P1 Datasheet (v007)
docs.particle.io /datasheets/p1-datasheet/
void setup() {
Particle.publish("my-event","The internet just got
smarter!");
}
Functional description
Overview
The P1 is Particle's tiny Wi-Fi module that contains both the Broadcom Wi-Fi chip and a reprogrammable
STM32F205RGY6 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The P1 comes preloaded with Particle firmware libraries,
just like our dev kits, and it's designed to simplify your transition from prototype to production. The P1 is the PØ's big
brother; it's a bit bigger and a tad more expensive, but it includes some extra flash and an antenna and u.FL
connector on board. Every P1 includes free cloud service.
Features
Particle P1 Wi-Fi module
Broadcom BCM43362 Wi-Fi chip
802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi
STM32F205RGY6 120Mhz ARM Cortex M3
1MB flash, 128KB RAM
1MB external SPI flash
Integrated PCB antenna
Integrated u.FL connector for external antenna
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Integrated RF switch
25 Mixed-signal GPIO and advanced peripherals
Open source design
Real-time operating system (FreeRTOS)
Soft AP setup
FCC, CE and IC certified
Interfaces
Block Diagram
Power
Power to the P1 is supplied via 3 different inputs: VBAT_WL (pin 2 & 3), VDDIO_3V3_WL (pin 5), VDD_3V3 (pin 26
& 27). Optionally +3.3V may be supplied to VBAT_MICRO (pin 38) for data retention in low power sleep modes.
Each of these inputs also requires a 0.1uF and 10uF ceramic decoupling capacitor, located as close as possible to
the pin (see Fig 1). The voltage should be regulated between 3.0VDC and 3.6VDC.
Typical average current consumption is 80mA with 5V @ input of the recommended SMPS power supply with Wi-Fi
on. Deep sleep quiescent current is typically 80uA (Please refer to Recommended Operating Conditions for more
info). When powering the P1 make sure the power supply can handle 600mA continuous. If a lesser power supply is
provided, peak currents drawn from the P1 when transmitting and receiving will result in voltage sag at the input
which may cause a system brown out or intermittent operation. Likewise, the power source should be sufficient
enough to source 1A of current to be on the safe side.
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Fig. 1 Recommended power connections with decoupling capacitors.
RF
The RF section of the P1 includes an on-board PCB trace antenna and a u.FL connector which allows the user to
connect an external antenna. These two antenna outputs are selectable via a user API, made possible by an
integrated RF switch.
The default selected antenna will be the PCB antenna.
The area surrounding the PCB antenna on the carrier PCB should be free of ground planes and signal traces for
maximum Wi-Fi performance.
FCC Approved Antennas
Peripherals and GPIO
The P1 module has ton of capability in a super small footprint, with analog, digital and communication interfaces.
Note: P1 pin names will be preserved as they are named in the USI datasheet, however for the scope of this
datasheet we will also refer to them as their Photon and code equivalents, i.e. D7 instead of MICRO_JTAG_TMS
and A2 instead of MICRO_GPIO_13. This will help to simplify descriptions, while providing a quick reference for code
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that can be written for the P1 such as
int value =
analogRead(A2);
Notes:
[1] FT = 5.0V tolerant pins. All pins except A3 and DAC are 5V tolerant (when not in analog mode). If used as a 5V
input the pull-up/pull-down resistor must be disabled.
[2] 3V3 = 3.3V max pins.
[3] PWM is available on D0, D1, D2, D3, A4, A5, WKP, RX, TX, P1S0, P1S1, P1S6 with a caveat: PWM timer
peripheral is duplicated on two pins (A5/D2) and (A4/D3) for 7 total independent PWM outputs. For example: PWM
may be used on A5 while D2 is used as a GPIO, or D2 as a PWM while A5 is used as an analog input. However A5
and D2 cannot be used as independently controlled PWM outputs at the same time. P1S6 requires System Feature
Wi-Fi Powersave Clock to be disabled. See System Features in Firmware Reference.
RGB LED, SETUP and RESET button
When using the P1 module, it is very important to remember that your device must have an RGB LED to show the
user the connectivity status. Also required is a SETUP and RESET button to enter various Device Modes. By default
the RGB LED outputs are configured for a Common Anode type of LED. These components should be wired
according to the P1 Reference Design - User I/O . RGB pins may be accessed in code as: RGBR, RGBG and RGBB.
JTAG and SWD
Pin D3 through D7 are JTAG interface pins. These can be used to reprogram your P1 bootloader or user firmware
image with standard JTAG tools such as the ST-Link v2, J-Link, R-Link, OLIMEX ARM-USB-TINI-H, and also the
FTDI-based Particle JTAG Programmer. If you are short on available pins, you may also use SWD mode which
requires less connections.
Notes: [1] Default state after reset for a short period of time before these pins are restored to GPIO (if JTAG
debugging is not required, i.e. USE_SWD_JTAG=y is not specified on the command line.)
A standard 20-pin 0.1" shrouded male JTAG interface connector should be wired as follows:
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(click to stop squinting)
External Coexistence Interface
The P1 supports coexistence with Bluetooth and other external radios via three pins available on the P1 module.
When two radios occupying the same frequency band are used in the same system, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, a
coexistence interface can be used to coordinate transmit activity, to ensure optimal performance by arbitrating
conflicts between the two radios.
When these pins are programmed to be used as a Bluetooth coexistence interface, they're set as high impedance
on power up and reset.
Memory Map
STM32F205RGY6 Flash Layout Overview
Bootloader (16 KB)
DCT1 (16 KB), stores Wi-Fi credentials, keys, mfg info, system flags, etc..
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DCT2 (16 KB), swap area for DCT1
EEPROM emulation bank 1 (16 KB)
EEPROM emulation bank 2 (64 KB) [only 16k used]
System firmware (512 KB) [256 KB Wi-Fi/comms + 256 KB hal/platform/services]
Factory backup, OTA backup and user application (384 KB) [3 x 128 KB]
DCT Layout
The DCT area of flash memory has been mapped to a separate DFU media device so that we can incrementally
update the application data. This allows one item (say, server public key) to be updated without erasing the other
items.
DCT layout as of v0.4.9 found here in firmware
Note: Writing 0xFF to offset 34 (DEFAULT) or 3106 (ALTERNATE) will cause the device to re-generate a new private
key on the next boot. Alternate keys are currently unsupported on the P1 but are used on the Electron as UDP/ECC
keys. You should not need to use this feature unless your keys are corrupted.
// Regenerate Default Keys
echo -e "\xFF" > fillbyte && dfu-util -d 2b04:d00a -a 1 -s 34 -D fillbyte
// Regenerate Alternate Keys
echo -e "\xFF" > fillbyte && dfu-util -d 2b04:d00a -a 1 -s 3106 -D
fillbyte
Memory Map (Common)
Memory Map (Modular Firmware - default)
Memory Map (Monolithic Firmware - optional)
Pin and button definition
Pin markings
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Pin description
Pin out diagrams
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Notes: [1] Connected to MCO1 by default, outputs 32kHz clock for WICED powersave mode. See System Features
in the Firmware Reference to disable the Wi-Fi Powersave Clock and allow usage of this pin.
Complete P1 Module Pin Listing
Technical specification
Notes:
[1] V3V3 and I3V3 represents the the combined 4 inputs that require +3.3V: VBAT_WL, VDDIO_3V3_WL, VDD_3V3
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and VBAT_MICRO.
[2] These numbers represent the extreme range of short peak current bursts when transmitting and receiving in
802.11b/g/n modes at different power levels. Average TX current consumption in will be 80-100mA.
[3] These are very short average current bursts when transmitting and receiving. On average if minimizing frequency
of TX/RX events, current consumption in powersave mode will be 18mA
Wi-Fi Specifications
I/O Characteristics
These specifications are based on the STM32F205RGY6 datasheet, with reference to Photon pin nomenclature.
Notes:
[1] FT = Five-volt tolerant. In order to sustain a voltage higher than V 3V3+0.3 the internal pull-up/pull-down resistors
must be disabled.
[2] Hysteresis voltage between Schmitt trigger switching levels. Based on characterization, not tested in production.
[3] With a minimum of 100mV.
[4] Leakage could be higher than max. if negative current is injected on adjacent pins.
[5] Pull-up and pull-down resistors are designed with a true resistance in series with switchable PMOS/NMOS. This
PMOS/NMOS contribution to the series resistance is minimum (~10% order).
Mechanical specifications
Overall dimensions
P1 module dimensions are: 0.787"(28mm) (W) x 1.102"(20mm) (L) x 0.0787"(2.0mm) (H) +/-0.0039"(0.1mm)
(includes metal shielding)
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Actual size (so tiny!)
P1 Module Dimensions
These are the physical dimensions of the P1 module itself,
including all pins:
P1 Module Recommended PCB land pattern
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Schematic - User I/O
Schematic - P1 Wi-Fi Module
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P1 Reference Design Layout
P1 Reference Design Top Layer (GTL)
To be added.
P1 Reference Design Bottom Layer (GBL)
To be added.
Recommended solder reflow profile
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Moisture sensitivity levels
The Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) relates to the packaging and handling precautions required. The P1 module is
rated level 3. In general, this precaution applies for Photons without headers. When reflowing a P1 directly onto an
application PCB, increased moisture levels prior to reflow can damage sensitive electronics on the P1. A bake
process to reduce moisture may be required.
For more information regarding moisture sensitivity levels, labeling, storage and drying see the MSL standard see
IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 (can be downloaded from www.jedec.org).
ESD Precautions
The P1 module contains highly sensitive electronic circuitry and is an Electrostatic Sensitive Device (ESD). Handling
a P1 module without proper ESD protection may destroy or damage it permanently. Proper ESD handling and
packaging procedures must be applied throughout the processing, handling and operation of any application that
incorporates P1 modules. ESD precautions should be implemented on the application board where the P1 module is
mounted. Failure to observe these precautions can result in severe damage to the P1 module!
Default settings
The P1 module comes pre-programmed with a bootloader and a user application called Tinker. This application
works with an iOS and Android app also named Tinker that allows you to very easily toggle digital pins, take analog
and digital readings and drive variable PWM outputs.
The bootloader allows you to easily update the user application via several different methods, USB, OTA, Serial Y-
Modem, and also internally via the Factory Reset procedure. All of these methods have multiple tools associated with
them as well.
You may use the online Web IDE Particle Build to code, compile and flash a user application OTA (Over The Air).
Particle Dev is a local tool that uses the Cloud to compile and flash OTA as well. There is also a package
Spark DFU-UTIL for Particle Dev that allows for Cloud compiling and local flashing via DFU over USB. This
requires dfu-util to be installed on your system. 'dfu-util' can also be used with Particle CLI for Cloud compiling
and local flashing via the command line. Finally the lowest level of development is available via the GNU GCC tool
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chain for ARM, which offers local compile and flash via dfu-util. This gives the user complete control of all source
code and flashing methods. This is an extensive list, however not exhaustive.
Glossary
Radio Frequency
SMT
Surface Mount Technology (often associated with SMD which is a surface mount device).
AP
Access Point
USB
Universal Serial Bus
Quiescent current
Current consumed in the deepest sleep state
FT
Five-tolerant; Refers to a pin being tolerant to 5V.
3V3
+3.3V; The regulated +3.3V supply rail. Also used to note a pin is only 3.3V tolerant.
RTC
Real Time Clock
OTA
Over The Air; describing how firmware is transferred to the device.
FCC IC CE Warnings and End Product Labeling Requirements
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to
comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates,
uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur
in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which
can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by
one of the following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could
void the user's authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is
subject to the following two conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an
uncontrolled environment. This transmitter module must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other
antenna or transmitter. This End equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20
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centimeters between the radiator and your body.
IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can not be met (for example certain laptop configurations or
co-location with another transmitter), then the FCC authorization is no longer considered valid and the FCC ID can
not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsible for re-evaluating the
end product (including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC authorization.
End Product Labeling The final end product must be labeled in a visible area with the following:
Contains FCC ID: 2AEMI-PHOTON
Manual Information to the End User The OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end
user regarding how to install or remove this RF module in the user’s manual of the end product which integrates this
module.
Canada Statement This device complies with Industry Canada’s licence-exempt RSSs. Operation is subject to the
following two conditions:
1. This device may not cause interference; and
2. This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the
device.
Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence.
L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes:
1. l’appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage;
2. l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est
susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.
Caution Exposure: This device meets the exemption from the routine evaluation limits in section 2.5 of RSS102
and users can obtain Canadian information on RF exposure and compliance. Le dispositif répond à l'exemption des
limites d'évaluation de routine dans la section 2.5 de RSS102 et les utilisateurs peuvent obtenir des renseignements
canadiens sur l'exposition aux RF et le respect.
The final end product must be labelled in a visible area with the following: The Industry Canada certification
label of a module shall be clearly visible at all times when installed in the host device, otherwise the host device must
be labelled to display the Industry Canada certification number of the module, preceded by the words “Contains
transmitter module”, or the word “Contains”, or similar wording expressing the same meaning, as follows:
Contains transmitter module IC: 20127-PHOTON
This End equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the
radiator and your body. Cet équipement devrait être installé et actionné avec une distance minimum de 20
centimètres entre le radiateur et votre corps.
The end user manual shall include all required regulatory information/warning as shown in this
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