Alkaline Handbook English Industrial Batteries SAFETY, LONG-LIFE AND POWER! PANASONIC BATTERIES PANASONIC INDUSTRIAL EUROPE FIND OUT HOW WE CAN POWER YOUR BUSINESS! Panasonic Corporation, founded in Osaka 1918, is one of the world's largest manufacturers of quality electronic and electrical equipment. Its subsidiary, Panasonic Industrial Europe GmbH (PIE) deals with a wide diversified range of industrial products for all European countries. This company was formed in 1998 to strengthen Panasonic's Pan-European industry opera tion, and today is active in such different business fields as Automotive, AV/Communication, Appliance, Industry & Devices to satisfy its customer's needs. Panasonic quality - certified by authorised companies. Holistic sustainability We are able to offer you a wide range of individual power When it comes to production our facilities employ leading PIE Organisation Divisions solutions for portable and stationary applications. Our prod edge manufacturing processes meeting the highest quality Automotive Wood is capital for human beings, animals and plants. The uct range includes high reliability batteries such as Lithium- standards. Our factories are certified to ISO standards. This AV/Communication organisation Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Ion, Lithium, Nickel-Metal-Hydride, Valve-Regul ated-Lead- means that each factory has its own quality and environ Appliance Certification Schemes (PEFC) is working continuously to Acid (VRLA), Alkaline and Zinc-Carbon. Based on this battery mental management. The ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 series are Industry & Devices sustain the ecological equilibrium in our woods. Companies range we can power your business in virtually all applications. the minimum benchmarks that ensure our excellent product PMG (Product Marketing Group) which are certified by PEFC are showing strongly their efforts reliability. Factory Solutions towards the environment and their responsibility in working Panasonic Energy (PEC) started its production of Panasonic with the essential raw material wood. PEFC means holistic batteries in 1931. Today PEC is the most diversified global Furthermore the majority of our factories is also certified to sustainability: an integrated concept which combines eco battery manufacturer with a network of 20 manufacturing OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment logical, social and economical aspects. This Panasonic catalog companies in 14 countries. More than 16,000 employees are Series), an international standard for assessing a manage is printed in compliance with this paper standard. dedicated to the research and development of new batteries ment system for occupational safety. This confirms that our for a new world. factories have been proactive in putting the occupational health and safety of its staff at the centre of the company`s dealings. In addition our VRLA batteries are for example approved to German VdS standard and U.S. UL standard. 2 3 `eco ideas' Strategy Panasonic leads the way ... with `eco ideas' Pursuing coexistence with the global environment in its business vision, Panasonic places reduction of the environmental impact in all its business activities as one of the important themes in its mid-term management plan. In its `eco ideas' Strategy, which focuses in particular on rapid implementation of measures to prevent global warming and global promotion of envi ronmental sustainability management, Panasonic is advancing three key initiatives: `eco ideas' for Manufacturing, `eco ideas' for Products, and `eco ideas' for Everybody, Everywhere. `eco ideas' for Manufacturing Our Plans Our Plans We will produce energy-efficient pro We will encourage the spread of environ our manufacturing sites. ducts. mental activities throughout the world. Our Goals Our Goals In each of our factories a CO2 emissions In March 2010 at least 20 products with Intensive commitment on the part of the of 10% reduction till 2010. the `Superior Green Products` classifi company owners, international coopera cation should be available. tions and involvement of the employees. Our Measures Our factories are evaluated with regard to 4 Our Plans `eco ideas' for Everybody, Everywhere We will reduce CO2 emissions across all Our Goals The Panasonic `eco ideas' House `eco ideas' for Products Our Measures Our Measures CO2 emission, waste disposal, recycling The developers at Panasonic carry out Not only do we sponsor the work of the measures as well as chemical and water an environmental impact assessment WWF for the Arctic, Panasonic has also consumption within the scope of the for all our products. Products that meet launched a couple of other environmen `Clean Factory' program and they are set the highest environmental requirements tal initiatives such as the ECO RELAY ini performance targets according to these in the branch with regard to conservation tiative in which hundreds of colleagues indicators. of energy and energy efficiency are the world over take part voluntarily for classified as a `Superior Green Product' several days in environmental campaigns. Example We are approaching a global turning The concept of this `eco ideas' House corner and it would not be an exag can be decribed as follows: The Wakayama Plant of the Energy Com geration to call it the `Environmental 1. V irtually zero CO2 emissions in an pany is strengthening its management Industrial Revolution'. Based on this entire house envisaged in three to five structure to cut CO 2 emissions from the recognition, Panasonic has built an years into the future main production bases for Lithium-Ion We have dispensed with the use of Panasonic arranged a battery collection and awarded the Panasonic logo `eco ideas'. Example Example With the support of the GRS Batterien (German Battery Recycling Association) `eco ideas' House on the premise of our 2. Synergy of technology and nature batteries, which are a core component of highly toxic Lithium Thionyl Chloride in day with the aim of collecting as many of showroom, Panasonic Center Tokyo in Aforementioned concepts shows that Panasonic's energy business. As a result, the production of our Lithium batteries. these spent energy sources as possible April 2009 in order to help create a Panasonic is not only aware of its envi it has succeeded in roughly halving CO2 This is quite rightly classified as highly and giving out information about the carbon-free society and reduce CO2 ronmental responsibility moreover this emissions per production unit, as well as toxic and should never under any cir recycling loop of batteries from which emissions from a household sector. Panasonic takes action. sharply curbing an increase in CO2 emis cumstances be released into the envi valuable raw materials such as Zinc, sions even as production has expanded. ronment. Manganese and Iron can be recovered. 5 Index Electro - chemical description The negative electrode or anode is composed of zinc powder The battery can is made of nickel plated steel and serves as in the shape of a mixed gel. The quality of the zinc powder and holder for the battery, but also serves as cathode collector. the size of the particles are carefully controlled to ensure a Panasonic controls thoroughly it's own in-house produced good and wide surface area during the chemical reaction, steel cans to provide thin but strong containers for it's thus lowering the internal resistance which is important in batteries to hold maximum volumes of active material in a case of high drain discharges. Because it's the zinc which is safe and reliable way. 1 | Introduction page 6 2 | Electro-chemical description page 7 3 | Contruction page 8 - 9 4 | Performance page 10 - 11 5 | Applications page 11 6 | Individual Data Sheets page 12 - 21 7 | Battery Standards page 22 The positive electrode or cathode is made of manganese ness) is also important to ensure the proper functioning and 8 | Advice page 22 dioxide and is produced in the shape of tablets where graphite reliability of the battery. 9 | Product Safety Data Sheets (PSDS) page 23 - 24 10 | Environment page 25 11 | Panasonic Standards page 25 12 | Packaging page 26 2 giving up electrons, thus creating a flow of electrical current, the anode is also the "capacity determining element". A brass nail connected to the bottomplate serves as anode collector. Exact size of this nail (length as well as thick and electrolyte (and some small quantities of other additives) are added for a better conductivity. This material is generated A moulded nylon seal connected to the brass nail serves through an electrolytical process, ensuring the purity and as a seal with an integrated safety venting mechanism. richness of oxygen. This vent assures the safe and controlled release of any excessive gas which could be generated by improper use of the battery (e.g. short circuiting, over heating, throwing in a fire, over charging or incorrect insertion polarity + 1 wise). Once the vent has opened, it will not close again O2 Introduction and besides the escaping gas there is always the risk that a certain volume of theelectrolyte will leak as well. A non-conductive label provides the opportunity of cosmetic design on the batteries. The label also functions as an isolator In this booklet we will describe the alkaline manganese batteries, which are basically made from the same basic materials as normal carbon-zinc batteries, but offer higher capacity and high drain performance, longer shelf life, better leakage resistance and superior low temperature behaviour. The electrolyte is a potassium hydroxide solution, which between the large positive area of the steelcan and the nega is alkaline (basic) and is present in the anode, cathode and tive area of the bottom plate to avoid external short circuit. separator (as all three are of porous nature) to assure high conductivity during discharge. Structure of Alkaline Industrial Batteries The separator paper divides the positive and negative parts of the battery to prevent internal short circuit and immediate The cylindrical alkaline battery is composed of manganese The actual electrical current is generated through an outside loss of energy. The separator paper is made of a special dioxide (+), zinc powder (-) and caustic alkali (Potassium flow of electrons coming from the anode (zinc), passing through selected material, which prevents anode particles from hydroxide) as electrolyte. These alkaline batteries have a the attached load and flowing back into the battery at the migrating inside the battery and causing self discharge. higher energy output than zinc carbon batteries, a longer cathode (from the can into the manganese dioxide). shelf life and better leakage resistance due to the use of purest materials to minimize self discharge. Their perform ance in terms of low temperature performance is much better too than zinc carbon batteries. [ 6 2 electrons on outer layer are given up by the zinc atoms 7 3 Construction Construction Assembling LR6 Batter y assembling 3 Can Production Procedure 1. 2. 3. 4. Steel can production 1. Seperator and bottom 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. Cup making insulator inser t 2. Can drawing 2. Electrolyte pouring 3. Can trimming 3. Gelled-anode (negative pole) pouring 4. Washing and carbon coating 4. Collector inser t and can curling Finishing LR6 Parts Assembling battery components 1. 2. Battery finishing 1. Collector unit 1. 2. 1. Labeling Bottomplate Washer 2. Final check on volt, amperage, PY seal leakage and appearance Nail 2. Contactstrips 6LR61 Lead A Lead B Snap 6LR61 Cathode Unit LR6 Mixtablets (+) pressing 1. 2. 3. 1. Manganesedioxide-carbon tablet pressing (positive pole) 2. Tablet inserting and pressing 3. Can grooving 8 9 4 Performance A. Voltage and capacity Performance Some batteries, like the 9 volt alkaline battery, aredesigned 4 C. Shelf life with 6 cylindrical batteries in series and are spotwelded Voltage of alkaline batteries usually ranges between 1.55 and together in order to assure a reliable performance during Shelf life is the ability of batteries to keep more or less the 1.65 Volt (open circuit voltage (OCV)), whereas 1.5 is consi discharge. same performance over a certain period in time. Alkaline dered to be the nominal voltage. The speed of voltage batteries nowadays carry a freshness date of about 5 years Capacity loss estimation at low-medium drain % 120 drop during use is determined by the type of appliance Temperature is also important to determine the capacity and from the moment of production. This means that service and the load (drain) which is put onto the battery. performance of a battery. Alkaline batteries are best suited life on a specific discharge compared to a fresh battery to be used in temperature ranges from -10C to +45C. In of the same generation is expected to be over 70% versus 60 Measuring the OCV of a battery is giving only a very rough and some cases the batteries can be reliable to deliver small initial capacity testing. (If the necessary precautions have 40 highly inefficient idea of battery capacity and/or freshness. currents at lower or higher temperatures as well, but this been taken in order to store the batteries in an acceptable 20 The CCV (closed circuit voltage) where for a few seconds a should be suspect to individual and careful testing. At higher and controlled environment with regard to constant 0 load (depending on battery size) is put on the battery is giving temperatures the internal resistance of the battery will temperature and humidity.) a much better view on the status of the measured battery. (If increase at a lesser speed, which will provide a better high the voltage is still close to 1.5 the battery is still in relatively drain performance. fresh condition, if the voltage is closer to 1.0 V, the battery is almost at the end of it's useful life.) 80 Fresh 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years Medium drain The shelf life will be influenced by temperature, humidity and 20C 30C internal construction: B. Discharge types High temperature & high humidity will speed up the degrada Every kind of appliance needs a minimum voltage to operate 100 As different ways of discharge we mainly consider: and the level at which the appliance will stop is usually tion of chemicals which will lead to greater capacity loss at shorter time. refered to as the "cut off voltage". Even if several batteries are Constant resistance (B) Poor quality internal construction might also influence the needed to operate an appliance, for battery test purposes the The appliance keeps it's resistance constant in Ohm degradation of chemicals, but mainly as a potential risk for cut off voltage will be translated as cut off voltage per cell. internal short circuit and leakage over time. (Example: a portable CD player which uses 2 cells and needs Constant current (A) Another, yet more unpredictable factor is the way in which min. 2 volts to operate, so we will say the cut off voltage is The appliance keeps running on constant drain in A or mA the electrolyte might cause to deteriorate over time the 1.0 V per cell.) Capacity loss estimation at high drain non-metallic parts inside the battery and result in leakage. Constant Power (W) Though, there is a very little chance of this happening, it is The capacity of a battery is usually expressed in mAh (milli As the power should remain constant, the drain in Ampere always recommended to use up alkaline batteries within the Ampere hour), whereas the actual drain in combination with will increase gradually during discharge as the voltage will first half of the expected shelf life. the cut off voltage will determine the capacity in mAh for each decrease. % 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Fresh 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 6 Years 7 Years High drain 20C 30C individual use or appliance. It is not as simple as giving only 1 figure to know the actual capacity and/or behaviour of a Power (Watt) = Current (A) x Voltage (V) battery for different ways of discharge. In order to have a clear view on battery capacity, one should give specific For this kind of discharge the increasing internal parameters at which the batteries can be tested or have a resistance towards the end of useful battery life will also wider range of different discharge conditions to view the largely determine the actual useful capacity of the batteries. behaviour of battery performance. Total capacity will of course also be strongly influenced by Panasonic offers a comprehensive family of Alkaline batteries. - Smoke detectors - Scales the cut off voltage. This extensive range of products ensures power solutions for - Marine devices - Handheld Meters nearly all battery requirements. Whenever your portable device - Medical torches - Gas meter devices Maximum battery capacity is limited by the weight and Various applications can be powered such as: volume of the two main raw materials: zinc and manganese The various discharge ways (continuous or intermittent) and needs power, You can rely on our high quality battery technology - Blood pressure measurements - Seismic sensors dioxide. Therefore an LR20 battery will last much longer loads (light or heavy) determine in a large way the actual solutions. - Portable audio devices - Sanitary devices than an LR6 battery just because there is much more active performance one can draw out of a battery. - High energy flashlights - Home monitoring - Door lock systems - Two way radio etc. material inside. 10 5 Applications 11 6 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS 6 LR03AD POWERLINE LR03AD POWERLINE - TYPICAL DISCHARGE VALUES LIF 4m/h 8h/d 5,1ohm end 0,9V V 1,600 1,500 1,500 1,400 1,400 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,100 1,100 1,000 1,000 0,900 0,900 0 V 50 100 150 200 250 min Remote Control 15s/m 8h/d 24ohm end 1,0V 1,500 1,500 Max A 44.5 Min 43.3 C 4.3 E 0.5 F 3.8 G O 10.5 9.5 1,500 300 360 420 480 pulses Recorder 1h/d 10ohm end 0,9V 1,100 1,000 0,900 0 1,600 240 1,200 1,100 0.8 180 1,300 1,000 B 120 1,400 1,200 Dimension 60 V 1,600 1,300 IEC Dimensions (mm) 0 1,600 1,400 DIMENSIONS Fotoflash 10s/m 1h/d 600mA end 0,9V V 1,600 5 10 15 20 25 hrs 0 2 4 6 8 10 hrs Radio 4h/d 75ohm end 0,9V V 1,400 1,300 Specifications 1,200 Name LR03 / S / AAA / AM4 / MICRO / MN2400 / 24A / 24AC Made in Belgium Type Alkaline Foil Nominal Voltage 1.5 Volt Electrolyte Potassium Hydroxide Average weight 11.2 g Storage temperature range +10C ~ + 25C Operating temperature range -20C ~ + 45C Average Impedance +/- 135 m-Ohm @ 1kHz fresh Heavy metals No added mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) or Lead (Pb) Compliant to IEC 60086 1,100 1,000 0,900 0 20 40 60 80 hrs non dangerous goods regulation Nordic ecolabeling (white Swan) EC directive 91/157EC & 98/101EC Recommended cut off voltage 12 0,8V per cell The information herein is believed to be correct. However no warranty is made, either expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of the results to be obtained from the use of such information. Test results are strictly according to IEC conditions. Capacities of batteries are depending on drain, temperature and cut-off voltage. Data are subject to change. 13 6 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS 6 LR6AD POWERLINE LR6AD POWERLINE - TYPICAL DISCHARGE VALUES Radio 4h/d 43ohm end 0,9V V Recorder 1h/d 10ohm end 0,9V V 1,6 1,6 1,5 1,5 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,0 1,0 0,9 0,9 0 20 40 60 80 100 hrs 0 Motor 1h/d 3,9ohm end 0,8V V V 1,6 4 8 12 16 20 24 hrs Remote Control 15s/m 8h/d 24ohm end 1,0V 1,6 1,5 1,5 1,4 1,4 1,3 1,2 DIMENSIONS Dimension Max A 50.5 0,8 1,0 0 7.0 C E 0.5 F 5.5 G 14.5 1,6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 hrs 0 Fotoflash 10s/m 1h/d 1000mA end 0,9V V 1,6 1,5 1,5 1.0 1,4 1,4 13.5 1,3 1,3 1,2 1,2 1,1 1,1 1,0 1,0 Specifications Name LR6 / M / AA / AM3 / MIGNON / MN1500 / 15A / 15AC Made in Belgium Type Alkaline Foil Nominal Voltage 1.5 Volt Electrolyte Potassium Hydroxide Average weight 23.3 g Storage temperature range +10C ~ + 25C Operating temperature range -20C ~ + 45C Average Impedance +/- 105 m-Ohm @ 1kHz fresh Heavy metals No added mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) or Lead (Pb) Compliant to IEC 60086 non dangerous goods regulation Nordic ecolabeling (white Swan) EC directive 91/157EC & 98/101EC 14 1,1 0,9 Min 10 20 30 40 50 hrs 49.2 B Recommended cut off voltage 1,2 1,0 IEC Dimensions (mm) O 1,3 1,1 CD/MD 1h/d 250mA end 0,9V V 0,9 0,9 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 pulses 0 2 4 6 8 hrs DSC 10 x (2s 1,5W/28s 0,65W) 5min on/55min off, 24h/d end 1,05V V 1,55 1,45 1,35 1,25 1,15 1,05 0 20 40 60 80 90 100 pulses The information herein is believed to be correct. However no warranty is made, either expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of the results to be obtained from the use of such information.Test results are strictly according to IEC conditions. Capacities of batteries are depending on drain, temperature and cut-off voltage. Data are subject to change. 0,8V per cell 15 6 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS 6 LR14AD POWERLINE LR14AD POWERLINE - TYPICAL DISCHARGE VALUES LIF 4m/h 24h/d 3,9ohm end 0,9V V 1,600 1,500 1,500 1,400 1,400 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,100 1,100 1,000 1,000 0,900 0,900 0 1,600 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 min Motor 1h/d 3,9ohm end 0,8V V 0 IEC Dimensions (mm) 1,000 1,100 0,900 1,000 14 16 hrs Radio 4h/d 20ohm end 0,9V 0,900 0 5 10 15 20 25 hrs 0 25 50 75 100 125 hrs 13.0 C E 0.9 F 7.5 1.5 G O 0,800 48.6 12 1,200 1,100 50.0 10 1,300 DIMENSIONS B 8 1,400 1,200 A 6 1,500 1,300 Min 4 V 1,400 Max 2 1,600 1,500 Dimension Stereo 2h/d 400mA end 0,9V V 1,600 26.2 24.9 Specifications Name LR14 / L / C / AM2 / BABY / MN1400 / 14A / 14AC Made in Belgium Type Alkaline Foil Nominal Voltage 1.5 Volt Electrolyte Potassium Hydroxide Average weight 69.5 g Storage temperature range +10C ~ + 25C Operating temperature range -20C ~ + 45C Average Impedance +/- 100 m-Ohm @ 1kHz fresh Heavy metals No added mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) or Lead (Pb) Compliant to IEC 60086 non dangerous goods regulation Nordic ecolabeling (white Swan) EC directive 91/157EC & 98/101EC Recommended cut off voltage 16 0,8V per cell The information herein is believed to be correct. However no warranty is made, either expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of the results to be obtained from the use of such information. Test results are strictly according to IEC conditions. Capacities of batteries are depending on drain, temperature and cut-off voltage. Data are subject to change. 17 6 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS 6 LR20AD POWERLINE LR20AD POWERLINE - TYPICAL DISCHARGE VALUES Motor 1h/d 2,2ohm end 0,8V V 1,600 1,500 1,500 1,400 1,400 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,200 1,100 1,000 1,100 0,900 1,000 0,800 0,900 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 hrs 0 Radio 4h/d 10ohm end 0,9V V 1,600 1,500 1,500 1,400 1,400 1,300 1,300 1,200 1,200 IEC Dimensions (mm) 1,100 1,100 1,000 1,000 Max A 61.5 Min 0,900 B 59.5 C 18.0 E 1.0 F 9.5 O 34.2 10 15 20 hrs LIF 4m/h 24h/d 2,2ohm end 0,9V 0,900 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 hrs 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 min HIF 4m/15m 8h/d 1,5ohm end 0,9V V 1.5 G 5 V 1,600 DIMENSIONS Dimension Stereo 2h/d 600mA end 0,9V V 1,600 1,600 32.3 1,500 1,400 1,300 Specifications Name LR20 / XL / D / AM1 / MONO / MN1300 / 13A / 13AC 1,200 Made in Belgium 1,100 Type Alkaline Foil 1,000 Nominal Voltage 1.5 Volt 0,900 Electrolyte Potassium Hydroxide Average weight 142.7 g Storage temperature range +10C ~ + 25C Operating temperature range -20C ~ + 45C Average Impedance +/- 90 m-Ohm @ 1kHz fresh Heavy metals No added mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) or Lead (Pb) Compliant to IEC 60086 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 min non dangerous goods regulation Nordic ecolabeling (white Swan) EC directive 91/157EC & 98/101EC Recommended cut off voltage 18 0,8V per cell The information herein is believed to be correct. However no warranty is made, either expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of the results to be obtained from the use of such information. Test results are strictly according to IEC conditions. Capacities of batteries are depending on drain, temperature and cut-off voltage. Data are subject to change. 19 6 INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS INDIVIDUAL DATA SHEETS 6 6LR61AD POWERLINE 6LR61AD POWERLINE - TYPICAL DISCHARGE VALUES Radio 2h/d 620ohm end 5,4V V 9,9 9,4 9,4 8,9 8,9 8,4 8,4 7,9 7,9 7,4 7,4 6,9 6,9 6,4 6,4 5,9 5,9 5.4 5.4 0 V 10 15 30 45 60 Toy 1h/d 270ohm end 5,4V V 9,9 hrs 0 6 12 18 24 hrs Smoke 620ohm + Kohm 1s/h + 24h/d end 7,5V 9,5 9,0 DIMENSIONS 8,5 IEC Dimensions (mm) Dimension Max Min A 48.5 46.5 B 46.4 C 26.5 24.5 D 17.5 15.5 E 12.95 12.45 8,0 7,5 0 5 10 15 20 25 days Specifications Name 9V / 6LR61 / 6AM6 / MN1604 / 1604A / 1604AC Made in Belgium Type Alkaline Foil Nominal Voltage 9 Volt Electrolyte Potassium Hydroxide Average weight 44.3 g Storage temperature range +10C ~ + 25C Operating temperature range -20C ~ + 45C Average Impedance +/- 2.3 Ohm @ 1kHz fresh Heavy metals No added mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) or Lead (Pb) Compliant to IEC 60086 non dangerous goods regulation Nordic ecolabeling (white Swan) EC directive 91/157EC & 98/101EC Recommended cut off voltage 20 4,8V per battery The information herein is believed to be correct. However no warranty is made, either expressed or implied regarding the accuracy of the results to be obtained from the use of such information. Test results are strictly according to IEC conditions. Capacities of batteries are depending on drain, temperature and cut-off voltage. Data are subject to change. 21 7 Battery Standards Product Safety Data Sheets 9 The denomination of the battery and the corresponding and certain battery brands. (depending if the manufacturer 1. Identification max. sizes used to be decided by different organisations of the device used an actual battery - and which brand - Product name Powerline - alkaline primary battery like the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) or based himself on the IEC standards). Also the voltage Type LR20A, LR14A, LR6A, LR03A, 6LR61A or the JIS (Japan Industrial Standard) but are now of a single alkaline battery is regulated by IEC to be in Manufacturer's name PANASONIC Energy Belgium N.V. Address Havenlaan 6, B-3980 Tessenderlo, Belgium concentrated in the IEC (International Electrotechnical between 1.58 and 1.65V (OCV). Commission) standards. IEC LR20 LR14 LR6 LR03 6LR61 ANSI D C AA AAA 9V JIS AM-1 AM-2 AM-3 AM-4 6AM-6 It is recommended to provide battery space & contacts in a 2. Ingredients way that any IEC compliant battery can be used. Ingredient name Cas# % 1. Manganese dioxide 1313-13-9 25-45 2. Zinc 7440-66-6 10-20 3. Potassium hydroxide 1310-58-3 3-9 4. Zinc oxide 1314-13-2 0-1 5. Graphite 7782-42-5 1-4 6. Steel 7439-89-6 10-30 The IEC is also providing standard test criteria in order to With regard to the sizes, the manufacturers should make have a global platform for all manufacturers to compare sure that the dimensions of the different batteries stay their products. The actual tests and test methods are within the limits of the specified size indications of the periodically discussed with all manufacturers represented on IEC. In some cases these limits are rather wide, which the IEC committee in order to review the criteria based on new can lead to non-conformity between certain devices appliances or new technologies. 3. Hazard identification 8 Advice Critical hazards for human beings If battery starts leaking, exposure to causting ingredients is possible Critical hazards to environment Not applicable Useful info Keep away from children 4. First aid measures Storage conditions applianceregularly. Many appliances, even when turned off, Alkaline batteries are best stored between +10 C and still discharge the batteries with a small leak current and this +20 C in order to obtain maximum shelf life. Storage at might lead to an overdischarge situation. lower temperatures will not harm the performance, but the Avoid skin and eye contact to avoid irritation and/or caustic burns/injury. If leakage from battery contacts skin or eyes, flush immediately with copious quantity of water. If problems arise, contact a physician for medical attention (escpecially in case of eyes!). Ingestion is unlikely due to size of batteries, but in case it happens, a physician should be contacted at once to avoid damage to intestines caused by the unnatural object. battery should slowly be brought to ambient temperature Overdischarge (< 0.6 Volt / cell) can lead to gas generation for optimal performance. Storage at high temperatures and increase the volume of the manganese dioxide mass. 5. Fire fighting methods (> 25 C) can lead to accelerated deterioration of the These 2 effects combined can lead to internal pressure and Flash point (Method used) Not applicable Flammable limits LEL: not applicable - UEL: not applicable Extinguishing media Dry powder, carbon dioxide, foam, dry sand Special fire fighting procedures Fire fighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus when any fire. Unusual fire and explosion hazards Cells exposed to excessive heat, may cause electrolyte leakage or explosion chemicals inside the batteryand eventually to leakage. result in vented batteries and leakage. Charging of alkaline batteries To avoid overdischarge: Alkaline batteries are not designed to be recharged in any - A s an appliance manufacturer, make sure your technical way. Any attempt to charge the alkaline batteries (on purpose design does not allow overdischarge of the batteries. 6. Accidental release measures or by accident) can deviate the normal chemical process, - A s a user of electrical appliances, remove the batteries causing excessive gassing and even overheating and leaka if you do not intend to use the appliances for long periods Personal: Safety officers should be notified in case of large spills. Caustic Potassium Hydroxide may come out from leaking batteries. Avoid contact to skin ge. Wrong insertion & reversing polarities can also charge unless you check them regularly. and/or eyes. Increase ventilation. Personnel cleaning up should wear appropriate protective clothing and gloves. batteries, as well as mixing different brands, chemistries or using old and new batteries together!! When changing the batteries, always change all of them at the same time. Do not mix brands or chemistries and be careful Battery usage and handling Avoid having batteries inside certain appliances over long periods (several months) without using or checking the 22 to respect polarities when inserting the new batteries!! 7. Handling and storage Do not dissasemble, try to charge or throw in fire. Do not short circuit or install with reverse polarity. Do not mix different battery systems, brands, or old and new batteries. Do not remove battery label and do not carry them loose in pocket. Store at dry places and at room temperature. 23 9 Product Safety Data Sheets Environment 8. Exposure controls and personal protection 10 Fully aware that humankind has a special responsibility to Environmental policy Panasonic Energy Europe Respiratory protection (specific type) Self-contained breathing apparatus as any fire situation respect and preserve the delicate balance of nature, we The policy of our company is to contribute to customers Ventilation > Local exhaust Not applicable at Panasonic acknowledge our obligation to maintain and worldwide with our products, with our high-quality and highly Ventilation > Mechanical (general) Not applicable nurture the ecology of this planet. Accordingly, we pledge reliable technology. Ventilation > Specific Not applicable Ventilation > Others Not applicable Protective gloves Not applicable Eye protection Not applicable while we strive to fulfill our corporate mission of contributing Not applicable to enhanced prosperity for all. At Matsushita Battery Industrial Other protective clothing or equipment 9. Physical and chemical characteristics Boiling point Not applicable Vapor pressure (mm Hg) Not applicable Vapor density Not applicable Specific gravity Not applicable Melting point Not applicable Evaporation rate (Butyl acetate =1) Not applicable Solubility in water Not applicable Appearance Encased cylindrical or rectangular shape ourselves to the prudent, sustainable use of the Earth's resources and the protection of the natural environment E stablish environmental management systems and pursue environmental preservation activities. Correctly understand the impact that company activities Co., Ltd. by regarding "working in harmony with the global have on the environment and pursue unremitting environ environment"as a key management issue, each employee mental preservation activities which our technology and will be encouraged to voluntarily promote environmental preservation activities in all business areas. finances allow. Persue external auditing of our operation based on a ISO 14000 environmental management system. W here applicable take action for resource and energy conservation, recycling and waste reduction. B y offering environmental education and training to all employees, raise their awareness about environmental preservation. 10. Stability and reactivity Stability Stable Incompatibility (materials to avoid) Not applicable Hazardous decomposition of BY-products Oxides or fumes of Mn, Zn Hazardous polymerization Will not occur 11. Toxological information Panasonic Standards 11 ISO standards Not applicable to batteries as such: for detailled info on ingredients check nr. 2 PECBE produces LR20, LR14, LR6,LR03 and 6LR61 in Belgium and has following ISO certificates: 12. Ecological info ISO 9001-2000 Not available ISO 14001 13. Disposal considerations Batteries should be disposed of in accordance to local regulations. In case of doubt, contact your local Panasonic office to ask information. Avoid heating/burning in order to avoid explosion at exposure to excessive temperatures. A IEC standards Our batteries comply with following international standards: IEC 60086-1 / IEC60086-2 / IEC60086-5 ANSI C18.1M 14. Transport info These are "Batteries dry" and are not considered to be a hazardous material" per U.S. DOT (department of transportation regulations) or a "dangerous goods" per IATA (International Air Transport Association Regulations). 15. Regulatory info 24 EC labeling none Risk Phrase none Safety Phrase none 25 12 Alkaline Packaging Panasonic offers you a diversified range of standard packaging solutions for Alkaline batteries. Besides we are also able to offer tailor-made packaging. Please dont hesitate to contact us for your specific packaging requests. Bulk (pizza-box) Model Number Size Packaging Packaging Description LR20 D LR20AD/B bulk (pizza-box) LR14 C LR14AD/B bulk (pizza-box) LR6 AA LR6AD/B bulk (pizza-box) LR03 AAA LR03AD/B bulk (pizza-box) 6LR61 9V 6LR61AD/B bulk (pizza-box) Model Number Size Packaging LR20 D LR14 LR6 psc/box pcs/bundle psc/pallet 85 6,120 80 80 11,520 500 500 36,000 500 500 72,000 198 198 14,256 Packaging Description psc/box pcs/bundle psc/pallet LR20AD/4P 4-shrink 24 120 5,760 C LR14AD/4P 4-shrink 24 120 10,560 AA LR6AD/4P 4-shrink 48 240 34,560 LR03 AAA LR03AD/4P 4-shrink 48 240 49,920 6LR61 9V 6LR61AD/1P 1-shrink 12 60 11,520 Size Packaging Packaging Description 85 Small Box Big Box Model Number 26 psc/box pcs/bundle psc/pallet LR6 AA LR6AD/2P 2-shrink (unsorted packed in carton box) 200 200 20,000 LR6 AA LR6AD/3P 3-shrink (unsorted packed in carton box) 600 600 28,800 LR03 AAA LR03AD/2P 2-shrink (unsorted packed in carton box) 500 500 50,000 LR03 AAA LR03AD/3P 3-shrink (unsorted packed in carton box) 450 450 45,000 Tailor-made packaging: If you have any further packaging wish such as particular carton boxes etc. it needs a reasona ble quantity of battery demand. And it will take a certain time to evaluate the production procedure. LITERATURE AND GENERAL PRODUCT INFORMATION United Kingdom/Ireland Panasonic Industrial Europe GmbH Willoughby Road Bracknell Berkshire RG12 8FP England Phone: +44 1344-85 32 60 Fax: +44 1344-85 33 13 Italy Panasonic Italia S.p.A. Via Lucini 19 20125 Milano Italy Phone: +39 02-6788-232 Fax: +39 02-6788-207 Spain/Portugal Panasonic Industrial Europe GmbH Sucursal en Espana Parque Empresarial @ Sant Cugat, Via Augusta 15-25 Edificio B2 Planta 4 Oficina 17 08174 Sant Cugat del Vales Barcelona Spain Phone: +34 93-504 30 10 Fax: +34 93-675 58 92 France Panasonic France S.A.S 1 - 3 Avenue Francois Mitterrand 93218 Saint-Denis La Plaine, Cedex France Phone: +33 1-55 93 67 18 Fax: +33 1-55 93 67 90 Germany (all other european countries) Panasonic Industrial Europe GmbH Winsbergring 15 22525 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 40-85 386-157 Fax: +49 40-85 386-238 E-mail and Website for all countries battery-solutions@eu.panasonic.com http://industrial.panasonic.com/eu PANA/HB-ALKALINE/B Notice to Readers It is the responsibility of each user to ensure that every battery application is adequately designed safe and compatible with all conditions encountered during use, and in conformance with existing standards and requirements. This literature contains information concerning cells and batteries manufactured by Panasonic Corporation. This information is generally descriptive only and is not intended to make or imply any representation, guarantee or warranty with respect to any cells and batteries. Cell and battery designs are subject to modification without notice. This catalog has been produced using unchlorinated and PEFC certified paper. For more details please contact: Panasonic is a registered trademark of Panasonic Corporation. Printed in Germany. (c) Panasonic Corporation