LM2662MX - National Semiconductor

LM2662,LM2663

LM2662/LM2663 Switched Capacitor Voltage Converter

Literature Number: SNVS002C

June 9, 2008

LM2662/LM2663

Switched Capacitor Voltage Converter

General Description

The LM2662/LM2663 CMOS charge-pump voltage converter

inverts a positive voltage in the range of 1.5V to 5.5V to the

corresponding negative voltage. The LM2662/LM2663 uses

two low cost capacitors to provide 200 mA of output current

without the cost, size, and EMI related to inductor based con-

verters. With an operating current of only 300 μA and oper-

ating efficiency greater than 90% at most loads, the LM2662/

LM2663 provides ideal performance for battery powered sys-

tems. The LM2662/LM2663 may also be used as a positive

voltage doubler.

The oscillator frequency can be lowered by adding an external

capacitor to the OSC pin. Also, the OSC pin may be used to

drive the LM2662/LM2663 with an external clock. For

LM2662, a frequency control (FC) pin selects the oscillator

frequency of 20 kHz or 150 kHz. For LM2663, an external

shutdown (SD) pin replaces the FC pin. The SD pin can be

used to disable the device and reduce the quiescent current

to 10 μA. The oscillator frequency for LM2663 is 150 kHz.

Features

■Inverts or doubles input supply voltage

■Narrow SO-8 Package

■3.5Ω typical output resistance

■86% typical conversion efficiency at 200 mA

■(LM2662) selectable oscillator

frequency: 20 kHz/150 kHz

■(LM2663) low current shutdown mode

Applications

■Laptop computers

■Cellular phones

■Medical instruments

■Operational amplifier power supplies

■Interface power supplies

■Handheld instruments

Basic Application Circuits

Voltage Inverter

10000301

Positive Voltage Doubler

10000302

Splitting VIN in Half

10000303

LM2662/LM2663 Switched Capacitor Voltage Converter

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage (V+ to GND, or GND to OUT) 6V

LV (OUT − 0.3V) to (GND + 3V)

FC, OSC, SD The least negative of (OUT − 0.3V)

or (V+ − 6V) to (V+ + 0.3V)

V+ and OUT Continuous Output Current 250 mA

Output Short-Circuit Duration to GND (Note 2) 1 sec.

Power Dissipation (TA = 25°C) (Note 3) 735 mW

TJ Max (Note 3) 150°C

θJA (Note 3) 170°C/

Operating Ambient Temperature

Range −40°C to +85°C

Operating Junction Temperature

Range −40°C to +105°C

Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) 300°C

ESD Rating 2 kV

Electrical Characteristics

Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full Operating Junction Temperature

Range. Unless otherwise specified: V+ = 5V, FC = Open, C1 = C2 = 47 μF.(Note 4)

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units

V+ Supply Voltage RL = 1k Inverter, LV = Open 3.5 5.5

Inverter, LV = GND 1.5 5.5 V

Doubler, LV = OUT 2.5 5.5

IQSupply Current No Load FC = V+ (LM2662) 1.3 4mA

LV = Open SD = Ground (LM2663)

FC = Open 0.3 0.8

ISD Shutdown Supply Current 10 μA

(LM2663)

VSD Shutdown Pin Input Voltage Shutdown Mode 2.0 (Note 5) V

(LM2663) Normal Operation 0.3

ILOutput Current 200 mA

ROUT Output Resistance (Note 6) IL = 200 mA 3.5 7Ω

fOSC Oscillator Frequency (Note 7) OSC = Open FC = Open 720 kHz

FC = V+ 55 150

fSW Switching Frequency (Note 8) OSC = Open FC = Open 3.5 10 kHz

FC = V+ 27.5 75

IOSC OSC Input Current FC = Open ±2 μA

FC = V+ ±10

PEFF Power Efficiency RL (500) between V+ and OUT 90 96 %

IL = 200 mA to GND 86

VOEFF Voltage Conversion Efficiency No Load 99 99.96 %

Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device

beyond its rated operating conditions.

Note 2: OUT may be shorted to GND for one second without damage. However, shorting OUT to V+ may damage the device and should be avoided. Also, for

temperatures above 85°C, OUT must not be shorted to GND or V+, or device may be damaged.

Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is calculated by using PDMax = (TJMax − TA)/θJA, where TJMax is the maximum junction temperature, TA is the

ambient temperature, and θJA is the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the specified package.

Note 4: In the test circuit, capacitors C1 and C2 are 47 μF, 0.2Ω maximum ESR capacitors. Capacitors with higher ESR will increase output resistance, reduce

output voltage and efficiency.

Note 5: In doubling mode, when Vout > 5V, minimum input high for shutdown equals Vout − 3V.

Note 6: Specified output resistance includes internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR.

Note 7: For LM2663, the oscillator frequency is 150 kHz.

Note 8: The output switches operate at one half of the oscillator frequency, fOSC = 2fSW.

www.national.com 2

LM2662/LM2663

Test Circuits

10000304

10000305

FIGURE 1. LM2662 and LM2663 Test Circuits

Typical Performance Characteristics (Circuit of Figure 1)

Supply Current vs

Supply Voltage

10000337

Supply Current vs

Oscillator Frequency

10000338

Output Source

Resistance vs Supply

Voltage

10000339

Output Source

Resistance vs

Temperature

10000340

3 www.national.com

LM2662/LM2663

Output Source

Resistance vs

Temperature

10000341

Efficiency vs Load

Current

10000342

Output Voltage Drop

vs Load Current

10000343

Efficiency vs

Oscillator Frequency

10000344

Output Voltage vs

Oscillator Frequency

10000345

Oscillator Frequency

vs External

Capacitance

10000346

www.national.com 4

LM2662/LM2663

Oscillator Frequency

vs Supply Voltage

10000347

Oscillator Frequency

vs Supply Voltage

10000348

Oscillator Frequency

vs Temperature

10000349

Oscillator Frequency

vs Temperature

10000350

Shutdown Supply

Current vs

Temperature

(LM2663 Only)

10000351

5 www.national.com

LM2662/LM2663

Connection Diagrams

8-Lead SO (M)

10000320 10000321

Top View

Order Number LM2662M, LM2663M

See NS Package Number M08A

Pin Descriptions

Pin Name Function

Voltage Inverter Voltage Doubler

1 FC Frequency control for internal oscillator: Same as inverter.

(LM2662) FC = open, fOSC = 20 kHz (typ);

FC = V+, fOSC = 150 kHz (typ);

FC has no effect when OSC pin is driven externally.

1 SD

(LM2663)

Shutdown control pin, tie this pin to the ground in normal

operation.

Same as inverter.

2 CAP+ Connect this pin to the positive terminal of charge-pump

capacitor.

Same as inverter.

3 GND Power supply ground input. Power supply positive voltage input.

4 CAP− Connect this pin to the negative terminal of charge-

pump capacitor.

Same as inverter.

5 OUT Negative voltage output. Power supply ground input.

6 LV Low-voltage operation input. Tie LV to GND when input

voltage is less than 3.5V. Above 3.5V, LV can be

connected to GND or left open. When driving OSC with

an external clock, LV must be connected to GND.

LV must be tied to OUT.

7 OSC Oscillator control input. OSC is connected to an internal

15 pF capacitor. An external capacitor can be connected

to slow the oscillator. Also, an external clock can be

used to drive OSC.

Same as inverter except that OSC cannot be driven by

an external clock.

8 V+ Power supply positive voltage input. Positive voltage output.

Circuit Description

The LM2662/LM2663 contains four large CMOS switches

which are switched in a sequence to invert the input supply

voltage. Energy transfer and storage are provided by external

capacitors. Figure 2 illustrates the voltage conversion

scheme. When S1 and S3 are closed, C1 charges to the supply

voltage V+. During this time interval switches S2 and S4 are

open. In the second time interval, S1 and S3 are open and

S2 and S4 are closed, C1 is charging C2. After a number of

cycles, the voltage across C2 will be pumped to V+. Since the

anode of C2 is connected to ground, the output at the cathode

of C2 equals −(V+) assuming no load on C2, no loss in the

switches, and no ESR in the capacitors. In reality, the charge

transfer efficiency depends on the switching frequency, the

on-resistance of the switches, and the ESR of the capacitors.

www.national.com 6

LM2662/LM2663

10000322

FIGURE 2. Voltage Inverting Principle

Application Information

SIMPLE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE CONVERTER

The main application of LM2662/LM2663 is to generate a

negative supply voltage. The voltage inverter circuit uses only

two external capacitors as shown in the Basic Application

Circuits. The range of the input supply voltage is 1.5V to 5.5V.

For a supply voltage less than 3.5V, the LV pin must be con-

nected to ground to bypass the internal regulator circuitry.

This gives the best performance in low voltage applications.

If the supply voltage is greater than 3.5V, LV may be con-

nected to ground or left open. The choice of leaving LV open

simplifies the direct substitution of the LM2662/LM2663 for

the LMC7660 Switched Capacitor Voltage Converter.

The output characteristics of this circuit can be approximated

by an ideal voltage source in series with a resistor. The volt-

age source equals −(V+). The output resistance Rout is a

function of the ON resistance of the internal MOS switches,

the oscillator frequency, and the capacitance and ESR of C1

and C2. Since the switching current charging and discharging

C1 is approximately twice as the output current, the effect of

the ESR of the pumping capacitor C1 is multiplied by four in

the output resistance. The output capacitor C2 is charging and

discharging at a current approximately equal to the output

current, therefore, its ESR only counts once in the output re-

sistance. A good approximation is:

where RSW is the sum of the ON resistance of the internal

MOS switches shown in Figure 2.

High value, low ESR capacitors will reduce the output resis-

tance. Instead of increasing the capacitance, the oscillator

frequency can be increased to reduce the 2/(fosc × C1) term.

Once this term is trivial compared with RSW and ESRs, further

increasing in oscillator frequency and capacitance will be-

come ineffective.

The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple is determined by the

oscillator frequency, and the capacitance and ESR of the out-

put capacitor C2:

Again, using a low ESR capacitor will result in lower ripple.

POSITIVE VOLTAGE DOUBLER

The LM2662/LM2663 can operate as a positive voltage dou-

bler (as shown in the Basic Application Circuits). The doubling

function is achieved by reversing some of the connections to

the device. The input voltage is applied to the GND pin with

an allowable voltage from 2.5V to 5.5V. The V+ pin is used

as the output. The LV pin and OUT pin must be connected to

ground. The OSC pin can not be driven by an external clock

in this operation mode. The unloaded output voltage is twice

of the input voltage and is not reduced by the diode D1's for-

ward drop.

The Schottky diode D1 is only needed for start-up. The internal

oscillator circuit uses the V+ pin and the LV pin (connected to

ground in the voltage doubler circuit) as its power rails. Volt-

age across V+ and LV must be larger than 1.5V to insure the

operation of the oscillator. During start-up, D1 is used to

charge up the voltage at V+ pin to start the oscillator; also, it

protects the device from turning-on its own parasitic diode and

potentially latching-up. Therefore, the Schottky diode D1

should have enough current carrying capability to charge the

output capacitor at start-up, as well as a low forward voltage

to prevent the internal parasitic diode from turning-on. A

Schottky diode like 1N5817 can be used for most applica-

tions. If the input voltage ramp is less than 10V/ms, a smaller

Schottky diode like MBR0520LT1 can be used to reduce the

circuit size.

SPLIT V+ IN HALF

Another interesting application shown in the Basic Application

Circuits is using the LM2662/LM2663 as a precision voltage

divider. Since the off-voltage across each switch equals VIN/

2, the input voltage can be raised to +11V.

CHANGING OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY

For the LM2662, the internal oscillator frequency can be se-

lected using the Frequency Control (FC) pin. When FC is

open, the oscillator frequency is 20 kHz; when FC is connect-

ed to V+, the frequency increases to 150 kHz. A higher

oscillator frequency allows smaller capacitors to be used for

equivalent output resistance and ripple, but increases the typ-

ical supply current from 0.3 mA to 1.3 mA.

The oscillator frequency can be lowered by adding an external

capacitor between OSC and GND (See typical performance

characteristics). Also, in the inverter mode, an external clock

that swings within 100 mV of V+ and GND can be used to

drive OSC. Any CMOS logic gate is suitable for driving OSC.

LV must be grounded when driving OSC. The maximum ex-

ternal clock frequency is limited to 150 kHz.

The switching frequency of the converter (also called the

charge pump frequency) is half of the oscillator frequency.

Note: OSC cannot be driven by an external clock in the voltage-doubling

mode.

TABLE 1. LM2662 Oscillator Frequency Selection

FC OSC Oscillator

Open Open 20 kHz

V+ Open 150 kHz

Open or V+ External Capacitor See Typical

Performance

Characteristics

N/A External Clock External Clock

(inverter mode only) Frequency

7 www.national.com

LM2662/LM2663

TABLE 2. LM2663 Oscillator Frequency Selection

OSC Oscillator

Open 150 kHz

External Capacitor See Typical Performance

Characteristics

External Clock External Clock Frequency

(inverter mode only)

SHUTDOWN MODE

For the LM2663, a shutdown (SD) pin is available to disable

the device and reduce the quiescent current to 10 μA. Apply-

ing a voltage greater than 2V to the SD pin will bring the device

into shutdown mode. While in normal operating mode, the SD

pin is connected to ground.

CAPACITOR SELECTION

As discussed in the Simple Negative Voltage Converter sec-

tion, the output resistance and ripple voltage are dependent

on the capacitance and ESR values of the external capaci-

tors. The output voltage drop is the load current times the

output resistance, and the power efficiency is

Where IQ(V+) is the quiescent power loss of the IC device,

and IL2ROUT is the conversion loss associated with the switch

on-resistance, the two external capacitors and their ESRs.

Low ESR capacitors (Table 3) are recommended for both ca-

pacitors to maximize efficiency, reduce the output voltage

drop and voltage ripple. For convenience, C1 and C2 are usu-

ally chosen to be the same.

The output resistance varies with the oscillator frequency and

the capacitors. In Figure 3, the output resistance vs. oscillator

frequency curves are drawn for four difference capacitor val-

ues. At very low frequency range, capacitance plays the most

important role in determining the output resistance. Once the

frequency is increased to some point (such as 100 kHz for the

47 μF capacitors), the output resistance is dominated by the

ON resistance of the internal switches and the ESRs of the

external capacitors. A low value, smaller size capacitor usu-

ally has a higher ESR compared with a bigger size capacitor

of the same type. Ceramic capacitors can be chosen for their

lower ESR. As shown in Figure 3, in higher frequency range,

the output resistance using the 10 μF ceramic capacitors is

close to these using higher value tantalum capacitors.

10000336

FIGURE 3. Output Source Resistance vs Oscillator Frequency

TABLE 3. Low ESR Capacitor Manufacturers

Manufacturer Phone Capacitor Type

Nichicon Corp. (708)-843-7500 PL, PF series, through-hole aluminum electrolytic

AVX Corp. (803)-448-9411 TPS series, surface-mount tantalum

Sprague (207)-324-4140 593D, 594D, 595D series, surface-mount tantalum

Sanyo (619)-661-6835 OS-CON series, through-hole aluminum electrolytic

Murata (800)-831-9172 Ceramic chip capacitors

Taiyo Yuden (800)-348-2496 Ceramic chip capacitors

Tokin (408)-432-8020 Ceramic chip capacitors

www.national.com 8

LM2662/LM2663

Other Applications

PARALLELING DEVICES

Any number of LM2662s (or LM2663s) can be paralleled to

reduce the output resistance. Each device must have its own

pumping capacitor C1, while only one output capacitor Cout is

needed as shown in Figure 4. The composite output resis-

tance is:

10000324

FIGURE 4. Lowering Output Resistance by Paralleling Devices

CASCADING DEVICES

Cascading the LM2662s (or LM2663s) is an easy way to pro-

duce a greater negative voltage (as shown in Figure 5). If n is

the integer representing the number of devices cascaded, the

unloaded output voltage Vout is (−nVin). The effective output

resistance is equal to the weighted sum of each individual

device:

A three-stage cascade circuit shown in Figure 6 generates

−3Vin, from Vin.

Cascading is also possible when devices are operating in

doubling mode. In Figure 7, two devices are cascaded to

generate 3Vin.

An example of using the circuit in Figure 6 or Figure 7 is gen-

erating +15V or −15V from a +5V input.

Note that, the number of n is practically limited since the in-

creasing of n significantly reduces the efficiency and increas-

es the output resistance and output voltage ripple.

10000325

FIGURE 5. Increasing Output Voltage by Cascading Devices

9 www.national.com

LM2662/LM2663

10000326

FIGURE 6. Generating −3Vin from +Vin

10000327

FIGURE 7. Generating +3Vin from +Vin

REGULATING Vout

It is possible to regulate the output of the LM2662/LM2663 by

use of a low dropout regulator (such as LP2986). The whole

converter is depicted in Figure 8. This converter can give a

regulated output from −1.5V to −5.5V by choosing the proper

resistor ratio:

where, Vref = 1.23V

The error flag on pin 7 of the LP2986 goes low when the reg-

ulated output at pin 5 drops by about 5% below nominal. The

LP2986 can be shutdown by taking pin 8 low. The less than

1 μA quiescent current in the shutdown mode is favorable for

battery powered applications.

www.national.com 10

LM2662/LM2663

10000328

FIGURE 8. Combining LM2662/LM2663 with LP2986 to Make a Negative Adjustable Regulator

Also, as shown in Figure 9 by operating the LM2662/LM2663

in voltage doubling mode and adding a low dropout regulator

(such as LP2986) at the output, we can get +5V output from

an input as low as +3.3V.

10000329

FIGURE 9. Generating +5V from +3.3V Input Voltage

11 www.national.com

LM2662/LM2663

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

8-Lead SO (M)

Order Number LM2662M or LM2663M

NS Package Number M08A

www.national.com 12

LM2662/LM2663

Notes

13 www.national.com

LM2662/LM2663

Notes

LM2662/LM2663 Switched Capacitor Voltage Converter

For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at:

Products Design Support

Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH www.national.com/webench

Audio www.national.com/audio Analog University www.national.com/AU

Clock Conditioners www.national.com/timing App Notes www.national.com/appnotes

Data Converters www.national.com/adc Distributors www.national.com/contacts

Displays www.national.com/displays Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green

Ethernet www.national.com/ethernet Packaging www.national.com/packaging

Interface www.national.com/interface Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality

LVDS www.national.com/lvds Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns

Power Management www.national.com/power Feedback www.national.com/feedback

Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers

LDOs www.national.com/ldo

LED Lighting www.national.com/led

PowerWise www.national.com/powerwise

Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi

Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors

Wireless (PLL/VCO) www.national.com/wireless

THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION

(“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. NATIONAL MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY

OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS PUBLICATION AND RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES TO

SPECIFICATIONS AND PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. NO LICENSE, WHETHER EXPRESS,

IMPLIED, ARISING BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS

DOCUMENT.

TESTING AND OTHER QUALITY CONTROLS ARE USED TO THE EXTENT NATIONAL DEEMS NECESSARY TO SUPPORT

NATIONAL’S PRODUCT WARRANTY. EXCEPT WHERE MANDATED BY GOVERNMENT REQUIREMENTS, TESTING OF ALL

PARAMETERS OF EACH PRODUCT IS NOT NECESSARILY PERFORMED. NATIONAL ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR

APPLICATIONS ASSISTANCE OR BUYER PRODUCT DESIGN. BUYERS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THEIR PRODUCTS AND

APPLICATIONS USING NATIONAL COMPONENTS. PRIOR TO USING OR DISTRIBUTING ANY PRODUCTS THAT INCLUDE

NATIONAL COMPONENTS, BUYERS SHOULD PROVIDE ADEQUATE DESIGN, TESTING AND OPERATING SAFEGUARDS.

EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN NATIONAL’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, NATIONAL ASSUMES NO

LIABILITY WHATSOEVER, AND NATIONAL DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY RELATING TO THE SALE

AND/OR USE OF NATIONAL PRODUCTS INCLUDING LIABILITY OR WARRANTIES RELATING TO FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

RIGHT.

LIFE SUPPORT POLICY

NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR

SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL

COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:

Life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and

whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected

to result in a significant injury to the user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform

can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness.

National Semiconductor and the National Semiconductor logo are registered trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation. All other

brand or product names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com

National Semiconductor

Americas Technical

Support Center

Email: support@nsc.com

Tel: 1-800-272-9959

National Semiconductor Europe

Technical Support Center

Email: europe.support@nsc.com

German Tel: +49 (0) 180 5010 771

English Tel: +44 (0) 870 850 4288

National Semiconductor Asia

Pacific Technical Support Center

Email: ap.support@nsc.com

National Semiconductor Japan

Technical Support Center

Email: jpn.feedback@nsc.com

www.national.com

IMPORTANT NOTICE

Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications, enhancements, improvements,

and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice. Customers should

obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are

sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.

TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard

warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where

mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.

TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for their products and

applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications, customers should provide

adequate design and operating safeguards.

TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right, copyright, mask work right,

or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination, machine, or process in which TI products or services are used. Information

published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a

warranty or endorsement thereof. Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual

property of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI.

Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied

by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive

business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation. Information of third parties may be subject to additional

restrictions.

Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all

express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not

responsible or liable for any such statements.

TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications (such as life support) where a failure of the TI product would reasonably

be expected to cause severe personal injury or death, unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing

such use. Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications, and

acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal, regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products

and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications, notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be

provided by TI. Further, Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in

such safety-critical applications.

TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are

specifically designated by TI as military-grade or "enhanced plastic."Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military

specifications. Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at

the Buyer's risk, and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use.

TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are

designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS 16949 requirements. Buyers acknowledge and agree that, if they use any non-designated

products in automotive applications, TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements.

Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:

Products Applications

Audio www.ti.com/audio Communications and Telecom www.ti.com/communications

Amplifiers amplifier.ti.com Computers and Peripherals www.ti.com/computers

Data Converters dataconverter.ti.com Consumer Electronics www.ti.com/consumer-apps

DLP®Products www.dlp.com Energy and Lighting www.ti.com/energy

DSP dsp.ti.com Industrial www.ti.com/industrial

Clocks and Timers www.ti.com/clocks Medical www.ti.com/medical

Interface interface.ti.com Security www.ti.com/security

Logic logic.ti.com Space, Avionics and Defense www.ti.com/space-avionics-defense

Power Mgmt power.ti.com Transportation and Automotive www.ti.com/automotive

Microcontrollers microcontroller.ti.com Video and Imaging www.ti.com/video

RFID www.ti-rfid.com

OMAP Mobile Processors www.ti.com/omap

Wireless Connectivity www.ti.com/wirelessconnectivity

TI E2E Community Home Page e2e.ti.com

Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265