CONTROLLED AVALANCHE | 1N4529-30 Silicon Rectifier 1N4531 SEE PAGE 205 1N4532-34 SEE PAGE 262 35A Avg. Up to 1200V 1N4536 SEE PAGE 205 CONTROLLED AVALANCHE RECTIFIERS FROM GENERAL ELECTRIC Feature These Advances in Silicon Rectifier Diode Applications: Self-protection against normal voltage transients. Dissipates up to 12,000 watts peak power in the reverse direction. Permits decreased PRV safety factors in equipment due to greatly reduced transient voltage vulnerability. e Unmatched standards of reliability at PRVs up to 1200 volts, as well as at lower voltages. e@ Protection of other circuit components against overvoltage through rigidly specified maximum/minimum avalanche characteristics. @ Make ideal voltage equalizing elements for series connected SCRs and conven- tional rectifier diodes. Also for anode triggering SCRs to prevent damage from voltage transients in the forward direction. e@ Simplified series operation of rectifiers in high-voltage applications . . . no shunt- ing resistors necessary for Controlled Avalanche Rectifiers. Makes possible com- pact high-voltage assemblies. @ Can operate in the avalanche breakdown region at high voltages ... unharmed by hi-pot and megger tests. To be designated Controlled Avalanche a GE silicon rectifier diode must: 1. Have rigidly specified maximum and minimum avalanche voltage characteristics ; 2. Be able to operate in its avalanche region without damage at any junction temperature up to a maximum of 175C; and 3. Be able to absorb momentary power surges in the avalanche region, and have ratings defining this capa- bility at starting junction temperatures of 25C and 175C. For information on the application of Controlled Avalanche Rectifiers, see Publication No. 200.27, An Introduction To The Controlled Avalanche Silicon Rectifier. Copies may be obtained from: General Electric Company, Distribution Services, Bldg. 6, Room 208, 1 River Road, Schenectady, New York 12305. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE RATINGS Repetitive & Working Peak Reverse Voltage* MINIMUM Avalanche Breakdown | MAXIMUM Avalanche Breakdown Full-Load Reverse Current Type Vam(rep), Vaa(wkg) Voltage, BVr, (5 mA test Voltage, BVr, (5 mA test (full-eycle avg., 115C Tc, T; = 65C to +175C current at Ty = 25C) current at Ty = 25C) 1 ), lraw (Note: 1) Volts** Volts Volts Milliamperes** 1N4529,R 1000 1250 1550 2.5 1N4530.R 1200 1500 1930 2.0 Average Forward Current, Io (Tc = +115C, single phase) . 35 Amperes** Peak One-Cycle Surge Current (non-repetitive), Ip. (surge) _ 500 Amperes** Minimum I?t Rating (see Curve 6) __....... a .. 500 Ampere? seconds Reverse Power Surge (non-repetitive, 10 usec., square wave) Ty = +25C __ . Coe en 12 Kilowatts T; = +175C nn nent 4.5 Kilowatts (For other conditions, see Curve 2) Average DC Reverse Power in Breakdown Region (65C = T, = +115C) (Note: 2) _.--...------ 20 Watts** Peak Reverse Power in Breakdown Region (repetitive) (Note: 2)... 100 Watts Forward Peak Voltage Drop, Vix (To = +115C, Io = 12 ampere avg.) _____-..__--_------------ 1.4 Volts** Thermal Resistance, 6.........-.-..--.----.------ _.. . 1.0C/Watt Operating Junction Temperature, T; .......... Storage Temperature, Tat, on 65C to +175C** i . 65C to +200C** Stud Torque... ee . 30 Lb-in *Maximum voltages apply with a heatsink thermal resistance of 8C/watt, or less, at maximum rated junction temperature. 35 Kg-cm **Indicates values included in JEDEC Type Number Registration. NOTES: (1) Vrmu(rep) applies for a conventional AC to DC conversion application. Vru(rep) and Vrau(wkg) can be considered unlimited providing that the addi- tional reverse power generation is taken into account by allowing for its influence on the forward current rating. Considerations similar to voltage regulator diode applications would apply. (2) These ratings assume no forward power dissipation. In applications requiring both forward and reverse average power dissipation, reduce case tem- perature as determined from the maximum case temperature versus average forward current curve by 2.0C for every watt of average reverse power lissipation. (3) Case temperature, Tc, is measured at the center of any one of the hex flats. 282DASHED CURVES - INITIAL Ty = 25C SOLID CURVES INITIAL Ty #178*C CURVES MEET EQUATION 14-63; 2K Say A v Kei} . PEAK REVERSE CURRENT AMPERES OVERLOAD MAY BE AFTER THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM HAS AGAIN BEEN ESTABLISHED 10 20 40 660 80 100 200 400 600 8001000 2000 40006000 10,000 SQUARE WAVE PULSE DURATION (t)# SECONDS 1. NON-RECURRENT REVERSE SURGE CURRENT RATINGS BE REPEATED AFTER THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM HAS AGAIN PEAK REVERSE POWER- WATTS lo 20 40 60 80100 200 400 6008001000 2000 40006000 10,000 SQUARE WAVE PULSE DURATION MICROSECONDS 2. NON-RECURRENT REVERSE POWER SURGE 10 (75, |. CURVES SHOW MAX @& MIN AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN VOLTAGES FOR ALL PRV 2. BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE INCREASES APPROX 0.1%/*C WITH INCREASING T, 60 4 790 & 5 = z E iso & 80 3 70 1200 5 140 y Vewatukg) 3 & IN4529 4 5 60 a @ 7 850 q 2 120 g 40 3 5 = 2 30 3 = Tt) FOR CONVENTIONAL & RECTIFICATION, REFER TO 2 NOTE (11 FOLLOWING "MAXIMUM 100 ALLOWABLE RATINGS 3 200 400 600 600 loco (200 1400 1600 1800 2000 INSTANTANEOUS REVERSE VOLTAGE -VOLTS AVERAGE FORWARD CURRENT-AMPERES. 3. REVERSE CHARACTERISTICS 4. MAXIMUM CASE TEMPERATURE VS. 283 AVERAGE FORWARD CURRENTg 124 RATING~ AMPERE SECONDS a a 8 3 . 8 FORWARD SURGE CURRENT- AMPERES RMS PEAK HALF SINE WAVE FORWARD CURRENT ~ AMPERES 8 2 3 4 8 6 7890 6 8 10 zo 40 60 PULSE TIME MICROSECONDS CYCLES AT 60 Hz Ly * 5. MAXIMUM FORWARD SURGE CURRENT 6. SUBCYCLE SURGE FORWARD CURRENT AND I*t FOLLOWING RATED LOAD CONDITIONS RATING FOLLOWING RATED LOAD CONDITIONS i000 800 600 400 200 100 ao oD oo b o Y FORWARD POWER OISSIPATION-WATTS Ty#25C PP MO o 000 20 o- ao s 10 5 20 25 30 cS INSTANTANEOUS FORWARD CURRENT-AMPERES 8 AVERAGE FORWARD CURRENT -AMPERES 8. FORWARD POWER AS A FUNCTION OF AVERAGE FORWARD CURRENT (T; = +175C) B tv Ol 0.08 150 004 8 & 002 z if oo! 3ioe "0 5 to 15 20 25 30 35 g INSTANTANEOUS FORWARD VOLTAGE-VOLTS i. z 5 7. MAXIMUM FORWARD CHARACTERISTICS g 50 NOTE: CURVE DEFINES TEMPERATURE RISE OF JUNCTION ABOVE HEAT SINK FOR SINGLE LOAD PULSE OF DURATION t. PEAK ALLOWABLE DiS- SIPATION IN RECTIFIER FOR TIME Ty, IF STARTING FROM HEAT SINK TEMPERATURE, EQUALS 175C (MAX Ty) MINUS MAXIMUM HEAT SINK TEMPERATURE DIVIDED BY THE TRANSIENT THERMAL IMPEDANCE. I7SC-THEAT SINK 25 PEAK * to 001 002 Doe 02 04 0608) 2 4 6 810 20 40 60800 2 40 6080100 PEAK SQUARE WAVE POWER ON TIME-SECONDS 9. MAXIMUM TRANSIENT THERMAL IMPEDANCE 284 JUNCTION TO HEATSINKOUTLINE DRAWING INCHES MILLIMETERS DIRECTION OF FOWARD CURRENT FLOW: YMBOL u a NOTES } FORWARD POLARITY IN. MAX. | MIN. MAX. >} REVERSE POLARITY A 450 1143 TERM. | b 375 9.53| 2 pee C .080 2.03 + $D 667 16.94 E .667 | .687 | 16.94] 17.45 "| F AIS | .200} 2.92} 5.08 SEATING }+ A a PLANE pan NOTES: Fy .060 1.52 L.COMPLETE THREADS TO EXTEND TO WITHIN 2-1/2 1.000 2540 THREADS OF SEATING PLANE. : : 2. ANGULAR ORIENTATION OF TERMINAL IS UNDEFINED. 1 156 3.96 4 3. 1/4-28 UNF- 2A, MAXIMUM PITCH DIAMETER OF PLATED ; THREADS SHALL BE BASIC PITCH DIAMETER (.2268" 5.74 MM) $M | 220) .249]| 559) 632] | REF. (SCREW THREAD STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL SERVICES N 422 | 453 } 10.72] 11.5) 4 1257) HANDBOOK H28 1957 P|. . MINI . ft 140 | .175 | 356 | 4.45 EIA-NEMA STANDARD OUTLINE, NEMA SK-51- EIA RS-241. W 1,3 INSULATING HARDWARE IS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST. COMPLIES WITH EtA REGISTERED OUTLINE DO-5 TRY THESE SIMPLE TESTS TO PROVE HOW SUPERIOR CONTROLLED AVALANCHE RECTIFIERS ARE COMPARED TO OTHER RECTIFIERS: True Controlled Avalanche Rectifiers Will Not Be Damaged In Any Way By These Tests. STEADY-STATE This test operates the rectifier in its high volt- age avalanche region at a continuous power dissipation level of approximately 10 watts, at avalanche voltages over 800 volts. This is a test for surface stability at high voltage. ADJUST FOR R OHMS 3KV PEAK VOLTAGE 5 WATTS ON TRANSFORMER SECONDARY 3) 3 | TEST RECTIFIERS 5 SHOULD BE uz vac 3 MOUNTED TO HEATSINK 3 $ | TO PREVENT THERMAL 3 RUNAWAY. CASE TO ?* AMBIENT THERMAL RESISTANCE SHOULD a NOT EXCEED 28C/W. UTC $-47 TRANSFORMER OR EQUAL. 17 VOLT PRI. 3KV SEC., 30 MA. MIN. Test Rectifier R Ohms 1N4529 50K 1N4530 50K REVERSE IMPULSE This tests the ability of the rectifier to with- stand high transient voltages and to dissipate high levels of peak power in the reverse direc- tion. Peak reverse power for rectifiers with avalanche voltages above 800 volts is over 500 watts in this circuit. NEEDLE SPARK GAP. {0 KV RECTIFIER ADJUST FOR SPARKOVER (G-E 4JA42IEH20ABI AT 5000 VOLT: R OHMS, 2 WATT CURRENT LIMITING RESISTOR. "7 vac VOLTAGE PROBE TEST RECTIFIER 7 UTC S-49 TRANSFORMER OR EQUAL. II7 VOLT PRI, 10 OHMS 4KV SECONDARY, 10 MA. MIN. (DO NOT GROUND TRANSFORMER CASE) CURRENT PROBE Test The impulse voltage Rectifier R Ohms and current in the test 1N4529 6K rectifier can be viewed 1N4530 6K by connecting a scope between the indicated voltage and current taps and ground. FACTORY CONTROL TESTS General Electric Controlled Avalanche Rectifiers are subjected to rigorous tests to assure capability to the above conditions. In addition, production units undergo tests to control: @ Minimum/maximum avalanche voltage e Elevated temperature reverse current Package leaks (helium leak test) @ Internal thermal resistance @ 5 temperature cycles (65 to +175C) @ 500 ampere forward surge current capability @ Forward voltage drop e Reverse power surge 285