Data Sheet, Rev. 2.2, January 2008 TCA3727G 2-phase Stepper Motor Driver Bipolar IC Automotive Power 2-phase Stepper Motor Driver Bipolar IC TCA3727G Features * * * * * * * * * * * 2 x 0.75 amp. / 50 V outputs Integrated driver, control logic and current control (chopper) Fast free-wheeling diodes Max. supply voltage 52 V Outputs free of crossover current Offset-phase turn-ON of output stages Z-diode for logic supply Low standby-current drain Full, half, quarter, mini step Green (RoHS compliant) thermally enhanced SO package AEC Qualified PG-DSO-24-13 Description TCA3727G is a bipolar, monolithic IC for driving bipolar stepper motors, DC motors and other inductive loads that operate on constant current. The control logic and power output stages for two bipolar windings are integrated on a single chip which permits switched current control of motors with 0.75 A per phase at operating voltages up to 50 V. The direction and value of current are programmed for each phase via separate control inputs. A common oscillator generates the timing for the current control and turn-on with phase offset of the two output stages. The two output stages in a full-bridge configuration have integrated, fast free-wheeling diodes and are free of crossover current. The logic is supplied either separately with 5 V or taken from the motor supply voltage by way of a series resistor and an integrated Z-diode. The device can be driven directly by a microprocessor with the possibility of all modes from full step through half step to mini step. Type Package Marking TCA3727G PG-DSO-24-13 TCA 3727G Data Sheet 4 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G 10 11 Phase 1 OSC GND GND GND GND Q11 R1 + VS Q12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 20 21 Phase 2 Inhibit GND GND GND GND Q21 R2 +VL Q22 IEP00898 Figure 1 Pin Configuration (top view) Table 1 Pin Definitions and Functions Pin No. Function 1, 2, 23, 24 Digital control inputs IX0, IX1 for the magnitude of the current of the particular phase. See Table 2. 3 Input Phase 1; controls the current through phase winding 1. On H-potential the phase current flows from Q11 to Q12, on L-potential in the reverse direction. 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, Ground; all pins are connected internally. 20 4 Oscillator; works at approx. 25 kHz if this pin is wired to ground across 2.2 nF. 10 Resistor R1 for sensing the current in phase 1. 9, 12 Push-pull outputs Q11, Q12 for phase 1 with integrated free-wheeling diodes. 11 Supply voltage; block to ground, as close as possible to the IC, with a stable electrolytic capacitor of at least 10 F in parallel with a ceramic capacitor of 220 nF. 14 Logic supply voltage; either supply with 5 V or connect to +VS across a series resistor. A Z-diode of approx. 7 V is integrated. In both cases block to ground directly on the IC with a stable electrolytic capacitor of 10 F in parallel with a ceramic capacitor of 100 nF. 13, 16 Push-pull outputs Q22, Q21 for phase 2 with integrated free wheeling diodes. 15 Resistor R2 for sensing the current in phase 2. 21 Inhibit input; the IC can be put on standby by low potential on this pin. This reduces the current consumption substantially. 22 Input phase 2; controls the current flow through phase winding 2. On H-potential the phase current flows from Q21 to Q22, on L potential in the reverse direction. Data Sheet 5 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Table 2 Digital Control Inputs IX0, IX1 typical Imax with Rsense = 1 , 750 mA IX1 IX0 Phase Current Example of Motor Status H H 0 No current H L 1/3 Imax Hold L H 2/3 Imax Set L L Imax Accelerate + VS 11 +VL 14 4 Oscillator D11 D12 T11 10 1 11 2 Phase 1 3 Inhibit 21 T12 Functional Logic Phase 1 D14 T13 T14 Q12 R1 Inhibit D21 D22 T22 16 Q21 24 Phase 2 D23 21 23 Phase 2 22 Functional Logic Phase 2 T23 D24 T24 13 15 5-8, 17-19 GND Data Sheet 12 10 T21 Figure 2 Q11 Phase 1 D13 20 9 Q22 R2 IEB00899 Block Diagram TCA 3727G 6 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Table 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings TA = -40 to 125 C Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Remarks Min. Max. 0 52 V - 0 6.5 V Z-diode - 50 mA - -1 1 A - -2 2 A - -6 V IXX; Phase 1, 2; Inhibit -0.3 VL + 0.3 VL + 0.3 V - Junction temperature VS VL IL IQ IGND VIXX VRX, VOSC Tj - - 125 150 C C - max. 10,000 h Storage temperature Tstg -50 125 C - Supply voltage Logic supply voltage Z-current of VL Output current Ground current Logic inputs R1, R2, oscillator input voltage Note: Stresses above those listed here may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Table 4 Operating Range Parameter Supply voltage Logic supply voltage Case temperature Output current Logic inputs Symbol Limit Values Unit Remarks Min. Max. VS VL TC 5 50 V - 4.5 6.5 V without series resistor -40 110 C measured on pin 5 Pdiss =2W IQ VIXX -1000 1000 mA - -5 VL V IXX; Phase 1, 2; Inhibit Thermal Resistances Rth ja - 75 K/W PG-DSO-24-13 Junction ambient Rth ja 2 (soldered on a 35 m thick 20 cm PC board copper area) - 50 K/W PG-DSO-24-13 Rth jc - 15 K/W measured on pin 5 PGDSO-24-13 Junction ambient Junction case Note: In the operating range, the functions given in the circuit description are fulfilled. Data Sheet 7 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Table 5 Characteristics VS = 40 V; VL = 5 V; -25 C Tj 125 C Parameter Symbol Limit Values Unit Test Condition Vinh = L Vinh = H IQ1/2 = 0, IXX = L Vinh = L Vinh = H IQ1/2 = 0, IXX = L Min. Typ. Max. IS IS - 0.2 0.5 mA - 16 20 mA IL IL - 1.7 3 mA - 18 25 mA IOSC VOSCL VOSCH fOSC - 110 - A - - 1.3 - V - - 2.3 - V - 18 25 35 kHz COSC = 2.2 nF Vsense n Vsense h Vsense s Vsense a - 0 - mV IX0 = H; IX1 = H 200 250 300 mV IX0 = L; IX1 = H 460 540 620 mV IX0 = H; IX1 = L 740 825 910 mV IX0 = L; IX1 = L Threshold VI 1.4 (HL) - 2.3 (LH) V - L-input current IIL IIL IIH -10 - - A -100 - - A - - 10 A VI = 1.4 V VI = 0 V VI = 5 V VInh (LH) VInh (HL) VInhhy 2 3 4 V - 1.7 2.3 2.9 V - 0.3 0.7 1.1 V - VLZ 6.5 7.4 8.2 V IL = 50 mA IQ = -0.5 A IQ = -0.75 A VQ = 40 V IQ = 0.5 A IQ = 0.75 A Current Consumption from +VS from +VS from +VL from +VL Oscillator Output charging current Charging threshold Discharging threshold Frequency Phase Current Selection (R1; R2) Current Limit Threshold No current Hold Setpoint Accelerate Logic Inputs (IX1; IX0; Phase x) L-input current H-input current Standby Cutout (inhibit) Threshold Threshold Hysteresis Internal Z-Diode Z-voltage Power Outputs Diode Transistor Sink Pair (D13, T13; D14, T14; D23, T23; D24, T24) Saturation voltage Saturation voltage Reverse current Forward voltage Forward voltage Data Sheet Vsatl Vsatl IRl VFl VFl - 0.3 0.6 V - 0.5 1 V - - 300 A - 0.9 1.3 V - 1 1.4 V 8 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Table 5 Characteristics (cont'd) VS = 40 V; VL = 5 V; -25 C Tj 125 C Parameter Symbol Limit Values Min. Typ. Unit Test Condition IQ = 0.5 A; charge IQ = 0.5 A; discharge IQ = 0.75 A; charge IQ = 0.75 A; discharge VQ = 0 V IQ = -0.5 A IQ = -0.75 A IF = -0.75 A Max. Diode Transistor Source Pair (D11, T11; D12, T12; D21, T21; D22, T22) Saturation voltage Saturation voltage Saturation voltage Saturation voltage Reverse current Forward voltage Forward voltage Diode leakage current VsatuC VsatuD VsatuC VsatuD IRu VFu VFu ISL - 0.9 1.2 V - 0.3 0.7 V - 1.1 1.4 V - 0.5 1 V - - 300 A - 1 1.3 V - 1.1 1.4 V - 1 2 mA Note: The listed characteristics are ensured over the operating range of the integrated circuit. Typical characteristics specify mean values expected over the production spread. If not otherwise specified, typical characteristics apply at TA = 25 C and the given supply voltage. Data Sheet 9 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Quiescent Current IS, IL versus Supply Voltage VS) Quiescent Current IS, IL versus Junction Temperature Tj IED01655 40 IED01656 40 mA mA S, L S, L T j = 25 C 30 30 XX = L L 20 XX = H V S = 40V L 20 XX = L L L 10 10 XX = H S S 0 0 0 10 20 30 V VS 50 Output Current IQX versus Junction Temperature Tj IED01657 800 QX mA 600 -25 0 25 50 75 100 C 150 Tj Operating Condition: * * * * * * * VL = 5 V VInh = H COSC = 2.2 nF Rsense = 1 Load: L = 10 mH, R = 2.4 fphase = 50 Hz mode: fullstep 400 200 0 -25 Data Sheet 0 25 50 75 100 C 150 Tj 10 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Output Saturation Voltages Vsat versus Output Current IQ Forward Current IF of Free-Wheeling Diodes versus Forward Voltages VF F IED01167 1.0 A V Fl V Fu 0.8 T j = 25 C 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.5 V 1.0 1.5 VF Typical Power Dissipation Ptot versus Output Current IQ (non stepping) Permissible Power Dissipation Ptot versus Case Temperature TC IED01660 12 Measured at pin 5. W Ptot 10 P-DSO-24 8 6 4 2 0 -25 Data Sheet 11 0 25 50 75 100 125 C 175 Tc Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Input Current of Inhibit versus Junction Temperature Tj Input Characteristics of IXX, Phase X, Inhibit IED01661 0.8 mA IXX 0.6 V L = 5V 0.4 0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 -6 -5 -2 3.9 2 V 6 V IXX Oscillator Frequency fOSC versus Junction Temperature Tj 30 kHz f OSC IED01663 V S = 40V V L = 5V COSZ = 2.2nF 25 20 15 -25 0 Data Sheet 25 50 75 100 125 C 150 Tj 12 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G 100 F L H 220 nF 1 10 2 11 3 L S 14 11 VL Q11 Inhibit 24 20 23 21 22 Q12 TCA 3727 Q21 Q22 Phase 2 OSC 4 V L V H OSC VOSC 2.2 nF VS VS Phase 1 21 100 F 220 nF 15 10 Q - Fu 12 VSatu - VFu -R Ru VSatl 16 13 GND 5, 6 7,8,17,18,19,20 R1 1 R2 1 VSense 9 - VFl VSense GND IES00706 Figure 3 Test Circuit +5 V +40 V 100 F 220 nF 1 2 3 Micro Controller 21 24 23 22 10 100 F 220 nF 14 VL 11 VS Q11 11 Phase 1 Inhibit Q12 TCA 3727 Q21 20 21 Phase 2 OSC 4 Q22 5 R2 1 2.2 nF 10 R1 1 9 12 16 13 M GND 5, 6,7,8 17,18,19,20 IES00707 Figure 4 Data Sheet Application Circuit 13 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Normal Mode Accelerate Mode H 10 L t H 11 L Phase 1 t H L t i acc i set Q1 t i set i acc i acc i set Q2 t i set i acc Phase 2 20 21 t H L t H L t H L IED01666 Figure 5 Data Sheet Full-Step Operation 14 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Normal Mode Accelerate Mode 10 H L 11 H L Phase 1 H L t t t i acc i set Q1 t - i set - i acc i acc i set Q2 t - i set - i acc Phase 2 H L 20 H L 21 t t H L t IED01667 Figure 6 Data Sheet Half-Step Operation 15 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Figure 7 Data Sheet Quarter-Step Operation 16 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G 10 H 11 H Phase 1 L t L t H L t i acc i set i hold Q1 t i hold i set i acc i acc i set i hold Q2 t i hold i set i acc Phase 2 H L 20 H 21 H t L t L t IED01665 Figure 8 Data Sheet Mini-Step Operation 17 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G V Osc 2.4 V 1.4 V 0 T t GND 0 t V Q12 + VS V FU V sat 1 0 t V Q11 V satu D + VS V satu C t V Q22 + VS 0 t V Q21 + VS t Operating conditions: VS VL L phase x R phase x V phase x V Inhibit V xx Figure 9 Data Sheet = 40 V =5V = 10 mH = 20 =H =H =L IED01177 Current Control 18 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Inhibit L V Osc t 2.3 V 1.3 V 0 Oscillator High Imped. Oscillator High Imped. t Phase Changeover Phase 1 L GND t N 0 t V Fu V Q11 Vsatu C Vsatu D +V S High Impedance V Fl V satl High Impedance t V Q12 +V S High Impedance t Phase 1 Slow Current Decay Operating Conditions: = 40 V VS =5V V L phase 1 = 10 mH R phase 1 = 20 1X = L; 1X = H Figure 10 Data Sheet t Fast Current Decay Slow Current Decay Fast Current Decay by Inhibit IED01178 Phase Reversal and Inhibit 19 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Calculation of Power Dissipation The total power dissipation Ptot is made up of * * * saturation losses Psat (transistor saturation voltage and diode forward voltages), quiescent losses Pq (quiescent current times supply voltage) and switching losses Ps (turn-ON / turn-OFF operations). The following equations give the power dissipation for chopper operation without phase reversal. This is the worst case, because full current flows for the entire time and switching losses occur in addition. Ptot = 2 x Psat + Pq + 2 x Ps (1) where * * Psat IN {Vsatl x d + VFu (1 - d) + VsatuC x d + VsatuD (1 - d)} P q = Iq x V S + IL x V L V i D x t DON i D + i R x t ON I N P S ------S ---------------------+ ------------------------------ + ----- t DOFF + t OFF T * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 4 2 (2) IN = nominal current (mean value) Iq = quiescent current iD = reverse current during turn-on delay iR = peak reverse current tp = conducting time of chopper transistor tON = turn-ON time tOFF = turn-OFF time tDON = turn-ON delay tDOFF = turn-OFF delay T = cycle duration d = duty cycle tp/T Vsatl = saturation voltage of sink transistor (T3, T4) VsatuC = saturation voltage of source transistor (T1, T2) during charge cycle VsatuD = saturation voltage of source transistor (T1, T2) during discharge cycle VFu = forward voltage of free-wheeling diode (D1, D2) VS = supply voltage VL = logic supply voltage IL = current from logic supply Data Sheet 20 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G +V S Tx1 Dx1 Dx2 Tx2 L Tx3 Dx3 Dx4 Tx4 V sense R sense IES01179 Figure 11 Voltage and Current at Chopper Transistor Turn-ON Turn-OFF iR N iD VS + VFu VS + VFu Vsatl t D ON t D OFF t ON tp t OFF t IET01210 Figure 12 Data Sheet 21 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Application Hints The TCA3727G is intended to drive both phases of a stepper motor. Special care has been taken to provide high efficiency, robustness and to minimize external components. Power Supply The TCA3727G will work with supply voltages ranging from 5 V to 50 V at pin VS. As the circuit operates with chopper regulation of the current, interference generation problems can arise in some applications. Therefore the power supply should be decoupled by a 0.22 F ceramic capacitor located near the package. Unstabilized supplies may even afford higher capacities. Current Sensing The current in the windings of the stepper motor is sensed by the voltage drop across R1 and R2. Depending on the selected current internal comparators will turn off the sink transistor as soon as the voltage drop reaches certain thresholds (typical 0 V, 0.25 V, 0.5 V and 0.75 V); (R1, R2 = 1 ). These thresholds are neither affected by variations of VL nor by variations of VS. Due to chopper control fast current rises (up to 10 A/s) will occur at the sensing resistors R1 and R2. To prevent malfunction of the current sensing mechanism R1 and R2 should be pure ohmic. The resistors should be wired to GND as directly as possible. Capacitive loads such as long cables (with high wire to wire capacity) to the motor should be avoided for the same reason. Synchronizing Several Choppers In some applications synchronous chopping of several stepper motor drivers may be desirable to reduce acoustic interference. This can be done by forcing the oscillator of the TCA3727G by a pulse generator overdriving the oscillator loading currents (approximately 100 A). In these applications low level should be between 0 V and 1 V while high level should be between 2.6 V and VL. Optimizing Noise Immunity Unused inputs should always be wired to proper voltage levels in order to obtain highest possible noise immunity. To prevent crossconduction of the output stages the TCA3727G uses a special break before make timing of the power transistors. This timing circuit can be triggered by short glitches (some hundred nanoseconds) at the Phase inputs causing the output stage to become high resistive during some microseconds. This will lead to a fast current decay during that time. To achieve maximum current accuracy such glitches at the Phase inputs should be avoided by proper control signals. Thermal Shut Down To protect the circuit against thermal destruction, thermal shut down has been implemented. To provide a warning in critical applications, the current of the sensing element is wired to input Inhibit. Before thermal shut down occurs Inhibit will start to pull down by some hundred microamperes. This current can be sensed to build a temperature prealarm. Data Sheet 22 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G 1.27 +0.0 9 7.6 -0.2 1) 8 MAX. 0.35 x 45 0.23 2.65 MAX. 2.45 -0.2 0.2 -0.1 Package Outlines 0.4 +0.8 0.35 +0.15 0.1 2) 10.3 0.3 0.2 24x 24 13 1 15.6 -0.4 1) 12 Index Marking 1) Does not include plastic or metal protrusion of 0.15 max. per side 2) Lead width can be 0.61 max. in dambar area P/PG-DSO-24-1, -3, -8, -9, -13, -15, -16-PO V01 Figure 13 PG-DSO-24-13 Green Product (RoHS compliant) To meet the world-wide customer requirements for environmentally friendly products and to be compliant with government regulations the device is available as a green product. Green products are RoHS-Compliant (i.e Pb-free finish on leads and suitable for Pb-free soldering according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020). For further information on alternative packages, please visit our website: http://www.infineon.com/packages. Data Sheet 23 Dimensions in mm Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 TCA3727G Revision History Revision Date Changes 2.2 2009-01-22 Final Green Data Sheet version of TCA3727G Page 11 : Removed P-DIP-20 reference in Permissible Power Dissipation vs. Case Temperature curve. Page 13 : Updated Figure 3 and 4 to PG-DSO-24-13 pinout 2.1 2008-12-04 Initial version of RoHS-compliant derivate of TCA3727 Page 1: AEC certified statement added Page 1 and 24: added RoHS compliance statement and Green product feature Page 1 and 24: Package changed to RoHS compliant version Page 25-26: added Revision History, updated Legal Disclaimer 2.0 2007-06-25 Final Data Sheet 1.0 1998-12-16 Initial Release Data Sheet 24 Rev. 2.2, 2009-01-22 Edition 2009-01-22 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany (c) 2009 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved. Legal Disclaimer The information given in this document shall in no event be regarded as a guarantee of conditions or characteristics. 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