ring magnet, the planar Hall senses the magnet poles and the
vertical Hall senses the transition between poles; therefore, the
two channels will inherently be in quadrature, regardless of the
ring-magnet pole spacing.
Figure 2 shows a ring magnet optimized for the E1-to-E2 spacing
of a dual-planar sensor, resulting in quadrature, or 90 degrees
phase separation between channels. This same target also results
in quadrature for the 2D sensing APS12625/6. However when
a different ring magnet is used which is not optimized for the
E1-to-E2 spacing, the dual-planar sensor exhibits diminished
phase separation, making signal processing the outputs into speed
and direction less robust. Using a different ring-magnet geometry
has no effect on the APS12625/6, and the two channels remain in
quadrature (see Figure 3).
The relationship of the various signals and the typical system tim-
ing is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 2: Ring magnet optimized for a dual-planar Hall-e󰀨ect sensor resulting in output
quadrature also results in quadrature for the APS12625/6.
Dual Planar
Sensor
APS12626
APS12625/6
dual
planar
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
31
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Figure 3: Ring magnet not optimized for a dual-planar Hall-e󰀨ect sensor resulting in signicantly
reduced output phase separation, however still results in quadrature for the APS12625/6.
Dual Planar
Sensor
APS12626
APS12625/6
dual
planar
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
32
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Figure 4: Typical System Timing
Clockwise Rotation Counterclockwise Rotation
Direction Speed VerticalPlanar
By
Bx Time
(s)
Time
(s)
Time
(s)
Time
(s)
Time
(s)
2
1
4
3
Output Response to a
Speed and Direction Part
By
Bx
Bx
tdir-to-speed
APS12626
APS12625
The two active Hall signals represent the magnetic input
signal, which is converted to the device outputs, OUTPUTA
and OUTPUTB, respectively for the Quadrature Output
configuration. If the Speed and Direction option is selected, the
outputs will reflect Direction and Speed. The Direction output
will update before Speed output by tdir-to-speed. Only one case
is shown above; however, the Direction output will indicate
a direction change after any one channel has two consecutive
output transitions without the other channel having any output
transitions.
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
33
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Figure 5: Output signal updating with respect to the channel sampling
The two active channels are multiplexed with a typical 20 µs
sampling period per channel. If the magnetic signal crosses the
respective BOP or BRP of a particular channel, that channel’s
output will not be updated until the end of its sampling period.
If the signal crosses the thresholds while the alternate channel
is sampling, the update will occur at the end of the next
sampling period (as long as the signal does not cross back over
the thresholds). This is illustrated in Figure 5. The sampling
error introduced by the multiplexing increases with magnetic
input frequency, which can affect the output duty cycle and
phase separation between outputs. Contact your Allegro field
applications engineer (FAE) for more information regarding
suitability to high frequency applications.
Sampling
Cycle
BOP(A)
BRP(A)
0
BOP(B)
BRP(B)
0
Signal OUTA
Signal OUTB
0
0
t
t
t
t
t
Channel A Channel A Channel B Channel A Channel B Channel AChannel B Channel B Channel A Channel B
Signal OUTA
0
BOP(A)
BRP(A)
0
t
t
t
Sampling
Cycle
Signal OUTA
0t
t
t
Sampling
Cycle
BOP(A)
BRP(A)
0
Channel A Channel B Channel AChannel B Channel B Channel A Channel B Channel A
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
34
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
APS12625/6 Sensor and Relationship to Target
There are no output options for the APS12625; it is always
Speed/Direction. The APS12626 has A/B outputs. Additionally,
each device is available in 3 different sensing configurations,
with X-axis vertical Hall and Y-axis vertical Hall active, with
Z-axis planar Hall and the X-axis vertical Hall active, or with
the Z-axis planar Hall and the Y-axis vertical Hall active. This
offers incredible flexibility for positioning the IC within various
applications.
Axes option A (X-Y) supports having the IC positioned with the
face of the package in-plane with the ring magnet from either the
leadless (Figure 6a) or leaded (Figure 6b) sides of the package.
Figure 6a Figure 6b
Figure 7b
Axes option B (Z-X) supports having the IC positioned with
the face of the package facing the ring magnet, and the axis of
rotation (Figure 7a) lengthwise along the package body, or with
either of the non-leaded sides of the package facing the ring
magnet (Figure 7b). This latter configuration has the advantage
of being able to be mounted extremely close to the ring magnet,
since there are no leads or solder pads to accommodate in that
dimension.
Axes option C (Z-Y) supports the traditional configuration with
the face of the package facing the ring magnet (Figure 8a), with the
axis of rotation going across the leads, or with either of the leaded
sides of the package facing the ring magnet (Figure 8b).
Figure 7a Figure 7b
Figure 8a
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
35
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Table 1 : APS12625 Sensor and Relationship to Target
IC and
Relationship to Target State of Direction Output
Target Clockwise Counterclockwise
(anticlockwise)
XY
High Low
High Low
ZY
Low High
Low High
ZX
High Low
High Low
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
36
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Temperature Coefficient and Magnet Selection
The APS12625/6 allows the user to select the magnetic tempera-
ture coefficient to compensate for the drift of SmCo and ferrite
magnets over temperature, as indicated in the specifications table
on page 5. This compensation improves the magnetic system
performance over the entire temperature range. For example, the
magnetic field strength from ferrite decreases as the temperature
increases from 25°C to 150°C. This lower magnetic field strength
means that a lower switching threshold is required to maintain
switching at the same distance from the magnet to the sensor.
Correspondingly, higher switching thresholds are required at cold
temperatures, as low as –40°C, due to the higher magnetic field
strength from the ferrite magnet. The APS12625/6 compensate
the switching thresholds over temperature as described above. It
is recommended that system designers evaluate their magnetic
circuit over the expected operating temperature range to ensure
the magnetic switching requirements are met.
For example, the typical ferrite compensation is –0.17%/°C.
With a 25°C temperature BOP switchpoint of 25 G, the
switchpoint changes nominally by –0.17%/°C × 25 × (150°C
– 25°C) = –5.3 G to 25 G – 5.3 G = 19.7 G at 150°C.
And at –40°C, the switchpoint changes by –0.17%/°C ×
25 × (–40°C – 25°C) = 2.8 G to 25 G + 2.8 G = 27.8 G.
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
37
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Power-On Sequence and Timing
NON-P OPTION
The default power-on state has been achieved when the supply
voltage is within the specified operating range (VDD(MIN) ≤ VDD
≤ VDD(MAX)) and the power-on time has elapsed (t > tON). Refer
to Figure 9: Power-On Sequence and Timing for an illustration of
the power-on sequence.
V
time
time
V
V
OUT(OFF)
V
DD(MIN)
t
ON
0
0
V
DD
Output Undefined for
V
DD
< V
DD(MIN)
V
OUT(ON)
POS
V
time
V
OUT(OFF)
0
Output Undefined for
V
DD
< V
DD(MIN)
V
OUT(ON)
POS
OUTPUTA
OUTPUTB
Output Responds According
to Magnetic Field Input
B > B
OP
or B < B
RP
t > t
ON(MAX)
Output Responds According
to Magnetic Field Input
B > B
OP
or B < B
RP
t > t
ON(MAX)
SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Once the supply voltage is within the operational range, the
outputs will be in the high state (power-on state), regardless of
the magnetic field. The outputs will remain high until the sensor
is fully powered on (t > tON)—note that the vertical Hall channel
typically responds before the planar Hall channel.
Figure 9: Power-On Sequence and Timing
-P OPTION
For the –P option device (user/externally set power-on state), the
power-on sequence is similar to the default with the exception
that if either of the outputs have input field in the hysteresis band,
the output state can be externally set low with a low setting pulse.
If the desired power-on state is high, the user should not input a
power-on state pulse. The outputs will default to the high state
until the device is fully powered on.
If the desired power-on state is low, the user should input a low
output state setting pulse for at least tPOS_input. The output will
switch low after tON if the field level is within the hysteresis band
(BRP < B < BOP). For the APS12625-P, the power-on state can
only be set on the Speed output (OUTPUT A).
Figure 10: Power-On Sequence and Timing, -P option
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
38
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
Setting the Power-On State (-P option only)
The power-on state can be set by the host so that when the sen-
sor is being power-cycled for power savings, the outputs can be
restored to the desired state. The start-up flow for quadrature out-
puts (APS12626) is shown in Figure 11, and the flow for speed
and direction outputs (APS12625) is shown in Figure 12.
APS12626
When the sensor powers on, each channel assumes an output
state based on the input magnetic field present at the time, unless
the field level is within the hysteresis band. In that case (field
within hysteresis band), the output can be forced low externally
during the time where no conclusive field is seen by the sensor.
The forcing signal needs to be provided for more than 100 µs, the
minimum Power-On State External Input time (tPOS_input). The
state of each channel will be copied by the sensor.
This allows setting a wake-up state that is consistent with the
shutdown state, thus avoiding errors in the total pulse count. If
the target starts moving before t > tPOS_input, the desired wake-up
state may not be correctly set. The sensor will exit POS mode
once either of the output channels has an output transition (i.e.
sufficient target movement).
Channels A and B are set independently of one another.
Figure 11: Output setting at power-on, dual quadrature outputs (APS12626)
Start
Power-On State Seng
Quadrature Speed
Outputs
Pull down Channel A and/or
Channel B if power-down
state was low externally
Turn on sensor supply
Aer V
DD
> V
DD(min)
, wait
minimum (t
ON
+ t
POS_input
)
seconds
Stop pulling down Channel
A and/or Channel B
Start monitoring Channel A/B
Start motor
Condions:
- The sensor supply was turned off
- Before turning off the sensor
supply, the micro-controller stored
the state of Channel A and/or B
- The motor has not moved while
the sensor was turned off
Wait unl the lines have seled
(e.g. 5 × RC of pull-up resistor and
line capacitance)
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
39
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
APS12625
For the Speed and Direction option (APS12625), when the sensor
powers-on, the Speed output is set as A XOR B, and Direction is
in the high state until a transition on internal channels A or B has
been seen.
If one of the channels wakes up with the magnetic input field in
the hysteresis band, then it is possible to set the speed pin value
to be consistent with the state at shutdown. A default value of
high will be assumed by the sensor, unless a low state-setting
pulse is seen during tPOS_input. If the target starts moving before
t > tPOS_input, the desired wake-up state may not be correctly set.
The forcing signal needs to be provided for more than 100 µs, the
minimum Power-On State External Input time (tPOS_input). The
sensor will exit POS mode once either of the output channels has
an output transition (i.e. sufficient target movement).
Figure 12: Output setting at power-on, Speed and Direction (APS12625)
Start
Pull down SPEED Channel if
power-down state was low
Turn on sensor supply
Aer V
DD
> V
DD(min)
, wait
minimum (t
ON
+ t
POS_input
)
seconds
Start motor
Condions:
- The sensor supply was turned off
- Before turning off the sensor
supply, the micro-controller stored
the state of the SPEED channel
- The motor has not moved while
the sensor was turned off
Stop pulling down
SPEED Channel
Power-On State Seng
Speed and Direcon
Outputs
Start monitoring SPEED
transions with DIRECTION
Wait unl the lines have seled
(e.g. 5 × RC of pull-up resistor and
line capacitance)
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
40
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
V
S
CBYP
0.1 µF
VDD
GND
GND
RLOAD RLOAD
Sensor
Output
s
APS12625/6
OUTPUTA
OUTPUTB
R
SERIES
100 Ω
COUT
4.7 nF
*
*
* Optional components for enhanced EMC protection.
Figure 13: Typical Application Circuit
Functional Safety
The APS12625/6 was designed in accordance
with the international standard for automotive
functional safety, ISO 26262:2011. This
product achieves an ASIL (Automotive Safety
Integrity Level) rating of ASIL A according to the standard.
The APS12625/6 is classified as a SEOoC (Safety Element
Out of Context) and can be easily integrated into safety-
critical systems requiring higher ASIL ratings that incorporate
external diagnostics or use measures such as redundancy.
Safety documentation will be provided to support and guide
the integration process. Contact your local FAE for A2-SIL™
documentation: www.allegromicro.com/ASIL.
The APS12625/6 has internal diagnostics to check the voltage
supply (an undervoltage lockout regulator). See the Diagnostics
section for more information.
Applications
An external bypass capacitor must be connected (in close proxim-
ity to the Hall sensor) between the supply and ground of the
device to guarantee correct performance and to reduce noise from
internal circuitry. As shown in Figure 13, a 0.1 µF capacitor is
typical. If the application requires additional EMC protection,
additional components are suggested in gray in the same figure.
Extensive applications information on magnets and Hall-effect
sensors is available in:
• Hall-Effect IC Applications Guide, AN27701,
• Hall-Effect Devices: Guidelines for Designing Subassemblies
Using Hall-Effect Devices, AN27703.1
• Soldering Methods for Allegro’s Products – SMD and
Through-Hole, AN26009
• Air-Gap-Independent Speed and Direction Sensing Using the
Allegro A1262, AN296124
• Improved Speed and Direction Sensing Using Vertical Hall
Technology, AN296130
All are provided on the Allegro website:
www.allegromicro.com
2
-
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
41
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
When using Hall-effect technology, a limiting factor for
switchpoint accuracy is the small signal voltage developed across
the Hall element. This voltage is disproportionally small relative
to the offset that can be produced at the output of the Hall sensor
IC. This makes it difficult to process the signal while maintain-
ing an accurate, reliable output over the specified operating
temperature and voltage ranges. Chopper stabilization is a proven
approach used to minimize Hall offset on the chip.
The Allegro technique, namely Dynamic Quadrature Offset
Cancellation, removes key sources of the output drift induced by
thermal and mechanical stresses. This offset reduction technique
is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. The unde-
sired offset signal is separated from the magnetic field-induced
signal in the frequency domain through modulation.
The subsequent demodulation acts as a modulation process for
the offset, causing the magnetic-field-induced signal to recover
its original spectrum at base band, while the DC offset becomes a
high-frequency signal. The magnetic signal then can pass through
a low-pass filter, while the modulated DC offset is suppressed.
Chopper Stabilization Technique
Amp.
Low-Pass
Filter
Sample and Hold
Clock/Logic
Hall
Element
Figure 14: Model of Chopper Stabilization Technique
The chopper stabilization technique uses a high frequency clock,
generally at hundreds of kilohertz. A sample-and-hold technique
is used for demodulation, where the sampling is performed at
twice the chopper frequency. This high-frequency operation
allows a greater sampling rate, which results in higher accuracy
and faster signal-processing capability. This approach desensi-
tizes the chip to the effects of thermal and mechanical stresses,
and produces devices that have extremely stable quiescent Hall
output voltages and precise recoverability after temperature
cycling. This technique is made possible through the use of a
BiCMOS process, which allows the use of low-offset, low-noise
amplifiers in combination with high-density logic integration and
sample-and-hold circuits.
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
42
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
POWER DERATING
The device must be operated below the maximum junction
temperature of the device, TJ(max). Under certain combinations of
peak conditions, reliable operation may require derating supplied
power or improving the heat dissipation properties of the appli-
cation. This section presents a procedure for correlating factors
affecting operating TJ. (Thermal data is also available on the
Allegro MicroSystems website.)
The Package Thermal Resistance (RθJA) is a figure of merit sum-
marizing the ability of the application and the device to dissipate
heat from the junction (die), through all paths to the ambient air.
Its primary component is the Effective Thermal Conductivity (K)
of the printed circuit board, including adjacent devices and traces.
Radiation from the die through the device case (RθJC) is relatively
small component of RθJA. Ambient air temperature (TA) and air
motion are significant external factors, damped by overmolding.
The effect of varying power levels (Power Dissipation, PD), can
be estimated. The following formulas represent the fundamental
relationships used to estimate TJ at PD.
PD = VIN × IIN (1)
∆T=PD × RθJA (2)
TJ = TA+∆T (3)
For example, given common conditions such as: TA = 25°C,
VDD = 5 V, IDD = 3 mA, and RθJA = 124°C/W for the LH-5 pack-
age, then:
PD = VDD × IDD = 5 V × 3 mA = 15 mW
∆T=PD × RθJA = 15 mW × 124°C/W = 1.9°C
TJ = TA+∆T=25°C+1.9°C=26.9°C
A worst-case estimate (PD(max)) represents the maximum allow-
able power level (VDD(max), IDD(max)), without exceeding TJ(max),
at a selected RθJA and TA.
Example: Reliability for VDD at TA = 150°C, package LH-5,
using low-K PCB.
Observe the worst-case ratings for the device, specifically:
RθJA = 124°C/W, TJ(max) = 165°C, VDD(max) = 5.5 V, and
IDD(max) = 4.5 mA.
Calculate the maximum allowable power level (PD(max)). First,
invert equation 3:
∆Tmax = TJ(max) – TA = 165°C – 150°C = 15°C
This provides the allowable increase to TJ resulting from internal
power dissipation. Then, invert equation 2:
PD(max)=∆Tmax ÷ RθJA = 15°C ÷ 124°C/W = 121 mW
Finally, invert equation 1 with respect to voltage:
VDD(est) = PD(max) ÷ IDD(max)
VDD(est) = 121 mW ÷ 4.5 mA
VDD(est) = 26.9 V
The result indicates that, at TA, the application and device can
dissipate adequate amounts of heat at voltages ≤ VDD(est).
Compare VDD(est) to VDD(max). If VDD(est) ≤ VDD(max), then reli-
able operation between VDD(est) and VDD(max) requires enhanced
RθJA. If VDD(est) ≥ VDD(max), then operation between VDD(est) and
VDD(max) is reliable under these conditions.
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
43
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
PACKAGE OUTLINE DRAWING
B
B
C
C
D
For Reference Only – Not for Tooling Use
(Reference DWG-9069)
Dimensions in millimeters – NOT TO SCALE
Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions
Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown
0.20 MIN
2.40
0.70 0.95
1.00
PCB Reference Layout View
Standard Branding Reference View
NNN
Reference land pattern layout; all pads a minimum of 0.20 mm from all adjacent pads;
adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerance
s
(reference EIA/JEDEC Standard JESD51-5).
Branding Scale and appearance at supplier discretion
Hall Elements (D1, D2, and D3), not to scale
DD
D
D
D
D
D3 D2
D3
D1
D1
D1
D2
D3
D2
D
D
D
D
D
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
0.55
REF 0.25 BSC
0.95
BSC
21
Branded Face
2.90
0.17
REF
0.11
REF
+0.10
–0.20
4° ±4°
8×12°
REF
0.180+0.020
–0.053
0.05+0.10
–0.05
0.25 MIN
1.91+0.19
–0.06
2.98+0.12
–0.08
1.00 ±0.13
0.40 ±0.10
5AZ
AYAX
AXActive Area Depth, X Axis, 1.49 ±0.2
AYActive Area Depth, Y Axis, 1.45 ±0.15
AZActive Area Depth, Z Axis, 0.28 ±0.04
Figure 15: Package LH, 5-Pin SOT23-W
2D Hall-Effect Speed and Direction Sensor ICs
APS12625 and
APS12626
44
Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
955 Perimeter Road
Manchester, NH 03103-3353 U.S.A.
www.allegromicro.com
For the latest version of this document, visit our website:
www.allegromicro.com
Revision History
Number Date Description
– November 15, 2017 Initial release
1 December 19, 2018 Updated Figure 10 and other minor editorial updates
Copyright ©2018, Allegro MicroSystems, LLC
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permit improvements in the performance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that
the information being relied upon is current.
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