LM2661MX/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

LM4861

LM4861 1.1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

Literature Number: SNAS095B

LM4861

1.1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

General Description

The LM4861 is a bridge-connected audio power amplifier

capable of delivering 1.1W of continuous average power to

an 8Ωload with 1% THD+N using a 5V power supply.

Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed specifically to

provide high quality output power with a minimal amount of

external components using surface mount packaging. Since

the LM4861 does not require output coupling capacitors,

bootstrap capacitors, or snubber networks, it is optimally

suited for low-power portable systems.

The LM4861 features an externally controlled, low-power

consumption shutdown mode, as well as an internal thermal

shutdown protection mechanism.

The unity-gain stable LM4861 can be configured by external

gain-setting resistors for differential gains of up to 10 without

the use of external compensation components. Higher gains

may be achieved with suitable compensation.

Key Specifications

jTHD+N for 1kHz at 1W continuous

average output power into 8Ω1.0% (max)

jOutput power at 10% THD+N

at 1kHz into 8Ω1.5W (typ)

jShutdown Current 0.6µA (typ)

Features

nNo output coupling capacitors, bootstrap capacitors, or

snubber circuits are necessary

nSmall Outline (SO) packaging

nCompatible with PC power supplies

nThermal shutdown protection circuitry

nUnity-gain stable

nExternal gain configuration capability

Applications

nPersonal computers

nPortable consumer products

nSelf-powered speakers

nToys and games

Connection Diagram

Small Outline Package

01198602

Top View

Order Number LM4861M

See NS Package Number M08A

Boomer®is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

February 2003

LM4861 1.1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

Typical Application

01198601

FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit

LM4861

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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 2)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage 6.0V

Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C

Input Voltage −0.3V to V

0.3V

Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally limited

ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) 3000V

ESD Susceptibility (Note 5) 250V

Junction Temperature 150˚C

Soldering Information

Small Outline Package

Vapor Phase (60 sec.)

Infrared (15 sec.)

215˚C

220˚C

See AN-450 “Surface Mounting and their Effects on

Product Reliability” for other methods of soldering surface

mount devices.

Operating Ratings

Temperature Range

MIN

≤T

MAX

−40˚C ≤T

≤

+85˚C

Supply Voltage 2.0V ≤V

≤5.5V

Thermal Resistance

(typ) — M08A 35˚C/W

(typ) — M08A 140˚C/W

(typ) — N08E 37˚C/W

(typ) — N08E 107˚C/W

Electrical Characteristics (Note 1) (Note 2)

The following specifications apply for V

= 5V, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for T

= 25˚C.

Symbol Parameter Conditions

LM4861 Units

(Limits)

Typical Limit

(Note 6) (Note 7)

Supply Voltage 2.0 V (min)

5.5 V (max)

Quiescent Power Supply Current V

= 0V, I

= 0A (Note 8) 6.5 10.0 mA (max)

Shutdown Current V

pin1

0.6 10.0 µA (max)

Output Offset Voltage V

= 0V 5.0 50.0 mV (max)

Output Power THD = 1% (max);f=1kHz 1.1 1.0 W(min)

THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise P

= 1Wrms; 20 Hz ≤f≤20 kHz 0.72 %

PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio V

= 4.9V to 5.1V 65 dB

Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.

Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is

functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which

guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit

is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.

Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX,θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum

allowable power dissipation is PDMAX =(T

JMAX −T

A)/θJA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4861, TJMAX = 150˚C,

and the typical junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, when board mounted, is 140˚C/W.

Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kΩresistor.

Note 5: Machine Model, 220pF–240pF discharged through all pins.

Note 6: Typicals are measured at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm.

Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to Nationai’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).

Note 8: The quiescent power supply current depends on the offset voltage when a practical load is connected to the amplifier.

LM4861

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High Gain Application Circuit

Single Ended Application Circuit

01198603

FIGURE 2. Audio Ampiifier with A

=20

01198604

*CSand CBsize depend on specific application requirements and constraints. Typical vaiues of CSand CBare 0.1 µF.

**Pin 1 should be connected to VDD to disable the amplifier or to GND to enable the amplifier. This pin should not be left floating.

***These components create a “dummy” load for pin 8 for stability purposes.

FIGURE 3. Single-Ended Amplifier with A

=−1

LM4861

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External Components Description

(Figures 1, 2)

Components Functional Description

1. R

Inverting input resistance which sets the closed-loop gain in conjunction with R

. This resistor also forms

a high pass filter with C

at f

=1/(2πR

2. C

Input coupling capacitor which blocks DC voltage at the amplifier’s input terminals. Also creates a

highpass filter with R

at f

=1/(2πR

3. R

Feedback resistance which sets closed-loop gain in conjunction with R

4. C

Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Application Information

section for proper placement and selection of supply bypass capacitor.

5. C

Bypass pin capacitor which provides half supply filtering. Refer to the Application Information section

for proper placement and selection of bypass capacitor.

6. C

(Note 9) C

in conjunction with R

creates a low-pass filter which bandwidth limits the amplifier and prevents

possible high frequency oscillation bursts. f

=1/(2πR

)

Note 9: Optional component dependent upon specific design requirements. Refer to the Application Information section for more information.

Typical Performance Characteristics

THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency

01198605 01198606

THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Output Power

01198607 01198609

LM4861

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

THD+N vs Output Power

Output Power vs

Load Resistance

01198610 01198617

Output Power vs

Supply Voltage

Power Dissipation vs

Output Power

01198618

01198616

Noise Floor vs Frequency

Supply Current Distribution

vs Temperature

01198614 01198615

LM4861

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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)

Supply Current vs

Supply Voltage Power Derating Curve

01198612 01198613

Power Supply

Rejection Ratio

Open Loop

Frequency Response

01198620 01198619

LM4861

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Application Information

BRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION

As shown in Figure 1 , the LM4861 has two operational

amplifiers internally, allowing for a few different amplifier

configurations. The first amplifier’s gain is externally config-

urable, while the second amplifier is internally fixed in a

unity-gain, inverting configuration. The closed-loop gain of

the first amplifier is set by selecting the ratio of R

to R

while

the second amplifier’s gain is fixed by the two internal 40kΩ

resistors. Figure 1 shows that the output of amplifier one

serves as the input to amplifier two which results in both

amplifiers producing signals identical in magnitude, but out

of phase 180˚. Consequently, the differential gain for the IC

is:

=2*(R

)

By driving the load differentially through outputs V

and

, an amplifier configuration commonly referred to as

“bridged mode” is established. Bridged mode operation is

different from the classical single-ended amplifier configura-

tion where one side of its load is connected to ground.

A bridge amplifier design has a few distinct advantages over

the single-ended configuration, as it provides differential

drive to the load, thus doubling output swing for a specified

supply voltage. Consequently, four times the output power is

possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the

same conditions. This increase in attainable output power

assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped. In

order to choose an amplifier’s closed-loop gain without caus-

ing excessive clipping which will damage high frequency

transducers used in loudspeaker systems, please refer to

the Audio Power Amplifier Design section.

A bridge configuration, such as the one used in Boomer

Audio Power Amplifiers, also creates a second advantage

over single-ended amplifiers. Since the differential outputs,

and V

, are biased at half-supply, no net DC voltage

exists across the load. This eliminates the need for an output

coupling capacitor which is required in a single supply,

single-ended amplifier configuration. Without an output cou-

pling capacitor in a single supply, single-ended amplifier, the

half-supply bias across the load would result in both in-

creased internal IC power dissipation and also permanent

loudspeaker damage. An output coupling capacitor forms a

high pass filter with the load requiring that a large value such

as 470µF be used with an 8Ωload to preserve low frequency

response. This combination does not produce a flat re-

sponse down to 20Hz, but does offer a compromise between

printed circuit board size and system cost, versus low fre-

quency response.

POWER DISSIPATION

Power dissipation is a major concern when designing a

successful amplifier, whether the amplifier is bridged or

single-ended. A direct consequence of the increased power

delivered to the load by a bridge amplifier is an increase in

internal power dissipation. Equation 1 states the maximum

power dissipation point for a bridge amplifier operating at a

given supply voltage and driving a specified output load.

DMAX

= 4*(V

)

/(2π

) (1)

Since the LM4861 has two operational amplifiers in one

package, the maximum internal power dissipation is 4 times

that of a single-ended amplifier. Even with this substantial

increase in power dissipation, the LM4861 does not require

heatsinking. From Equation 1, assuming a 5V power supply

and an 8Ωload, the maximum power dissipation point is

625mW.The maximum power dissipation point obtained from

Equation 1 must not be greater than the power dissipation

that results from Equation 2:

DMAX

=(T

JMAX

−T

)/θ

(2)

For the LM4861 surface mount package, θ

= 140˚C/W and

JMAX

= 150˚C. Depending on the ambient temperature, T

of the system surroundings, Equation 2 can be used to find

the maximum internal power dissipation supported by the IC

packaging. If the result of Equation 1 is greater than that of

Equation 2, then either the supply voltage must be de-

creased or the load impedance increased. For the typical

application of a 5V power supply, with an 8Ωload, the

maximum ambient temperature possible without violating the

maximum junction temperature is approximately 62.5˚C pro-

vided that device operation is around the maximum power

dissipation point. Power dissipation is a function of output

power and thus, if typical operation is not around the maxi-

mum power dissipation point, the ambient temperature can

be increased. Refer to the Typical Performance Charac-

teristics curves for power dissipation information for lower

output powers.

POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING

As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is

critical for low noise performance and high power supply

rejection. The capacitor location on both the bypass and

power supply pins should be as close to the device as

possible. As displayed in the Typical Performance Charac-

teristics section, the effect of a larger half supply bypass

capacitor is improved low frequency THD+N due to in-

creased half-supply stability. Typical applications employ a

5V regulator with 10µF and a 0.1µF bypass capacitors which

aid in supply stability, but do not eliminate the need for

bypassing the supply nodes of the LM4861. The selection of

bypass capacitors, especially C

, is thus dependant upon

desired low frequency THD+N, system cost, and size con-

straints.

SHUTDOWN FUNCTION

In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the

LM4861 contains a shutdown pin to externally turn off the

amplifier’s bias circuitry. The shutdown feature turns the

amplifier off when a logic high is placed on the shutdown pin.

Upon going into shutdown, the output is immediately discon-

nected from the speaker. A typical quiescent current of 0.6µA

results when the supply voltage is applied to the shutdown

pin. In many applications, a microcontroller or microproces-

sor output is used to control the shutdown circuitry which

provides a quick, smooth transition into shutdown. Another

solution is to use a single-pole, single-throw switch that

when closed, is connected to ground and enables the am-

plifier. If the switch is open, then a soft pull-up resistor of

47kΩwill disable the LM4861. There are no soft pull-down

resistors inside the LM4861, so a definite shutdown pin

voltage must be applied externally, or the internal logic gate

will be left floating which could disable the amplifier unex-

pectedly.

HIGHER GAIN AUDIO AMPLIFIER

The LM4861 is unity-gain stable and requires no external

components besides gain-setting resistors, an input coupling

capacitor, and proper supply bypassing in the typical appli-

cation. However, if a closed-loop differential gain of greater

than 10 is required, a feedback capacitor may be needed, as

shown in Figure 2, to bandwidth limit the amplifier. This

feedback capacitor creates a low pass filter that eliminates

LM4861

www.national.com 8

Application Information (Continued)

possible high frequency oscillations. Care should be taken

when calculating the −3dB frequency in that an incorrect

combination of R

and C

will cause rolloff before 20kHz. A

typical combination of feedback resistor and capacitor that

will not produce audio band high frequency rolloff is R

100kΩand C

= 5pF. These components result in a −3dB

point of approximately 320kHz. Once the differential gain of

the amplifier has been calculated, a choice of R

will result,

and C

can then be calculated from the formula stated in the

External Components Description section.

VOICE-BAND AUDIO AMPLIFIER

Many applications, such as telephony, only require a voice-

band frequency response. Such an application usually re-

quires a flat frequency response from 300Hz to 3.5kHz. By

adjusting the component values of Figure 2, this common

application requirement can be implemented. The combina-

tion of R

and C

form a highpass filter while R

and C

form a

lowpass filter. Using the typical voice-band frequency range,

with a passband differential gain of approximately 100, the

following values of R

, and C

follow from the equa-

tions stated in the External Components Description sec-

tion.

= 10kΩ,R

= 510k ,C

= 0.22µF, and C

= 15pF

Five times away from a −3dB point is 0.17dB down from the

flatband response. With this selection of components, the

resulting −3dB points, f

and f

, are 72Hz and 20kHz, re-

spectively, resulting in a flatband frequency response of

better than ±0.25dB with a rolloff of 6dB/octave outside of

the passband. If a steeper rolloff is required, other common

bandpass filtering techniques can be used to achieve higher

order filters.

SINGLE-ENDED AUDIO AMPLIFIER

Although the typical application for the LM4861 is a bridged

monoaural amp, it can also be used to drive a load single-

endedly in applications, such as PC cards, which require that

one side of the load is tied to ground. Figure 3 shows a

common single-ended application, where V

is used to

drive the speaker. This output is coupled through a 470µF

capacitor, which blocks the half-supply DC bias that exists in

all single-supply amplifier configurations. This capacitor,

designated C

in Figure 3, in conjunction with R

, forms a

highpass filter. The −3dB point of this high pass filter is

1/(2πR

), so care should be taken to make sure that the

product of R

and C

is large enough to pass low frequen-

cies to the load. When driving an 8Ωload, and if a full audio

spectrum reproduction is required, C

should be at least

470µF. V

, the output that is not used, is connected through

a 0.1 µF capacitor to a 2kΩload to prevent instability. While

such an instability will not affect the waveform of V

,itis

good design practice to load the second output.

AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER DESIGN

Design a 1W / 8ΩAudio Amplifier

Given:

Power Output 1 Wrms

Load Impedance 8Ω

Input Level 1 Vrms

Input Impedance 20 kΩ

Bandwidth 100 Hz–20 kHz ±0.25 dB

A designer must first determine the needed supply rail to

obtain the specified output power. By extrapolating from the

Output Power vs Supply Voltage graph in the Typical Per-

formance Characteristics section, the supply rail can be

easily found. A second way to determine the minimum sup-

ply rail is to calculate the required V

opeak

using Equation 3

and add the dropout voltage. Using this method, the mini-

mum supply voltage would be (V

opeak

, where V

typically 0.6V.

(3)

For 1W of output power into an 8Ωload, the required V

opeak

is 4.0V. A minumum supply rail of 4.6V results from adding

opeak

and V

. But 4.6V is not a standard voltage that exists

in many applications and for this reason, a supply rail of 5V

is designated. Extra supply voltage creates dynamic head-

room that allows the LM4861 to reproduce peaks in excess

of 1Wwithout clipping the signal. At this time, the designer

must make sure that the power supply choice along with the

output impedance does not violate the conditions explained

in the Power Dissipation section.

Once the power dissipation equations have been addressed,

the required differential gain can be determined from Equa-

tion 4.

(4)

/ 2 (5)

From equation 4, the minimum A

is 2.83: A

Since the desired input impedance was 20kΩ, and with a A

of 3, a ratio of 1:1.5 of R

to R

results in an allocation of R

20kΩ,R

= 30kΩ. The final design step is to address the

bandwidth requirements which must be stated as a pair of

−3dB frequency points. Five times away from a −3db point is

0.17dB down from passband response which is better than

the required ±0.25dB specified. This fact results in a low and

high frequency pole of 20Hz and 100kHz respectively. As

stated in the External Components section, R

in conjunc-

tion with C

create a highpass filter.

≥1/(2π*20kΩ*20Hz) = 0.397µF; use 0.39µF.

The high frequency pole is determined by the product of the

desired high frequency pole, f

, and the differential gain, A

With a A

= 2 and f

= 100kHz, the resulting GBWP =

100kHz which is much smaller than the LM4861 GBWP of

4MHz. This figure displays that if a designer has a need to

design an amplifier with a higher differential gain, the

LM4861 can still be used without running into bandwidth

problems.

LM4861

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LM4861 MDA MWA

1.1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

01198626

Die Layout (B - Step)

DIE/WAFER CHARACTERISTICS

Fabrication Attributes General Die Information

Physical Die Identification LM4861B Bond Pad Opening Size (min) 83µm x 83µm

Die Step B Bond Pad Metalization ALUMINUM

Physical Attributes Passivation VOM NITRIDE

Wafer Diameter 150mm Back Side Metal BARE BACK

Dise Size (Drawn) 1372µm x 2032µm

54.0mils x 80.0mils

Back Side Connection GND

Thickness 406µm Nominal

Min Pitch 108µm Nominal

Special Assembly Requirements:

Note: Actual die size is rounded to the nearest micron.

Die Bond Pad Coordinate Locations (B - Step)

(Referenced to die center, coordinates in µm) NC = No Connection, N.U. = Not Used

SIGNAL NAME PAD# NUMBER X/Y COORDINATES PAD SIZE

XYX Y

SHUTDOWN 1 -425 710 83 x 83

BYPASS 2 -445 499 83 x 83

NC 3 -445 -34 83 x 170

NC 4 -445 -383 83 x 83

INPUT + 5 -445 -492 83 x 83

INPUT - 6 -352 -710 83 x 83

GND 7 -243 -710 83 x 83

Vo1 8 -91 -710 170 x 83

GND 9 445 -574 83 x 170

VDD 10 445 -2 83 x 170

NC 11 445 387 83 x 83

GND 12 445 633 83 x 170

Vo2 13 -63 710 170 x 83

GND 14 -215 710 83 x 83

LM4861

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LM4861 MDA MWA

1.1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode (Continued)

IN U.S.A

Tel #: 1 877 Dial Die 1 877 342 5343

Fax: 1 207 541 6140

IN EUROPE

Tel: 49 (0) 8141 351492 / 1495

Fax: 49 (0) 8141 351470

IN ASIA PACIFIC

Tel: (852) 27371701

IN JAPAN

Tel: 81 043 299 2308

LM4861

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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)

unless otherwise noted

8-Lead (0.150" Wide) Molded Small Outllne Package, JEDEC (M)

Order Number LM4861

NS Package Number M08A

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DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL

COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:

1. Life support devices or systems are devices or

systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant

into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and

whose failure to perform when properly used in

accordance with instructions for use provided in the

labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a

significant injury to the user.

2. A critical component is any component of a life

support device or system whose failure to perform

can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of

the life support device or system, or to affect its

safety or effectiveness.

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Support Center

Email: new.feedback@nsc.com

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www.national.com

LM4861 1.1W Audio Power Amplifier with Shutdown Mode

National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.

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