MC33199
10 MOTOROLA ANALOG IC DEVICE DATA
INTRODUCTION
The MC33199 is a serial interface circuit used in
diagnostic applications. It is the interface between the
microcontroller and the special K and L Lines of the ISO
diagnostic port. The MC33199 has been designed to meet
the “Diagnosis System ISO 9141” specification.
This product description will detail the functionality of the
device (see simplified application). The power supply and
reference voltage generator will be discussed followed by the
path functions between MCU, K and L Lines. A dedicated
paragraph will discuss the special functionality of the I1 pin in
it’s ability to accommodiate high baud rate transmissions.
Power Supplies and Reference Voltage
The device requires two power supplies to be used; a
5.0 V supply, VCC, which is normally connected to the MCU
supply. The device VCC pin is capable of sinking typically
1.0 mA during normal operation. A Vbat supply voltage, VS, is
normally tied to the car’s battery voltage. The Vbat pin can
sustain up to 40 V dc. Care should be taken to provide any
additional reverse battery and transient voltage protection in
excess of 40 V.
The voltage reference generator is supplied from both VCC
and Vbat pins. The voltage reference generator provides a
reference voltage for the K and L Line comparator
thresholds. The reference voltage is dependant on the Vbat
voltage; it is linear in relation to the Vbat voltage for all Vbat
voltages between 5.6 V and 18 V. Below 5.6 V and over 18 V
the reference voltage is clamped (see Figure 11). The
REF–OUT pin connects the reference voltage out externally
making it available for other application needs. The
REF–OUT pin is capable of supplying a current of 50 µA (see
Figure 12).
Path Functions Between MCU, K and L Lines
The path function from the MCU to the K Line uses a driver
to interface directly with the MCU through the TXD pin. The
TXD pin is CMOS compatible. This driver controls the On–Off
conduction of the power transistor. When the power
transistor is On, it pulls the DIA pin low. This pin is known as
K Line in the ISO 9141 specification. The DIA pin structure is
open collector and requires an external pull–up resistor for
use. Having an open collector without an internal pull–up
resistor allows several MC33199 to be connected to the K
Line while using a single pull–up resistor for the system (see
Figure 6). In order to protect the DIA pin against short circuits
to Vbat, the MC33199 incorporates an internal current limit
(see Figure 16) and thermal shutdown circuit. The current
limit feature makes it possible for the device to drive a K Line
bus having a large parasitic capacitor value (see Special
Functionality of I1 pin below).
The path from the DIA pin, or K Line, to the MCU is done
through a comparator. The comparator threshold voltage is
connected to REF–IN–K pin. It can be tied to the REF–OUT
voltage if a Vbat dependant threshold is required in the
application. The second input of this comparator is
connected internally to DIA pin. The output of this comparator
is available at the RXD output pin and normally connects to
an MCU I/O port. RXD pin has a 2.0 kΩ internal pull–up
resistor.
The path from the L Line, used during a wake–up
sequence of the transmission, to the MCU is done through a
second comparator. The comparator threshold voltage is
connected to REF–IN–L pin. The REF–IN–K pin can be tied
to the REF–OUT voltage if a Vbat dependant threshold is
required in the application. The second input of this
comparator is internally connected to L pin. The output of this
comparator is available on LO output pin, which is also an
open collector structure. The LO pin is normally connected to
an MCU I/O port.
The DIA and L pins can sustain up to 40 V dc. Care should
be taken to protect these pins from reverse battery and
transient voltages exceeding 40 V.
The DIA and L pins both have internal pull–down current
sources of typically 7.5 µA (see Figure 14). The L Line
exhibits a 10 µA pull–down current. The DIA pin has the
same behavior when it is in “off” state, that is when TXD is at
logic high level.
Special Functionality of I1 Pin
The MC33199 has a unique feature which accommodates
transmission baud rates of up to 200 k baud. In practice, the
K Line can be several meters long and have a large parasitic
capacitance value. Large parasitic capacitance values will
slow down the low to high transition of the K Line and limit the
baud rate transmission. For the K Line to go from low to high
level, the parasitic capacitor must first be charged, and can
only be charged through the pull–up resistor. A low pull–up
resistor value would result in fast charge time of the capacitor
but also large output currents to be supplied causing a high
power dissipation in the driver.
To avoid this problem, the MC33199 incorporates a
dynamic current source which is temporarily activated at the
low to high transition of the TXD pin when the DIA pin or K
Line switches from a low to high level (see Figures 3 and 4).
This current source is available at the I1 pin. The I1 pin has
a typical current capability of 80 mA. It is activated for 4.0 µs
(see Figures 21 and 22) and is automatically disabled after
this time. During this time it will charge the K Line parasitic
capacitor. This extra current will quickly increase the K Line
voltage up to Vbat, resulting in a reduced rise time of the K
Line. With this feature, the MC33199 ensures baud rate
transmission of up to 200 k baud.
During high to low transitions of the K Line, the parasitic
capacitor of the line will be discharged by the output
transistor of the DIA pin. In this case, the total current may
exceed the internal current limitation of the DIA pin. If so, the
current limit circuit will activate, limiting the discharge current
to typically 60 mA (see Figures 4 and 16).
If a high baud rate is necessary, the I1 pin should be
connected to the DIA as shown in the typical application
circuit shown in Figure 5. The I1 pin can be left open, if the I1
functionality and high baud rate are not required for the
application.