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An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
LM9061
,
LM9061-Q1
SNOS738I APRIL 1995REVISED JANUARY 2017
LM9061 and LM9061-Q1 High-Side Protection Controller
1
1 Features
1 Qualified for Automotive Applications
AEC-Q100 Qualified With the Following Results:
Device HBM ESD Classification Level 2
Device CDM ESD Classification Level C4B
Withstands 60-V Supply Transients
Overvoltage Shut-OFF With VCC > 30 V
Lossless Overcurrent Protection Latch-OFF
Current Sense Resistor is Not Required
Minimizes Power Loss With High Current
Loads
Programmable Delay of Protection Latch-OFF
Gradual Turnoff to Minimize Inductive Load
Transient Voltages
CMOS Logic-Compatible ON and OFF Control
Input
2 Applications
Transmission Control Units (TCU)
Engine Control Units (ECU)
Valve, Relay, and Solenoid Drivers
Lamp Drivers
DC Motor PWM Drivers
Logic-Controlled Power Supply Distribution
Switches
Electronic Circuit Breakers
High-Power Audio Speakers
3 Description
The LM9061 family consists of charge-pump devices
which provides the gate drive to an external power
MOSFET of any size configured as a high-side driver
or switch. This includes multiple parallel connected
MOSFETs for very high current applications. A
CMOS logic-compatible ON and OFF input controls
the output gate drive voltage. In the ON state, the
charge pump voltage, which is well above the
available VCC supply, is directly applied to the gate of
the MOSFET. A built-in 15-V Zener clamps the
maximum gate to source voltage of the MOSFET.
When commanded OFF a 110-µA current sink
discharges the gate capacitances of the MOSFET for
a gradual turnoff characteristic to minimize the
duration of inductive load transient voltages and
further protect the power MOSFET.
Lossless protection of the power MOSFET is a key
feature of the LM9061. The voltage drop (VDS) across
the power device is continually monitored and
compared against an externally programmable
threshold voltage. A small current-sensing resistor in
series with the load, which causes a loss of available
energy, is not required for the protection circuitry. If
the VDS voltage, due to excessive load current,
exceeds the threshold voltage, the output is latched
OFF in a more gradual fashion (through a 10-µA
output current sink) after a programmable delay time
interval.
Device Information(1)
PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)
LM9061, LM9061-Q1 SOIC (8) 4.9 mm × 3.91 mm
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
High-Side Driving and Protection to a Connected Load
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Table of Contents
1 Features.................................................................. 1
2 Applications ........................................................... 1
3 Description............................................................. 1
4 Revision History..................................................... 2
5 Pin Configuration and Functions......................... 3
6 Specifications......................................................... 4
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4
6.2 ESD Ratings: LM9061 .............................................. 4
6.3 ESD Ratings: LM9061-Q1 ........................................ 4
6.4 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4
6.5 Thermal Information.................................................. 5
6.6 Electrical Characteristics........................................... 5
6.7 Switching Characteristics.......................................... 6
6.8 Typical Characteristics.............................................. 8
7 Detailed Description............................................ 10
7.1 Overview................................................................. 10
7.2 Functional Block Diagram....................................... 10
7.3 Feature Description................................................. 10
7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 20
8 Application and Implementation ........................ 21
8.1 Application Information............................................ 21
8.2 Typical Applications ................................................ 21
9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 24
10 Layout................................................................... 25
10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 25
10.2 Layout Examples................................................... 25
11 Device and Documentation Support................. 26
11.1 Documentation Support ........................................ 26
11.2 Related Links ........................................................ 26
11.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates 26
11.4 Community Resources.......................................... 26
11.5 Trademarks........................................................... 26
11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................ 26
11.7 Glossary................................................................ 26
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information........................................................... 26
4 Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision H (January 2015) to Revision I Page
Updated data sheet text to the latest TI documentation and translations standards and flow............................................... 1
Added Bidirectional Applications section ............................................................................................................................. 23
Changes from Revision G (November 2014) to Revision H Page
Changed Handling Ratings to ESD Ratings .......................................................................................................................... 4
Added content to Application and Implementation section................................................................................................... 21
Changed Layout Example figure ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Changes from Revision F (April 1995) to Revision G Page
Added AEC-Q100 Qualification ............................................................................................................................................. 1
Added Handling Ratings table, Thermal Information table, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes,
Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and
Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section....................................... 4
Changes from Revision E (April 2013) to Revision F Page
Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format ........................................................................................................... 19
1Sense 8 Delay
2Threshold 7 On/Off
3Ground 6 IREF
4Output 5 VCC
Not to scale
3
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5 Pin Configuration and Functions
D Package
8-Pin SOIC
Top View
Pin Functions
PIN I/O DESCRIPTION
NAME NO.
Sense 1 I The inverting input to the protection comparator, connected to the external MOSFET source pin and
the load.
Threshold 2 I The noninverting input to the protection comparator, and a current sink for the threshold resistor to
set the allowed voltage drop across the external MOSFET.
Ground 3 Ground
Output 4 O The gate drive connection. Charges, and discharges, the MOSFET gate.
VCC 5 I The voltage supply pin. The VCC operating range has a minimum value of 7 V, and a maximum value
of 26 V.
IREF 6 O A resistor on this pin to ground sets the current through the threshold resistor, which sets the allowed
voltage drop across the external MOSFET.
On/Off 7 I The control pin. A low voltage, VIN(0), will disable device operation, while a high voltage, VIN(1), will
enable device operation.
Delay 8 O A capacitor on this pin to ground will provide a delay time between when the protection comparator
detects excessive VGS across the MOSFET and when the gate drive circuitry is latched-OFF.
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(1) Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended
Operating Conditions(). Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and
specifications.
6 Specifications
6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)(2)
MIN MAX UNIT
Supply voltage 60 V
Output voltage VCC + 15 V
Voltage at sense and threshold (through 1 k)25 60 V
ON/OFF input voltage 0.3 VCC + 0.3 V
Reverse supply current 20 mA
Junction temperature 150 °C
Lead temperature soldering, 10 seconds 260 °C
Storage temperature, Tstg 55 150 °C
(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
(2) JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.
6.2 ESD Ratings: LM9061 VALUE UNIT
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1) ±2000 V
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101(2) ±1000
(1) AEC Q100-002 indicates that HBM stressing shall be in accordance with the ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001 specification.
6.3 ESD Ratings: LM9061-Q1 VALUE UNIT
V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per AEC Q100-002(1) ±2000 V
Charged-device model (CDM), per AEC
Q100-011 All pins except 1, 4, 5, and 8 ±1000
Pins 1, 4, 5, and 8 ±1000
(1) Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but may not meet the ensured specific
performance limits. For ensured specifications and test conditions see the Typical Characteristics.
6.4 Recommended Operating Conditions(1)
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Supply voltage 7 26 V
ON/OFF input voltage 0.3 VCC V
Ambient temperature: LM9061 40 125 °C
Junction temperature: LM9061-Q1 40 125 °C
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(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report.
6.5 Thermal Information
THERMAL METRIC(1)
LM9061, LM9061-
Q1 UNIT
D (SOIC)
8 PINS
RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 150 °C/W
RθJC(top) Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance 46.7 °C/W
RθJB Junction-to-board thermal resistance 49.1 °C/W
ψJT Junction-to-top characterization parameter 6.2 °C/W
ψJB Junction-to-board characterization parameter 48.4 °C/W
6.6 Electrical Characteristics
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
7 V VCC 20 V, RREF = 15.4 k,40°C TJ+125°C, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
POWER SUPPLY
IQQuiescent supply current ON/OFF = 0 5 mA
ICC Operating supply current ON/OFF = 1, CLOAD = 0.025 µF,
includes turnon
transient output current 40 mA
ON/OFF CONTROL INPUT
VIN(0) ON/OFF input logic 0 VOUT = OFF 1.5 V
VIN(1) ON/OFF input logic 1 VOUT = ON 3.5 V
VHYST ON/OFF input hysteresis Peak-to-peak 0.8 2 V
IIN ON/OFF input pulldown current VON/OFF = 5 V 50 250 µA
GATE DRIVE OUTPUT
VOH Charge pump output voltage ON/OFF = 1 VCC + 7 VCC + 15 V
VOL OFF output voltage ON/OFF = 0, ISINK = 110 µA 0.9 V
VCLAMP Sense to output
clamp voltage ON/OFF = 1,
VSENSE = VTHRESHOLD 11 15 V
ISINK(Normal-
OFF) Output sink current
normal operation ON/OFF = 0, VDELAY = 0 V,
VSENSE = VTHRESHOLD 75 145 µA
ISINK(Latch-OFF) Output sink current with
protection comparator tripped VDELAY = 7 V,
VSENSE < VTHRESHOLD 5 15 µA
PROTECTION CIRCUITRY
VREF Reference voltage 1.15 1.35 V
IREF Threshold pin reference current VSENSE = VTHRESHOLD 75 88 µA
ITHR(LEAKAGE) Threshold pin leakage current VCC = Open, 7 V VTHRESHOLD 20
V10 µA
ISENSE Sense pin input bias current VSENSE = VTHRESHOLD 10 µA
DELAY TIMER
VTIMER Delay timer threshold voltage 5 6.2 V
VSAT Discharge transistor saturation
voltage IDIS = 1 mA 0.4 V
IDIS Delay capacitor discharge current VDELAY = 5 V 2 10 mA
IDELAY Delay pin source current 6.74 15.44 µA
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(1) The AC Timing specifications for TOFF are not production tested, and therefore are not specifically ensured. Limits are provided for
reference purposes only. Smaller load capacitances will have proportionally faster turn-ON and turn-OFF times.
6.7 Switching Characteristics
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
7V VCC 20V, RREF = 15.4 k,40°C TJ+125°C, CLOAD = 0.025 µF, CDELAY = 0.022 µF, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT
TON Output turnon time CLOAD = 0.025 µF
7V VCC 10 V, VOUT
VCC + 7 V 1.5 ms
10V VCC 20 V, VOUT
VCC + 11 V 1.5
TOFF(NORMAL) Output turnoff time,
normal operation(1) CLOAD = 0.025 µF
VCC = 14 V, VOUT 25 V
VSENSE = VTHRESHOLD 4 10 ms
TOFF(Latch-OFF) Output turnoff time,
protection comparator
tripped(1)
CLOAD = 0.025 µF
VCC = 14 V, VOUT 25 V
VSENSE = VTHRESHOLD 45 140 ms
TDELAY Delay timer interval CDELAY = 0.022 µF 8 18 ms
Figure 1. Typical Operating Waveforms
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Figure 2. Timing Definitions
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6.8 Typical Characteristics
Figure 3. Standby Supply Current vs VCC Figure 4. Operating Supply Current vs VCC
Figure 5. Output Voltage vs VCC Figure 6. Output Sink Current vs Temperature
Figure 7. Output Sink Current vs Temperature Figure 8. Output Source Current vs Output Voltage
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Figure 9. Reference Voltage vs Temperature Figure 10. Delay Threshold vs Temperature
Figure 11. Delay Charge Current vs Temperature
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7 Detailed Description
7.1 Overview
The LM9061 is a high-side controller that can protect the load from overcurrent and overvoltage. An internal
charge pump circuit generates the gate voltage to drive the high-side MOSFET. The voltage drop, VDS, across
the MOSFET is monitored to protect from excessive current. If the VDS voltage, due to excessive load current,
exceed the threshold voltage, the output is latched OFF after a programmable delay time interval.
7.2 Functional Block Diagram
7.3 Feature Description
7.3.1 MOSFET Gate Drive
The LM9061 contains a charge pump circuit that generates a voltage in excess of the applied supply voltage to
provide the gate drive to high-side MOSFET transistors. Any size of N-channel power MOSFET, including
multiple parallel connected MOSFETs for very high current applications, can be used to apply power to a ground
referenced load circuit in what is referred to as high-side drive applications. Figure 12 shows the basic
application of the LM9061.
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 12. Basic Application Circuit
7.3.2 Basic Operation
When commanded ON by a logic 1 input to pin 7 the gate drive output, pin 4, rises quickly to the VCC supply
potential at pin 5. Once the gate voltage exceeds the gate-source threshold voltage of the MOSFET, VGS(ON),
(the source is connected to ground through the load) the MOSFET turns ON and connects the supply voltage to
the load. With the source at near the supply potential, the charge pump continues to provide a gate voltage
greater than the supply to keep the MOSFET turned ON. To protect the gate of the MOSFET, the output voltage
of the LM9061 is clamped to limit the maximum VGS to 15 V.
It is important to remember that during the Turnon of the MOSFET the output current to the Gate is drawn from
the VCC supply pin. The VCC pin must be bypassed with a capacitor with a value of at least 10 times the Gate
capacitance, and no less than 0.1 μF. The output current into the Gate will typically be 30 mA with VCC at 14 V
and the Gate at 0 V. As the Gate voltage rises to VCC, the output current decreases. When the Gate voltage
reaches VCC, the output current will typically be 1 mA with VCC at 14 V.
A logic 0 on pin 7 turns the MOSFET OFF. When commanded OFF a 110-µA current sink is connected to the
output pin. This current discharges the gate capacitances of the MOSFET linearly. When the gate voltage equals
the source voltage (which is near the supply voltage) plus the VGS(ON) threshold of the MOSFET, the source
voltage starts following the gate voltage and ramps toward ground. Eventually the source voltage equals 0 V and
the gate continues to ramp to zero thus turning OFF the power device. This gradual turnoff characteristic, instead
of an abrupt removal of the gate drive, can, in some applications, minimize the power dissipation in the MOSFET
or reduce the duration of negative transients, as is the case when driving inductive loads. In the event of an
overstress condition on the power device, the turnoff characteristic is even more gradual as the output sinking
current is only 10 µA (see Lossless Overcurrent Protection).
7.3.3 Turn On and Turn Off Characteristics
The actual rate of change of the voltage applied to the gate of the power device is directly dependent on the
input capacitances of the MOSFET used. These times are important to know if the power to the load is to be
applied repetitively as is the case with pulse width modulation drive. Of concern are the capacitances from gate
to drain, CGD, and from gate to source, CGS.Figure 13 details the turnon and turnoff intervals in a typical
application. An inductive load is assumed to illustrate the output transient voltage to be expected. At time t1, the
ON/OFF input goes high. The output, which drives the gate of the MOSFET, immediately pulls the gate voltage
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Feature Description (continued)
towards the VCC supply of the LM9061. The source current from pin 4 is typically 30 mA which quickly charges
CGD and CGS. As soon as the gate reaches the VGS(ON) threshold of the MOSFET, the switch turns ON and the
source voltage starts rising towards VCC. VGS remains equal to the threshold voltage until the source reaches
VCC. While VGS is constant only CGD is charging. When the source voltage reaches VCC, at time t2, the charge
pump takes over the drive of the gate to ensure that the MOSFET remains ON.
The charge pump is basically a small internal capacitor that acquires and transfers charge to the output pin. The
clock rate is set internally at typically 300 kHz. In effect the charge pump acts as a switched capacitor resistor
(approximately 67k) connected to a voltage that is clamped at 13 V above the Sense input pin of the LM9061
which is equal to the VCC supply in typical applications. The gate voltage rises above VCC in an exponential
fashion with a time constant dependent upon the sum of CGD and CGS. At this time however the load is fully
energized. At time t3, the charge pump reaches its maximum potential and the switch remains ON.
At time t4, the ON/OFF input goes low to turn off the MOSFET and remove power from the load. At this time the
charge pump is disconnected and an internal 110-µA current sink begins to discharge the gate input
capacitances to ground. The discharge rate (ΔV/ΔT) is equal to 110 µA/ (CGD + CGS).
The load is still fully energized until time t5 when the gate voltage has reached a potential of the source voltage
(VCC) plus the VGS(ON) threshold voltage of the MOSFET. Between time t5 and t6, the VGS voltage remains
constant and the source voltage follows the gate voltage. With the voltage on CGD held constant the discharge
rate now becomes 110 µA/CGD.
At time t6 the source voltage reaches 0 V. As the gate moves below the VGS(ON) threshold the MOSFET tries to
turn off. With an inductive load, if the current in the load has not collapsed to zero by time t6, the action of the
MOSFET turning off creates a negative voltage transient (flyback) across the load. The negative transient will be
clamped to VGS(ON) because the MOSFET must turn itself back on to continue conducting the load current until
the energy in the inductance has been dissipated (at time t7).
7.3.4 Lossless Overcurrent Protection
A unique feature of the LM9061 is the ability to sense excessive power dissipation in the MOSFET and latch it
OFF to prevent permanent failure. Instead of sensing the actual current flowing through the MOSFET to the load,
which typically requires a small valued power resistor in series with the load, the LM9061 monitors the voltage
drop from drain to source, VDS, across the MOSFET. This lossless technique allows all of the energy available
from the supply to be conducted to the load as required. The only power loss is that of the MOSFET itself and
proper selection of a particular power device for an application minimizes this concern. Another benefit of this
technique is that all applications use only standard inexpensive ¼W or less resistors.
To use this lossless protection technique requires knowledge of key characteristics of the power MOSFET used.
In any application the emphasis for protection can be placed on either the power MOSFET or on the amount of
current delivered to the load, with the assumption that the selected MOSFET can safely handle the maximum
load current.
DS
LOAD MAX
DS ON (MIN)
V
IR
( )
( )
=
DS (MAX) D (MAX) DS(ON) (MAX)
V = P R´
DS
DISS
DS ON
V
P
R
2
( )
=
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 13. Turnon and Turnoff Waveforms
To protect the MOSFET from exceeding its maximum junction temperature rating, the power dissipation must be
limited. The maximum power dissipation allowed (derated for temperature) and the maximum drain to source ON
resistance, RDS(ON), with both at the maximum operating ambient temperature, must be determined. When
switched ON the power dissipation in the MOSFET is calculated by Equation 1:
(1)
The VDS voltage to limit the maximum power dissipation is therefore calculated by Equation 2:
(2)
With this restriction, the actual load current and power dissipation obtained is a direct function of the actual
RDS(ON) of the MOSFET at any particular ambient temperature but the junction temperature of the power device
never exceeds its rated maximum.
To limit the maximum load current requires an estimate of the minimum RDS(ON) of the MOSFET (the minimum
RDS(ON) of discrete MOSFETs is rarely specified) over the required operating temperature range.
The maximum current to the load is calculated by Equation 3:
(3)
The maximum junction temperature of the MOSFET or the maximum current to the load can be limited by
monitoring and setting a maximum operational value for the drain to source voltage drop, VDS. In addition, in the
event that the load is inadvertently shorted to ground, the power device is automatically be turned off.
In all cases, if the MOSFET be switched OFF by the built in protection comparator, the output sink current is
switched to only 10 µA to gradually turn off the power device.
Figure 14 illustrates how the threshold voltage for the internal protection comparator is established.
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Feature Description (continued)
Two resistors connect the drain and source of the MOSFET to the LM9061. The Sense input, pin 1, monitors the
source voltage while the Threshold input, pin 2, is connected to the drain, which is also connected to the
constant load power supply. Both of these inputs are the two inputs to the protection comparator. If the voltage at
the sense input ever drop below the voltage at the threshold input, the protection comparator output goes high
and initiates an automatic latch-OFF function to protect the power device. Therefore the switching threshold
voltage of the comparator directly controls the maximum VDS allowed across the MOSFET while conducting load
current.
The threshold voltage is set by the voltage drop across resistor RTHRESHOLD. A reference current is fixed by a
resistor to ground at IREF, pin 6. To precisely regulate the reference current over temperature, a stable band gap
reference voltage is provided to bias a constant current sink. The reference current is set by Equation 4:
(4)
The reference current sink output is internally connected to the threshold pin. IREF then flows from the load supply
through RTHRESHOLD. The fixed voltage drop across RTHRESHOLD is approximately equal to the maximum value of
VDS across the MOSFET before the protection comparator trips.
It is important to note that the programmed reference current serves a multiple purpose as it is used internally for
biasing and also has a direct effect on the internal charge pump switching frequency. The design of the LM9061
is optimized for a reference current of approximately 80 µA, set with a 15.4 k±1% resistor for RREF. To obtain
the ensured performance characteristics, TI recommends using a 15.4-kresistor for RREF.
The protection comparator is configured such that during normal operation, when the output of the comparator is
low, the differential input stage of the comparator is switched in a manner that there is virtually no current flowing
into the noninverting input of the comparator. Therefore, only IREF flows through resistor RTHRESHOLD. All of the
input bias current, 20 µA maximum, for the comparator input stage (twice the ISENSE specification of 10 µA
maximum, defined for equal potentials on each of the comparator inputs) however flows into the inverting input
through resistor RSENSE. At the comparator threshold, the current through RSENSE is no more than the ISENSE
specification of 10 µA.
Figure 14. Protection Comparator Biasing
To tailor the VDS (MAX) threshold for any particular application, the resistor RTHRESHOLD can be selected per
Equation 5:
TIMER DELAY
DELAY
DELAY
V C
T
I
( )´
=
REF THR
DS (MAX) SENSE SENSE OS
REF
V R
V = I R V
R( )
´
- ´ +
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Feature Description (continued)
where
RREF = 15.4 k.
ISENSE is the input bias current to the protection comparator.
RSENSE is the resistor connected to pin 1.
VOS is the offset voltage of the protection comparator (typically in the range of ±10 mV). (5)
The resistor RSENSE is optional, but TI strongly recommends proving transient protection for the Sense pin,
especially when driving inductive type loads. A minimum value of 1 kprotects the pin from transients ranging
from 25 V to +60 V. This resistor must be equal to, or less than, the resistor used for RTHRESHOLD. Never set
RSENSE to a value larger than RTHRESHOLD. When the protection comparator output goes high, the total bias
current for the input stage transfers from the Sense pin to the Threshold pin, thereby changing the voltages
present at the inputs to the comparator. For consistent switching of the comparator right at the desired threshold
point, the voltage drop that occurs at the noninverting input (Threshold) must equal, or exceed, the rise in voltage
at the inverting input (Sense).
A bypass capacitor across RREF is optional and is used to help keep the reference voltage constant in
applications where the VCC supply is subject to high levels of transient noise. This bypass capacitor must be no
larger than 0.1 µF, and is not needed for most applications.
7.3.5 Delay Timer
To allow the MOSFET to conduct currents beyond the protection threshold for a brief period of time, a delay
timer function is provided. This timer delays the actual latching OFF of the MOSFET for a programmable interval.
This feature is important to drive loads which require a surge of current in excess of the normal ON current upon
start-up, or at any point in time, such as lamps and motors. Figure 15 details the delay timer circuitry. A capacitor
connected from the Delay pin 8, to ground sets the delay time interval. With the MOSFET turned ON and all
conditions normal, the output of the protection comparator is low and this keeps the discharge transistor ON. This
transistor keeps the delay capacitor discharged. If a surge of load current trips the protection comparator high,
the discharge transistor turns off and an internal 10-µA current source begins linearly charging the delay
capacitor.
If the surge current, with excessive VDS voltage, lasts long enough for the capacitor to charge to the timing
comparator threshold of typically 5.5 V, the output of the comparator goes high to set a flip-flop and immediately
latch the MOSFET OFF. It does not restart until the ON/OFF Input is toggled low then high.
The delay time interval is set by the selection of CDELAY and can be found in Equation 6:
where
Typically, VTIMER = 5.5 V.
IDELAY = 10 µA. (6)
Charging of the delay capacitor is clamped at approximately 7.5 V which is the internal bias voltage for the 10-µA
current source.
DELAY START -UP
DELAY
TIMER
I T
C
V
( )´
=
16
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 15. Delay Timer
7.3.5.1 Minimum Delay Time
A minimum delay time interval is required in all applications due to the nature of the protection circuitry. At the
instant the MOSFET is commanded ON, the voltage across the MOSFET, VDS, is equal to the full load supply
voltage because the source is held at ground by the load. This condition immediately trips the protection
comparator. Without a minimum delay time set, the timing comparator trips and forces the MOSFET to latch-OFF
thereby never allowing the load to be energized.
To prevent this situation a delay capacitor is required at pin 8. The selection of a minimum capacitor value to
ensure proper start-up depends primarily on the load characteristics and how much time is required for the
MOSFET to raise the load voltage to the point where the Sense input is more positive than the Threshold input
(TSTART-UP). Some experimentation is required if a specific minimum delay time characteristic is desired (see
Equation 7).
(7)
In the absence of a specific delay time requirement, TI recommends a value for CDELAY of 0.1 µF.
7.3.6 Overvoltage Protection
The LM9061 remains operational with up to +26 V on VCC. If VCC increases to more than typically +30 V the
LM9061 will turn off the MOSFET to protect the load from excessive voltage. When VCC has returned to the
normal operating range the device will return to normal operation without requiring toggling the ON/OFF input.
This feature allows MOSFET operation to continue in applications that are subject to periodic voltage transients,
such as automotive applications.
For circuits where the load is sensitive to high voltages, the circuit shown in Figure 16 can be used. The addition
of a Zener on the Sense input (pin 1) provides a maximum voltage reference for the Protection Comparator. The
Sense resistor is required in this application to limit the Zener current. When the device is ON, and the load
supply attempts to rise higher than (VZENER + VTHRESHOLD), the Protection comparator trips, and the Delay Timer
starts. If the high supply voltage condition lasts long enough for the Delay Timer to time out, the MOSFET is
latched off. The ON/OFF input must be toggled to restart the MOSFET.
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 16. Adding Overvoltage Protection
7.3.7 Reverse Battery
If the VCC supply must be taken negative with respect to ground, the current from the VCC pin must be limited to
20 mA. The addition of a diode in series with the VCC input is recommended. This diode drop does not subtract
significantly from the charge pump gate overdrive output voltage.
7.3.8 Low Battery
An additional feature of the LM9061 is an Undervoltage Shutoff function (UVSO). The typical UVSO threshold is
6.2 V, and does not have hysteresis. When VCC is between the ensured minimum operating voltage of 7 V, and
the UVSO threshold, the operation of the MOSFET gate drive, the delay timer, and the protection circuitry is not
ensured. Operation in this region must be avoided. When VCC falls below the UVSO threshold, the charge pump
is disabled and the gate is discharged at the normal OFF current sink rate, typically 110 μA.
Figure 17 shows the LM9061 used as an electronic circuit breaker. This circuit provides low voltage shutdown,
overvoltage latch-OFF, and overcurrent latch-OFF.
The low voltage shutdown uses the ON and OFF voltage thresholds, and the typical 1.2 V of hysteresis, to
disable the LM9061 if VCC falls near, or below, the 7 V minimum operating voltage. The low voltage shutdown is
accomplished with a voltage divider biased off VCC. The voltage divider is formed by R1 (30 k), R2 (82 k), and
the internal pulldown resistor of the ON/OFF pin (30 ktypical). In normal operation, VCC is above the minimum
operating voltage of 7 V, and the ON/OFF pin is biased above the OFF threshold of 1.5-V maximum (1.8-V
typical). When VCC falls to 7 V the ON/OFF pin voltage falls below the OFF threshold voltage and the LM9061 is
turned off.
In the event of a latch-OFF shutdown, the circuit can be reset by shutting the main supply off, then back on. An
optional, normally open, switch (Clear) from the ON/OFF pin to ground, allows a push button clear of the circuit
after latching OFF.
R1
30
15.4
2 NŸ
1
NDP606A
Set
Clear
R2
82
Supply > 7.0V
1 µF 0.1 µF
1234
8765
N.O.
N.O.
8A Load
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Feature Description (continued)
Figure 17. Electronic Circuit Breaker
This voltage divider arrangement requires a mechanism to raise the ON/OFF pin above the ON threshold of 3.5-
V minimum (3.1-V typical) when VCC is less than typically 16 V. This can be accomplished with a second,
normally open, switch from the ON/OFF pin across R2 (Set), so that closing the switch shorts R2 and the voltage
at the ON/OFF pin is typically one-half of VCC. When VCC is at the minimum operating voltage of 7 V this biases
the ON/OFF pin to about 3.5 V, causing the LM9061 to turn on. When VCC is above typically 16.5 V, the resistor
divider has the ON/OFF pin biased above 3.5 V and shorting of the resistor R2 is not be needed.
While the scaling of the external resistor values between VCC and the ON/OFF input pin, against the internal
30-kresistor, can be used to increase the start-up voltage, it is important that the resistor ratio always has the
ON/OFF pin biased below the OFF threshold (1.5 V) when VCC falls below the minimum operating voltage of 7 V.
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Feature Description (continued)
The accuracy of this voltage divider arrangement is affected by normal manufacturing variations of the ON and
OFF voltage thresholds and the value of internal resistor at the ON/OFF pin. If any application needs to detect
with greater precision when VCC is near to 7 V, an external voltage monitor must be used to drive the ON/OFF
pin. The external voltage monitor would also eliminate both the need for the switch to short R2 to start the
LM9061, as well as R2.
7.3.9 Increasing MOSFET Turnon Time
The ability of the LM9061 to quickly turn on the MOSFET is an important factor in the management of the
MOSFET power dissipation. Exercise caution when trying to increase the MOSFET turnon time by limiting the
Gate drive current. The MOSFET average dissipation, and the LM9061 Delay time, must be recalculated with the
extended switching transition time.
Figure 18 shows a method of increasing the MOSFET turnon time, without affecting the turnoff time. In this
method the Gate is charged at an exponential rate set by the added external Gate resistor and the MOSFET
Gate capacitances.
Figure 18. Increasing MOSFET Turnon Time
20
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7.4 Device Functional Modes
7.4.1 Operation With VCC > 30 V
If VCC increases to more than typically 30 V, the LM9061 turns off the MOSFET to protect the load from
excessive voltage. When VCC has returned to the normal operating range, the device returns to normal operation
without requiring toggling the ON/OFF input. This feature allows MOSFET operation to continue in applications
that are subject to periodic voltage transients, such as automotive applications.
7.4.2 Operation With VCC < 6.2 V
When VCC falls below the UVSO threshold of 6.2 V, the charge pump is disabled and the gate is discharged at
the normal OFF current sink rate, typically 110 μA.
7.4.3 Operation With ON/OFF Control
In the ON state, the charge pump voltage, which is well above the available VCC supply, is directly applied to the
gate of the MOSFET. When commanded OFF a 110-µA current sink discharges the gate capacitances of the
MOSFET for a gradual turnoff characteristic to minimize the duration of inductive load transient voltages and
further protect the power MOSFET.
7.4.4 MOSFET Latch-OFF
In the event of excessive power dissipation in the MOSFET as detected by the LM9061 sense and threshold
pins, the MOSFET is latched OFF to prevent permanent failure. It does not restart until the ON/OFF Input is
toggled low then high.
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8 Application and Implementation
NOTE
Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component
specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are
responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should
validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.
8.1 Application Information
The LM9061 can be configured to drive the gate to any size external high-side power MOSFET, including
multiple parallel connected MOSFETs for very high current applications. See Basic Operation for details on the
gate drive operation and Turn On and Turn Off Characteristics for details on the gate drive timing characteristics.
8.2 Typical Applications
8.2.1 TITLE NEEDED
The LM9061 is an ideal driver for any application that requires multiple parallel MOSFETs to provide the
necessary load current. Figure 19 shows a circuit with four parallel NDP706A MOSFETs. This circuit
configuration provides a typical maximum load current of 150 A at 25°C, and a typical maximum load current of
100 A at 125°C.
Figure 19. Driving Multiple MOSFETs
22
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.1.1 Design Requirements
Only a few common sense precautions need to be observed. All MOSFETs in the array must have identical
electrical and thermal characteristics. This can be solved by using the same part number from the same
manufacturer for all of the MOSFETs in the array. Also, all MOSFETs must have the same style heat sink or,
ideally, all mounted on the same heat sink. The electrical connection of the MOSFETs should get special
attention. With typical RDS(ON) values in the range of tens of mΩ, a poor electrical connection for one of the
MOSFETs can render it useless in the circuit. Also, consider the MOSFET dissipation during the normal OFF
discharge of the gate capacitance (70-µA minimum and 110-µA typical).
CAUTION
In the event of a fault condition, the Latch-OFF current sink, 10-µA typical, may not be
able to discharge the total gate capacitance in a timely manner to prevent damage to
the MOSFETs.
8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure
The NDP706A MOSFET has a typical RDS(ON) of 0.013 with a TJof 25°C, and 0.02 with a TJof +125°C. An
RTHRESHOLD value of 6.2 kas shown in Figure 19 sets the VDS threshold voltage to approximately 500 mV. This
provides a typical maximum load current of 150 A at 25°C, and a typical maximum load current of 100 A at
125°C. See Lossless Overcurrent Protection for details on calculating RTHRESHOLD.
The maximum dissipation, per MOSFET, is nearly 20 W at 25°C, and 12.5 W at 125°C. With up to 20 W being
dissipated by each of the four devices, an effective heat sink is required to keep the TJas low as possible when
operating near the maximum load currents.
8.2.1.3 Application Curves
Figure 20. MOSFET Gate During Start-Up, Total Gate
Capacitance = 11200 pF Figure 21. MOSFET Gate During Shutdown, Total Gate
Capacitance = 11200 pF
ON/OFF
7
OUT 4
SENSE
1
IREF 6
THR
2
DELAY 8
VCC
5GND 3
U1
LM9061M
Q1
220
R1
0.1uF
C1
15.4k
R3
100
R2
Q2
D2D1
GND
I/O 1
GND GND
I/O 2
ON/OFF
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.2 Bidirectional Applications
8.2.2.1 Back-to-Back MOSFET Configuration
Due to the orientation of the FET, the typical configuration of LM9061 is only able to toggle conduction when
current flows from the drain to the source. In applications where reverse current may occur, the body diode
always provides a path from load to supply. For the LM9061’s OFF state to fully disconnect the load and supply
and prevent any bidirectional current, an additional FET must be placed in series with the original. This back-to-
back configuration shown in Figure 22 allows either input to be the supply side or the load side.
NOTE
An increase in turnon and turnoff time occurs due to the increased gate capacitance from
the additional FET.
To provide the LM9061 with proper supply voltage, two diodes connect both inputs to VCC. This feeds the device
with whichever side has a higher potential, ensuring that it does not disconnect itself from the voltage supply
during operation.
Figure 22. Bidirectional Switch
8.2.2.1.1 Application Curve
Here the bidirectional switch is being used to charge and discharge a capacitive load. As long as the switch is
enabled ON, current is allowed to flow in and out of the capacitor in response to the steps in input voltage.
However, when the switch is enabled OFF, current ceases to flow and the capacitor voltage is isolated from the
input. Operation continues normally once the switch is returned to an ON state.
Figure 23. Bidirectional Switch Controlling Current to a Capacitive Load
ON/OFF
7
OUT 4
SENSE
1
IREF 6
THR
2
DELAY 8
VCC
5GND 3
U1
LM9061M
Q1
220
R1
0.1uF
C1
15.4k
R3
100
R2
Q2
D2D1
ON/OFF 7
OUT
4SENSE 1
IREF
6THR 2
DELAY
8
VCC 5
GND
3
U2
LM9061M
15.4k
R4
0.1uF
C2
GND
220
R6
100
R5
I/O 1
GND GND
I/O 2
ON/OFF
Copyright © 2016, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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Typical Applications (continued)
8.2.2.2 Bidirectional Switch With Reverse Overcurrent Protection
While Figure 22 functions as a bidirectional switch, it does not monitor for overcurrent in both directions. Because
overcurrent is detected when the potential at the sense pin is lower than the potential at the threshold pin by a
user set amount, the LM9061 only offers OCP when the current flows through the FET before reaching the sense
pin. To implement a bidirectional switch that also has bidirectional overcurrent protection, each FET should be
controlled by its own LM9061 device. Figure 24 shows the two LM9061 and FET pairs in a mirrored back-to-back
configuration. By tying the ON/OFF pins together, the switch can still be toggled from a single line.
Figure 24. Bidirectional Switch Including Reverse OCP
8.2.2.2.1 Application Curve
The application curve below shows the reverse overcurrent protection. Even with the bidirectional current, the
device goes into overcurrent shutdown if the current reaches the current limit threshold. Note that the reverse
overcurrent protection is accomplished using two separate LM9061 devices as shown in Figure 24.
Figure 25. Reverse Overcurrent Protection for Bidirectional Switch
9 Power Supply Recommendations
It is important to remember that during the Turnon of the MOSFET the output current to the Gate is drawn from
the VCC supply pin. The VCC pin must be bypassed with a capacitor with a value of at least ten times the Gate
capacitance, and no less than 0.1 μF. If the VCC supply must be taken negative with respect to ground, for
example during a reverse battery condition, the current from the VCC pin must be limited to 20 mA. The addition
of a diode in series with the VCC input is recommended. This diode drop does not subtract significantly from the
charge pump gate overdrive output voltage.
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10 Layout
10.1 Layout Guidelines
1. The bypass capacitor for VCC must be placed as close as possible to the VCC pin.
2. The resistor RREF must be placed as close as possible to the IREF and Ground pins with minimal trace length
to keep the IREF current as accurate as possible. The LM9061 is optimized for use with a 15.4 kΩ±1%
resistor for RREF.
3. In applications where the VCC supply is subject to high levels of transient noise, a bypass capacitor across
RREF is recommended. This bypass capacitor must be no larger than 0.1 μF and must be placed as close as
possible to the IREF pin.
4. The RTHRESHOLD and RSENSE resistors must be placed as close as possible to the MOSFET drain and source
pins respectively. This allows accurate monitoring of the VDS voltage across the MOSFET.
5. An array of vias can be placed along the high current path to the output load. These vias can help conduct
heat to any inner plane areas or to a bottom-side copper plane.
10.2 Layout Examples
Figure 26 and Figure 27 are layout examples for the LM9061 and LM9061-Q1. These examples are taken from
the LM9061EVM. For information on the operation and schematic of the EVM, see LM9061 High-Side Protection
Controller EVM (SNOU132).
Figure 26. LM9061EVM Layout Example (Top)
Figure 27. LM9061EVM Layout Example (Bottom)
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11 Device and Documentation Support
11.1 Documentation Support
11.1.1 Related Documentation
For related documentation, see the following:
LM9061 High-Side Protection Controller EVM (SNOU132)
11.2 Related Links
The table below lists quick access links. Categories include technical documents, support and community
resources, tools and software, and quick access to sample or buy.
Table 1. Related Links
PARTS PRODUCT FOLDER SAMPLE & BUY TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS TOOLS &
SOFTWARE SUPPORT &
COMMUNITY
LM9061 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here
LM9061-Q1 Click here Click here Click here Click here Click here
11.3 Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates
To receive notification of documentation updates, navigate to the device product folder on ti.com. In the upper
right corner, click on Alert me to register and receive a weekly digest of any product information that has
changed. For change details, review the revision history included in any revised document.
11.4 Community Resources
The following links connect to TI community resources. Linked contents are provided "AS IS" by the respective
contributors. They do not constitute TI specifications and do not necessarily reflect TI's views; see TI's Terms of
Use.
TI E2E™ Online Community TI's Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community. Created to foster collaboration
among engineers. At e2e.ti.com, you can ask questions, share knowledge, explore ideas and help
solve problems with fellow engineers.
Design Support TI's Design Support Quickly find helpful E2E forums along with design support tools and
contact information for technical support.
11.5 Trademarks
E2E is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
11.6 Electrostatic Discharge Caution
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
11.7 Glossary
SLYZ022 TI Glossary.
This glossary lists and explains terms, acronyms, and definitions.
12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information
The following pages include mechanical, packaging, and orderable information. This information is the most
current data available for the designated devices. This data is subject to change without notice and revision of
this document. For browser-based versions of this data sheet, refer to the left-hand navigation.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 15-Apr-2017
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package
Qty Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish
(6)
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C) Device Marking
(4/5)
Samples
LM9061M/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 8 95 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM90
61M
LM9061MX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 125 LM90
61M
LM9061QDRQ1 ACTIVE SOIC D 8 2500 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-3-260C-168HRS -40 to 125 9061Q1
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 15-Apr-2017
Addendum-Page 2
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
OTHER QUALIFIED VERSIONS OF LM9061, LM9061-Q1 :
Catalog: LM9061
Automotive: LM9061-Q1
NOTE: Qualified Version Definitions:
Catalog - TI's standard catalog product
Automotive - Q100 devices qualified for high-reliability automotive applications targeting zero defects
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
Type Package
Drawing Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm) B0
(mm) K0
(mm) P1
(mm) W
(mm) Pin1
Quadrant
LM9061MX/NOPB SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.5 5.4 2.0 8.0 12.0 Q1
LM9061QDRQ1 SOIC D 8 2500 330.0 12.4 6.5 5.4 2.0 8.0 12.0 Q1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 17-Aug-2016
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
LM9061MX/NOPB SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
LM9061QDRQ1 SOIC D 8 2500 367.0 367.0 35.0
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 17-Aug-2016
Pack Materials-Page 2
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