LMH6554 2.8 GHz Ultra Linear Fully Differential Amplifier General Description Features The LMH6554 is a high performance fully differential amplifier designed to provide the exceptional signal fidelity and wide large-signal bandwidth necessary for driving 8 to 16 bit high speed data acquisition systems. Using National's proprietary differential current mode input stage architecture, the LMH6554 has unity gain, small-signal bandwidth of 2.8 GHz and allows operation at gains greater than unity without sacrificing response flatness, bandwidth, harmonic distortion, or output noise performance. The device's low impedance differential output is designed to drive ADC inputs and any intermediate filter stage. The LMH6554 delivers 16-bit linearity up to 75 MHz when driving 2V peak-to-peak into loads as low as 200. The LMH6554 is fabricated in National Semiconductor's advanced complementary BiCMOS process and is available in a space saving, thermally enhanced 14 lead LLP package for higher performance. Small signal bandwidth 2 VPP large signal bandwidth 0.1 dB Gain flatness OIP3 @ 150 MHz HD2/HD3 @ 75 MHz Input noise voltage Input noise current Slew rate Power Typical supply current Package 2.8 GHz 1.8 GHz 830 MHz 47 dBm -96 / -97 dBc 0.9 nV/Hz 11 pA/Hz 6200 V/s 260mW 52 mA 14 Lead LLP Applications Differential ADC driver Single-ended to differential converter High speed differential signaling IF/RF and baseband gain blocks SAW filter buffer/driver Oscilloscope Probes Automotive Safety Applications Video over twisted pari Differential line driver Typical Application Single to Differential ADC Driver 30073201 LMHTM is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. (c) 2009 National Semiconductor Corporation 300732 www.national.com LMH6554 2.8 GHz Ultra Linear Fully Differential Amplifier October 29, 2009 LMH6554 Soldering Information Infrared or Convection (30 sec) Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. ESD Tolerance (Note 5) Human Body Model Machine Model Charge Device Model Supply Voltage (VS = V+ - V-) Common Mode Input Voltage Maximum Input Current Maximum Output Current (pins 12, 13) Operating Ratings +5V Electrical Characteristics (Note 1) Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Total Supply Voltage Temperature Range 2000V 250V 750V 5.5V 1.25V 30mA (Note 4) 260C -40C to +125C -65C to +150C 4.7V to 5.25V Thermal Properties Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (JA) 60C/W Maximum Operating Junction Temperature 150C (Note 2) Unless otherwise specified, all limits are guaranteed for TA = +25C, AV = +2, V+ = +2.5V, V- = -2.5V, RL = 200, VCM = (V+ +V-)/2, RF = 200, for single-ended in, differential out. Boldface Limits apply at the temperature extremes. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min (Note 8) Typ (Note 7) Max (Note 8) Units AC Performance (Differential) SSBW LSBW Small Signal -3 dB Bandwidth (Note 8) Large Signal Bandwidth AV = 1, VOUT = 0.2 VPP 2800 AV = 2, VOUT = 0.2 VPP 2500 AV = 4, VOUT = 0.2 VPP 1600 AV = 1, VOUT = 2 VPP 1800 AV = 2, VOUT = 2 VPP 1500 MHz MHz AV = 2, VOUT = 1.5 VPP 1900 0.1 dBBW 0.1 dB Bandwidth AV = 2, VOUT = 0.2 VPP, RF=250 830 MHz SR Slew Rate 4V Step 6200 V/s tr/tf Rise/Fall Time 2V Step, 10-90% 290 0.4V Step, 10-90% 150 0.1% Settling Time 2V Step, RL = 200 4 ns Overdrive Recovery Time VIN = 2V, AV = 5 V/V 6 ns Ts_0.1 ps Distortion and Noise Response HD2 HD3 2nd Harmonic Distortion 3rd Harmonic Distortion VOUT = 2 VPP, f = 20 MHz -102 VOUT = 2 VPP, f = 75 MHz -96 VOUT = 2 VPP, f = 125 MHz -87 VOUT = 2 VPP, f = 250 MHz -79 VOUT = 1.5 VPP, f = 250 MHz -81 VOUT = 2 VPP, f = 20 MHz -110 VOUT = 2 VPP, f = 75 MHz -97 VOUT = 2 VPP, f = 125 MHz -87 VOUT = 2 VPP, f = 250 MHz -70 dBc dBc VOUT = 1.5 VPP, f = 250 MHz -75 OIP3 Output 3rd-Order Intercept f = 150 MHz, VOUT = 2VPP Composite 47 dBm IMD3 Two-Tone Intermodulation f = 150 MHz, VOUT = 2VPP Composite -99 dBc en Input Voltage Noise Density f = 10 MHz 0.9 nV/ in+ Input Noise Current f = 10 MHz 11 pA/ in- Input Noise Current f = 10 MHz 11 pA/ NF Noise Figure 50 System, AV = 7, 10 MHz 8 www.national.com 2 dB Parameter Conditions Min (Note 8) Typ (Note 7) Max (Note 8) -75 -29 20 Units Input Characteristics IBI+ / IBITCIbi Input Bias Current Temperature Drift IBID Input Bias Current (Note 10) TCIbo Input Bias Current Diff Offset Temperature Drift (Note 7) CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio RIN CIN CMVR 8 VCM = 0V, VID = 0V, IBOFFSET = (IB- - IB+)/2 -10 1 A A/C 10 A 0.006 A/C DC, VCM = 0V, VID = 0V 83 dB Differential Input Resistance Differential 19 Differential Input Capacitance Differential 1 pF Input Common Mode Voltage Range CMRR > 32 dB 1.25 1.3 V Output Performance Output Voltage Swing (Note 7) Single-Ended Output 1.35 1.42 V IOUT Output Current (Note 7) VOUT = 0V 120 150 mA ISC Short Circuit Current One Output Shorted to Ground VIN = 2V Single-Ended (Note 6) 150 mA Output Balance Error VOUT Common Mode /VOUT -64 dB 500 MHz Differential, VOD = 1V, f < 1 Mhz Output Common Mode Control Circuit Common Mode Small Signal Bandwidth VIN+ = VIN- = 0V Slew Rate VIN+ = VIN- = 0V VOSCM Input Offset Voltage Common Mode, VID = 0, VCM = 0V 200 IOSCM Input Offset Current (Note 9) Voltage Range CMRR -16 1.18 Measure VOD, VID = 0V Input Resistance Gain V/s -6.5 4 mV 6 18 A 1.25 V 82 dB 180 VOCM/VCM 0.99 0.995 k 1.0 V/V Miscellaneous Performance ZT Open Loop Transimpedance Gain PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio Differential DC, IS Supply Current (Note 7) RL = Enable Voltage Threshold Single 5V Supply 2.5 Disable Voltage Threshold Single 5V Supply 2.5 V 15 ns V+ = V- = 1V 700 k 74 95 dB 46 52 Enable/Disable Time ISD Supply Current, Disabled Enable=0, Single 5V supply 3 450 510 57 60 mA V 570 600 A www.national.com LMH6554 Symbol LMH6554 Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but specific performance is not guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications, see the Electrical Characteristics tables. Note 2: Electrical Table values apply only for factory testing conditions at the temperature indicated. Factory testing conditions result in very limited self-heating of the device such that TJ = TA. No guarantee of parametric performance is indicated in the electrical tables under conditions of internal self-heating where TJ > TA. See Applications Section for information on temperature de-rating of this device." Min/Max ratings are based on product characterization and simulation. Individual parameters are tested as noted. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(MAX), JA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(MAX)- TA) / JA. All numbers apply for packages soldered directly onto a PC Board. Note 4: The maximum output current (IOUT) is determined by device power dissipation limitations. See the Power Dissipation section of the Application Section for more details. Note 5: Human Body Model, applicable std. MIL-STD-883, Method 30157. Machine Model, applicable std. JESD22-A115-A (ESD MM std. of JEDEC). FieldInduced Charge-Device Model, applicable std. JESD22-C101-C (ESD FICDM std. of JEDEC). Note 6: Short circuit current should be limited in duration to no more than 10 seconds. See the Power Dissipation section of the Application Information for more details. Note 7: Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm as determined at the time of characterization. Actual typical values may vary over time and will also depend on the application and configuration. The typical values are not tested and are not guaranteed on shipped production material. Note 8: Limits are 100% production tested at 25C. Limits over the operating temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. Note 9: Negative input current implies current flowing out of the device. Note 10: IBI is referred to a differential output offset voltage by the following relationship: VOD(OFFSET) = IBI*2RF www.national.com 4 LMH6554 Connection Diagram 14 Lead LLP 30073202 Top View Pin Descriptions Pin No. Pin Name 1 V+ 2 VCM Description Positive Supply Output Common Mode Control 3 V- 4 +FB Negative Supply Feedback Output + 5 -IN Negative Input 6 +IN Positive Input 7 -FB Feedback Output - 8 V- Negative Supply 9 VEN 10 V+ Enable. Active high Positive Supply 11 NC No Connect 12 -OUT Negative Output 13 +OUT Positive Output 14 NC No Connect Ordering Information Package Part Number Package Marking LMH6554LE 14 Lead LLP LMH6554LEE Transport Media NSC Drawing 1k Units Tape and Reel AJA 250 Units Tape and Reel LMH6554LEX LEE14A 4.5k Units Tape and Reel 5 www.national.com LMH6554 Typical Performance Characteristics VS = 2.5V (TA = 25C, RF = 200, RG = 90, RT = 76.8, RL = 200, AV = +2, for single ended in, differential out, unless specified). Frequency Response vs. RF Frequency Response vs. Gain 30073211 30073251 Frequency Response vs. RL Frequency Response vs. Output Voltage (VOD) 30073252 30073213 Frequency Response vs. Capacitive Load Suggested ROUT vs. Capacitive Load 30073217 www.national.com 30073218 6 2 VPP Pulse Response Single Ended Input 30073253 30073254 4 VPP Pulse Response Single Ended Input Distortion vs. Frequency Single Ended Input 30073228 30073255 Distortion vs. Output Common Mode Voltage Distortion vs. Output Common Mode Voltage 30073233 30073234 7 www.national.com LMH6554 0.5 VPP Pulse Response Single Ended Input LMH6554 Distortion vs. Output Common Mode Voltage 3rd Order Intermodulation Products vs VOUT 30073235 30073248 OIP3 vs Output Power POUT OIP3 vs Center Frequency 30073250 30073249 Maximum VOUT vs. IOUT Minimum VOUT vs. IOUT 30073236 www.national.com 30073237 8 LMH6554 Overdrive Recovery PSRR 30073240 30073241 CMRR Balance Error 30073242 30073243 Open Loop Transimpedance Closed Loop Output Impedance 30073238 30073239 9 www.national.com LMH6554 Differential S-Parameter Magnitude vs. Frequency 30073246 www.national.com 10 The LMH6554 is a fully differential, current feedback amplifier with integrated output common mode control, designed to provide low distortion amplification to wide bandwidth differential signals. The common mode feedback circuit sets the output common mode voltage independent of the input common mode, as well as forcing the V+ and V- outputs to be equal in magnitude and opposite in phase, even when only one of the inputs is driven as in single to differential conversion. The proprietary current feedback architecture of the LMH6554 offers gain and bandwidth independence with exceptional gain flatness and noise performance, even at high values of gain, simply with the appropriate choice of RF1 and RF2. Generally RF1 is set equal to RF2, and RG1 equal to RG2, so that the gain is set by the ratio RF/RG. Matching of these resistors greatly affects CMRR, DC offset error, and output balance. A maximum of 0.1% tolerance resistors are recommended for optimal performance, and the amplifier is internally compensated to operate with optimum gain flatness with RF value of 200 depending on PCB layout, and load resistance. The output common mode voltage is set by the VCM pin with a fixed gain of 1 V/V. This pin should be driven by a low impedance reference and should be bypassed to ground with a 0.1 F ceramic capacitor. Any unwanted signal coupling into the VCM pin will be passed along to the outputs, reducing the performance of the amplifier. The LMH6554 can be configured to operate on a single 5V supply connected to V+ with V- grounded or configured for a split supply operation with V+ = +2.5V and V- = -2.5V. Operation on a single 5V supply, depending on gain, is limited by the input common mode range; therefore, AC coupling may be required. Split supplies will allow much less restricted AC and DC coupled operation with optimum distortion performance. The LMH6554 is equipped with an enable pin (VEN) to reduce power consumption when not in use. The VEN pin, when not driven, floats high (on). When the VEN pin is pulled low the amplifier is disabled and the amplifier output stage goes into a high impedance state so the feedback and gain set resistors determine the output impedance of the circuit. For this reason input to output isolation will be poor in the disabled state and the part is not recommended in multiplexed applications where outputs are all tied together. 30073257 FIGURE 1. Differential S-Parameter Test Circuit Single Ended Input To Differential Output Operation In many applications, it is required to drive a differential input ADC from a single ended source. Traditionally, transformers have been used to provide single to differential conversion, but these are inherently bandpass by nature and cannot be used for DC coupled applications. The LMH6554 provides excellent performance as a single-ended input to differential output converter down to DC. Figure 2 shows a typical application circuit where an LMH6554 is used to produce a balanced differential output signal from a single ended source. Fully Differential Operation The LMH6554 will peform best in a fully differential configuration. The circuit shown in Figure 1 is a typical fully differential application circuit as might be used to drive an analog to digital converter (ADC). In this circuit the closed loop gain is AV=VOUT/VIN=RF/RG, where the feedback is symmetric. The series output resistors, RO, are optional and help keep the amplifier stable when presented with a capacitive load. Refer to the Driving Capacitive Loads section for details. When driven from a differential source, the LMH6554 provides low distortion, excellent balance, and common mode rejection. This is true provided the resistors RF, RG and RO are well matched and strict symmetry is observed in board layout. With an intrinsic device CMRR of greater than 70 dB, using 0.1% resistors will give a worst case CMRR of around 50 dB for most circuits. The circuit configuration shown in Figure 1 was used to measure differential S-parameters in a 100 environment at a 30073258 FIGURE 2. Single Ended Input with Differential Output When using the LMH6554 in single-to-differential mode, the complimentary output is forced to a phase inverted replica of the driven output by the common mode feedback circuit as opposed to being driven by its own complimentary input. Consequently, as the driven input changes, the common mode feedback action results in a varying common mode voltage at the amplifier's inputs, proportional to the driving signal. Due to the non-ideal common mode rejection of the amplifier's input stage, a small common mode signal appears at the out- 11 www.national.com LMH6554 gain of 1 V/V. Refer to the Differential S-Parameter vs. Frequency Plots in the Typical Performance Characteristics section for measurement results. Application Information LMH6554 = 5V and V+ and V- are selected to center the amplifier input common mode range to suit the application. puts which is superimposed on the differential output signal. The ratio of the change in output common mode voltage to output differential voltage is commonly referred to as output balance error. The output balance error response of the LMH6554 over frequency is shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. To match the input impedance of the circuit in Figure 2 to a specified source resistance, RS, requries that RT || RIN = RS. The equations governing RIN and AV for single-to-differential operation are also provide in Figure 2. These equations, along with the source matching condition, must be solved iteratively to achieve the desired gain with the proper input termination. Component values for several common gain configuration in a 50 environment are given in Table 1. Table 1. Gain Component Values for 50 System Gain RF RG RT RM 0dB 200 191 62 27.7 6dB 200 91 76.8 30.3 12dB 200 35.7 147 37.3 Driving Analog To Digital Converters Analog-to-digital converters present challenging load conditions. They typically have high impedance inputs with large and often variable capacitive components. Figure 5 shows the LMH6554 driving an ultra-high-speed Gigasample ADC the ADC10D1500. The LMH6554 common mode voltage is set by the ADC10D1500. The circuit in Figure 5 has a 2nd order bandpass LC filter across the differential inputs of the ADC10D1500. The ADC10D1500 is a dual channel 10-bit ADC with maximum sampling rate of 3 GSPS when operating in a single channel mode and 1.5 GSPS in dual channel mode. Figure 4 shows the SFDR and SNR performance vs. frequency for the LMH6554 and ADC10D1500 combination circuit with the ADC input signal level at -1dBFS. In order to properly match the input impedance seen at the LMH6554 amplifier inputs, RM is chosen to match ZS || RT for proper input balance. The amplifier is configured to provide a gain of 2 V/V in single to differential mode. An external bandpass filter is inserted in series between the input signal source and the amplifier to reduce harmonics and noise from the signal generator. Single Supply Operation Single 5V supply operation is possible: however, as discussed earlier, AC input coupling is recommended due to input common mode limitations. An example of an AC coupled, single supply, single-to-differential circuit is shown in Figure 3. Note that when AC coupling, both inputs need to be AC coupled irrespective of single-to-differential or differentialdifferential configuration. For higher supply voltages DC coupling of the inputs may be possible provided that the output common mode DC level is set high enough so that the amplifier's inputs and outputs are within their specified operation ranges. 30073265 FIGURE 4. LMH6554/ADC10D1500 SFDR and SNR Performance vs. Frequency 30073260 The amplifier and ADC should be located as close together as possible. Both devices require that the filter components be in close proximity to them. The amplifier needs to have minimal parasitic loading on it's outputs and the ADC is sensitive to high frequency noise that may couple in on its inputs. Some high performance ADCs have an input stage that has a bandwidth of several times its sample rate. The sampling process results in all input signals presented to the input stage mixing down into the first Nyquist zone (DC to Fs/2). FIGURE 3. AC Coupled for Single Supply Operation Split Supply Operation For optimum performance, split supply operation is recommended using +2.5V and -2.5V supplies; however, operation is possible on split supplies as low as +2.35V and -2.35V and as high as +2.65V and -2.65V. Provided the total supply voltage does not exceed the 4.7V to 5.3V operating specification, non-symmetric supply operation is also possible and in some cases advantageous. For example, if a 5V DC coupled operation is required for low power dissipation but the amplifier input common mode range prevents this operation, it is still possible with split supplies of (V+) and (V-). Where (V+)-(V-) www.national.com 12 Balanced Cable Driver With up to 5.68 VPP differential output voltage swing the LMH6554 can be configured as a cable driver. The LMH6554 is also suitable for driving differential cables from a single ended source as shown in Figure 7. 30073266 FIGURE 5. Driving a 10-bit Gigasample ADC Output Noise Performance and Measurement Unlike differential amplifiers based on voltage feedback architectures, noise sources internal to the LMH6554 refer to the inputs largely as current sources, hence the low input referred voltage noise and relatively higher input referred current noise. The output noise is therefore more strongly coupled to the value of the feedback resistor and not to the closed loop gain, as would be the case with a voltage feedback differential amplifier. This allows operation of the LMH6554 at much higher gain without incurring a substantial noise performance penalty, simply by choosing a suitable feedback resistor. Figure 6 shows a circuit configuration used to measure noise figure for the LMH6554 in a 50 system. A feedback resistor value of 200 is chosen for the LLP package to minimize output noise while simultaneously allowing both high gain (7 V/V) and proper 50 input termination. Refer to the section titled Single Ended Input Operation for calculation of resistor and gain values. Noise figure values at various frequencies are shown in the plot titled Noise Figure in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. 30073262 FIGURE 7. Fully Differential Cable Driver Power Supply Bypassing The LMH6554 requires supply bypassing capacitors as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9. The 0.01 F and 0.1 F capacitors should be leadless SMT ceramic capacitors and should be no more than 3 mm from the supply pins. These capacitors should be star routed with a dedicated ground return plane or trace for best harmonic distortion performance. Thin traces or small vias will reduce the effectiveness of bypass capacitors. Also shown in both figures is a capacitor from the VCM and VEN pins to ground. These inputs are high impedance and can provide a coupling path into the amplifier for external noise sources, possibly resulting in loss of dynamic range, degraded CMRR, degraded balance and higher distortion. 30073261 FIGURE 6. Noise Figure Circuit Configuration Driving Capacitive Loads As noted previously, capacitive loads should be isolated from the amplifier output with small valued resistors. This is particularly the case when the load has a resistive component that is 500 or higher. A typical ADC has capacitive components of around 10 pF and the resistive component could be 1000 or higher. If driving a transmission line, such as 50 30073263 FIGURE 8. Split Supply Bypassing Capacitors 13 www.national.com LMH6554 coaxial or 100 twisted pair, using matching resistors will be sufficient to isolate any subsequent capacitance. For other applications see the Suggested ROUT vs. Capacitive Load charts in the Typical Performance Characteristics section. LMH6554 ESD Protection The LMH6554 is protected against electrostatic discharge (ESD) on all pins. The LMH6554 will survive 2000V Human Body model and 250V Machine model events. Under normal operation the ESD diodes have no affect on circuit performance. There are occasions, however, when the ESD diodes will be evident. If the LMH6554 is driven by a large signal while the device is powered down the ESD diodes will conduct . The current that flows through the ESD diodes will either exit the chip through the supply pins or will flow through the device, hence it is possible to power up a chip with a large signal applied to the input pins. Using the shutdown mode is one way to conserve power and still prevent unexpected operation. Board Layout 30073264 The LMH6554 is a high speed, high performance amplifier. In order to get maximum benefit from the differential circuit architecture board layout and component selection is very critical. The circuit board should have a low inductance ground plane and well bypassed broad supply lines. External components should be leadless surface mount types. The feedback network and output matching resistors should be composed of short traces and precision resistors (0.1%). The output matching resistors should be placed within 3 or 4 mm of the amplifier as should the supply bypass capacitors. Refer to the section titled Power Supply Bypassing for recommendations on bypass circuit layout. Evaluation boards are available through the product folder on National's web site. By design, the LMH6554 is relatively insensitive to parasitic capacitance at its inputs. Nonetheless, ground and power plane metal should be removed from beneath the amplifier and from beneath RF and RG for best performance at high frequency. With any differential signal path, symmetry is very important. Even small amounts of asymmetry can contribute to distortion and balance errors. FIGURE 9. Single Supply Bypassing Capacitors Power Dissipation The LMH6554 is optimized for maximum speed and performance in a small form factor 14 lead LLP package. To ensure maximum output drive and highest performance, thermal shutdown is not provided. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to make sure that the TJMAX is never exceeded due to the overall power dissipation. Follow these steps to determine the maximum power dissipation for the LMH6554: 1. Calculate the quiescent (no-load) power: PAMP = ICC * (VS), where VS = V+ - V-. (Be sure to include any current through the feedback network if VCM is not mid-rail). 2. Calculate the RMS power dissipated in each of the output stages: PD (rms) = rms ((VS - V+OUT) * I+OUT) + rms ((VS - V-OUT) * I-OUT), where VOUT and IOUT are the voltage and the current measured at the output pins of the differential amplifier as if they were single ended amplifiers and VS is the total supply voltage. 3. Calculate the total RMS power: PT = PAMP + PD. The maximum power that the LMH6554 package can dissipate at a given temperature can be derived with the following equation: PMAX = (150 - TAMB)/ JA, where TAMB = Ambient temperature (C) and JA = Thermal resistance, from junction to ambient, for a given package (C/W). For the 14 lead LLP package, JA is 60C/W. NOTE: If VCM is not 0V then there will be quiescent current flowing in the feedback network. This current should be included in the thermal calculations and added into the quiescent power dissipation of the amplifier. www.national.com Evaluation Board National Semiconductor suggests the following evaluation boards to be used with the LMH6554: Device Package LMH6554LE 14 Lead LLP Evaluation Board Ordering ID LMH6554LEEVAL These evaluation boards can be shipped when a device sample request is placed with National Semiconductor. 14 LMH6554 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 14-Pin LLP NS Package Number LEE14A 15 www.national.com LMH6554 2.8 GHz Ultra Linear Fully Differential Amplifier Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH(R) Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage Reference www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Solutions www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise(R) Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagicTM www.national.com/solarmagic Wireless (PLL/VCO) www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise(R) Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION ("NATIONAL") PRODUCTS. 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