LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4040/4041 Precision Micropower Shunt Voltage Reference General Description Features Ideal for space critical applications, the LM4040 and LM4041 precision voltage references are available in the subminiature (3mm x 1.3mm) SOT-23 surface-mount package. The LM4040 is the available in fixed reverse breakdown voltages of 2.500V, 4.096V and 5.000V. The LM4041 is available with a fixed 1.225V or an adjustable reverse breakdown voltage. The minimum operating current ranges from 60A for the LM4041-1.2 to 74A for the LM4040-5.0. LM4040 versions have a maximum operating current of 15mA. LM4041 versions have a maximum operating current of 12mA. The LM4040 and LM4041 have bandgap reference temperature drift curvature correction and low dynamic impedance, ensuring stable reverse breakdown voltage accuracy over a wide range of operating temperatures and currents. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel's web site at www.micrel.com. * * * * Small SOT-23 package No output capacitor required Tolerates capacitive loads Fixed reverse breakdown voltages of 1.225, 2.500V, 4.096V and 5.000V * Adjustable reverse breakdown version * Contact Micrel for parts with extended temperature range. Key Specifications * Output voltage tolerance ............................. 0.1% (max) * Low output noise (10Hz to 100Hz) LM4040 ................................................ 35VRMS (typ) LM4041 ................................................ 20VRMS (typ) * Wide operating current range LM4040 ................................................ 60A to 15mA LM4041 ................................................ 60A to 12mA * Industrial temperature range .................. -40C to +85C * Low temperature coefficient ................ 100ppm/C (max) Applications * * * * * * * * Battery-powered equipment Data acquisition systems Instrumentation Process control Energy management Product testing Automotive electronics Precision audio components Typical Applications VS VS RS VR LM4040 LM4041 RS I Q + IL IL VR VO R1 VO LM4041 Adjustable IQ Figure 1. LM4040, LM4041 Fixed Shunt Regulator Application VO = 1.233 (R2/R1 + 1) R2 Figure 2. LM4041 Adjustable Shunt Regulator Application Micrel, Inc. * 1849 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com August, 2004 1 M9999-081604 LM4040/4041 Micrel Pin Configuration + 1 FB 1 3 3- - + 2 2 Pin 3 must float or be connected to pin 2. Fixed Version SOT-23 (M3) Package Top View Adjustable Version SOT-23 (M3) Package Top View Ordering Information Part Number Voltage Accuracy, Temp. Coefficient Part Number Voltage Accuracy, Temp. Coefficient LM4040CIM3-2.5 2.500V 0.5%, 100ppm/C LM4041CIM3-1.2 1.225V 0.5%, 100ppm/C LM4040DIM3-2.5 2.500V 1.0%, 150ppm/C LM4041DIM3-1.2 1.225V 1.0%, 150ppm/C LM4040CIM3-4.1 4.096V 0.5%, 100ppm/C LM4041CIM3-ADJ 1.24V to 10V 0.5%, 100ppm/C LM4040DIM3-4.1 4.096V 1.0%, 150ppm/C LM4041DIM3-ADJ 1.24V to 10V 1.0%, 150ppm/C LM4040CIM3-5.0 5.000V 0.5%, 100ppm/C LM4041CYM3-1.2 1.225V LM4040DIM3-5.0 5.000V 1.0%, 150ppm/C 0.5%, 100ppm/C Pb free LM4040CYM3-2.5 2.500V 1.0%, 100ppm/C Pb free LM4041CYM3-ADJ 1.24V to 10V 0.5%, 100ppm/C Pb free LM4040CYM3-5.0 5.000V 1.0%, 100ppm/C Pb free LM4041DYM3-1.2 1.225V 0.5%, 150ppm/C Pb free SOT-23 Package Markings Example Field Code R__ 1st Character R = Reference Y__ 1st Character Y = Pb-Free Example: R2C represents Reference, 2.500V, 0.5% (LM4040CIM3-2.5) Example: Y1C represents Pb-Free, 1.225V, 0.5% (LM4040CYM3-1.2) M9999-081604 Example _2_ Field Code 2nd Character 1 = 1.225V 2 = 2.500V 4 = 4.096V 5 = 5.000V A = Adjustable Example __C Field Code 3rd Character C = 0.5% D = 1.0% X=0.5% Pb-Free Y=1.0% Pb-Free Note: If 3rd character is omitted, container will indicate tolerance. 2 August, 2004 LM4040/4041 Micrel + + VREF FB Functional Diagram LM4040, LM4041 Fixed Functional Diagram LM4041 Adjustable Absolute Maximum Ratings Operating Ratings (Notes 1 and 2) Reverse Current ......................................................... 20mA Forward Current ......................................................... 10mA Maximum Output Voltage LM4041-Adjustable ................................................... 15V Power Dissipation at TA = 25C (Note 2) ................ 306mW Storage Temperature ............................... -65C to +150C Lead Temperature Vapor phase (60 seconds) .............................. +215C Infrared (15 seconds) ...................................... +220C ESD Susceptibility Human Body Model (Note 3) ................................ 2kV Machine Model (Note 3) ...................................... 200V Temperature Range (TMIN TA TMAX) .......................... -40C TA +85C Reverse Current LM4040-2.5 .......................................... 60A to 15mA LM4040-4.1 .......................................... 68A to 15mA LM4040-5.0 .......................................... 74A to 15mA LM4041-1.2 .......................................... 60A to 12mA LM4041-ADJ ........................................ 60A to 12mA Output Voltage Range LM4041-ADJ .......................................... 1.24V to 10V Note 1. Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specification and test conditions, see the "Electrical Characteristics". The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions. Note 2. The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX (maximum junction temperature), JA (junction to ambient thermal resistance), and TA (ambient temperature). The maximum allowable power dissipation at any temperature is PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA)/JA or the number given in the Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4040 and LM4041, TJMAX = 125C, and the typical thermal resistance (JA), when board mounted, is 326C/W for the SOT-23 package. Note 3. The human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5k resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200pF capacitor discharged directly into each pin. August, 2004 3 M9999-081604 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4040-2.5 Electrical Characteristics (Note 4) Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C. The grades C and D designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 0.5% and 1.0 respectively. Symbol VR Parameter Conditions Reverse Breakdown Voltage IR = 100A Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (Note 7) IR = 100A Typical (Note 5) Minimum Operating Current VR/T Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient IR = 10mA IR = 1mA IR = 100A 20 15 15 VR/IR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IRMIN IR 1mA 0.3 1mA IR 15mA 2.5 IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz IAC = 0.1 IR 0.3 Reverse Dynamic Impedance eN Wideband Noise VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long Term Stability LM4040DIM3 Limits (Note 6) Limits (Note 6) Units (Limit) 2.500 IRMIN ZR LM4040CIM3 V 12 29 25 49 mV (max) mV (max) 60 65 65 70 A A (max) A (max) 100 150 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 mV mV (max) mV (max) 6.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 mV mV (max) mV (max) 0.9 1.1 (max) 45 IR = 100A 10Hz f 10kHz t = 1000hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100A ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C (max) 35 VRMS 120 ppm Note 4. Specification for packaged product only. Note 5. Typicals are at TJ = 25C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 6. Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQL) methods. Note 7. The boldface (over temperature limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as the room temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance [(VR/T)(65C)(VR)]. VR/T is the VR temperature coefficient, 65C is the temperature range from -40C to the reference point of 25C, and VR is the reverse breakdown voltage. The total over temperature tolerance for the different grades follows: C-grade: 1.15% = 0.5% 100ppm/C x 65C D-grade: 1.98% = 1.0% 150ppm/C x 65C Example: The C-grade LM4040-2.5 has an over temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 2.5 x 1.15% = 29mV. M9999-081604 4 August, 2004 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4040-4.1 Electrical Characteristics (Note 4) Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C. The grades C and D designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 0.5% and 1.0% respectively. Symbol VR Parameter Conditions Reverse Breakdown Voltage IR = 100A Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (Note 7) IR = 100A Typical (Note 5) Minimum Operating Current VR/T Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient IR = 10mA IR = 1mA IR = 100A 30 20 20 VR/IR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IRMIN IR 1mA 0.5 1mA IR 15mA 3.0 IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz IAC = 0.1 IR 0.5 Reverse Dynamic Impedance eN Wideband Noise VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long Term Stability Note 4. LM4040DIM3 Limits (Note 6) Limits (Note 6) 4.096 IRMIN ZR LM4040CIM3 V 20 47 41 81 mV (max) mV (max) 68 73 73 78 A A (max) A (max) 100 150 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.5 mV mV (max) mV (max) 7.0 10.0 9.0 13.0 mV mV (max) mV (max) 1.0 1.3 (max) 50 IR = 100A 10Hz f 10kHz t = 1000hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100A Units (Limits) ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C (max) 80 VRMS 120 ppm Specification for packaged product only. Note 5. Typicals are at TJ = 25C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 6. Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQL) methods. Note 7. The boldface (over temperature limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as the room temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance [(VR/T)(65C)(VR)]. VR/T is the VR temperature coefficient, 65C is the temperature range from -40C to the reference point of 25C, and VR is the reverse breakdown voltage. The total over temperature tolerance for the different grades follows: C-grade: 1.15% = 0.5% 100ppm/C x 65C D-grade: 1.98% = 1.0% 150ppm/C x 65C Example: The C-grade LM4040-2.5 has an over temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 2.5 x 1.15% = 29mV. August, 2004 5 M9999-081604 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4040-5.0 Electrical Characteristics (Note 4) Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C. The grades C and D designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 0.5% and 1.0% respectively. Symbol VR Parameter Conditions Reverse Breakdown Voltage IR = 100A Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (Note 7) IR = 100A Typical (Note 5) Minimum Operating Current VR/T Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient IR = 10mA IR = 1mA IR = 100A 30 20 20 VR/IR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IRMIN IR 1mA 0.5 1mA IR 15mA 3.5 IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz IAC = 0.1 IR 0.5 Reverse Dynamic Impedance eN Wideband Noise VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long Term Stability LM4040DIM3 Limits (Note 6) Limits (Note 6) Units (Limits) 5.000 IRMIN ZR LM4040CIM3 V 25 58 50 99 mV (max) mV (max) 74 80 79 85 A A (max) A (max) 100 150 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.8 mV mV (max) mV (max) 8.0 12.0 10.0 15.0 mV mV (max) mV (max) 1.1 1.5 (max) 54 IR = 100A 10Hz f 10kHz t = 1000hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100A ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C (max) 80 VRMS 120 ppm Note 4. Specification for packaged product only. Note 5. Typicals are at TJ = 25C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 6. Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQL) methods. Note 7. The boldface (over temperature limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as the room temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance [(VR/T)(65C)(VR)]. VR/T is the VR temperature coefficient, 65C is the temperature range from -40C to the reference point of 25C, and VR is the reverse breakdown voltage. The total over temperature tolerance for the different grades follows: C-grade: 1.15% = 0.5% 100ppm/C x 65C D-grade: 1.98% = 1.0% 150ppm/C x 65C Example: The C-grade LM4040-2.5 has an over temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 2.5 x 1.15% = 29mV. M9999-081604 6 August, 2004 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4040 Typical Characteristics Output Impedance vs. Frequency Temperature Drift for Different Average Temperature Coefficient 1k +0.5 IR = 150A +0.4 +0.3 +0.2 12ppm/C +0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -22ppm/C -0.3 -51ppm/C -0.4 -0.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Output Impedance vs. Frequency 1k IR = IRMIN + 100 A 100 IMPEDANCE () IMPEDANCE () VR CHANGE (%) TJ = 25 C, IR = 0.1 IR CL = 0 VR = 5V 2.5V 10 CL = 1F TANTALUM 1 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) CL= 1F TANTALUM 2.5V 1 0.1 100 1M ica Typ 40 10k 100k 1M IR = 200A TJ = 25C 5.0 Noise (V/ Hz ) 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10.0 4.1V 5V 2.5V REVERSE CURRENT (A) VR = 5V Noise Voltage vs. Frequency ed nte ara ffix Gu u IN D S ix M f IR uf CS 80 60 CL= 0 10 0.1 Reverse Characteristics and Minimum Operating Current 100 100 XCL TEMPERATURE (C) 120 IR= 1mA TJ = 25 C, IR = IR l TJ = 25C 20 2.0 5V 1.0 2.5V 0.5 0.2 0 0 2 4 6 8 0.1 1 10 10 REVERSE VOLTAGE (V) 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) RS VIN 1Hz rate VR LM4040 Test Circuit Start-up Characteristics LM4040-5.0 RS = 30k VIN (V) VIN (V) Start-up Characteristics LM4040-2.5 RS = 30k 5 0 6 2 4 1 0 TJ = 25C 2 0 0 August, 2004 0 3 VR (V) VR (V) TJ = 25C 10 20 40 60 RESPONSE TIME (s) 0 80 100 200 300 400 RESPONSE TIME (s) 7 M9999-081604 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4041-1.2 Electrical Characteristics (Note 4) Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C. The grades C and D designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively. LM4041CIM3 Symbol VR Parameter Conditions Reverse Breakdown Voltage IR = 100A Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (Note 7) IR = 100A Typical (Note 5) 1.225 Minimum Operating Current VR/T Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient IR = 10mA IR = 1mA IR = 100A 20 15 15 VR/IR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IRMIN IR 1mA 0.7 1mA IR 15mA 4.0 IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz IAC = 0.1 IR 0.5 Reverse Dynamic Impedance eN Wideband Noise VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long Term Stability V 6 IRMIN ZR Units (Limit) Limits (Note 6) 14 mV (max) mV (max) 60 65 A A (max) A (max) 45 IR = 100A 10Hz f 10kHz t = 1000hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100A ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C (max) 100 1.5 2.0 mV mV (max) mV (max) 6.0 8.0 mV mV (max) mV (max) 1.5 (max) 20 VRMS 120 ppm Note 4. Specification for packaged product only. Note 5. Typicals are at TJ = 25C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 6. Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQL) methods. Note 7. The boldface (over temperature limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as the room temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance [(VR/T)(65C)(VR)]. VR/T is the VR temperature coefficient, 65C is the temperature range from -40C to the reference point of 25C, and VR is the reverse breakdown voltage. The total over temperature tolerance for the different grades follows: C-grade: 1.15% = 0.5% 100ppm/C x 65C D-grade: 1.98% = 1.0% 150ppm/C x 65C Example: The C-grade LM4040-2.5 has an over temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 2.5 x 1.15% = 29mV. M9999-081604 8 August, 2004 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4041-1.2 Electrical Characteristics (Note 4) Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = 25C. The grades C and D designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 5) VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage IR = 100A 1.225 Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (Note 7) IR = 100A IRMIN Minimum Operating Current VR/T Average Reverse Breakdown Voltage Temperature Coefficient IR = 10mA IR = 1mA IR = 100A 20 15 15 VR/IR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Change with Operating Current Change IRMIN IR 1mA 0.7 1mA IR 15mA 2.5 IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz IAC = 0.1 IR 0.5 ZR Reverse Dynamic Impedance eN Wideband Noise VR Reverse Breakdown Voltage Long Term Stability Note 4. LM4041DIM3 Limits (Note 6) Units (Limit) V 12 24 mV (max) mV (max) 65 70 A A (max) A (max) 45 IR = 100A 10Hz f 10kHz t = 1000hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100A 150 ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C (max) 2.0 2.5 mV mV (max) mV (max) 8.0 10.0 mV mV (max) mV (max) 2.0 (max) 20 VRMS 120 ppm Specification for packaged product only. Note 5. Typicals are at TJ = 25C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 6. Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQL) methods. Note 7. The boldface (over temperature limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as the room temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance [(VR/T)(65C)(VR)]. VR/T is the VR temperature coefficient, 65C is the temperature range from -40C to the reference point of 25C, and VR is the reverse breakdown voltage. The total over temperature tolerance for the different grades follows: C-grade: 1.15% = 0.5% 100ppm/C x 65C D-grade: 1.98% = 1.0% 150ppm/C x 65C Example: The C-grade LM4040-2.5 has an over temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 2.5 x 1.15% = 29mV. August, 2004 9 M9999-081604 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4041-Adjustable Electrical Characteristics (Note 4) Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TJ = 25C unless otherwise specified (SOT-23, see Note 8), IRMIN IR < 12mA, VREF VOUT 10V. The grades C and D designate initial Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 0.5% and 1%, respectively for VOUT = 5V. Symbol VREF Parameter Conditions Reference Breakdown Voltage IR = 100A VOUT = 5V Reference Breakdown Voltage Tolerance (Note 9) IR = 100A IRMIN Minimum Operating Current VREF /IR Reference Voltage Change with Operating Current Change Typical (Note 5) LM4041CIM3 LM4041DIM3 Limits (Note 6) Limits (Note 6) Units (Limit) 1.233 V 6.2 14 12 24 mV (max) mV (max) 60 65 65 70 A A (max) A (max) 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 mV mV (max) mV (max) 4 6 6 8 mV mV (max) mV (max) -2.0 -2.5 -2.5 -3.0 mV/V mV/V (max) mV/V (max) 100 120 150 200 nA nA (max) nA (max) 100 150 45 IRMIN IR 1mA SOT-23: VOUT 1.6V (Note 8) 0.7 1mA IR 15mA SOT-23: VOUT 1.6V (Note 8) 2 VREF /VO Reference Voltage Change with Output Voltage Change IFB Feedback Current VREF /T Average Reference Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 9) VOUT = 5V IR = 10mA IR = 1mA IR = 100A 20 15 15 ZOUT Dynamic Output Impedance IR = 1mA, f = 120Hz IAC = 0.1 IR VOUT = VREF VOUT = 10V 0.3 2 (max) IR = 100A 10Hz f 10kHz 20 VRMS 120 ppm eN Wideband Noise VREF Reference Voltage Long Term Stability IR = 1mA -1.55 60 t = 1000hrs T = 25C 0.1C IR = 100A ppm/C ppm/C (max) ppm/C (max) Note 4. Specification for packaged product only. Note 5. Typicals are at TJ = 25C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 6. Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over temperature are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQL) methods. Note 7. The boldface (over temperature limit for Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance is defined as the room temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage Tolerance [(VR/T)(65C)(VR)]. VR/T is the VR temperature coefficient, 65C is the temperature range from -40C to the reference point of 25C, and VR is the reverse breakdown voltage. The total over temperature tolerance for the different grades follows: C-grade: 1.15% = 0.5% 100ppm/C x 65C D-grade: 1.98% = 1.0% 150ppm/C x 65C Example: The C-grade LM4040-2.5 has an over temperature Reverse Breakdown Voltage tolerance of 2.5 x 1.15% = 29mV. Note 8. When VOUT 1.6V, the LM4041-ADJ must operate at reduced IR. This is caused by the series resistance of the die attach between the die (-) output and the package (-) output pin. See the Output Saturation curve in the "Typical Performance Characteristics" section. Note 9. Reference voltage and temperature coefficient will change with output voltage. See "Typical Performance Characteristics" curves. M9999-081604 10 August, 2004 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4041 Typical Characteristics 1k IMPEDANCE () VR CHANGE (%) +0.5 IR = 150A +0.4 LM4041-1.2 +0.3 +0.2 12ppm/C +0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -22ppm/C -0.3 -51ppm/C -0.4 -0.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Output Impedence vs. Frequency TJ = 25 C IR = 0.1IR LM4041-1.2 100 10 TANTALUM 1 I = 1mA R XC 100 80 5.0 0 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 REVERSE VOLTAGE (V) August, 2004 2.0 Noise (V/ Hz ) REVERSE CURRENT (A) 10.0 20 600 400 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M 0 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) Noise Voltage vs. Frequency 100 Typical TJ = 25C LM4041-1.2 800 IR = 200A TJ = 25C LM4041-1.2 LM4041-ADJ: VOUT = VREF 200 0.1 Reverse Characteristics and Minimum Operating Current 40 CL= 0 CL= 1F IR = 150A TEMPERATURE (C) 60 Voltage Impedance 1000 NOISE (nV/ Hz ) Temperature Drift for Different Average Temperature Coefficient IR = 200A TJ = 25C VIN 1Hz rate 2.0 5V 1.0 V R LM4041-1.2 2.5V 0.5 Test Circuit 0.2 0.1 1 RS 30k 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 11 M9999-081604 LM4040/4041 Micrel LM4041 Typical Characteristics Reference Voltage vs. Output Voltage and Temperature 1.244 LM4041-ADJ 85C 1.240 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) 25C 1.240 100 LM4041-ADJ IR = 1mA 1.236 1.236 -40C 1.232 1.232 -40C VOUT = 5V 1.228 1.228 85C 1.224 1.220 0 2 4 6 8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) VOUT = 10V 1.224 10 1.220 -40 -20 0 LM4041-ADJ 80 VOUT = VREF FEEDBACK (nA) 1.244 Feedback Current vs. Output Voltage and Temperature Reference Voltage vs. Temperature and Output Voltage TJ = 85C 60 TJ = 25C, -40C 40 20 20 40 0 60 80 100 0 TEMPERATURE (C) 2 4 6 8 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 10 Reverse Characteristics Output Saturation 1.5 -40C 85C 1.3 1.2 25C 1.1 0 2 4 6 8 10 60 V 20 TJ = 25C LM4041-ADJ 0 2 6 8 Output Impedence vs. Frequency * 1K CL = 0 10 VOUT = 10V CL=1F 5V 2.5V 1.23V 1 100 1k 10k 100k LM4041-ADJ TJ = 25 C IR = 150A IR = 0.1 IR 100 8 CL = 0 IR 10 + 5V 2.5V 1.23V CL=1F 1M 0 100 1k LM4041-ADJ TJ = -40C OUTPUT 25C 85C INPUT -40C 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) INPUT * Output Impedance vs. Freq. Test Circuit (+) FB LM4041 - ADJ VOUT (-) 4 2 0 M9999-081604 - 5.1k 100k 10 20 30 40 RESPONSE TIME (s) 120k FB + 15V 6 0 CL 1 Large Signal Response 10 Reverse Characteristics Test Circuit VOUT = 10V FREQUENCY (Hz) -40C 10 XC XC VOLTAGE (V) 4 Output Impedence vs. Frequency * LM4041-ADJ TJ = 25 C IR = 1mA IR = 0.1IR FB V OUT ( - ) 2V / step 40 0 12 (+) LM4041-ADJ OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 100 0 80 OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) 1K IMPEDANCE () REVERSE CURRENT (A) LM4041-ADJ 1.6 VADJ = VREF + 5V 1.0 IR 8 100 IMPEDANCE () OUTPUT SATURATION (V) 1.7 1.4 FB STEPS (V) 2 4 6 0 * Output impedance measurement.. Reverse characteristics measurement. Large signal response measurement. Large Signal Response Test Circuit 12 August, 2004 LM4040/4041 Micrel Adjustable Regulator The LM4041-ADJ's output voltage can be adjusted to any value in the range of 1.24V through 10V. It is a function of the internal reference voltage (VREF) and the ratio of the external feedback resistors as shown in Figure 2. The output is found using the equation: (1) VO = VREF [ (R2/R1) + 1 ] where VO is the desired output voltage. The actual value of the internal VREF is a function of VO. The "corrected" VREF is determined by: (2) VREF = VO (VREF / VO) + VY where VO is the desired output voltage. VREF / VO is found in the "Electrical Characteristics" and is typically -1.3mV/V and VY is equal to 1.233V. Replace the value of VREF in equation (1) with the value VREF found using equation (2). Note that actual output voltage can deviate from that predicted using the typical VREF / VO in equation (2); for Cgrade parts, the worst-case VREF / VO is -2.5mV/V and VY = 1.248V. The following example shows the difference in output voltage resulting from the typical and worst case values of VREF / VO. Let VO = +9V. Using the typical values of VREF /VO , VREF is 1.223V. Choosing a value of R1 = 10k, R2 = 63.272k. Using the worst case VREF / VO for the C-grade and Dgrade parts, the output voltage is actually 8.965V and 8.946V respectively. This results in possible errors as large as 0.39% for the C-grade parts and 0.59% for the D-grade parts. Once again, resistor values found using the typical value of VREF / VO will work in most cases, requiring no further adjustment. Applications Information The stable operation of the LM4040 and LM4041 references requires an external capacitor greater than 10nF connected between the (+) and (-) pins. Bypass capacitors with values between 100pF and 10nF have been found to cause the devices to exhibit instabilities. Schottky Diode LM4040-x.x and LM4041-1.2 in the SOT-23 package have a parasitic Schottky diode between pin 2 (-) and pin 3 (die attach interface connect). Pin 3 of the SOT-23 package must float or be connected to pin 2. LM4041-ADJs use pin 3 as the (-) output. Conventional Shunt Regulator In a conventional shunt regulator application (see Figure 1), an external series resistor (RS) is connected between the supply voltage and the LM4040-x.x or LM4041-1.2 reference. RS determines the current that flows through the load (IL) and the reference (IQ). Since load current and supply voltage may vary, RS should be small enough to supply at least the minimum acceptable IQ to the reference even when the supply voltage is at its minimum and the load current is at its maximum value. When the supply voltage is at its maximum and IL is at its minimum, RS should be large enough so that the current flowing through the LM4040-x.x is less than 15mA, and the current flowing through the LM4041-1.2 or LM4041-ADJ is less than 12mA. RS is determined by the supply voltage (VS), the load and operating current, (IL and IQ), and the reference's reverse breakdown voltage (VR): Rs = (Vs - VR) / (IL + IQ) Typical Application Circuits R1 + FB 120k LM4041-ADJ D1 FB D1 - R2 1M LM4041- ADJ < -12V R3 LED ON 200 R1 120k R2 1M > -12V R3 LED ON 330 -5V -5V Figure 3. Voltage Level Detector August, 2004 + Figure 4. Voltage Level Detector 13 M9999-081604 LM4040/4041 Micrel VIN R1 I VOUT D1 1N914 R2 50A VIN I R1 D2 1N914 + LM4041-ADJ FB R3 240k + LM4041-ADJ - R4 240k Figure 5. Fast Positive Clamp 2.4V + VD1 FB - D1 1N457 VOUT R2 D2 510k - 1N457 FB LM4041-ADJ + R3 510k Figure 6. Bidirectional Clamp 2.4V VIN I VIN R1 I R1 VOUT R2 390k + LM4041-ADJ R3 500k VOUT D2 1N457 FB - + LM4041-ADJ LM4041-ADJ + D2 1N457 R2 330k FB - FB R3 1M FB - - D1 1N457 R4 390k D1 1N457 Figure 7. Bidirectional Adjustable Clamp 18V to 2.4V R4 330k LM4041-ADJ + Figure 8. Bidirectional Adjustable Clamp 2.4 to 6V 0 to 20mA + 5V 1N4002 D2 R1 390 2% D1* + FB LM4041-ADJ N.C. I THRESHOLD = R2 470k - 1 6 2 5 3 4N28 N.C. CMOS 4 1.24V 5A + = 3.2mA R1 4N28 GAIN * D1 can be any LED, VF = 1.5V to 2.2V at 3mA. D1 may act as an indicator. D1 will be on if ITHRESHOLD falls below the threshold current, except with I = O. Figure 9. Floating Current Detector M9999-081604 14 August, 2004 LM4040/4041 Micrel +15V R1 + LM4041-ADJ FB - 2N2905 2N 3964 R2 120k 1A < IOUT = 100mA 1.24V I OUT = R1 Figure 10. Current Source 0 to 20 mA R1 332 1% D2 1N4002 +5V + FB LM4041-ADJ - 1N914 R3 100k 2N2222 R2 22k D1* 1 6 2 5 3 N.C. I THRESHOLD = 1.24V = 3.7mA 2% R1 4 4N28 CMOS R4 10M * D1 can be any LED, VF = 1.5V to 2.2V at 3mA. D1 may act as an indicator. D1 will be on if ITHRESHOLD falls below the threshold current, except with I = O. Figure 11. Precision Floating Current Detector August, 2004 15 M9999-081604 LM4040/4041 Micrel Package Information 1.40 (0.055) 2.50 (0.098) 1.19 (0.047) 2.10 (0.083) CL 2.36 (0.093) 2.28 (0.090) CL DIMENSIONS: MM (INCH) 1.15 (0.045) 0.76 (0.030) 3.05 (0.120) 2.67 (0.105) 8 0 0.10 (0.004) 0.013 (0.0005) 0.445 (0.0175) TYP 3 PLACES 0.15 (0.006) 0.076 (0.0030) 0.41 (0.016) 0.13 (0.005) SOT-23 (M3) MICREL, INC. 1849 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 TEL + 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX + 1 (408) 474-1000 WEB USA http://www.micrel.com The information furnished by Micrel in this datasheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is at Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2004 Micrel, Incorporated. M9999-081604 16 August, 2004