Electron Datasheet (v005) Functional description OVERVIEW The Electron is a tiny development kit for creating cellular-connected electronics projects and products. It comes with a SIM card (Nano 4FF) and an affordable data plan for low-bandwidth things. Plus it's available for more than 100 countries worldwide! It also comes with Particle's development tools and cloud platform for managing and interacting with your new connected hardware. FEATURES U-blox SARA-U260/U270 (3G) and G350 (2G) cellular module STM32F205RGT6 120MHz ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller 1MB flash, 128KB RAM BQ24195 power management unit and battery charger MAX17043 fuel gauge RGB status LED 30 mixed-signal GPIO and advanced peripherals Open source design Real-time operation system (RTOS) FCC, CE and IC certified Interfaces BLOCK DIAGRAM POWER The Electron can be powered via the VIN (3.9V-12VDC) pin, the USB Micro B connector or a LiPo battery. USB Most USB ports can supply only a maximum of 500mA, but the u-Blox GSM module on the Electron alone can consume a peak of 800mA to 1800mA of current during transmission. In order to compensate of this deficit, one must connect the LiPo battery at all times when powering from a traditional USB port. The Electron will intelligently source power from the USB most of the time and keep the battery charged. During peak current requirements, the additional power will be sourced from the battery. This reduces the charge-discharge cycle load on the battery, thus improving its longevity. VIN The input voltage range on VIN pin is 3.9VDC to 12VDC. When powering from the VIN pin alone, make sure that the power supply is rated at 10W (for example 5VDC at 2Amp). If the power source is unable to meet this requirement, you'll need connect the LiPo battery as well. An additional bulk capacitance of 470uF to 1000uF should be added to the VIN input when the LiPo Battery is disconnected. The amount of capacitance required will depend on the ability of the power supply to deliver peak currents to the cellular modem. LIPO BATTERY When powered from a LiPo battery alone, the power management IC switches off the internal regulator and supplies power to the system directly from the battery. This reduces the conduction losses and maximizes battery run time. The battery provided with the Electron is a Lithium-Ion Polymer battery rated at 3.7VDC 2000mAh. You can substitute this battery with another 3.7V LiPo with higher current rating. Remember to never exceed this voltage rating and always pay attention to the polarity of the connector. Typical current consumption is around 180mA and up to 1.8A transients at 5VDC. In deep sleep mode, the quiescent current is 130uA (powered from the battery alone). LI+ This pin is internally tied to the positive terminal of the LiPo battery connector. It is intentionally left unpopulated. Please note that an incorrect usage of this pin can render the Electron unusable. Li+ pin serves two purposes. You can use this pin to connect a LiPo battery directly without having to use a JST connector or it can be used to connect an external DC power source (and this is where one needs to take extra precautions). When powering it from an external regulated DC source, the recommended input voltage range on this pin is between 3.6V to 4.4VDC. Make sure that the supply can handle currents of at least 2 Amps. This is the most efficient way of powering the Electron since the PMIC by-passes the regulator and supplies power to the Electron via an internal FET leading to lower quiescent current. VUSB This pin is internally connected to USB supply rail and will output 5V when the Electron is plugged into an USB port. It is intentionally left unpopulated. This pin will NOT output any voltage when the Electron is powered via VIN and/or the LiPo battery. 3V3 PIN This pin is the output of the on-board 3.3V switching regulator that powers the microcontroller and the peripherals. This pin can be used as a 3.3V power source with a max load of 800mA. Unlike the Photon or the Core, this pin CANNOT be used as an input to power the Electron. VBAT Supply to the internal RTC, backup registers and SRAM when 3V3 is not present (1.65 to 3.6VDC). The Pin is internally connected to 3V3 supply via a 0 ohm resistor. If you wish to power VBAT via an external supply, you'll need to remove this resistor with a desoldering iron. Contact us if you wish to request trays of electrons with this jumper depopulated. POWERING THE ELECTRON WITHOUT A BATTERY The most forgiving way to power the Electron without a battery is via the VIN input see VIN above. Power may also be applied separately to the Li+ pin or LiPo JST connector see Li+ above. FCC APPROVED ANTENNAS Antenna Type Manufacturer MFG. Part # PCB antenna Taoglas Gain PC104.07.0165C 1dBi ~ 2.39dBi PERIPHERALS AND GPIO Peripheral Type Qty Input(I) / Output(O) FT[1] / 3V3[2] Digital 30 I/O FT/3V3 Analog (ADC) 12 I 3V3 Analog (ADC) Analog (DAC) 2 O 3V3 UART 3 I/O 3V3 SPI 2 I/O 3V3 I2S 1 I/O 3V3 Peripheral Type Qty Input(I) / Output(O) FT / 3V3 I2C 1 I/O FT CAN 2 I/O 3V3[4] USB 1 I/O 3V3 PWM 133 O 3V3 Notes: [1] FT = 5.0V tolerant pins. All pins except A3 and DAC are 5V tolerant (when not in analog mode). If used as a 5V input the pull-up/pull-down resistor must be disabled. [2] 3V3 = 3.3V max pins. [3] PWM is available on D0, D1, D2, D3, B0, B1, B2, B3, A4, A5, WKP, RX, TX with a caveat: PWM timer peripheral is duplicated on two pins (A5/D2) and (A4/D3) for 11 total independent PWM outputs. For example: PWM may be used on A5 while D2 is used as a GPIO, or D2 as a PWM while A5 is used as an analog input. However A5 and D2 cannot be used as independently controlled PWM outputs at the same time. [4] Technically these pins are 5.0V tolerant, but since you wouldn't operate them with a 5.0V transceiver it's proper to classify them as 3.3V. JTAG AND SWD Pin D3 through D7 are JTAG interface pins. These can be used to reprogram your Electron bootloader or user firmware image with standard JTAG tools such as the ST-Link v2, J-Link, R-Link, OLIMEX ARM-USB-TINI-H, and also the FTDI-based Particle JTAG Programmer. If you are short on available pins, you may also use SWD mode which requires less connections. STM32F205RGT6 Pin Default Internal[1] Electron Pin JTAG SWD D7 JTAG_TMS SWD/SWDIO PA13 ~40k pull-up D6 JTAG_TCK CLK/SWCLK PA14 ~40k pull-down D5 JTAG_TDI PA15 ~40k pull-up D4 JTAG_TDO PB3 Floating D3 JTAG_TRST PB4 ~40k pull-up 3V3 Power GND Ground RST Reset Notes: [1] Default state after reset for a short period of time before these pins are restored to GPIO (if JTAG debugging is not required, i.e. USE_SWD_JTAG=y is not specified on the command line.) Memory Map STM32F205RGT6 FLASH LAYOUT OVERVIEW Bootloader (16 KB) DCD1 (16 KB), stores keys, mfg info, system flags, etc.. DCD2 (16 KB), swap area for DCD1 EEPROM emulation bank 1 (16 KB) EEPROM emulation bank 2 (64 KB) System firmware (512 KB) [256 KB comms + 256 KB hal/platform/services] Factory backup, OTA backup and user application (384 KB) [3 x 128 KB] DCD LAYOUT The DCD area of flash memory has been mapped to a separate DFU media device so that we can incrementally update the application data. This allows one item (say, server public key) to be updated without erasing the other items. DCD layout in release/stable found here in firmware. Region Offset Size system flags 0 32 version 32 2 device private key 34 1216 device public key 1250 384 ip config 1634 120 feature flags 1754 4 country code 1758 4 claim code 1762 63 claimed 1825 1 ssid prefix 1826 26 device code 1852 6 version string 1858 32 version string 1858 32 dns resolve 1890 128 reserved1 2018 64 server public key 2082 768 padding 2850 2 flash modules 2852 100 product store 2952 24 antenna selection 2976 1 cloud transport 2977 1 alt device public key 2978 128 alt device private key 3106 192 alt server public key 3298 192 alt server address 3490 128 device id 3618 12 radio flags 3630 1 Region Offset Size mode button mirror 3631 32 led mirror 3663 96 led theme 3759 64 reserved2 3823 435 Note: Writing 0xFF to offset 3106 (DEFAULT key used on Electron) will cause the device to re-generate a new private UDP/ECC key on the next boot. TCP keys are currently unsupported on the Electron but would be located at offset 34. You should not need to use this feature unless your keys are corrupted. // Regenerate Alternate Keys (Default) echo -e "\xFF" > fillbyte && dfu-util -d 2b04:d00a -a 1 -s 3106 -D fillbyte // Regenerate TCP Keys (Unsupported) echo -e "\xFF" > fillbyte && dfu-util -d 2b04:d00a -a 1 -s 34 -D fillbyte MEMORY MAP (COMMON) Region Start Address End Address Size Bootloader 0x8000000 0x8004000 16 KB DCD1 0x8004000 0x8008000 16 KB DCD2 0x8008000 0x800C000 16 KB EEPROM1 0x800C000 0x8010000 16 KB EEPROM2 0x8010000 0x8020000 64 KB MEMORY MAP (MODULAR FIRMWARE - DEFAULT) Before 0.6.0 firmware Region Start Address End Address Size System Part 1 0x8020000 0x8040000 128 KB System Part 2 0x8040000 0x8060000 128 KB Application 0x8080000 0x80A0000 128 KB Factory Reset/Extended Application 0x80A0000 0x80C0000 128 KB OTA Backup 0x80C0000 0x80E0000 128 KB Decompress region 0x80E0000 0x8100000 128 KB Region Start Address End Address Size System Part 2 0x8020000 0x8040000 128 KB System Part 3 0x8040000 0x8060000 128 KB System Part 1 0x8060000 0x8080000 128 KB Application 0x8080000 0x80A0000 128 KB Factory Reset/Extended Application 0x80A0000 0x80C0000 128 KB OTA Backup 0x80C0000 0x80E0000 128 KB Decompress region 0x80E0000 0x8100000 128 KB Since 0.6.0 firmware MEMORY MAP (MONOLITHIC FIRMWARE - OPTIONAL) Region Start Address End Address Size Firmware 0x8020000 0x8080000 384 KB Factory Reset 0x8080000 0x80E0000 384 KB Unused (factory reset modular) 0x80E0000 0x8100000 128 KB Pin and button definition PIN MARKINGS: PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Description VIN This pin can be used as an input or output. As an input, supply 5VDC to 12VDC to power the Electron. When the Electron is powered via the USB port, this pin will output a voltage of approximately 4.8VDC due to a reverse polarity protection series Schottky diode between VUSB and VIN. When used as an output, the max load on VIN is 1Amp. RST Active-low reset input. On-board circuitry contains a 10k ohm pull-up resistor between RST and 3V3, and 0.1uF capacitor between RST and GND. VBAT Supply to the internal RTC, backup registers and SRAM when 3V3 is not present (1.65 to 3.6VDC). The Pin is internally connected to 3V3 supply via a 0 ohm resistor. If you wish to power VBAT via an external supply, you'll need to remove this resistor with a desoldering iron. Contact us if you wish to request trays of electrons with this jumper depopulated. 3V3 This pin is the output of the on-board regulator. When powering the Electron via VIN or the USB port, this pin will output a voltage of 3.3VDC. The max load on 3V3 is 800mA. It should not be used as an input to power the Electron. WKP Active-high wakeup pin, wakes the module from sleep/standby modes. When not used as a WAKEUP, this pin can also be used as a digital GPIO, ADC input or PWM[1]. Can be referred to as A7 when used as an ADC. DAC 12-bit Digital-to-Analog (D/A) output (0-4095), referred to as DAC or DAC1 in software. Can also be used as a digital GPIO or ADC. Can be referred to as A6 when used as an ADC. RX Primarily used as UART RX, but can also be used as a digital GPIO or PWM[1]. TX Primarily used as UART TX, but can also be used as a digital GPIO or PWM[1]. TX Primarily used as UART TX, but can also be used as a digital GPIO or PWM[1]. D0D7 Digital only GPIO. D0, D1, D2, D3 can also be used as PWM[1]outputs. A0A7 12-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) inputs (0-4095), and also digital GPIOs. A6 and A7 are code convenience mappings, which means pins are not actually labeled as such but you may use code like analogRead(A7) . A6 maps to the DAC pin and A7 maps to the WKP pin. A3 is also a second DAC output used as DAC2 or A3 in software. A4 and A5 can also be used as PWM[1] outputs. B0B5 B0 and B1 are digital only while B2, B3, B4, B5 are 12-bit A/D inputs as well as digital GPIOs. B0, B1, B2, B3 can also be used as PWM[1] outputs. C0C5 Digital only GPIO. C4 and C5 can also be used as PWM[1] outputs. VUSB This pin is internally connected to USB supply and will output 5V when the Electron is plugged into an USB port. It is intentionally left unpopulated. Li+ This pin is internally connected to the positive terminal of the LiPo battery. It is intentionally left unpopulated. Notes: [1] PWM is available on D0, D1, D2, D3, B0, B1, B2, B3, A4, A5, WKP, RX, TX with a caveat: PWM timer peripheral is duplicated on two pins (A5/D2) and (A4/D3) for 11 total independent PWM outputs. For example: PWM may be used on A5 while D2 is used as a GPIO, or D2 as a PWM while A5 is used as an analog input. However A5 and D2 cannot be used as independently controlled PWM outputs at the same time. LED STATUS CHARGE STATUS LED State Description ON Charging in progress OFF Charging complete Blink at 1Hz Fault condition[1] Rapid blinking Battery disconnected[2] Notes: [1] A fault condition can occur due to several reasons, for example, battery over/under voltage, temperature fault or safety timer fault. You can find the root cause by reading the fault register of the power management IC in firmware. [2] You can stop this behavior by either plugging in the LiPo battery or by disabling charging using firmware command: PMIC().disableCharging(); . SYSTEM RGB LED For a detailed explanation of different color codes of the RGB system LED, please take a look here. PINOUT DIAGRAM You can download a high resolution pinout diagram in a PDF version here. Technical Specifications ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS [1] Parameter Symbol Supply Input Voltage VIN-MAX Min Typ Max Unit +17 V Supply Input Voltage VIN-MAX +17 V Supply Output Current IIN-MAX-L 1 A Battery Input Voltage VLiPo +6 V Parameter Symbol Supply Output Current I3V3-MAX-L Storage Temperature Tstg Min Typ Max Unit -30 800 mA +75 C 2 kV ESD Susceptibility HBM (Human Body Mode) VESD [1] Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Parameter Symbol Supply Input Voltage VVIN Supply Output Voltage VVIN +4.8 V Supply Output Voltage V3V3 +3.3 V LiPo Battery Voltage VLiPo +3.6 Typ Parameter Symbol Min Supply Input Voltage VVBAT Supply Input Current (VBAT) IVBAT Operating Current (uC on, Cellular ON) IVIN avg Peak Current (uC on, Cellular ON) IVIN pk Operating Current (uC on, Cellular OFF) IVIN avg Sleep Current (4.2V LiPo, Cellular OFF) +3.88[1] Max Unit +12 V +4.4 V Max Unit +3.6 V 19 uA 250 mA 1800[3] mA 47 50 mA IQs 0.8 2 mA Deep Sleep Current (4.2V LiPo, Cellular OFF) IQds 110 130 uA Operating Temperature Top +60 C 95 % Humidity Range Non condensing, relative humidity Notes: Min Typ +1.65 180 800[2] -20 [1] The minimum input voltage is software defined with a user selectable range of 3.88V to 5.08V in 80mV increments. Out of the box, the minimum input voltage is set to 4.36V in order for the LiPo battery to be able to properly charge. [2] 3G operation [3] 2G operation RADIO SPECIFICATIONS The Electron is available in three different versions: A 2G version based on u-blox G350 cellular module, and two 3G versions based on U260 and U270 modules. The difference between the 3G versions is their operating frequency band which differs based on the country. All of these cellular modules are GSM only and do not support CDMA networks. Electron 3G Module Compatible Countries U260 United States, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela U270 Austria, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Kenya, Republic of Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Reunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Republic of Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Republic of Tanzania, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Zambia Please be sure to order a board that works in the country where you want to deploy your project. 2G CELLULAR CHARACTERISTICS FOR G350, U260, AND U270 MODULES: Parameter SARA-U260 SARA-U270 SARA-G350 Protocol stack 3GPP Release 7 3GPP Release 7 3GPP Release 99 MS Class Class B Class B Class B Bands GSM 850 MHz PCS 1900 MHz E-GSM 900 MHz DCS 1800 MHz GSM 850 MHz E-GSM 900 MHz DCS 1800 MHz PCS 1900 MHz Power Class Class 4 (33 dBm) for 850 band Class 1 (30 dBm) for 1900 band Class 4 (33 dBm) for 900 band Class 1 (30 dBm) for 1800 band Class 4 (33 dBm) for 850/900 bands Class 1 (30 dBm) for 1800/1900 bands 3G CELLULAR CHARACTERISTICS FOR U260, AND U270 MODULES: Parameter SARA-U260 SARA-U270 Protocol stack 3GPP Release 7 3GPP Release 7 UE Class Class A Class A Bands Band V (850 MHz) Band II (1900 MHz) Band VIII (900 MHz) Band I (2100 MHz) Power Class Class 3 (24 dBm) for all bands Class 3 (24 dBm) for all bands I/O CHARACTERISTICS These specifications are based on the STM32F205RGT6 datasheet, with reference to Electron pin nomenclature. Parameter Symbol Standard I/O input low level voltage VIL I/O FT[1] input low level voltage Conditions Min Typ Max Unit -0.3 0.28*(V3V3-2)+0.8 V VIL -0.3 0.32*(V3V3-2)+0.75 V Standard I/O input high level voltage VIH 0.41*(V3V3-2)+1.3 V3V3+0.3 V I/O FT[1] input high level voltage VIH V3V3 > 2V 0.42*(V3V3-2)+1 5.5 V VIH V3V3 2V 0.42*(V3V3-2)+1 5.2 V Standard I/O Schmitt trigger voltage hysteresis[2] Vhys 200 mV I/O FT Schmitt trigger voltage hysteresis[2] Vhys 5% V3V3[3] mV Parameter Symbol Input leakage current[4] Ilkg GND Vio V3V3GPIOs Input leakage current[4] Ilkg RPU Vio = 5V, I/O FT Weak pull-up equivalent resistor[5] RPU Vio = GND 30 Weak pull-down equivalent resistor[5] RPD Vio = V3V3 30 I/O pin capacitance CIO DAC output voltage (buffers enabled by default) VDAC 0.2 DAC output resistive load (buffers enabled by default) RDAC 5 DAC output capacitive load (buffers enabled by default) CDAC Notes: Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 1 A 3 A 40 50 k 40 50 k 5 pF V3V3-0.2 V k 50 pF [1] FT = Five-volt tolerant. In order to sustain a voltage higher than V3V3+0.3 the internal pull-up/pull-down resistors must be disabled. [2] Hysteresis voltage between Schmitt trigger switching levels. Based on characterization, not tested in production. [3] With a minimum of 100mV. [4] Leakage could be higher than max. if negative current is injected on adjacent pins. [5] Pull-up and pull-down resistors are designed with a true resistance in series with switchable PMOS/NMOS. This PMOS/NMOS contribution to the series resistance is minimum (~10% order). Mechanical Specifications DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT Width = 0.8" Height = 0.65" Length = 2.05" Weight = 10 grams MATING CONNECTORS The Electron can be mounted with (qty 2) 18-pin single row 0.1" female headers. Typically these are 0.335" (8.5mm) tall, but you may pick a taller one if desired. When you search for parts like these it can be difficult to navigate the thousands of parts available online so here are a few good choices for the Electron: Description MFG MFG Part Number Distributor 18-pin 0.1" (2.54mm) Female Header (Tin) Sullins Connector Solutions PPTC181LFBN-RC DigiKey 18-pin 0.1" (2.54mm) Female Header (Tin) 3M 929974-01-18-RK DigiKey 18-pin 0.1" (2.54mm) Female Header (Tin) Harwin M20-7821846 Mouser You may also use other types, such as reverse mounted (bottom side SMT) female headers, low profile types, etc.. RECOMMENDED PCB LAND PATTERN The Electron can be mounted with 0.1" 18-pin female header receptacles using the following PCB land pattern: An Electron part for EAGLE can be found in the Particle EAGLE library Schematic All of the Electron hardware design files are open source and available under a Creative Commons Public License. The schematic and PCB designs were made using EAGLE CAD. You can access these files here. Note: Clone or Download the complete repository as a ZIP file to avoid corrupted data in Eagle files. USB The USB data lines are terminated with 22 Ohm resistors. These data pins are also exposed via small through holes next to the USB connector and are labeled D+ and D-. The VBUS (+5VDC VCC of the USB port) is fed to the PMIC via a 3Amp Schottky diode (SS3P3). The VBUS pin is also available via the unpopulated header hole on the top-right side of the Electron. PMIC (POWER MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED CIRCUIT) The Electron uses TI's BQ24195 as the power management and charging unit. This PMIC intelligently sources power from either the VIN pin, the USB port and/or the LiPo battery. When all the power sources as connected, the unit tries to source power from the USB or VIN as default and continues to charge the LiPo battery. When the battery is completely charged, the power is then sourced from USB/VIN alone. If there is a power deficit (which generally occurs during cellular radio transmission), the additional power is then sourced from the battery as required. The unit can also seamlessly switch back to the battery when other sources of power are suddenly removed. The DP data pin of the USB is used by the PMIC to detect the presence of a USB power source. It then adjusts the charge current and the limit based on the type of USB power source it detects. This does not always happen successfully since there are a lot of USB hubs and chargers out there that do not meet the USB design guidelines. If the detection is unsuccessful, the PMIC defaults to a 500mA current limit. A user can always adjust these parameters via software. The microcontroller communicates with the PMIC via an I2C interface (pins PC9 and PA8). This interface allows the microcontroller to read the status of the PMIC and set its various parameters. MICROCONTROLLER The Electron uses ST Microelectronics's STM32F205RGT6 ARM Cortex M3 microcontroller running at 120MHz. U-BLOX CELLULAR MODULE The u-blox cellular module talks to the microcontroller over a full-duplex USART interface using a standard set of AT commands. The SIM (Nano 4FF) card is directly connected to the u-blox. The power to the SIM card is also provided by the cellular module. BUFFERS Since u-blox module's communication interface operates at 1.8VDC, while the STM32F205RGT6 microcontroller operates at 3.3VDC, we need voltage translators in-between them. This is achieved with two SN74AVC4T245 non-inverting buffers. The default state of the USART pins is set with the help of pull-up and pull-down resistors, and the unused input pins are tied to GND. 3.3V REGULATOR AND FUEL GAUGE The output (3.8V net) of the PMIC is fed directly to the u-blox cellular module and a 3.3VDC high efficiency switching regulator (TPS62290). This 3.3VDC regulator helps power the microcontroller, fuel gauge and the buffers. The Electron employs a MAX17043 fuel gauge to monitor the LiPo battery voltage and it's state of charge. The microcontroller communicates with it over an I2C interface (same channel as the PMIC). Layout The Electron uses a four layer circuit board. Top layer consists of a signal layer followed by ground (GND), 3.3V power (3V3), and bottom signal. Bill of Materials QTY Device Value Package Designator Manufacturer MFG. Part # 14 CAPACITOR 0.1uF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C14, C17, C18, C19, C2, C20, C21, C22, C29, C30, C31, C6, C8, C9 Fenghua 0402B104K160NT 2 CAPACITOR 10nF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C1,C38 Fenghua 0402B103K500NT 5 CAPACITOR 10uF, 6.3V, 10% 0603 C23, C24, C27, C40, C41 Yageo CC0603KRX5R5BB106 2 CAPACITOR 12pF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C33, C34 Fenghua 0402CG120J500NT 1 CAPACITOR 15pF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C16 Fenghua 0402CG150J500NT 2 CAPACITOR 1uF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C37, C39 Fenghua 0402X105K6R3NT 1 CAPACITOR 1uF, 25V, 10% 0603 C4 Yageo CC0603KRX5R8BB105 2 CAPACITOR 2.2uF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C32, C35 Yageo CC0402KRX5R5BB225 2 CAPACITOR 20pF, 6.3V, 0402 C26, C28 Fenghua 0402CG200J500NT 2 CAPACITOR 20pF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C26, C28 Fenghua 0402CG200J500NT 1 CAPACITOR 22uF, 6.3V, 10% 0603 C5 Samsung CL10A226KQ8NRNE 1 CAPACITOR 220uF, 6.3V, 10% 2312 (6032 metric) C3 AVX TAJC227K006 1 CAPACITOR 4.7uF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C36 Samsung CL05A475KQ5NRNC 1 CAPACITOR 4.7uF, 6.3V, 10% 0603 C25 Yageo CC0603KRX5R5BB475 1 CAPACITOR 47nF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C7 Fenghua 0402B473K160NT 4 CAPACITOR 47pF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C10, C11, C12, C13 Fenghua 0402CG470J500NT 1 CAPACITOR 68pF, 6.3V, 10% 0402 C15 Fenghua 0402CG680J500NT 1 CONNECTOR 2-pin SMD, 2-pin, Vertical JP4 Kaweei CW2001-02T-M01-D 1 CONNECTOR 1x18 1x18, 0.1" pitch" JP1 Kaweei CP25411-18G-S116A-A QTY Device Value Package Designator Manufacturer MFG. Part # 1 CONNECTOR 1x18 1x18, 0.1" pitch" JP2 Kaweei CP25411-18G-S116B-A 1 CONNECTOR USB-MICROBSLOT-HOLE X1 Kaweei CMCUSB-5BFM2G-01-D 1 CONNECTOR SMD J2 Kaweei P1163-0140R 1 CONNECTOR 10mm x 12.3mm J1 Kaweei CSIM2545-06S-D 1 CRYSTAL 26MHz, <20ppm 4-SMD, 5.0 x 3.2mm Y2 Song Ji SJSMD5026M00018F20 1 CRYSTAL 32.768KHz, <20ppm 2-SMD, 1.5 x 3.2mm Y1 Song Ji SJ FC1332K012F520P 1 DIODE 30V, 3A DO-220AA U$3 Vishay SS3P3-M3/84A 2 IC - Buffer SC-70-5 U5, U6 Texas Instruments SN74LVC1G07DCKR 1 IC - Fuel Gauge TDFN-8 U4 Maxim MAX17043G+T 1 IC - Cell Module 16 x 26 x 3mm U1 u-blox SARA-G350SARAU260SARA-U270 2 IC - Buffer 16-UQFN U2, U8 Texas Instruments SN74AVC4T245RSVR 1 IC Microcontroller LQFP64 U3 ST STM32F205RGT6 Microelectronics 1 IC - PMIC 24VQFN U$1 Texas Instruments BQ24195RGER 1 IC - MOSFET SC70-5 U9 Texas Instruments TPS22942DCKR 1 IC - 3V3 Reg 1A 6-SON (2x2) U$5 Texas Instruments TPS62291DRVR 1 INDUCTOR 2.2uH, 1.5A, 20% 3.0 mm x 3.0 mm U$6 Taiyo Yuden NR3015T2R2M 1 INDUCTOR 2.2uH, 4A 4.45mm x 4.06mm U$4 Bourns, Inc. SRP4020TA-2R2M 1 LED Blue 0603 LED1 Everlight 19-217/BHCZL1M2RY/3T 1 LED Red 0603 LED3 Everlight 19-217/R6CAL1M2VY/3T 1 LED RGB 4-PLCC (3.2 mm x 2.8mm) LED2 Cree CLMVB-FKACFHEHLCBB7A363 1 RESISTOR 0R, 1/16W 0201 R32 Fenghua 1 RESISTOR 100k, 1/16W, 5% 0402 R1 Fenghua RC-02W104JT 14 RESISTOR 10K, 1/16W, 5% 0402 R3, R8, R15, R16, R17, R19, R21, R24, R25, R27, R28, R29, R30, R31 Fenghua RC-02W103JT 1 RESISTOR 150R,1/4W, 1% 0603 R22 Vishay CRCW0603150RFKEAHP QTY Device Value Package Designator Manufacturer MFG. Part # 1 RESISTOR 1K, 1/16W, 5% 0603 R23 Fenghua RC-03K102JT 4 RESISTOR 1K, 1/16W, 5% 0402 R10, R11, R12, R9 Fenghua RC-02W102JT 1 RESISTOR 2.2K, 1/16W, 5% 0402 R4 Fenghua RC-02W222JT 2 RESISTOR 22R, 1/16W, 1% 0402 R5, R6 Fenghua RC-02W22R0FT 1 RESISTOR 330R, 1/16W, 1% 0402 R2 Fenghua RC-02W3300FT 2 RESISTOR 4K7, 1/16W, 5% 0402 R13, R14 Fenghua RC-02W472JT 1 RESISTOR 5.49K, 1/16W, 1% 0402 R18 Fenghua RC-02W5491FT 2 SWITCH 160gF 3.6mm x 3.1mm MODE, RESET Haoyu TS-1185A-C Ordering information Electrons are available from store.particle.io in single quantities in 2G, and 3G versions. Product Handling ESD PRECAUTIONS The Electron contains highly sensitive electronic circuitry and is an Electrostatic Sensitive Device (ESD). Handling a Electron without proper ESD protection may destroy or damage it permanently. Proper ESD handling and packaging procedures must be applied throughout the processing, handling and operation of any application that incorporates Electrons. ESD precautions should be implemented on the application board where the Electron is mounted. Failure to observe these precautions can result in severe damage to the Electron! CONNECTORS There are three connectors on the Electron that will get damaged with improper usage. The JST connector on the circuit board, where you plug in the LiPo battery, is very durable but the connector on the battery itself is not. When unplugging the battery, take extra precaution to NOT pull the connector using the wires, but instead hold the plug at its base to avoid putting stress on the wires. This can be tricky with bare hands - nose pliers are your friend here. The micro B USB connector on the electron is soldered on the PCB with large surface pads as well as couple of through hole anchor points. Despite this reinforcement, it is very easy to rip out the connector if too much stress is put on in the vertical direction. The u.FL antenna connector is a very fragile piece of hardware ( and is fancy too with all the gold plating). The connector was not designed to be constantly plugged and unplugged. Care must be taken not to put stress on it at any time (yes, swinging the Electron by the antenna is a very bad idea, this is not your cat). The antenna pin is also the most static sensitive and you can destroy the radio with improper handling. If you are feeling adventurous, we highly recommend putting a tiny dab of glue (epoxy, rubber cement, liquid tape or hot glue) on the connector to securely hold the plug in place. BREADBOARDING The breadboard provided with the Electron is specifically designed to require low insertion force. This makes it easy to plug the Electron in and out of the breadboard. If you end up using a different breadboard, remember that it may require more force. In this case, always remember to pinch-hold your precious Electron by the sides (along the header pins) when plugging-unplugging and not by the USB connector (don't be this person). Default settings The Electron comes pre-programmed with a bootloader and a user application called Tinker. This application works with an iOS and Android app also named Tinker that allows you to very easily toggle digital pins, take analog and digital readings and drive variable PWM outputs. The bootloader allows you to easily update the user application via several different methods, USB, OTA, Serial Y-Modem, and also internally via the Factory Reset procedure. All of these methods have multiple tools associated with them as well. You may use the online Web IDE Particle Build to code, compile and flash a user application OTA (Over The Air). Particle Dev is a local tool that uses the Cloud to compile and flash OTA as well. There is also a package Spark DFU-UTIL for Particle Dev that allows for Cloud compiling and local flashing via DFU over USB. This requires dfu-util to be installed on your system. 'dfu-util' can also be used with Particle CLI for Cloud compiling and local flashing via the command line. Finally the lowest level of development is available via the GNU GCC tool chain for ARM, which offers local compile and flash via dfu-util. This gives the user complete control of all source code and flashing methods. This is an extensive list, however not exhaustive. Glossary Term Definition SMPS Switch Mode Power Supply SIM Subscriber Identity Module (Size: Nano 4FF) RF Radio Frequency SMT Surface Mount Technology (often associated with SMD which is a surface mount device). LED Light Emitting Diode RGB LED Red green and blue LEDs combined and diffused in one package. USB Universal Serial Bus Quiescent current Current consumed in the deepest sleep state. FT Five-tolerant; Refers to a pin being tolerant to 5V. 3V3 +3.3Volt; The regulated +3.3V supply rail. Also used to note a pin is only 3.3V tolerant. PMIC Power Management Integrated Circuit LiPo Lithium-ion Polymer Battery GSM Global System for Mobile Communications CDMA Code Division Multiple Access OTA Over The Air; describing how firmware is transferred to the device. uC Microcontroller FCC IC CE Warnings and End Product Labeling Requirements Federal Communication Commission Interference StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures: Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This transmitter module must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. This End equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body. IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can not be met (for example certain laptop configurations or colocation with another transmitter), then the FCC authorization is no longer considered valid and the FCC ID can not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsible for re-evaluating the end product (including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC authorization. End Product Labeling The final end product must be labeled in a visible area with the following: Contains FCC ID: XPYSARAG350 (For 2G Electron using the G350 module) XPYSARAU260 (For 3G Electron using the U260 module) XPYSARAU270 (For 3G Electron using the U270 module) Manual Information to the End User The OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end user regarding how to install or remove this RF module in the user's manual of the end product which integrates this module. Canada Statement This device complies with Industry Canada's licence-exempt RSSs. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause interference; and 2. This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device. Le present appareil est conforme aux CNR d'Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence. L'exploitation est autorisee aux deux conditions suivantes: 1. l'appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage; 2. l'utilisateur de l'appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioelectrique subi, meme si le brouillage est susceptible d'en compromettre le fonctionnement. Caution Exposure: This device meets the exemption from the routine evaluation limits in section 2.5 of RSS102 and users can obtain Canadian information on RF exposure and compliance. Le dispositif repond a l'exemption des limites d'evaluation de routine dans la section 2.5 de RSS102 et les utilisateurs peuvent obtenir des renseignements canadiens sur l'exposition aux RF et le respect. The final end product must be labelled in a visible area with the following: The Industry Canada certification label of a module shall be clearly visible at all times when installed in the host device, otherwise the host device must be labelled to display the Industry Canada certification number of the module, preceded by the words "Contains transmitter module", or the word "Contains", or similar wording expressing the same meaning, as follows: Contains transmitter module IC: 8595A-SARAG350 (For 2G Electron using the G350 module) 8595A-SARAU260 (For 3G Electron using the U260 module) 8595A-SARAU270 (For 3G Electron using the U270 module) This End equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body. Cet equipement devrait etre installe et actionne avec une distance minimum de 20 centimetres entre le radiateur et votre corps. The end user manual shall include all required regulatory information/warning as shown in this manual. For an in-depth review on certifications, please click here. Revision history Revision Date Author Comments v001 20Jan2016 MB Initial release v002 24March2016 MB Added: Memory map, DAC limits, SIM card size, SWD pin locations. Updated: Power section, pin diagram, block diagram, operating conditions. v003 12- BW Error in Cellular off operating current, changed from 2-15mA to 47-50mA. Also qualified these current readings with v003 12Sept2016 BW Error in Cellular off operating current, changed from 2-15mA to 47-50mA. Also qualified these current readings with uC on/off. Updated the Pin Description section. Updated Mating connectors section. v004 27Oct2016 BW Replaced one STM32F205RGY6 with STM32F205RGT6, and replaced all STM32 mentions with full part number STM32F205RGT6 v005 14Aug2017 BW Updated DCD layout and Memory Map, renamed SPI1*/SPI3* to match Particle API instead of STM32 pin names to avoid confusion (now SPI, SPI1 and SPI2), updated the Pin Description section and added high resolution pinout PDF, updated LED Status section, VBAT info, added Power the Electron without a battery section Known Errata We are tracking known errata with this datasheet here. These issues/errors in the datasheet will be resolved in subsequent revisions. Contact Web https://www.particle.io Community Forums https://community.particle.io Email https://support.particle.io