Data Sheet ADA4077-1/ADA4077-2/ADA4077-4
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
OUTPUT PHASE REVERSAL
Phase reversal is defined as a change of polarity in the amplifier
transfer function. Many operational amplifiers exhibit phase
reversal when the voltage applied to the input is greater than the
maximum common-mode voltage. In some instances, this phase
reversal can cause permanent damage to the amplifier. In feedback
loops, it can result in system lockups or equipment damage. The
ADA4077-1, ADA4077-2, and the ADA4077-4 are immune to
phase reversal problems even at input voltages beyond the
power supply settings.
2
CH1 5.00V CH2 5.00V M10.0ms A CH1 300mV
1
T 0.000%
10238-063
Figure 69. No Phase Reversal
LOW POWER LINEARIZED RTD
A common application for a single element varying bridge is a
resistance temperature detector (RTD) thermometer amplifier, as
shown in Figure 70. The excitation is delivered to the bridge by a
2.5 V reference applied at the top of the bridge.
RTDs can have a thermal resistance as high as 0.5°C to 0.8°C per
mW. To minimize errors due to resistor drift, keep the current
low through each leg of the bridge. In this circuit, the amplifier
supply current flows through the bridge. However, at a maximum
supply current of 500 µA for the ADA4077-2, the RTD dissipates
less than 0.1 mW of power, even at the highest resistance.
Therefore, errors due to power dissipation in the bridge
are kept under 0.1°C.
Calibration of the bridge is made at the minimum value of the
temperature to be measured by adjusting RP until the output is
zero.
To calibrate the output span, set the full-scale and linearity
potentiometers to midpoint, and apply a 500°C temperature to
the sensor, or substitute the equivalent 500°C RTD resistance.
Adjust the full-scale potentiometer for a 5 V output. Finally,
apply 250°C or the equivalent RTD resistance, and adjust the
linearity potentiometer for 2.5 V output. The circuit achieves
higher than ±0.5°C accuracy after adjustment.
200Ω
500Ω
FULL- S CALE ADJ
4.37kΩ
100Ω
100Ω 20Ω
R
P
,
ZERO ADJ
4.12kΩ
4.12kΩ
5kΩ
LINEARITY
ADJ
49.9kΩ
ADR4525
+15V
0.1µF
V+
100Ω
RTD
1/2
ADA4077-2
7
6
5
1/2
ADA4077-2
1
8
2
34
V–
V
OUT
0.1µF
10238-064
Figure 70. Low Power Linearized RTD Circuit
PROPER BOARD LAYOUT
The ADA4077-1, ADA4077-2, and ADA4077-4 are high precision
devices. To ensure optimum performance at the PCB level, care
must be taken in the design of the board layout.
To avoid leakage currents, maintain a clean and moisture free
board surface. Coating the surface creates a barrier to moisture
accumulation, and reduces parasitic resistance on the board.
Keeping supply traces short and properly bypassing the power
supplies minimizes the power supply disturbances caused by
the output current variation, such as when driving an ac signal
into a heavy load. Connect bypass capacitors as closely as possible
to the device supply pins. Stray capacitances are a concern at the
outputs and the inputs of the amplifier. It is recommended that
the signal traces be kept at least 5 mm from supply lines to
minimize coupling.
A variation in temperature across the PCB can cause a mismatch
in the Seebeck voltages at solder joints and other points where
dissimilar metals are in contact, resulting in thermal voltage errors.
To minimize these thermocouple effects, orient resistors so that
heat sources warm both ends equally. Ensure, where possible, that
input signal paths contain matching numbers and types of
components, to match the number and type of thermocouple
junctions. For example, dummy components such as zero value
resistors can be used to match real resistors in the opposite input
path. Place matching components in close proximity to each other,
and orient them in the same manner. Ensure that leads are of equal
length so that thermal conduction is in equilibrium. Keep heat
sources on the PCB as far away from amplifier input circuitry as
is practical.
The use of a ground plane is highly recommended. A ground
plane reduces EMI noise and maintains a constant temperature
across the circuit board.
Rev. C | Page 21 of 24