Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide April 2001 Core Version 2.0.0 101 Innovation Drive San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 544-7000 http://www.altera.com A-UG-CSCONVERTER-1.0 Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Altera, ACEX, APEX, APEX 20K, APEX 20KE, FLEX, FLEX 10KE, MAX+PLUS II, MegaCore, MegaWizard, OpenCore, and Quartus II are trademarks and/or service marks of Altera Corporation in the United States and other countries. Altera Corporation acknowledges the trademarks of other organizations for their respective products or services mentioned in this document, including the following: Verilog is a registered trademark of Cadence Design Systems, Incorporated. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc. ModelSim is a trademark of Model Technologies. MATLAB is a registered trademark of the MathWorks. Microsoft is a registered trademark and Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Altera products are protected under numerous U.S. and foreign patents and pending applications, maskwork rights, and copyrights. Altera warrants performance of its semiconductor products to current specifications in accordance with Altera's standard warranty, but reserves the right to make changes to any products and services at any time without notice. Altera assumes no responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any information, product, or service described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by Altera Corporation. Altera customers are advised to obtain the latest version of device specifications before relying on any published information and before placing orders for products or services. Copyright 2001 Altera Corporation. All rights reserved. ii Altera Corporation About this User Guide User Guide This user guide provides comprehensive information about the Altera(R) color space converter MegaCore(R) function. Table 1 shows the user guide revision history. Table 1. Revision History Revision 1.0 How to Find Information Altera Corporation Date April 23, 2001 Description Version 1.0 of the user guide. The Adobe Acrobat Find feature allows you to search the contents of a PDF file. Click the binoculars icon in the top toolbar to open the Find dialog box. Bookmarks serve as an additional table of contents. Thumbnail icons, which provide miniature previews of each page, provide a link to the pages. Numerous links, shown in green text, allow you to jump to related information. iii About this User Guide Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide How to Contact Altera For the most up-to-date information about Altera products, go to the Altera world-wide web site at http://www.altera.com. For additional information about Altera products, consult the sources shown in Table 2. Table 2. How to Contact Altera Information Type Access USA & Canada All Other Locations Altera Literature Services Electronic mail lit_req@altera.com (1) lit_req@altera.com (1) Non-technical customer service Telephone hotline (800) SOS-EPLD (408) 544-7000 (7:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Pacific Time) Fax (408) 544-7606 (408) 544-7606 Telephone hotline (800) 800-EPLD (6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Pacific Time) (408) 544-7000 (1) (7:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Pacific Time) Fax (408) 544-6401 (408) 544-6401 (1) Electronic mail dsp@altera.com dsp@altera.com FTP site ftp.altera.com ftp.altera.com Telephone (408) 544-7104 (408) 544-7104 (1) World-wide web site http://www.altera.com http://www.altera.com Technical support General product information Note: (1) iv You can also contact your local Altera sales office or sales representative. Altera Corporation Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Typographic Conventions About this User Guide The Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide uses the typographic conventions shown in Table 3. Table 3. Conventions Visual Cue Meaning Bold Type with Initial Capital Letters Command names, dialog box titles, checkbox options, and dialog box options are shown in bold, initial capital letters. Example: Save As dialog box. Bold type External timing parameters, directory names, project names, disk drive names, filenames, filename extensions, and software utility names are shown in bold type. Examples: fMAX, \maxplus2 directory, d: drive, chiptrip.gdf file. Bold italic type Book titles are shown in bold italic type with initial capital letters. Example: 1999 Device Data Book. Italic Type with Initial Capital Letters Document titles are shown in italic type with initial capital letters. Example: AN 75 (High-Speed Board Design). Italic type Internal timing parameters and variables are shown in italic type. Examples: tPIA, n + 1. Variable names are enclosed in angle brackets (< >) and shown in italic type. Example: <file name>, <project name>.pof file. Initial Capital Letters Keyboard keys and menu names are shown with initial capital letters. Examples: Delete key, the Options menu. "Subheading Title" References to sections within a document and titles of Quartus and MAX+PLUS II Help topics are shown in quotation marks. Example: "Configuring a FLEX 10K or FLEX 8000 Device with the BitBlasterTM Download Cable." Courier type Signal and port names are shown in lowercase Courier type. Examples: data1, tdi, input. Active-low signals are denoted by suffix _n, e.g., reset_n. Anything that must be typed exactly as it appears is shown in Courier type. For example: c:\max2work\tutorial\chiptrip.gdf. Also, sections of an actual file, such as a Report File, references to parts of files (e.g., the AHDL keyword SUBDESIGN), as well as logic function names (e.g., TRI) are shown in Courier. 1., 2., 3., and a., b., c.,... Numbered steps are used in a list of items when the sequence of the items is important, such as the steps listed in a procedure. Bullets are used in a list of items when the sequence of the items is not important. v The checkmark indicates a procedure that consists of one step only. 1 The hand points to information that requires special attention. r The angled arrow indicates you should press the Enter key. f The feet direct you to more information on a particular topic. Altera Corporation v Notes: Contents User Guide About this User Guide ............................................................................iii How to Find Information ......................................................................................................... iii How to Contact Altera ...............................................................................................................iv Typographic Conventions .......................................................................................................... v Specifications ......................................................................................9 Features .......................................................................................................................................... 9 General Description ..................................................................................................................... 9 Functional Description .............................................................................................................. 10 Signals .......................................................................................................................................... 10 MegaWizard Plug-In ................................................................................................................. 10 Performance ................................................................................................................................ 11 Getting Started ................................................................................... 13 Download & Install the Function ............................................................................................. 14 Download the Function ..................................................................................................... 14 Installing the MegaCore Files ........................................................................................... 14 Generating a Custom Color Space Converter MegaCore .................................................... 15 MATLAB Simulation ......................................................................................................... 19 Compiling & Simulating in the Quartus Software ........................................................ 19 Compiling & Simulating in the MAX+PLUS II Software ............................................. 19 Performing Synthesis, Compilation & Post-Routing Simulation ................................ 20 For the Quartus II Software ...................................................................................... 20 For the MAX+PLUS II Software ............................................................................... 21 Configuring a Device ................................................................................................................. 22 References .................................................................................................................................... 22 Altera Corporation vii Notes: Specifications 1 Features General Description Optimized for Altera(R) devices, including the APEXTM, FLEX(R), MercuryTM, and ACEXTM device families Computes one output per clock cycle Typically runs at clock speeds over 100 MHz Supports a variety of conversion functions: - Studio video R'G'B' to Y'CbCr - Y'CbCr to studio video R'G'B' - Computer R'G'B' to Y'CbCr - Y'CbCr to computer R'G'B' - Y'IQ to Y'UV - Computer R'G'B' to Y'UV - Y'UV to computer R'G'B' - User-specified conversion constants Supports signed and unsigned input data widths from 2 to 32 bits Provides user-selectable output precision via parameterizable rounding, saturation, and truncation Generates bit- and cycle-accurate MATLAB models to aid in systemlevel design and analysis Generates MAX+PLUS(R) II and QuartusTM II vector stimulus files Color space conversion is often necessary when transferring data between devices that use different color space models. For example, to transfer a television image to a computer monitor, you may need to convert the image from the Y'CrCb color space to the R'G'B' color space. Conversely, transferring an image from a computer display to a television set may require a transformation from the R'G'B' color space to the Y'CrCb color space. The Altera color space converter MegaCore function can be used to perform these types of color transformations for a variety of applications including image filtering, machine vision, and digital video. A 3-dimensional color space is defined as a mathematical representation of a set of colors, where each color is mapped to three coordinates. The Altera color space converter MegaCore function can transform a color from one 3-dimensional color space to another by multiplying the tristimulus value by a 3 x 4-matrix transform. Altera Corporation 9 Specifications User Guide Specifications Functional Description Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide The color space converter uses the following equation to convert data from one color space to another: X_OUT Y_OUT = Z_OUT c11 c12 c13 c14 A c21 c22 c23 c24 B c31 c32 c33 c34 C 1 Because the inputs are multiplied by constant values, the look-up table (LUT) architecture of FLEX 10K, FLEX 10KE, APEX 20K, APEX 20KE, Mercury, and ACEX devices is ideal for performing the conversion equations. Pre-computing partial products and storing them in look-up tables can provide a smaller, faster implementation than one that can be realized with soft-core multipliers. Signals Figure 1 shows the symbol and signals for the color space converter function. Figure 1. Color Space Converter Symbol CLK X_OUT[ ] SCLR Y_OUT[ ] A[ ] Z_OUT[ ] B[ ] C[ ] MegaWizard Plug-In The color space converter uses an interactive wizard-driven interface to create a customizable, high-speed, area-efficient function. You can use the wizard to: 10 Specify values for the transform matrix by either selecting from a set of standard conversion functions or by manually entering the coefficients. Specify the coefficient width, input width, input representation, and output width. The parameterized coefficient width and input width allow the user to optimize for speed and area based on the system requirements. Optimize the design for performance by specifying input data as unsigned when applicable. Altera Corporation Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Specifications After you have gone through the color space converter wizard, it generates the following files: Performance HDL design file: - AHDL Text Design File (<variation name>.tdf) - VHDL Design File (<variation name>.vhd) - Verilog Design File (<variation name>.v) Block Design Files <variation name>.bsf for the Quartus II software, <variation name>.sym and Symbol Files for the MAX+PLUS II software, which are used to instantiate the function into a schematic design <variation name>.inc file (Verilog HDL and AHDL only) An example core instantiation <variation name>_inst A component declaration file <variation name>.cmp (for VHDL cores) A MATLAB testbench <variation name>.m to aid in system level design and analysis Table 1 provides the resource utilization and maximum clock frequency for the computer R'G'B' to Y'CrCb conversion function. This implementation uses 8-bit unsigned input ports and 10-bit coefficients. Table 1. Color Space Converter Performance Device Software Software Settings LEs Used fMAX (MHz) EPF10K30ETC144-1 MAX+PLUS II Fast global project logic synthesis style fMAX = 200 MHz 358 172.41 EP1K10TC100-1 MAX+PLUS II Fast global project logic synthesis style fMAX = 200 MHz 358 185.18 EPF6016ATC100-1 MAX+PLUS II Fast global project logic synthesis style fMAX = 200 MHz 358 84.47 EPF20K30ETC144-1 Quartus II fMAX = 200 MHz 380 145.73 EP1M120F484C5ES Quartus II fMAX = 200 MHz 380 268.53 Altera Corporation 11 1 Specifications Limit the output precision by truncating or saturating the MSB and/or rounding or truncating the LSB using the built-in precision limiter. Notes: Getting Started User Guide The design walkthrough involves the following steps: 1. Obtain and install the color space converter function. 2. Generate the function for your system using the wizard. 3. Simulate the filter using the wizard-generated MATLAB M-file. 4. Implement the rest of your system using the Altera Hardware Description Language (AHDL), VHDL, Verilog HDL, or schematic entry. 5. Compile your design and perform place-and-route. 6. Perform system verification. 7. License the color space converter function to configure or program the devices. The instructions assume that: Altera Corporation You are using a PC. You are familiar with the Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II software. MAX+PLUS II version 10.0 or higher is installed in the default location or Quartus II version 1.0 or higher is installed in the default location. 13 2 Getting Started The Altera color space converter function provides solutions for integrating DSP functions into your digital system. This section describes how to obtain the color space conversion function, explains how to install it on your PC, and how to implement a function using the wizard. You can test-drive MegaCore functions using the Altera OpenCoreTM feature to simulate the functions within your custom logic. When you are ready to generate programming or configuration files, you should license the function through the Altera web site or through your local Altera sales representative. The color space converter is optimized for Altera APEX 20K, APEX 20KE, FLEX, and ACEX devices, greatly enhancing your productivity by allowing you to focus efforts on the custom logic in the system. Getting Started Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Download & Install the Function You are using the MATLAB software version 6.0 R12 or higher. You are using the OpenCore feature to test-drive the color space converter or you have licensed the function. Before you can start using the color space converter, you must obtain the MegaCore files and install them on your PC. The following instructions describe this process. Download the Function If you have Internet access, you can download MegaCore functions from the Altera web site at http://www.altera.com. Follow the instructions below to obtain the MegaCore functions via the Internet. If you do not have Internet access, you can obtain the MegaCore functions from your local Altera representative. 1. Point your web browser to http://www.altera.com/IPmegastore. 2. Type color space converter in the Keyword Search box of the IP MegaSearch area and click Go. 3. Click the link for the color space converter. 4. Click the line to test-drive the function for free and follow the on-line instructions to save the function to your hard disk. Installing the MegaCore Files To install the files on Windows, follow the instructions below: 14 1. Click Run (Start menu). 2. Type <path name>\<filename>.exe, where <path name> is the location of the downloaded MegaCore function and <filename> is the filename of the function. 3. Click OK. The MegaCore Installer dialog box appears. Follow the on-line instructions to finish installation. 4. After you have finished installing the MegaCore files, you must specify the <installation directory>\Color Space Converter-v2.0\lib directory as a user library in the Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II software. Search for "User Libraries" in Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II Help for instructions on how to add these libraries. Altera Corporation Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Generating a Custom Color Space Converter MegaCore Getting Started This section describes the design flow using the color space converter and the Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II development system. Altera provides a MegaWizard Plug-In with the color space converter, which you can use within the Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II software. The MegaWizard Plug-In Manager lets you create or modify design files to meet the needs of your application. You can then instantiate the megafunction variation in your project. The Altera OpenCore feature allows you to compile and simulate MegaCore functions in the Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II software, to evaluate the functions before purchasing a license. 2 To create a variation of the color space converter follow these steps: Start the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager by choosing the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager command (Tools menu in the Quartus II software, File menu in any MAX+PLUS II application). The MegaWizard Plug-In Manager dialog box is displayed. 1 Refer to Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II Help for more information on how to use the MegaWizard Plug-In Manager. 2. Specify that you want to create a new custom megafunction and click Next. 3. Select Color Space Converter in the DSP MegaCore folder. Choose the language for the output file(s)--either AHDL, VHDL, or Verilog HDL--and specify a folder, <folder name> and name for the output file, <variation name>. Click Next to start the wizard (see Figure 1). 1 Altera Corporation Getting Started 1. <variation name> and <folder name> must be the same name and the same folder that your Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II project use. 15 Getting Started Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Figure 1. Select the Color Space Converter Function 4. Specify the bit width of the input data bus. You can also specify whether the bus is signed or unsigned; the signed representation uses the two's complement numbering scheme (see Figure 2). Click Next. Figure 2. Specify the Bit Width & Number System 16 Altera Corporation Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide 5. Getting Started Specify the coefficients for your matrix transform. You can select a predefined conversion function by turning on the Convert between fundamental color models check box and selecting a predefined function from the drop-down list box; or you can manually enter your own custom transform matrix by turning off Convert between fundamental color models. See Figure 3. Figure 3. Select the Coefficient Values 2 Getting Started 6. After you have specified the coefficients, either by selecting a predefined conversion function or by manually entering them, you can scale the coefficients. Click Next to continue. 7. You can specify whether to use full or limited precision for the converter output (X_OUT, Y_OUT, and Z_OUT). The color space converter determines the output bit width based on the actual coefficient values and the input bit width. These two parameters define the maximum positive and negative output values. The wizard extrapolates the number of bits required to represent that range of values. For full precision, you must use this number of bits in your system. If you choose limited precision, the wizard gives you the option of truncating or saturating the most significant bit (MSB) and/or rounding or truncating the least significant bit (LSB). Saturation and rounding are non-linear operations. See Figure 4. Make your selections and click Next. Altera Corporation 17 Getting Started Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Figure 4. Specify the Precision 8. The wizard displays the files that the wizard will generate. Click Finish to accept your selections and generate the new megafunction variation (see Figure 5). Figure 5. View the Once you have created a megafunction variation, you can integrate it into your custom design. After you have finished your design, you are ready to instantiate it in your system design and compile it. 18 Altera Corporation Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Getting Started MATLAB Simulation The color space converter wizard generates a MATLAB script named <variation name>.m, which provides a set of stimuli to run the bit- and cycle-accurate MATLAB model. Type the name of the script at the MATLAB command prompt to run the script. MATLAB displays the output data on screen. Compiling & Simulating in the Quartus Software 1. Click Start Compilation (Processing Menu) to compile your design. 2. Click Simulation Mode (Processing menu). Choose Simulator Settings (Processing menu) and select the Time/Vectors tab. Turn off the Automatically add Pin to Simulation Output Waveforms option. In the Source of Vector Stimuli box, select <output name>.vec,where <output name> is the name you specified in the color space converter wizard. Click OK. 3. Click Run Simulation (Processing menu) to begin simulation. Compiling & Simulating in the MAX+PLUS II Software The following steps explain how to compile and simulate your design in the MAX+PLUS II software. Altera Corporation 1. In the MAX+PLUS II Compiler, turn on Functional SNF Extractor (Processing menu). 2. Click Start to compile your design. 3. Run the MAX+PLUS II Simulator. The Vector File created by the wizard for your color space converter variation is loaded automatically. Click Start to begin simulation. 4. Once simulation has completed, click the Open SCF button to view the waveform for the design. After you have verified that your design is functionally correct, you are ready to perform system verification. 19 2 Getting Started The following steps explain how to compile and simulate your design in the Quartus II software, and use the test vector configuration file. Getting Started Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Performing Synthesis, Compilation & Post-Routing Simulation The Quartus II and MAX+PLUS II software work seamlessly with tools from all EDA vendors, including Cadence, Exemplar Logic, Mentor Graphics, Synopsys, Synplicity, and Viewlogic. After you have licensed the MegaCore function, you can generate EDIF, VHDL, Verilog HDL, and Standard Delay Output Files from the Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II software and use them with your existing EDA tools to perform functional modeling and post-route simulation of your design. The following sections describe the design flow to compile and simulate your MegaCore variation with a third-party EDA tool. To synthesize your design in a third-party EDA tool and perform post-route simulation, perform the following steps. 1. Create your custom design instantiating a color space converter function. 2. Synthesize the design using your third party EDA tool. Your EDA tool should treat the MegaCore instantiation as a black box by either setting attributes or ignoring the instantiation. 1 For more information on setting compiler options in your third-party EDA tool, refer to the MAX+PLUS II ACCESS Interfaces Guidelines. 3. After compilation, generate a hierarchical netlist file in your thirdparty EDA tool. 4. Open your netlist file in the Quartus II or MAX+PLUS II software. For the Quartus II Software 20 1. Select Compile mode (Processing Menu). 2. Specify the Compiler settings in the Compiler Settings dialog box (Processing menu) or use the Compiler Settings wizard. 3. Specify the user libraries for the project and the order in which the compiler searches the libraries. 4. Specify the input settings for the project. Choose EDA Tool Settings (Project menu). Select Custom EDIF in the Design entry/synthesis tool list. Click Settings. In the EDA Tool Input Settings dialog box, make sure that the relevant tool name or option is selected in the Design Entry/Synthesis Tool list. Altera Corporation Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Getting Started 5. Depending on the type of output file you want, specify Verilog HDL output settings or VHDL output settings in the General Settings dialog box (Project Menu). Use the 1993 VHDL language option. 6. Compile your design. The Quartus II Compiler synthesizes and performs place-and-route on your design, and generates output and programming files. 7. Import your Quartus II-generated output files (.edo, .vho, .vo, or .sdo) into your third-party EDA tool for post-route, device-level, and system-level simulation. Getting Started For the MAX+PLUS II Software 1. Set your EDIF file as the current project. 2. Choose EDIF Netlist Reader Settings (Interfaces menu). 3. In the EDIF Netlist Reader Settings dialog box, select the vendor for your EDIF netlist file in the Vendor drop-down list box and click OK. 4. Make logic option and/or place-and-route assignments for your custom logic using the commands in the Assign menu. 5. In the MAX+PLUS II Compiler, make sure Functional SNF Extractor (Processing menu) is turned off. 6. Turn on the Verilog Netlist Writer or VHDL Netlist Writer command (Interfaces menu), depending on the type of output file you want to use in your third-party simulator. Use the 1993 VHDL language option. 7. Compile your design. The MAX+PLUS II Compiler synthesizes and performs place-and-route on your design, and generates output and programming files. 8. Import your MAX+PLUS II-generated output files (.edo, .vho, .vo, or .sdo) into your third-party EDA tool for post-route, device-level, and system-level simulation. 1 Altera Corporation 2 For more information on setting compiler options in your thirdparty EDA tool, refer to the MAX+PLUS II ACCESS Key Guidelines. 21 Getting Started Color Space Converter MegaCore Function User Guide Configuring a Device After you have compiled and analyzed your design, you are ready to configure your targeted Altera device. If you are evaluating the MegaCore function with the OpenCore feature, you must license the function before you can generate configuration files. References Jack, Keith. Video Demystified, A Handbook for the Digital Engineer. Second Edition. Solana Beach: Hightext Publications, 1996. This book discusses fundamental computer-video applications, including color space conversion considerations such as equations, data word saturation, and data word rounding. ISBN: 1-878707-23-X (paperback edition), Library of Congress catalog card number: 96-076446. 22 Altera Corporation