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Please note: As part of the Fairchild Semiconductor integration, some of the Fairchild orderable part numbers
will need to change in order to meet ON Semiconductor’s system requirements. Since the ON Semiconductor
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July 2016
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944 • Rev. 1.2
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
FL77944
Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED
Direct AC Driver
Features
The simplest Direct AC LED Driver with Only Two
External RC Passive Component
Wide AC Input Range: 90~305 VAC
Four Integrated High-Voltage LED Constant
Current Sinks of up to 150 mA (RMS) Capability
TRIAC Dimmable (Leading/Trailing Edge)
Rheostat Dimmable
Analog/Digital PWM Dimming Function
High Power Factor (above 0.98 typically)
Adjustable LED Power with an External Current
Sense Resistor
Low Harmonic Content (THD under 20% typically)
SOIC-16 EP Package
Flexible LED Forward Voltage Configuration
Power Scalability with Multiple Driver ICs
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP)
Applications
General LED Driving Solution for Residential,
Commercial and Industrial Lighting
Description
The FL77944 is a direct AC line LED driver with a
minimal number of external RC passive components. In
normal configuration, one resistor is to adjust LED
power, and one capacitor is to provide a stable voltage
to an internal biasing shunt regulator.
The FL77944 provides phase-cut dimming with wide
dimming range, smooth dimming control and good
dimmer compatibility. It achieves high efficiency with
high PF and low THD, which makes the FL77944
suitable for high-efficiency LED lighting systems. The
FL77944 has a dedicated DIM pin which can be used
with analog or digital PWM dimming. The FL77944 can
also be used with a rheostat dimmer switch which is
suitable for desktop or indoor lamps.
Operation of FL77944 admits driving higher-wattage
systems, such as street lights and down lights, by
simply parallel connecting the driver ICs.
Ordering Information
Part Number
Operating
Temperature Range
Package
Packing
Method
FL77944MX
-40 to 125°C
16-Lead, Small Outline Integrated Circuit
(SOIC) Exposed Dap 150” Narrow Body
2,500 per Reel
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944• Rev. 1.2 2
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
Typical Applications
Figure 1. 12 W at 120 VAC LED Down-Light Application
Fuse
M.O.V
Bridge
Rectifier
VIN
VDD
CS GND
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
FL77944
CVDD
0.1uF, 50V
RCS
1%
MODE
220 VAC
DIM
4ft tube-type 22W LED Driver using
288x0.06W LEDs
Total 288 LEDs
GND
0.06W 18X5
0.06W 18X4
0.06W 18X4
0.06W 18X3
2K
Figure 2. 22 W at 220 VAC LED Tube-Type Application
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944 • Rev. 1.2 3
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
Pin Configuration
NC
LED1 GND
MODEVIN
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
LED2
NC
LED3
NC
LED4
DIM
CS
GND
NC
VDD
Figure 3. SOIC-16 EP (Top View)
Thermal Characteristics (1) (2)
Component
Package
JA
(1S PCB)
JA
(2S2P PCB)
Unit
FL77944MX
16-Pin Small-Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC-EP)
102
24
°C/W
Notes:
1. ΘJA: Thermal resistance between junction and ambient, dependent on the PCB design, heat sinking, and airflow.
The value given is for natural convection with no heatsink using the 1S and 2S2P board, as specified in JEDEC
standards JESD51-2, JESD51-5, and JESD51-7, as appropriate.
2. Junction-to-air thermal resistance is highly dependent on application and PCB layout. In application where the
device dissipates high levels of power during operation, special care of thermal dissipation issues in PCB design
must be taken.
Pin Definitions
Pin#
Name
Description
1
VIN
Rectified AC Input Voltage. Connect this pin to rectified AC voltage after a bridge rectifier.
3
LED1
LED String Cathodes. Connect cathode(s) of each LED group to these pins.
5
LED2
7
LED3
12
LED4
9, 14
GND
Ground Reference Pin. Tie this pin directly to local ground plane. This ground should not be
tied to earth ground because it is not isolated from AC mains.
10
CS
LED Current Sensing Pin. Limits the LED current depending on voltage across sensing
resistor. The CS pin is used to set the LED current regulation target.
11
DIM
Dimming Signal Input Pin. When MODE pin is tied to GND, this pin is used to further adjust
LED current, based on given RCS value. Apply 0 V to 5 V as the DIM signal. Both analog and
digital PWM signal can be used.
15
VDD
Internal Biasing Shunt regulator Output. Voltage on this pin supplies internal circuitry of
FL77944. A 17-V shunt regulator is internally connected to this pin. A bypassing capacitor is
recommended to be added to reduce noise from VIN.
16
MODE
Mode Pin. Connect this pin to VDD to disable DIM pin. Connect this pin to GND to enable
DIM-pin functionality.
0
EP
Exposed Thermal Pad. EP is not tied to GND inside the IC. It is recommended to tie it to
GND externally.
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944 • Rev. 1.2 4
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
Block Diagram
VIN
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
3
5
7
12
10
Shunt
Regulator
LED Current
Modulator
15
VDD
9
GND CS
1
14
11
DIM
MODE
GND
16
LED
Current
Feedback
Over-
Temperature
Protection
Figure 4. Simplified Block Diagram
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944 • Rev. 1.2 5
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be
operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended.
In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability.
The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only.
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Unit
VIN
VIN Voltage
-0.3
500.0
V
VLED1
LED1 Pin Voltage
-0.3
500.0
V
VLED2
LED2 Pin Voltage
-0.3
500.0
V
VLED3
LED3 Pin Voltage
-0.3
500.0
V
VLED4
LED4 Pin Voltage
-0.3
200.0
V
VCS
CS Pin Voltage
-0.3
6.0
V
VDIM
DIM Pin Voltage
-0.3
6.0
V
TJ
Junction Temperature
-55
+150
ºC
TSTG
Storage Temperature
-65
+150
ºC
ILED1
LED1 Current
80
mA
ILED2
LED2 Current
160
mA
ILED3
LED3 Current
160
mA
ILED4
LED4 Current
240
mA
Notes:
3. Stress beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device.
4. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to the GND pin.
5. Human Body Model, ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2012: 0.9 kV at Pins 1, 3, 5, 7; 0.4 kV at Pin 12; 1.0 kV at Pins
10, 11, 15, 16.
6. Charged Device Model, JESD22-C101: 1.0 kV at all pins.
Recommended Operating Conditions
The Recommended Operating Conditions table defines the conditions for actual device operation. Recommended
operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. Fairchild does not
recommend exceeding them or designing to Absolute Maximum Ratings.
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Max.
Unit
Tj
Operating Junction Temperature
-40
+125
°C
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944 • Rev. 1.2 6
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted, RCS = 10 Ω (1%), TA = 25°C. Currents are defined as positive into the device and negative
out of the device.
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
VIN Supply
IQUIES.VIN
VIN Quiescent Current
VIN = 20 to 500 V
1.2
1.5
mA
VDD Output
VDD
VDD Voltage
VIN = 20.0 V
15.5
16.8
18
V
LED Current
ILED1
LED1 Current
VIN = 20.0 V, VLED1 = 20.0 V
9.0
16.9
21.0
mA
ILED2
LED2 Current
VIN = 20.0 V, VLED2 = 20.0 V
31.0
36.1
41.2
mA
ILED3
LED3 Current
VIN = 20.0 V, VLED3 = 35.0 V
77.0
82.8
88.6
mA
ILED4
LED4 Current
VIN = 20.0 V, VLED4 = 20.0 V
85.7
91.7
97.7
mA
Over-Temperature Protection
TOTP
OTP Temperature(7)
170
°C
Leakage Current
ILED1-LK
LED1 Leakage Current
VLED1 = 500 V, VIN = 0 V
1
µA
ILED2-LK
LED2 Leakage Current
VLED2 = 500 V, VIN = 0 V
1
µA
ILED3-LK
LED3 Leakage Current
VLED3 = 500 V, VIN = 0 V
1
µA
ILED4-LK
LED4 Leakage Current
VLED4 = 200 V, VIN = 0 V
1
µA
Note:
7. Not tested in production. Internal over-temperature protection circuitry protects the device from permanent
damage. LEDs shut down at the junction temperature of TJ=170°C (typical).
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944 • Rev. 1.2 7
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
Typical Performance Characteristics
Figure 5. IQUIES.VIN vs. Temperature
Figure 6. VDD vs. Temperature
Figure 7. ILED1 vs. Temperature
Figure 8. ILED2 vs. Temperature
Figure 9. ILED3 vs. Temperature
Figure 10. ILED4 vs. Temperature
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
-40
-20
0
25
40
60
80
100
120
140
Normalized to 25 °C
Temperature (ºC)
0.97
0.98
0.99
1
1.01
1.02
1.03
-40
-20
0
25
40
60
80
100
120
140
Normalized to 25 °C
Temperature (ºC)
0.99
0.995
1
1.005
1.01
-40
-20
0
25
40
60
80
100
120
140
Normalized to 25 °C
Temperature (ºC)
0.99
0.995
1
1.005
1.01
-40
-20
0
25
40
60
80
100
120
140
Normalized to 25 °C
Temperature (ºC)
0.99
0.995
1
1.005
1.01
-40
-20
0
25
40
60
80
100
120
140
Normalized to 25 °C
Temperature (ºC)
0.99
0.995
1
1.005
1.01
-40
-20
0
25
40
60
80
100
120
140
Normalized to 25 °C
Temperature (ºC)
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944 • Rev. 1.2 8
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
Functional Description
The FL77944 can drive LED strings attached directly to
the rectified AC mains using only two external RC
components (RCS and CVDD). With 4 integrated high
voltage current sink, LED current in each string is
precisely controlled with system compactness. High PF
and low THD are obtained by the optimized current sink
levels. Phase-cut dimming is easily obtained with wide
dimming range and good dimmer compatibility.
Dedicated DIM pin can be used to implement analog or
digital dimming function. Flicker index in the direct AC
drive topology can be improved by adopting proprietary
self valley-fill solution.
Operation
When the rectified AC line voltage, VIN, is higher than
the forward voltage of the consecutive LED groups,
each LED group turns on automatically as the
corresponding current sink has enough voltage
headroom across it. Each current sink increases up to
the predefined current level and maintains that level
until the following channel’s current sink get enough
voltage headroom across it.
AC Line
Voltage (VIN)
LED Current
(IF)
ILED1
ILED2
ILED3
ILED4
tD1 tD2 tD3 tD4 tD3 tD2 tD1
VF1
VF1'+VF2
VF1''+VF2'+VF3
VF1'''+VF2''+VF3'+VF4
· tD1: Current is directed to LED1 pin through 1st LED group.
· tD2: Current is directed to LED2 pin through 1st and 2nd LED groups.
· tD3: Current is directed to LED3 pin through 1st, 2nd, and 3rd LED groups.
· tD4: Current is directed to LED4 pin through 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th LED groups.
· VF1/VF1'/VF1''/VF1''': Forward voltage at forward current of ILED1/ILED2/ILED3/ILED4
in 1st LED group.
· VF2/VF2'/VF2'': Forward voltage at forward current of ILED2/ILED3/ILED4 in 2nd LED
group.
· VF3/VF3': Forward voltage at forward current of ILED3/ILED4 in 3rd LED group.
· VF4: Forward voltage at forward current of ILED4 in 4th LED group.
Figure 11. FL77944 Operation
When VIN reaches to the forward voltage across the
1st LED group (VF1) at forward current IF = ILED1, the
current drawn from the VIN is directed to the LED1
through the 1st LED group. In sequence, when VIN
reaches forward voltage across 1st and 2nd LED
groups (VF1'+VF2) at IF = ILED2, the current is directed to
LED2 across 1st and 2nd LED groups. Then, when VIN
reaches VF1''+VF2'+VF3 at IF=ILED3, the LED current
goes through 1st, 2nd, and 3rd LED groups and sinks
to the LED3. Finally, when VIN reaches
VF1'''+VF2''+VF3'+VF4 at IF=ILED4, the current goes
through all 4 LED groups and is directed to the LED4.
Whenever the active channel (one that is sinking LED
current) is changed from one channel to the adjacent
channel with respect to the change in the VIN, the new
active channel's current increases gradually while the
existing active channel's current decreases gradually.
This smooth current transition reduces frequency
harmonic contents and improves power factor as well as
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) characteristics.
By fully utilizing available headroom, the FL77944 offers
maximum power, high efficiency, power factor and low
harmonic distortion. Typically, power factor is higher
than 0.98 and THD is lower than 20%. The efficiency
heavily depends on a LED configuration.
LED Current and Power Setting
The LED current is managed by an external current
sense resistor RCS. Regulation target of each channel's
current sink is calculated as follows.
,
37.0
,
18.0 21 CS
LED
CS
LED R
I
R
I
.
92.0
and ,
83.0 43 CS
LED
CS
LED R
I
R
I
(1)
Root-mean-square (RMS) value of the input current can
be calculated using the peak regulated current, ILED4,
and crest factor. Since the LED current waveform is
similar to the AC line voltage, the crest factor is close to
the crest factor of a sine wave, √2=1.414. But the actual
crest factor depends on the flattened time of the ILED4
and LED configuration. With FL77944, the typical crest
factor approximately is 1.4. Thus, based on estimated
input power, PIN, the RCS resistor value can be
calculated as follows.
IN
RMSAC
CS P
V
R
4.1
92.0 .
(2)
The actual RCS needs to be adjusted with respect to the
LED configuration.
LED Configuration
In the LED configuration, it is required to increase the
total LED forward voltage to improve efficiency. For
example, compared to using 4 LEDs with VF of 60 V
(total VF = 60 V x 4 channels = 240 V) for each LED
group, using 4 LEDs with VF equal to 65 V (total VF =
65 V x 4 channels = 260 V) will improve the efficiency
simply due to the higher total VF. Each LED channel can
have different VF. For example, if a design is
implemented with 144 pieces of 3-V LEDs for
replacement of 2-feet fluorescent lamp, designer can
assign flexible numbers of LEDs for LED channels such
as 25s2p-32s2p-6s2p-18s1p (“s” stands for LEDs in
series and “p” stands for LEDs in parallel) or 18s2p-
18s2p-18s2p-36s1p.
Which needs to be considered is that VF of first LED
group should be higher than VIN-pin turn-on voltage,
which is 20 V. If the VF of the first LED group is
configured to be lower than VIN-pin turn-on voltage,
ILED1 will not have the correct regulation level when input
voltage, VIN, is just exceeds the VF.
© 2016 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com
FL77944 • Rev. 1.2 9
FL77944 — Analog/PWM/Phase-cut Dimmable High Power LED Direct AC Driver
A good starting point for choosing a LED configuration is
to have about 260 V~280 V of the total VF for 220 VAC
mains and 130 V~140 V of the total VF for 120 VAC.
Internal Shunt Regulator Output, VDD
The system implemented with FL77944 does not require
a bulk capacitor after bridge-rectification diodes. As a
result, the VDD, which supplies biasing voltage for the
FL77944, has voltage ripple like the rectification voltage
after the bridge diodes as shown in Figure 12.
VIN
VDD
VDD valley
Figure 12. VDD Ripple without CVDD
The VDD ripple can be reduced by a bypassing
capacitor, CVDD. If the CVDD is not used, or its value is
small, the VDD voltage fluctuates and goes even down to
0 V. It makes the FL77944 reset, but the FL77944
automatically restarts every cycle when the AC line
voltage reaches a certain level. For a much stable
operation, to implement CVDD is preferred. The
recommended CVDD value is 1 µF with 50 V of voltage
rating.
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP)
The FL77944 is with over temperature protection (OTP)
inherently. When the driver's junction temperature
exceeds a specified threshold temperature (TJ = 170°C),
the driver will shut down automatically and then recover
automatically once the temperature drops lower enough
than the internal threshold temperature. Without this
protection, the lifetime of the FL77944 can be reduced
and irreparable damage can occur when it operates
above its maximum junction temperature (150°C). Good
thermal management is required to achieve best
performance and long life span of the FL77944.
Analog/PWM Dimming Function
The FL77944 uses the DIM pin for analog, 0 V to 10 V,
or pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming by applying a
voltage signal between 0 to 5 V or PWM signals with 5-
V peaks to the DIM pin.
VIN
VDD
CS GND
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4
FL77944
CVDD
RCS
MODE
DIM
GND
VDIM
+
-
VIN IF1
}
P1
P2
P3
P4
}1st LED
group
}2nd LED
group
}3rd LED
group
}4th LED
group
}
S1
}
S2
}
S3
}
S4
IF2
IF3
IF4
} } }
* S1, S2, S3, S4: Number of LEDs in series each LED group
* P1, P2, P3, P4: Number of LEDs in parallel each LED group
Figure 13. Analog or PWM dimming Application
To enable dimming mode, the MODE pin should be tied
to GND. The LED channel sink and total RMS current
through LEDs will be linearly adjusted with the VDIM level
as shown Figure 14 and Figure 15.
Figure 14. Measured LED Channel Sink
Current vs. VDIM (RCS = 10 Ω)
Figure 15. Current vs. VDIM
(Simulation results: RCS=10 Ω / VAC = 120 V)
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
ILED[A]
VDIM[V]
LED Channel Sink Current vs. VDIM
ILED1
ILED2
ILED3
ILED4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
ILEDRMS[mA]
VDIM[V]
RMS LED Current vs. VDIM
2.50
0.50
5.08
1.27
8.89
3.85
7.35
1.75
0.65
1.50
1.25 0.70
0.60
0.25
0.05
1.75 MAX
C
10.10
9.70
6.20
5.80 4.10
3.70
0.51
0.31
1.27
PIN #1
A
B
0.26
0.10
B
2.56
1.68
4.72
3.86
0.40
0.50
0.25
1.05
0.90
0.50
8°
0°
0.25
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION
NOTES:
A. NO INDUSTRY STANDARD APPLIES TO
THIS PACKAGE
B. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
C. DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD
FLASH OR BURRS
D. DRAWING FILENAME: MKT-M16Hrev2
BOTTOM VIEW
DETAIL B
SCALE 2:1
1 8
916
1 8
916
0.25
M
C
B A
0.10
C
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