November 2011 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 1/21
21
TL431
TL432
Programmable voltage reference
Features
■Adjustable output voltage: 2.5 to 36 V
■Sink current capability: 1 to 100 mA
■Typical output impedance: 0.22 Ω
■1% and 2% voltage precision
■Automotive temp. range - 40 °C to +125 °C
Applications
■Power supply
■Industrial
■Automotive
Description
The TL431 and TL432 are programmable shunt
voltage references with guaranteed temperature
stability over the entire operating temperature
range. The device temperature range is extended
for the automotive version from -40 °C up to
+125 °C. The output voltage can be set to any
value between 2.5 and 36 V with two external
resistors. The TL431 and TL432 operate with a
wide current range from 1 to 100 mA with a typical
dynamic impedance of 0.22 Ω.
D
SO-8
(Batwing plastic micropackage)
Z
TO-92
(Plastic package)
L
SOT23-3
L
SOT23-5
C
SOT323-6
www.st.com
Contents TL431, TL432
2/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
Contents
1 Schematic diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1 SO-8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 TO-92 (bulk) package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 SOT23-3 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5 SOT23-5 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.6 SOT323-6 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
TL431, TL432 Schematic diagrams
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 3/21
1 Schematic diagrams
Figure 1. TO-92 pin connections (top view)
Figure 2. SO-8 batwing pin connections (top view)
Figure 3. SOT23-5 and SOT23-3 pin connections (top view)
Figure 4. SOT323-6 pin connections (top view)
Figure 5. TL431 and TL432 block diagram
SO8
Anode
Cathode Ref1
2
3
7
8
4
6
NC5
Anode
NC
SOT23-3SOT23-5
NC
NC
Cathode Ref
Anode1
2
34
5Cathode
Ref Anode
1
23
TL431 TL431 TL432
Anode
Cathode
Vref
Ref
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions TL431, TL432
4/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
2 Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VKA Cathode to anode voltage 37 V
IkContinuous cathode current range -100 to +150 mA
Iref Reference input current range -0.05 to +10 mA
Rthja
Thermal resistance junction to ambient(1)
TO-92
SO-8 batwing
SOT23-3L
SOT23-5L
SOT323-6L
1. Short-circuits can cause excessive heating. These values are typical.
200
85
248
157
221
°C/W
Rthjc
Thermal resistance junction to case (1)
SO-8 batwing
SOT23-3L
SOT23-5L
SOT323-6L
30
136
67
110
°C/W
Tstg Storage temperature range -65 to +150 °C
TJJunction temperature 150 °C
ESD
TL431IY, TL431AIY-T: HBM (human body model) (2)
TL431-TL432: HBM (human body model)
MM: machine model (3)
CDM: charged device model (4)
2. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a
1.5 kΩ resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations
while the other pins are floating.
3. Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between
two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω). This is done for all couples of
connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
4. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then
discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
3000
2000
200
1500
V
Table 2. Operating conditions
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
VKA Cathode to anode voltage Vref to 36 V
IkCathode current 1 to 100 mA
Toper
Operating free-air temperature range
TL431C/AC
TL431I/AI - TL432I/AI
TL431IY/AIY
0 to +70
-40 to +105
-40 to +125
°C
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 5/21
3 Electrical characteristics
Table 3. TL431C: 0° C to 70° C (Tamb = 25° C unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter
TL431C TL431AC
Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Vref
Reference input voltage
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tamb =25°C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T
max
2.44
2.423
2.495 2.55
2.567
2.47
2.453
2.495 2.52
2.537
V
ΔVref
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
range (1)
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T
max 317 315
mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
in cathode to anode voltage
Ik = 10 mA - ΔVKA = 10 V to Vref
ΔVKA = 36 V to 10 V
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
mV/V
Iref
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
Tamb = 25° C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
1.8 4
5.2
1.8 4
5.2
µA
ΔIref
Reference input current deviation over temperature
range
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =∞
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T
max 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.2
µA
Imin
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = Vref 0.5 1 0.5 0.6 mA
Ioff Off-state cathode current 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 nA
⏐ZKA⏐Dynamic impedance (2)
VKA = Vref, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f ≤ 1 kHZ 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 Ω
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as |ZKA|
=
ΔVref
ΔVka
------------
ΔVKA
Ik
Δ
----------------
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
6/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
Table 4. TL431I/TL432I: -40° C to 105° C, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter
TL431I/TL432I TL431AI/TL432AI
Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Vref
Reference input voltage
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tamb = 25° C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T
max
2.44
2.41
2.495 2.55
2.58
2.47
2.44
2.495 2.52
2.55
V
ΔVref
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
range (1)
VKA = Vref, Ik =10 mA, Tmin≤ Tamb≤ T
max
730 730mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
in cathode to anode voltage
Ik = 10 mA, ΔVKA = 10 V to Vref
ΔVKA = 36 V to 10 V
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1 mV/V
Iref
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
Tamb = 25° C
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤Tmax
1.8 4
6.5
1.8 4
6.5 µA
ΔIref
Reference input current deviation over temperature
range
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2 µA
Imin
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = Vref
0.5 1 0.5 0.7 mA
Ioff Off-state cathode current 2.6 1000 2.6 1000 nA
⏐ZKA⏐Dynamic impedance (2)
VKA = Vref, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, f ≤ 1kHZ 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 Ω
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as |ZKA|
=
ΔVref
ΔVka
------------
ΔVKA
Ik
Δ
----------------
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 7/21
3.1 Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
Δ
Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
the full temperature range.
Δ
Vref = Vref max - Vref min
Figure 6. Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
Table 5. TL431IY: -40° C to 125° C, Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter
TL431IY TL431AIY
Unit
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Vref
Reference input voltage
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ T
max
2.44
2.41
2.495 2.55
2.58
2.47
2.44
2.495 2.52
2.55
V
ΔVref
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature
range (1)
VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin≤ Tamb ≤ T
max 730 730mV
Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change
in cathode to anode voltage
Ik = 10 mA, ΔVKA = 10 V to Vref
Ik = 10 mA, ΔVKA = 36 V to 10 V
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
-2.7
-2
-1.4
-1
mV/V
Iref
Reference input current
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤Tmax
1.8 4
6.5
1.8 4
6.5
µA
ΔIref
Reference input current deviation over temperature
range
Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = ∞, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤
Tmax
0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2 µA
Imin
Minimum cathode current for regulation
VKA = Vref
0.5 1 0.5 0.6 mA
Ioff
Off-state cathode current
Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
2.6 1000
3000
2.6 1000
3000
nA
⏐ZKA⏐Dynamic impedance (2)
VKA = Vref, Δ Ik = 1 to 100 mA, F ≤ 1kHz 0.22 0.5 0.22 0.5 Ω
1. See definition of Section 3.1: Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below.
2. The dynamic impedance is defined as |ZKA|
=
ΔVref
ΔVka
------------
ΔVKA
Ik
Δ
----------------
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
8/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
Figure 7. Test circuit for VKA = Vref Figure 8. Test circuit for programming mode
Input
VKA
VREF
IK=10mA
Output
R
VKA = VREF + R1 x IREF 1R1
R2
-------+()
Input
VKA
VREF
IK
R1
R2
IREF
ROutput
Figure 9. Test circuit for Ioff Figure 10. Test circuit for phase margin and
voltage gain
Figure 11. Test circuit for response time
VKA=36V
IOFF
Input VREF
IK=10mA
Output
10μF
10μF
15kΩ8.25kΩ
IK=1mA
Output
0 mA
1 mA
TL431, TL432 Electrical characteristics
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 9/21
Figure 12. Reference voltage vs. temperature Figure 13. Reference voltage vs. cathode
current
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
2.44
2.46
2.48
2.50
2.52
2.54
VKA = VREF
IK = 10 mA
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 14. Zoom on reference voltage vs.
cathode current
Figure 15. Reference current vs. temperature
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
IK=10 mA
R1=10kΩ
R2= + ∝
Reference current IREF (μA)
Temperature °C
Figure 16. Off-state cathode current vs.
temperature
Figure 17. Ratio of change in Vref to change in
VKA vs. temperature
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
VKA = 36 V
VREF = 0 V
Off-state current IOFF (μA)
Temperature (°C)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
IK = 10 mA
ΔVREF / ΔVKA (mV / V)
Temperature (°C)
Electrical characteristics TL431, TL432
10/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
Figure 18. Static impedance RKA vs.
temperature
Figure 19. Minimum operating current vs.
temperature
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
VKA=VREF
Static impedance RKA (Ω)
Temperature (°C)
-40-20 0 20406080100120
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
VKA = VREF
Minimum cathode current IMIN (mA)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 20. Gain and phase vs. frequency Figure 21. Stability behavior with capacitive
loads
Figure 22. Maximum power dissipation Figure 23. Pulse response for Ik = 1 mA
TL431, TL432 Package information
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 11/21
4 Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of
ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK®
specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com.
ECOPACK® is an ST trademark.
Package information TL431, TL432
12/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
4.1 SO-8 package information
Figure 24. SO-8 package mechanical drawing
Table 6. SO-8 package mechanical data
Ref.
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A1.750.069
A1 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.010
A2 1.25 0.049
b 0.28 0.48 0.011 0.019
c 0.17 0.23 0.007 0.010
D 4.80 4.90 5.00 0.189 0.193 0.197
E 5.80 6.00 6.20 0.228 0.236 0.244
E1 3.80 3.90 4.00 0.150 0.154 0.157
e 1.27 0.050
h 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.020
L 0.40 1.27 0.016 0.050
L1 1.04 0.040
k0° 8°0° 8°
ccc 0.10 0.004
TL431, TL432 Package information
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 13/21
4.2 TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information
Figure 25. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical drawing
Table 7. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical data
Dim.
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A1 5.0 0.197
A 5.0 0.197
T 4.0 0.157
d 0.45 0.018
I1 2.5 0.098
P 11.7 12.7 13.7 0.461 0.500 0.539
PO 12.4 12.7 13 0.488 0.500 0.512
P2 5.95 6.35 6.75 0.234 0.250 0.266
F1/F2 2.4 2.5 2.8 0.094 0.098 0.110
Δh -1 0 1 -0.039 0 0.039
ΔP -1 0 1 -0.039 0 0.039
W 17.5 18.0 19.0 0.689 0.709 0.748
W0 5.7 6 6.3 0.224 0.236 0.248
W1 8.5 9 9.75 0.335 0.354 0.384
W2 0.5 0.020
H200.787
H0 15.5 16 16.5 0.610 0.630 0.650
H1 25 0.984
DO 3.8 4.0 4.2 0.150 0.157 0.165
L1 11 0.433
Package information TL431, TL432
14/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
4.3 TO-92 (bulk) package information
Figure 26. TO-92 bulk package mechanical drawing
Table 8. TO-92 bulk package mechanical data
Dim.
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 1.35 0.053
B 4.70 0.185
C 2.54 0.100
D4.40 0.173
E 12.70 0.500
F 3.70 0.146
a 0.5 0.019
0067407_H
TL431, TL432 Package information
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 15/21
4.4 SOT23-3 package information
Figure 27. SOT23-3 package mechanical drawing
Table 9. SOT23-3 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref.
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.89 1.12 0.035 0.044
A1 0.01 0.10 0.0004 0.004
A2 0.88 0.95 1.02 0.035 0.037 0.040
b 0.30 0.50 0.012 0.020
c 0.08 0.20 0.003 0.008
D 2.80 2.90 3.04 0.110 0.114 0.120
E 2.10 2.64 0.083 0.104
E1 1.20 1.30 1.40 0.047 0.051 0.055
e 0.95 0.037
e1 1.90 0.075
L 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.016 0.020 0.024
L1 0.54 0.021
k0d 8d
Package information TL431, TL432
16/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
4.5 SOT23-5 package information
Figure 28. SOT23-5 package mechanical drawing
Table 10. SOT23-5 package mechanical data
Ref.
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.90 1.45 0.035 0.057
A1 0.15 0.006
A2 0.90 1.30 0.035 0.051
b 0.35 0.50 0.014 0.020
c 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.008
D 2.80 3.05 0.110 0.120
E 1.50 1.75 0.059 0.069
e 0.95 0.037
H 2.60 3.00 0.102 0.118
L 0.10 0.60 0.004 0.024
θ0 degrees 10 degrees
7049676_I
TL431, TL432 Package information
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 17/21
4.6 SOT323-6 package information
Figure 29. SOT323-6 package mechanical drawing
Table 11. SOT323-6 package mechanical data
Ref.
Dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Min. Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max.
A 0.80 1.10 0.031 0.043
A1 0 0.10 0.004
A2 0.80 1.00 0.031 0.039
b 0.15 0.30 0.006 0.012
c 0.10 0.18 0.004 0.007
D 1.80 2.20 0.071 0.087
E 1.15 1.35 0.045 0.053
e 0.65 0.026
HE 1.80 2.40 0.071 0.094
L 0.10 0.40 0.004 0.016
Q1 0.10 0.40 0.004 0.016
7095021_E
Ordering information TL431, TL432
18/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
5 Ordering information
Table 12. Order codes
Order code Accuracy
(%)
Temperature
range Package Packing Marking
TL431CD
TL431CDT 2
0°C to +70°C
SO-8 Tu b e or
Tape and reel
431C
TL431ACD
TL431ACDT 1431AC
TL431CZ
TL431CZT
TL431CZ-AP
2
TO-92
Bulk or
Ta p e or
Ammopack
TL431C
TL431ACZ
TL431ACZT
TL431ACZ-AP
1 TL431AC
TL431CL3T 2 SOT23-3
Tape
L19
TL431ACL3T 1 L18
TL431CL5T 2 SOT23-5 L19
TL431ACL5T 1 L18
TL431CCT 2 SOT323-6 31C
TL431ACCT 1 31C
TL431ID
TL431IDT 2
-40°C to + 105°C
SO-8 Tu b e or
tape and reel
431I
TL431AID
TL431AIDT 1431AI
TL431IZ
TL431IZT
TL431IZ-AP
2
TO-92
Bulk or
Ta p e or
Ammopack
TL431I
TL431AIZ
TL431AIZT
TL431AIZ-AP
1 TL431AI
TL431IL3T 2 SOT23-3
Tape
L17
TL431AIL3T 1 L16
TL432IL3T 2 SOT23-3 32I
TL432AIL3T 1 32AI
TL431IL5T 2 SOT23-5 L17
TL431AIL5T 1 L16
TL431ICT 2 SOT323-6 31I
TL431AICT 1 31I
TL431, TL432 Ordering information
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 19/21
TL431IYD (1)
TL431IYDT (1) 2
-40°C to + 125°C
SO-8
(Automotive
grade level)
Tu b e or
tape and reel
431IY
TL431AIYD (1)
TL431AIYDT (1) 1431AIY
1. Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according to AEC
Q001 & Q 002 or equivalent.
Table 12. Order codes (continued)
Order code Accuracy
(%)
Temperature
range Package Packing Marking
Revision history TL431, TL432
20/21 Doc ID 4467 Rev 10
6 Revision history
Table 13. Document revision history
Date Revision Changes
01-Mar-2002 1 Initial release.
01-Nov-2005 2 PPAP references inserted in order codes table on cover page.
13-Dec-2006 3 Corrected TO-92 package information.
08-Jun-2007 4
Specified that SO-8 package is batwing package.
In electrical characteristics tables, moved negative values from max column to
min column.
Corrected captions of Figure 7 and of Figure 18.
Added footnote to Table 8: TO-92 bulk package mechanical data.
25-Feb-2008 5
Corrected SO-8 package mechanical data.
Corrected footnote for automotive grade order codes in order code table.
Corrected packing information for TO-92 devices in order code table.
04-Jun-2009 6
Changed IMIN to 0.6 mA in Ta b l e 3 and Ta b l e 4 .
Increased temperature range to 125°C in temperature curves.
Added Ta b l e 5 , dedicated to automotive version.
Increased high temperature for automotive range up to +125°C in Ta bl e 5 and
in Table 12: Order codes.
Inserted accuracy column in Ta bl e 1 2 .
09-Jun-2009 7 Corrected minor error in package column in Ta bl e 1 2 .
14-Mar-2011 8 Added Figure 3 on page 3, Section 4.4 on page 15 and Section 4.5 on page
16.
07-Oct-2011 9
Added new package mechanical data Table 11 on page 17 and Figure 29 on
page 17.
Updated Table 12 on page 18.
17-Nov-2011 10 Added new part number TL432, new order code Table 12 on page 18 and pin
connection for TL432 Figure 3 on page 3.
TL431, TL432
Doc ID 4467 Rev 10 21/21
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