LP2981
LP2981 Micropower 100 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator in SOT-23 Package
Literature Number: SNOS773J
January 15, 2009
LP2981
Micropower 100 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator in
SOT-23 Package
General Description
The LP2981 is a 100 mA, fixed-output voltage regulator de-
signed specifically to meet the requirements of battery-pow-
ered applications.
Using an optimized VIP® (Vertically Integrated PNP) process,
the LP2981 delivers unequaled performance in all specifica-
tions critical to battery-powered designs:
Dropout Voltage. Typically 200 mV @ 100 mA load, and
7 mV @ 1 mA load.
Ground Pin Current. Typically 600 μA @ 100 mA load, and
80 μA @ 1 mA load.
Sleep Mode. Less than 1 μA quiescent current when ON/
OFF pin is pulled low.
Precision Output. 0.75% tolerance output voltages avail-
able (A grade).
Nine voltage options, from 2.5V to 5.0V, are available as
standard products.
Features
■Ultra low dropout voltage
■Output voltage accuracy 0.75% (A Grade)
■Guaranteed 100 mA output current
■< 1 μA quiescent current when shutdown
■Low ground pin current at all load currents
■High peak current capability (300 mA typical)
■Wide supply voltage range (16V max)
■Fast dynamic response to line and load
■Low ZOUT over wide frequency range
■Overtemperature/overcurrent protection
■−40°C to +125°C junction temperature range
Applications
■Cellular Phone
■Palmtop/Laptop Computer
■Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
■Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera
Block Diagram
1250601
VIP® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
© 2009 National Semiconductor Corporation 12506 www.national.com
LP2981 Micropower 100 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator in SOT-23 Package
Connection Diagram
5-Lead Small Outline Package (SOT-23)
1250602
Top View
See NS Package Number MF05A
Pin Descriptions
Name Pin
Number Function
VIN 1 Input Voltage
GND 2 Common Ground (device substrate)
ON/OFF 3 Logic high enable input
N/C 4 Post package trim - do not connect to this pin
VOUT 5 Regulated output voltage
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LP2981
Ordering Information
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Order Information
Output
Voltage (V) Grade Order
Information
Package
Marking Supplied as:
2.5
ALP2981AIM5X-2.5 L0CA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981AIM5-2.5 L0CA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2981IM5X-2.5 L0CB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981IM5-2.5 L0CB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.7 ALP2981AIM5X-2.7 L0DA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981AIM5-2.7 L0DA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2981IM5-2.7 L0DB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.8
ALP2981AIM5X-2.8 L77A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981AIM5-2.8 L77A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2981IM5X-2.8 L77B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981IM5-2.8 L77B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0
ALP2981AIM5X-3.0 L05A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981AIM5-3.0 L05A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2981IM5X-3.0 L05B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981IM5-3.0 L05B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.2 A LP2981AIM5X-3.2 L35A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3
ALP2981AIM5X-3.3 L04A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981AIM5-3.3 L04A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2981IM5X-3.3 L04B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981IM5-3.3 L04B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.6
ALP2981AIM5X-3.6 L0JA 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981AIM5-3.6 L0JA 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2981IM5X-3.6 L0JB 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981IM5-3.6 L0JB 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.8 A LP2981AIM5-3.8 L36A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2981IM5-3.8 L36B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0
ALP2981AIM5X-5.0 L03A 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981AIM5-5.0 L03A 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
STD LP2981IM5X-5.0 L03B 3000 Units on Tape and Reel
LP2981IM5-5.0 L03B 1000 Units on Tape and Reel
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LP2981
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C
Operating Junction Temperature
Range −40°C to +125°C
Lead Temperature
(Soldering, 5 sec.) 260°C
ESD Rating (Note 2) 2 kV
Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited
Input Supply Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V
Input Supply Voltage (Operating) 2.1V to +16V
Shutdown Input Voltage (Survival) −0.3V to +16V
Output Voltage (Survival, (Note 4)) −0.3V to +9V
IOUT (Survival) Short Circuit Protected
Input-Output Voltage
(Survival, (Note 5) −0.3V to +16V
Electrical Characteristics
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and limits in boldface type applyover the full operating temperature range. Unless
otherwise specified: VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V, CIN = 1 μF, IL = 1 mA, COUT = 4.7 μF,VON/OFF = 2V.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ LP2981AI-XX LP2981I-XX Units
(Note 6) (Note 6)
Min Max Min Max
ΔVOOutput Voltage Tolerance IL = 1mA −0.75 0.75 −1.25 1.25
%VNOM
1 mA < IL < 100 mA −1.0 1.0 −2.0 2.0
−2.5 2.5 −3.5 3.5
Output Voltage VO(NOM) + 1V 0.007 0.014 0.014 %/V
Line Regulation ≤ VIN ≤ 16V 0.032 0.032
VIN–VODropout Voltage IL = 0 1 3 3 mV
(Note 7) 5 5
IL = 1 mA 7 10 10
15 15
IL = 25 mA 70 100 100
150 150
IL = 100 mA 200 250 250
375 375
IGND Ground Pin Current IL = 0 65 95 95 μA
125 125
IL = 1 mA 80 110 110
170 170
IL = 25 mA 200 300 300
550 550
IL = 100 mA 600 800 800
1500 1500
VON/OFF < 0.3V 0.01 0.8 0.8
VON/OFF < 0.15V 0.05 2 2
VON/OFF ON/OFF Input Voltage High = O/P ON 1.4 1.6 1.6 V
(Note 8) Low = O/P OFF 0.50 0.15 0.15
ION/OFF ON/OFF Input Current VON/OFF = 0 0.01 −1 −1 μA
VON/OFF = 5V 5 15 15
IO(PK) Peak Output Current VOUT ≥ VO(NOM) − 5% 400 150 150 mA
enOutput Noise BW = 300 Hz–50 kHz, 160 μV
Voltage (RMS) COUT = 10 μF
Ripple Rejection f = 1 kHz 63 dB
COUT = 10 μF
IO(MAX) Short Circuit Current RL = 0 (Steady State) 150 mA
(Note 9)
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LP2981
Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the
device outside of its rated operating conditions.
Note 2: The ESD rating of pins 3 and 4 for the SOT-23 package is 1 kV.
Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ(MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJA,
and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using:
The value of θJA for the SOT-23 package is 220°C/W. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator
will go into thermal shutdown.
Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP2981 output must be diode-clamped to ground.
Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the VIN and VOUT terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Reversing the polarity from VIN to
VOUT will turn on this diode (see Application Hints).
Note 6: Limits are 100% production tested at 25°C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality
Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National's Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential.
Note 8: The ON/OFF inputs must be properly driven to prevent misoperation. For details, refer to Application Hints.
Note 9: See Typical Performance Characteristics curve(s).
Typical Application Circuit
1250604
*ON/OFF input must be actively terminated. Tie to VIN if this function is not to be used.
**Minimum Output Capacitance is shown to insure stability over full load current range. More capacitance provides superior dynamic performance and additional
stability margin (see Application Hints).
***Do not make connections to this pin.
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LP2981
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: TA = 25°C, VIN = VO(NOM) + 1V,
COUT = 4.7 μF, CIN = 1 μF all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN.
Output Voltage vs
Temperature
1250606
Output Voltage vs
Temperature
1250607
Output Voltage vs
Temperature
1250608
Dropout Characteristics
1250609
Dropout Characteristics
1250610
Dropout Characteristics
1250611
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LP2981
Dropout Voltage vs
Temperature
1250612
Dropout Voltage vs
Load Current
1250613
Ground Pin Current vs
Temperature
1250614
Ground Pin Current vs
Load Current
1250615
Input Current vs VIN
1250616
Input Current vs VIN
1250617
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LP2981
Line Transient Response
1250618
Line Transient Response
1250619
Load Transient Response
1250620
Load Transient Response
1250621
Load Transient Response
1250622
Load Transient Response
1250623
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LP2981
Short Circuit Current
1250624
Instantaneous Short Circuit
Current vs Temperature
1250625
Short Circuit Current
1250626
Instantaneous Short Circuit
Current vs Output Voltage
1250627
Output Impedance vs
Frequency
1250628
Ripple Rejection
1250629
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LP2981
Output Noise Density
1250630
Output Impedance vs
Frequency
1250631
Input to Output Leakage
vs Temperature
1250632
Output Reverse Leakage vs
Temperature
1250633
Turn-On Waveform
1250634
Turn-Off Waveform
1250635
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LP2981
ON/OFF Pin Current vs
VON/OFF
1250636
ON/OFF Threshold
vs Temperature
1250637
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LP2981
Application Hints
EXTERNAL CAPACITORS
Like any low-dropout regulator, the external capacitors used
with the LP2981 must be carefully selected to assure regula-
tor loop stability.
Input Capacitor: An input capacitor whose value is ≥ 1 μF
is required with the LP2981 (amount of capacitance can be
increased without limit).
This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than
0.5″ from the input pin of the LP2981 and returned to a clean
analog ground. Any good quality ceramic or tantalum can be
used for this capacitor.
Output Capacitor: The output capacitor must meet both the
requirement for minimum amount of capacitance and E.S.R.
(equivalent series resistance) value. Curves are provided
which show the allowable ESR range as a function of load
current for various output voltages and capacitor values (refer
to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4).
Important: The output capacitor must maintain its ESR in the
stable region over the full operating temperature range to as-
sure stability. Also, capacitor tolerance and variation with
temperature must be considered to assure the minimum
amount of capacitance is provided at all times.
This capacitor should be located not more than 0.5″ from the
output pin of the LP2981 and returned to a clean analog
ground.
CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS
Tantalum: Tantalum capacitors are the best choice for use
with the LP2981. Most good quality tantalums can be used
with the LP2981, but check the manufacturer's data sheet to
be sure the ESR is in range.
It is important to remember that ESR increases at lower tem-
peratures and a capacitor that is near the upper limit for
stability at room temperature can cause instability when it gets
cold.
In applications which must operate at very low temperatures,
it may be necessary to parallel the output tantalum capacitor
with a ceramic capacitor to prevent the ESR from going up
too high (see next section for important information on ce-
ramic capacitors).
Ceramic: Ceramic capacitors are not recommended for use
at the output of the LP2981. This is because the ESR of a
ceramic can be low enough to go below the minimum stable
value for the LP2981. A 2.2 μF ceramic was measured and
found to have an ESR of about 15 mΩ, which is low enough
to cause oscillations.
If a ceramic capacitor is used on the output, a 1Ω resistor
should be placed in series with the capacitor.
Aluminum: Because of large physical size, aluminum elec-
trolytics are not typically used with the LP2981. They must
meet the same ESR requirements over the operating tem-
perature range, more difficult because of their steep increase
at cold temperature.
An aluminum electrolytic can exhibit an ESR increase of as
much as 50X when going from 20°C to −40°C. Also, some
aluminum electrolytics are not operational below −25°C be-
cause the electrolyte can freeze.
1250638
FIGURE 1. 5V/3.3 μF ESR Curves
1250639
FIGURE 2. 5V/10 μF ESR Curves
1250640
FIGURE 3. 3V/3.3 μF ESR Curves
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LP2981
1250642
FIGURE 4. 3V/10 μF ESR Curves
REVERSE CURRENT PATH
The internal PNP power transistor used as the pass element
in the LP2981 has an inherent diode connected between the
regulator output and input. During normal operation (where
the input voltage is higher than the output) this diode is re-
verse biased (See Figure 5).
1250641
FIGURE 5. LP2981 Reverse Current Path
However, if the input voltage is more than a VBE below the
output voltage, this diode will turn ON and current will flow into
the regulator output. In such cases, a parasitic SCR can latch
which will allow a high current to flow into the VIN pin and out
the ground pin, which can damage the part.
The internal diode can also be turned on if the input voltage
is abruptly stepped down to a voltage which is a VBE below
the output voltage.
In any application where the output voltage may be higher
than the input voltage, an external Schottky diode must be
connected from VIN to VOUT (cathode on VIN, anode on
VOUT. See Figure 6), to limit the reverse voltage across the
LP2981 to 0.3V (see Absolute Maximum Ratings)
1250643
FIGURE 6. Adding External Schottky Diode Protection
ON/OFF INPUT OPERATION
The LP2981 is shut off by pulling the ON/OFF input low, and
turned on by driving the input high. If this feature is not to be
used, the ON/OFF input should be tied to VIN to keep the reg-
ulator on at all times (the ON/OFF input must not be left
floating).
To ensure proper operation, the signal source used to drive
the ON/OFF input must be able to swing above and below the
specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds which guarantee
an ON or OFF state (see Electrical Characteristics).
The ON/OFF signal may come from either a totem-pole out-
put, or an open-collector output with pull-up resistor to the
LP2981 input voltage or another logic supply. The high-level
voltage may exceed the LP2981 input voltage, but must re-
main within the Absolute Maximum Ratings for the ON/OFF
pin.
It is also important that the turn-on/turn-off voltage signals
applied to the ON/OFF input have a slew rate which is greater
than 40 mV/μs.
IMPORTANT: The regulator shutdown function will not oper-
ate correctly if a slow-moving signal is applied to the ON/OFF
input.
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LP2981
Notes
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LP2981
Notes
LP2981 Micropower 100 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator in SOT-23 Package
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