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FL77944 Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver Features Description The simplest Direct AC LED Driver with Only Two External RC Passive Component Wide AC Input Range: 90~305 VAC The FL77944 is a direct AC line LED driver with a minimal number of external RC passive components. In normal configuration, one resistor is to adjust LED power, and one capacitor is to provide a stable voltage to an internal biasing shunt regulator. TRIAC Dimmable (Leading/Trailing Edge) Low Harmonic Content (THD under 20% typically) Four Integrated High-Voltage LED Constant Current Sinks of up to 150 mA (RMS) Capability Rheostat Dimmable Analog/Digital PWM Dimming Function High Power Factor (above 0.98 typically) Adjustable LED Power with an External Current Sense Resistor SOIC-16 EP Package Flexible LED Forward Voltage Configuration The FL77944 provides phase-cut dimming with wide dimming range, smooth dimming control and good dimmer compatibility. It achieves high efficiency with high PF and low THD, which makes the FL77944 suitable for high-efficiency LED lighting systems. The FL77944 has a dedicated DIM pin which can be used with analog or digital PWM dimming. The FL77944 can also be used with a rheostat dimmer switch which is suitable for desktop or indoor lamps. Operation of FL77944 admits driving higher-wattage systems, such as street lights and down lights, by simply parallel connecting the driver ICs. Power Scalability with Multiple Driver ICs Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) Applications General LED Driving Solution for Residential, Commercial and Industrial Lighting Ordering Information Part Number Operating Temperature Range FL77944MX -40 to 125C (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944 * Rev. 1.2 Package 16-Lead, Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC) Exposed Dap 150" Narrow Body Packing Method 2,500 per Reel www.fairchildsemi.com FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver July 2016 Down-light 12W LED Driver using 1.3W high VF LEDs 2K VDD Fuse M.O.V MODE FL77944 VIN Bridge Rectifier LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 CS GND DIM CVDD 0.1uF, 50V RCS 1% 120 VAC VF=35V@42mA LEDs(Each group's VF can be flexible as long as total series VF Is 130~140V) GND Figure 1. 12 W at 120 VAC LED Down-Light Application 4ft tube-type 22W LED Driver using 288x0.06W LEDs 2K 0.06W 18X5 Fuse VDD M.O.V MODE LED1 0.06W 18X4 LED2 LED3 0.06W 18X4 LED4 CS GND DIM CVDD 0.1uF, 50V RCS 1% 220 VAC FL77944 VIN Bridge Rectifier 0.06W 18X3 Total 288 LEDs FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver Typical Applications GND Figure 2. (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944* Rev. 1.2 22 W at 220 VAC LED Tube-Type Application www.fairchildsemi.com 2 VIN 1 16 MODE NC 2 15 VDD LED1 3 14 GND NC 4 13 NC LED2 5 12 LED4 NC 6 11 DIM LED3 7 10 CS NC 8 9 Figure 3. Thermal Characteristics SOIC-16 EP (Top View) (1) (2) Component FL77944MX GND Package 16-Pin Small-Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC-EP) JA (1S PCB) JA (2S2P PCB) Unit 102 24 C/W Notes: 1. JA: Thermal resistance between junction and ambient, dependent on the PCB design, heat sinking, and airflow. The value given is for natural convection with no heatsink using the 1S and 2S2P board, as specified in JEDEC standards JESD51-2, JESD51-5, and JESD51-7, as appropriate. 2. Junction-to-air thermal resistance is highly dependent on application and PCB layout. In application where the device dissipates high levels of power during operation, special care of thermal dissipation issues in PCB design must be taken. Pin Definitions Pin# Name Description 1 VIN 3 LED1 5 LED2 7 LED3 12 LED4 9, 14 GND 10 CS LED Current Sensing Pin. Limits the LED current depending on voltage across sensing resistor. The CS pin is used to set the LED current regulation target. 11 DIM Dimming Signal Input Pin. When MODE pin is tied to GND, this pin is used to further adjust LED current, based on given RCS value. Apply 0 V to 5 V as the DIM signal. Both analog and digital PWM signal can be used. 15 VDD Internal Biasing Shunt regulator Output. Voltage on this pin supplies internal circuitry of FL77944. A 17-V shunt regulator is internally connected to this pin. A bypassing capacitor is recommended to be added to reduce noise from VIN. 16 MODE Mode Pin. Connect this pin to VDD to disable DIM pin. Connect this pin to GND to enable DIM-pin functionality. 0 EP Exposed Thermal Pad. EP is not tied to GND inside the IC. It is recommended to tie it to GND externally. Rectified AC Input Voltage. Connect this pin to rectified AC voltage after a bridge rectifier. LED String Cathodes. Connect cathode(s) of each LED group to these pins. Ground Reference Pin. Tie this pin directly to local ground plane. This ground should not be tied to earth ground because it is not isolated from AC mains. (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944 * Rev. 1.2 www.fairchildsemi.com 3 FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver Pin Configuration VIN 1 Shunt Regulator VDD 15 LED Current Modulator DIM 11 OverTemperature Protection LED Current Feedback 3 LED1 5 LED2 7 LED3 12 LED4 MODE 16 9 14 10 GND GND CS Figure 4. (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944 * Rev. 1.2 Simplified Block Diagram www.fairchildsemi.com 4 FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver Block Diagram Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. Symbol Min. Max. Unit VIN Voltage -0.3 500.0 V VLED1 LED1 Pin Voltage -0.3 500.0 V VLED2 LED2 Pin Voltage -0.3 500.0 V VLED3 LED3 Pin Voltage -0.3 500.0 V VLED4 LED4 Pin Voltage -0.3 200.0 V VCS CS Pin Voltage -0.3 6.0 V VDIM DIM Pin Voltage -0.3 6.0 V TJ Junction Temperature -55 +150 C TSTG Storage Temperature -65 +150 C ILED1 LED1 Current 80 mA ILED2 LED2 Current 160 mA ILED3 LED3 Current 160 mA ILED4 LED4 Current 240 mA VIN Parameter Notes: 3. Stress beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. 4. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to the GND pin. 5. Human Body Model, ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2012: 0.9 kV at Pins 1, 3, 5, 7; 0.4 kV at Pin 12; 1.0 kV at Pins 10, 11, 15, 16. 6. Charged Device Model, JESD22-C101: 1.0 kV at all pins. Recommended Operating Conditions The Recommended Operating Conditions table defines the conditions for actual device operation. Recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. Fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to Absolute Maximum Ratings. Symbol Tj Parameter Operating Junction Temperature (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944 * Rev. 1.2 Min. Max. Unit -40 +125 C www.fairchildsemi.com 5 FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver Absolute Maximum Ratings Unless otherwise noted, RCS = 10 (1%), TA = 25C. Currents are defined as positive into the device and negative out of the device. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit VIN Supply IQUIES.VIN VIN Quiescent Current VIN = 20 to 500 V 1.2 1.5 mA VDD Voltage VIN = 20.0 V 15.5 16.8 18 V ILED1 LED1 Current VIN = 20.0 V, VLED1 = 20.0 V 9.0 16.9 21.0 mA ILED2 LED2 Current VIN = 20.0 V, VLED2 = 20.0 V 31.0 36.1 41.2 mA ILED3 LED3 Current VIN = 20.0 V, VLED3 = 35.0 V 77.0 82.8 88.6 mA ILED4 LED4 Current VIN = 20.0 V, VLED4 = 20.0 V 85.7 91.7 97.7 mA VDD Output VDD LED Current Over-Temperature Protection TOTP OTP Temperature (7) 170 C Leakage Current ILED1-LK LED1 Leakage Current VLED1 = 500 V, VIN = 0 V 1 A ILED2-LK LED2 Leakage Current VLED2 = 500 V, VIN = 0 V 1 A ILED3-LK LED3 Leakage Current VLED3 = 500 V, VIN = 0 V 1 A ILED4-LK LED4 Leakage Current VLED4 = 200 V, VIN = 0 V 1 A Note: 7. Not tested in production. Internal over-temperature protection circuitry protects the device from permanent damage. LEDs shut down at the junction temperature of TJ=170C (typical). (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944 * Rev. 1.2 www.fairchildsemi.com 6 FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver Electrical Characteristics 1.1 1.03 Normalized to 25 C 1.02 Normalized to 25 C 1.05 1.01 1 1 0.99 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.9 -40 -20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 -40 -20 0 25 Figure 5. IQUIES.VIN vs. Temperature Figure 6. 1.005 1.005 Normalized to 25 C 1.01 Normalized to 25 C 1.01 1 0.995 60 80 100 120 140 VDD vs. Temperature 1 0.995 0.99 -40 -20 0 25 40 60 80 0.99 100 120 140 -40 -20 Temperature (C) Figure 7. ILED1 vs. Temperature Figure 8. 1.01 1.01 1.005 1.005 1 0.995 0.99 -40 -20 0 25 40 60 80 40 60 80 100 120 140 ILED2 vs. Temperature 1 0.995 -40 -20 0 25 40 60 80 100 120 140 Temperature (C) ILED3 vs. Temperature (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944 * Rev. 1.2 25 0.99 100 120 140 Temperature (C) Figure 9. 0 Temperature (C) Normalized to 25 C Normalized to 25 C 40 Temperature (C) Temperature (C) Figure 10. ILED4 vs. Temperature www.fairchildsemi.com 7 FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver Typical Performance Characteristics The FL77944 can drive LED strings attached directly to the rectified AC mains using only two external RC components (RCS and CVDD). With 4 integrated high voltage current sink, LED current in each string is precisely controlled with system compactness. High PF and low THD are obtained by the optimized current sink levels. Phase-cut dimming is easily obtained with wide dimming range and good dimmer compatibility. Dedicated DIM pin can be used to implement analog or digital dimming function. Flicker index in the direct AC drive topology can be improved by adopting proprietary self valley-fill solution. This smooth current transition reduces frequency harmonic contents and improves power factor as well as Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) characteristics. By fully utilizing available headroom, the FL77944 offers maximum power, high efficiency, power factor and low harmonic distortion. Typically, power factor is higher than 0.98 and THD is lower than 20%. The efficiency heavily depends on a LED configuration. LED Current and Power Setting The LED current is managed by an external current sense resistor RCS. Regulation target of each channel's current sink is calculated as follows. Operation When the rectified AC line voltage, V IN, is higher than the forward voltage of the consecutive LED groups, each LED group turns on automatically as the corresponding current sink has enough voltage headroom across it. Each current sink increases up to the predefined current level and maintains that level until the following channel's current sink get enough voltage headroom across it. ILED4 ILED3 VF1'''+VF2''+VF3'+VF4 VF1''+VF2'+VF3 ILED2 VF1'+VF2 ILED1 VF1 tD1 tD2 * * * tD3 tD4 tD3 RCS tD2 tD1 (1) 0.92 VAC .RMS 1.4 PIN (2) The actual RCS needs to be adjusted with respect to the LED configuration. LED Configuration In the LED configuration, it is required to increase the total LED forward voltage to improve efficiency. For example, compared to using 4 LEDs with VF of 60 V (total VF = 60 V x 4 channels = 240 V) for each LED group, using 4 LEDs with VF equal to 65 V (total VF = 65 V x 4 channels = 260 V) will improve the efficiency simply due to the higher total VF. Each LED channel can have different VF. For example, if a design is implemented with 144 pieces of 3-V LEDs for replacement of 2-feet fluorescent lamp, designer can assign flexible numbers of LEDs for LED channels such as 25s2p-32s2p-6s2p-18s1p ("s" stands for LEDs in series and "p" stands for LEDs in parallel) or 18s2p18s2p-18s2p-36s1p. FL77944 Operation When VIN reaches to the forward voltage across the 1st LED group (VF1) at forward current IF = ILED1, the current drawn from the VIN is directed to the LED1 through the 1st LED group. In sequence, when V IN reaches forward voltage across 1st and 2nd LED groups (VF1'+VF2) at IF = ILED2, the current is directed to LED2 across 1st and 2nd LED groups. Then, when V IN reaches VF1''+VF2'+VF3 at IF=ILED3, the LED current goes through 1st, 2nd, and 3rd LED groups and sinks to the LED3. Finally, when V IN reaches VF1'''+VF2''+VF3'+VF4 at IF=ILED4, the current goes through all 4 LED groups and is directed to the LED4. Which needs to be considered is that VF of first LED group should be higher than VIN-pin turn-on voltage, which is 20 V. If the VF of the first LED group is configured to be lower than VIN-pin turn-on voltage, ILED1 will not have the correct regulation level when input voltage, VIN, is just exceeds the VF. Whenever the active channel (one that is sinking LED current) is changed from one channel to the adjacent channel with respect to the change in the VIN, the new active channel's current increases gradually while the existing active channel's current decreases gradually. (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944 * Rev. 1.2 0.83 0.92 , and I LED 4 . RCS RCS Root-mean-square (RMS) value of the input current can be calculated using the peak regulated current, I LED4, and crest factor. Since the LED current waveform is similar to the AC line voltage, the crest factor is close to the crest factor of a sine wave, 2=1.414. But the actual crest factor depends on the flattened time of the I LED4 and LED configuration. With FL77944, the typical crest factor approximately is 1.4. Thus, based on estimated input power, PIN, the RCS resistor value can be calculated as follows. tD1: Current is directed to LED1 pin through 1st LED group. tD2: Current is directed to LED2 pin through 1st and 2nd LED groups. tD3: Current is directed to LED3 pin through 1st, 2nd, and 3rd LED groups. tD4: Current is directed to LED4 pin through 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th LED groups. VF1/VF1'/VF1''/VF1''': Forward voltage at forward current of ILED1/ILED2/ILED3/ILED4 in 1st LED group. VF2/VF2'/VF2'': Forward voltage at forward current of ILED2/ILED3/ILED4 in 2nd LED group. VF3/VF3': Forward voltage at forward current of ILED3/ILED4 in 3rd LED group. VF4: Forward voltage at forward current of ILED4 in 4th LED group. Figure 11. 0.18 0.37 , I LED 2 , RCS RCS I LED 3 AC Line Voltage (VIN) LED Current (IF) * * * * * I LED1 www.fairchildsemi.com 8 FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver Functional Description IF1 VIN } } Internal Shunt Regulator Output, VDD } 1st LED group } 2nd LED group } 3rd LED group } 4th LED group LED2 IF2 } IF3 } IF4 } MODE LED1 } VDD FL77944 VIN The system implemented with FL77944 does not require a bulk capacitor after bridge-rectification diodes. As a result, the VDD, which supplies biasing voltage for the FL77944, has voltage ripple like the rectification voltage after the bridge diodes as shown in Figure 12. P2 S2 LED3 LED4 CVDD CS GND DIM } + VDIM - RCS VIN P3 S3 GND } S4 P4 * S1, S2, S3, S4: Number of LEDs in series each LED group * P1, P2, P3, P4: Number of LEDs in parallel each LED group VDD Figure 13. Analog or PWM dimming Application To enable dimming mode, the MODE pin should be tied to GND. The LED channel sink and total RMS current through LEDs will be linearly adjusted with the VDIM level as shown Figure 14 and Figure 15. VDD valley Figure 12. P1 S1 VDD Ripple without CVDD LED Channel Sink Current vs. VDIM The VDD ripple can be reduced by a bypassing capacitor, CVDD. If the CVDD is not used, or its value is small, the VDD voltage fluctuates and goes even down to 0 V. It makes the FL77944 reset, but the FL77944 automatically restarts every cycle when the AC line voltage reaches a certain level. For a much stable operation, to implement CVDD is preferred. The recommended CVDD value is 1 F with 50 V of voltage rating. 0.1 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 ILED[A] ILED1 0.05 ILED2 0.04 Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) 0.03 ILED3 0.02 ILED4 0.01 0 The FL77944 is with over temperature protection (OTP) inherently. When the driver's junction temperature exceeds a specified threshold temperature (TJ = 170C), the driver will shut down automatically and then recover automatically once the temperature drops lower enough than the internal threshold temperature. Without this protection, the lifetime of the FL77944 can be reduced and irreparable damage can occur when it operates above its maximum junction temperature (150C). Good thermal management is required to achieve best performance and long life span of the FL77944. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 VDIM[V] 3.5 4 4.5 5 Figure 14. Measured LED Channel Sink Current vs. VDIM (RCS = 10 ) RMS LED Current vs. VDIM 80 ILEDRMS[mA] 70 Analog/PWM Dimming Function The FL77944 uses the DIM pin for analog, 0 V to 10 V, or pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming by applying a voltage signal between 0 to 5 V or PWM signals with 5V peaks to the DIM pin. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 VDIM[V] Figure 15. Current vs. VDIM (Simulation results: RCS=10 / VAC = 120 V) (c) 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FL77944 * Rev. 1.2 www.fairchildsemi.com 9 FL77944 -- Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver A good starting point for choosing a LED configuration is to have about 260 V~280 V of the total VF for 220 VAC mains and 130 V~140 V of the total VF for 120 VAC. 10.10 9.70 A 16 9 4.10 3.70 PIN #1 5.08 B 6.20 5.80 1 1.27 0.51 0.31 3.85 1.27 8.89 LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION 0.50 0.25 0.70 0.60 B C 0.25 0.05 FRONT VIEW 1 7.35 2.50 1.75 0.25 M C B A 1.75 MAX 0.50 8 TOP VIEW 1.50 1.25 0.65 4.72 3.86 1.05 0.90 0.50 0.25 DETAIL B SCALE 2:1 8 9 BOTTOM VIEW 0.26 0.10 SIDE VIEW 2.56 1.68 16 0.10 C 8 0 NOTES: A. NO INDUSTRY STANDARD APPLIES TO THIS PACKAGE B. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS C. DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD 0.40 FLASH OR BURRS D. DRAWING FILENAME: MKT-M16Hrev2 ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of ON Semiconductor's product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent-Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. ON Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does ON Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. 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