![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
LTC2411/LTC2411-1
22
2411fa
For more information www.linear.com/LTC2411
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
The internal serial clock mode is selected at the end of the
power-on reset (POR) cycle. The POR cycle is concluded
approximately 1ms after VCC exceeds 1.9V. An internal
weak pull-up is active during the POR cycle; therefore, the
internal serial clock timing mode is automatically selected
if SCK is not externally driven LOW (if SCK is loaded such
that the internal pull-up cannot pull the pin HIGH, the
external SCK mode will be selected).
During the conversion, the SCK and the serial data output
pin (SDO) are HIGH (EOC = 1). Once the conversion is
complete, SCK and SDO go LOW (EOC = 0) indicating the
conversion has finished and the device has entered the
low power sleep state. The part remains in the sleep state
a minimum amount of time (1/2 the internal SCK period)
then immediately begins outputting data. The data output
cycle begins on the first rising edge of SCK and ends after
the 32nd rising edge. Data is shifted out the SDO pin on
each falling edge of SCK. The internally generated serial
clock is output to the SCK pin. This signal may be used to
shift the conversion result into external circuitry. EOC can
be latched on the first rising edge of SCK and the last bit
of the conversion result can be latched on the 32nd rising
edge of SCK. After the 32nd rising edge, SDO goes HIGH
(EOC = 1) indicating a new conversion is in progress. SCK
remains HIGH during the conversion.
PRESERVING THE CONVERTER ACCURACY
The LTC2411/LTC2411-1 are designed to reduce as much
as possible the conversion result sensitivity to device de-
coupling, PCB layout, anti-aliasing circuits, line frequency
perturbations and so on. Nevertheless, in order to preserve
the extreme accuracy capability of this part, some simple
precautions are desirable.
Digital Signal Levels
The LTC2411/LTC2411-1’s digital interface is easy to use.
Its digital inputs (FO, CS and SCK in External SCK mode
of operation) accept standard TTL/CMOS logic levels and
the internal hysteresis receivers can tolerate edge rates
as slow as 100µs. However, some considerations are
required to take advantage of the exceptional accuracy
and low supply current of this converter.
The digital output signals (SDO and SCK in Internal SCK
mode of operation) are less of a concern because they are
not generally active during the conversion state.
While a digital input signal is in the range 0.5V to
(VCC–0.5V), the CMOS input receiver draws additional
current from the power supply. It should be noted that,
when any one of the digital input signals (FO, CS and SCK
in External SCK mode of operation) is within this range, the
LTC2411/LTC2411-1 power supply current may increase
even if the signal in question is at a valid logic level. For
micropower operation, it is recommended to drive all
digital input signals to full CMOS levels [VIL < 0.4V and
VOH > (VCC – 0.4V)].
During the conversion period, the undershoot and/or over-
shoot of a fast digital signal connected to the LTC2411/
LTC2411-1 pins may severely disturb the analog to digital
conversion process. Undershoot and overshoot can occur
because of the impedance mismatch at the converter pin
when the transition time of an external control signal is
less than twice the propagation delay from the driver to
LTC2411/LTC2411-1. For reference, on a regular FR-4
board, signal propagation velocity is approximately 183ps/
inch for internal traces and 170ps/inch for surface traces.
Thus, a driver generating a control signal with a minimum
transition time of 1ns must be connected to the converter
pin through a trace shorter than 2.5 inches. This problem
becomes particularly difficult when shared control lines are
used and multiple reflections may occur. The solution is
to carefully terminate all transmission lines close to their
characteristic impedance.
Parallel termination near the LTC2411/LTC2411-1 pin will
eliminate this problem but will increase the driver power
dissipation. A series resistor between 27Ω and 56Ω placed
near the driver or near the LTC2411/LTC2411-1 pin will
also eliminate this problem without additional power dis-
sipation. The actual resistor value depends upon the trace
impedance and connection topology.
An alternate solution is to reduce the edge rate of the
control signals. It should be noted that using very slow
edges will increase the converter power supply current
during the transition time. The differential input and ref-
erence architecture reduce substantially the converter’s
sensitivity to ground currents.