COP880C Microcontrollers General Description The following part numbers are pin count and temperature variations of the COP880C: COP680C/COP681C/ COP682C/COP881C /COP882C/COP980C/ COP981C/COP982C. The COP880C devices are members of the COP8 microcontroller family. They are fully static parts, fabricated using double-metal silicon gate microCMOS technology. This low cost microcontroller is a complete microcomputer containing all system timing, interrupt logic, ROM, RAM, and I/O necessary to implement dedicated control functions in a variety of applications. Features include an 8-bit memory mapped architecture, MICROWIRE/PLUSTM serial I/O, a 16-bit timer/ counter with capture register and a multi-sourced interrupt. Each I/O pin has software selectable options to adapt the device to the specific application. The part operates over a voltage range of 2.5 to 6.0V. High throughput is achieved with an efficient, regular instruction set operating at a 1 microsecond per instruction rate. Key Features n -- 16-bit multi-function timer supporting -- PWM mode -- External event counter mode -- Input capture mode n 4 kbytes of ROM n 128 bytes of RAM I/O Features n Memory mapped I/O n Software selectable I/O options (TRI-STATE (R) , Push-Pull, Weak Pull-Up Input, High Impedance Input) n n n n High current outputs (8 pins) Schmitt trigger inputs on Port G MICROWIRE PLUS serial I/O Packages: -- 20 DIP/SO with 16 I/O pins -- 28 DIP/SO with 24 I/O pins -- 40 DIP, 36 I/O pins -- 44 PLCC, 36 I/O pins CPU/Instruction Set Features n 1 s instruction cycle time n Three multi-source interrupts servicing -- External interrupt with selectable edge -- Timer interrupt -- Software interrupt n Versatile and easy to use instruction set n 8-bit Stack Pointer (SP) -- stack in RAM n Two 8-bit Register Indirect Data Memory Pointers (B and X) Fully Static CMOS n Low current drain (typically < 1 A) n Single supply operation: 2.5V to 6.0V n Temperature ranges: 0C to 70C, -40C to +85C, -55C to +125C. Development Support n Emulation and OTP devices n Real time emulation and full program debug offered by MetaLink's development system TRI-STATE (R) is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. COPSTM, HPCTM, MICROWIRETM and MICROWIRE/PLUSTM are trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation. iceMASTERTM is a trademark of MetaLink Corporation. PC-XT (R) and PC-AT (R) are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. (c) 2001 National Semiconductor Corporation DS010802 www.national.com COP880C Microcontrollers August 1996 COP880C Block Diagram DS010802-1 FIGURE 1. www.national.com 2 COP880C Connection Diagrams Dual-In-Line Package Dual-In-Line Package (N) and 28 Wide SO (WM) DS010802-23 Top View Order Number COP882C-XXX/N, COP982C-XXX/N, COP882C-XXX/WM, COP982C-XXX/WM, COP982C-XXX/N or COP982CH-XXX/WM DS010802-5 Top View Order Number COP881C-XXX/N, COP981C-XXX/N, COP881C-XXX/WM, COP981C-XXX/WM, COP981CH-XXX/N or COP981CH-XXX/WM Dual-In-Line Package Plastic Chip Carrier DS010802-3 Top View Order Number COP680C-XXX/V, COP880C-XXX/V, COP980C-XXX/V or COP980CH-XXX/V DS010802-4 Top View Order Number COP680C-XXX/N, COP880C-XXX/N, COP980C-XXX/N or COP980CH-XXX/N FIGURE 2. Connection Diagrams 3 www.national.com COP880C COP980C/COP981C/COP982C Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Total Current into VCC Pin (Source) Total Current out of GND Pin (Sink) Storage Temperature Range If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage (VCC) Voltage at any Pin 50 mA 60 mA -65C to +140C Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications are not ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings. 7V -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V DC Electrical Characteristics COP98xC; 0C TA +70C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units Operating Voltage 98XC 2.3 4.0 V 98XCH 4.0 6.0 V 0.1 VCC V Power Supply Ripple (Note 2) Peak to Peak Supply Current CKI = 10 MHz VCC = 6V, tc = 1 s 6.0 mA CKI = 4 MHz VCC = 6V, tc = 2.5 s 4.4 mA CKI = 4 MHz VCC = 4.0V, tc = 2.5 s 2.2 mA CKI = 1 MHz VCC = 4.0V, tc = 10 s 1.4 mA 8 A 5 A (Note 3) HALT Current VCC = 6V, CKI = 0 MHz (Note 4) VCC = 4.0V, CKI = 0 MHz < 0.7 < 0.4 Input Levels RESET, CKI Logic High 0.9 VCC Logic Low V 0.1 VCC V All Other Inputs Logic High 0.7 VCC Logic Low V 0.2 VCC V Hi-Z Input Leakage VCC = 6.0V -1.0 +1.0 A Input Pullup Current VCC = 6.0V, VIN = 0V -40 -250 A 0.35 VCC V G Port Input Hysteresis Output Current Levels D Outputs Source Sink VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.8V -0.4 VCC = 2.3V, VOH = 1.6V -0.2 mA VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 1.0V 10 mA VCC = 2.3V, VOL = 0.4V 2 mA mA All Others Source (Weak Pull-Up) Source (Push-Pull Mode) Sink (Push-Pull Mode) TRI-STATE Leakage VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.2V -10 -110 A VCC = 2.3V, VOH = 1.6V -2.5 -33 A VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.8V -0.4 VCC = 2.3V, VOH = 1.6V -0.2 VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 0.4V 1.6 VCC = 2.3V, VOL = 0.4V 0.7 VCC = 6.0V -1.0 mA mA +1.0 A Allowable Sink/Source Current Per Pin D Outputs (Sink) 15 mA All Others 3 mA www.national.com 4 (Continued) COP98xC; 0C TA +70C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units 100 mA 7 pF 1000 pF Maximum Input Current (Note 5) Without Latchup (Room Temp) Room Temp RAM Retention Voltage, Vr 500 ns Rise and (Note 6) Fall Time (Min) 2.0 V Input Capacitance Load Capacitance on D2 COP980C/COP981C/COP982C Note 2: Rate of voltage change must be less than 0.5V/ms. Note 3: Supply current is measured after running 2000 cycles with a square wave CKI input, CKO open, inputs at rails and outputs open. Note 4: The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the RC and the Crystal configurations. Test conditions: All inputs tied to VCC, L, C and G ports TRI-STATE and tied to ground, all outputs low and tied to ground. Note 5: Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network for factory testing. These pins allow input voltages greater than VCC and the pins will have sink current to VCC when biased at voltages greater than VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC). The effective resistance to VCC is 750 (typ). These two pins will not latch up. The voltage at the pins must be limited to less than 14V. Note 6: To maintain RAM integrity, the voltage must not be dropped or raised instantaneously. AC Electrical Characteristics 0C TA +70C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units DC s Instruction Cycle Time (tc) Crystal/Resonator or External VCC 4.0V (Div-by 10) 2.3V VCC 4.0V R/C Oscillator Mode VCC 4.0V (Div-by 10) CKI Clock Duty Cycle (Note 7) 1 2.5 DC s 3 DC s 2.3V VCC 4.0V 7.5 DC s fr = Max 40 60 % Rise Time (Note 7) fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock 12 ns Fall Time (Note 7) fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock 8 ns Inputs tSETUP tHOLD Output Propagation Delay VCC 4.0V 200 2.3V VCC 4.0V 500 ns VCC 4.0V 60 ns 2.3V VCC 4.0V 150 ns ns CL = 100 pF, RL = 2.2 k tPD1, tPD0 SO, SK All Others VCC 4.0V 0.7 2.3V VCC 4.0V 1.75 s 1 s 2.5 s VCC 4.0V 2.3V VCC 4.0V s MICROWIRETM Setup Time (tUWS) 20 ns MICROWIRE Hold Time (tUWH) 56 ns MICROWIRE Output Propagation Delay (tUPD) 220 ns Input Pulse Width Interrupt Input High Time tC Interrupt Input Low Time tC Timer Input High Time tC Timer Input Low Time tC Reset Pulse Width 1.0 s Note 7: Parameter characterized but not production tested. 5 www.national.com COP880C DC Electrical Characteristics COP880C COP880C/COP881C/COP882C Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 8) Total Current into VCC Pin (Source) Total Current out of GND Pin (Sink) Storage Temperature Range If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage (VCC) Voltage at any Pin 50 mA 60 mA -65C to +140C Note 8: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications are not ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings. 7V -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V DC Electrical Characteristics COP88xC; -40C TA +85C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition Min Operating Voltage Power Supply Ripple (Note 9) Typ 2.5 Peak to Peak Max Units 6.0 V 0.1 VCC V Supply Current CKI = 10 MHz VCC = 6V, tc = 1 s 6.0 mA CKI = 4 MHz VCC = 6V, tc = 2.5 s 4.4 mA CKI = 4 MHz VCC = 4.0V, tc = 2.5 s 2.2 mA CKI = 1 MHz VCC = 4.0V, tc = 10 s 1.4 mA (Note 10) HALT Current VCC = 6V, CKI = 0 MHz (Note 11) VCC = 3.5V, CKI = 0 MHz <1 < 0.5 10 A 6 A Input Levels RESET, CKI Logic High 0.9 VCC Logic Low V 0.1 VCC V All Other Inputs Logic High 0.7 VCC Logic Low V 0.2 VCC V Hi-Z Input Leakage VCC = 6.0V -2 +2 A Input Pullup Current VCC = 6.0V, VIN = 0V -40 -250 A 0.35 VCC V G Port Input Hysteresis Output Current Levels D Outputs Source Sink VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.8V -0.4 mA VCC = 2.5V, VOH = 1.8V -0.2 mA VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 1.0V 10 mA VCC = 2.5V, VOL = 0.4V 2 mA VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.2V -10 -110 VCC = 2.5V, VOH = 1.8V -2.5 -33 VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.8V -0.4 VCC = 2.5V, VOH = 1.8V -0.2 All Others Source (Weak Pull-Up) Source (Push-Pull Mode) Sink (Push-Pull Mode) TRI-STATE Leakage VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 0.4V 1.6 VCC = 2.5V, VOL = 0.4V 0.7 VCC = 6.0V -2.0 A A mA mA +2.0 A Allowable Sink/Source Current Per Pin D Outputs (Sink) 15 mA All Others 3 mA 100 mA Maximum Input Current (Note 12) Without Latchup (Room Temp) www.national.com Room Temp 6 (Continued) COP88xC; -40C TA +85C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition RAM Retention Voltage, Vr 500 ns Rise and (Note 13) Fall Time (Min) Min Typ Max 2.0 Units V Input Capacitance Load Capacitance on D2 7 pF 1000 pF COP880C/COP881C/COP882C Note 9: Rate of voltage change must be less than 0.5V/ms. Note 10: Supply current is measured after running 2000 cycles with a square wave CKI input, CKO open, inputs at rails and outputs open. Note 11: The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the RC and the Crystal configurations. Test conditions: All inputs tied to VCC, L, C and G ports TRI-STATE and tied to ground, all outputs low and tied to ground. Note 12: Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network for factory testing. These pins allow input voltages greater than VCC and the pins will have sink current to VCC when biased at voltages greater than VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC). The effective resistance to VCC is 750 (typ). These two pins will not latch up. The voltage at the pins must be limited to less than 14V. Note 13: To maintain RAM integrity, the voltage must not be dropped or raised instantaneously. AC Electrical Characteristics -40C TA +85C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units Instruction Cycle Time (tc) Crystal/Resonator or External VCC 4.5V (Div-by 10) 2.5V VCC < 4.5V R/C Oscillator Mode VCC 4.5V (Div-by 10) 2.5V VCC CKI Clock Duty Cycle (Note 14) < 4.5V fr = Max 1 DC s 2.5 DC s 3 DC s 7.5 DC s 40 60 % Rise Time (Note 14) fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock 12 ns Fall Time (Note 14) fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock 8 ns Inputs tSETUP tHOLD Output Propagation Delay VCC 4.5V 200 ns 2.5V VCC < 4.5V 500 ns VCC 4.5V 60 ns 2.5V VCC < 4.5V 150 ns CL = 100 pF, RL = 2.2 k tPD1, tPD0 SO, SK All Others VCC 4.5V 0.7 s 2.5V VCC < 4.5V 1.75 s 1 s 2.5 s VCC 4.5V 2.5V VCC < 4.5V MICROWIRE Setup Time (tUWS) 20 ns MICROWIRE Hold Time (tUWH) 56 ns MICROWIRE Output Propagation Delay (tUPD) 220 ns Input Pulse Width Interrupt Input High Time tC Interrupt Input Low Time tC Timer Input High Time tC Timer Input Low Time tC Reset Pulse Width 1.0 s Note 14: Parameter characterized but not production tested. 7 www.national.com COP880C DC Electrical Characteristics COP880C Timing Diagram DS010802-2 FIGURE 3. MICROWIRE/PLUS Timing COP680C/COP681C/COP682C Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 16) Total Current into VCC Pin (Source) Total Current Out of GND Pin (Sink) Storage Temperature Range If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage (VCC) Voltage at Any Pin 40 mA 48 mA -65C to +140C Note 15: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications are not ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings. 6V -0.3V to VCC + 0.3V DC Electrical Characteristics COP68xC: -55C TA +125C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition Operating Voltage Power Supply Ripple (Note 17) Min Typ 4.5 Peak to Peak Max Units 5.5 V 0.1 VCC V Supply Current (Note 18) CKI = 10 MHz VCC = 5.5V, tc = 1 s 8.0 mA CKI = 4 MHz VCC = 5.5V, tc = 2.5 s 4.4 mA 30 A HALT Current (Note 19) < 10 VCC = 5.5V, CKI = 0 MHz Input Levels RESET, CKI Logic High 0.9 VCC Logic Low V 0.1 VCC V All Other Inputs Logic High 0.7 VCC Logic Low V 0.2 VCC V Hi-Z Input Leakage VCC = 5.5V -5 +5 A Input Pullup Current VCC = 5.5V, VIN = 0V -35 -300 A 0.35 VCC V G Port Input Hysteresis Output Current Levels D Outputs Source VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.8V -0.35 mA Sink VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 1.0V 9 mA Source (Weak Pull-Up) VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.2V -9 Source (Push-Pull Mode) VCC = 4.5V, VOH = 3.2V -0.35 mA Sink (Push-Pull Mode) VCC = 4.5V, VOL = 0.4V 1.4 mA TRI-STATE Leakage VCC = 5.5V -5.0 All Others -120 A +5.0 A D Outputs (Sink) 12 mA All Others 2.5 mA Allowable Sink/Source Current per Pin www.national.com 8 (Continued) COP68xC: -55C TA +125C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units 100 mA 7 pF 1000 pF Maximum Input Current (Room Temp) without Latchup (Note 20) RAM Retention Voltage, Vr (Note 21) Room Temp 500 ns Rise and Fall Time (Min) 2.5 V Input Capacitance Load Capacitance on D2 Note 16: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications are not ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings. Note 17: Rate of voltage change must be less than 0.5V/ms. Note 18: Supply current is measured after running 2000 cycles with a square wave CKI input, CKO open, inputs at rails and outputs open. Note 19: The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the RC and the Crystal configurations. Test conditions: All inputs tied to VCC, L and G ports TRI-STATE and tied to ground, all outputs low and tied to ground. Note 20: Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network for factory testing. These pins allow input voltages greater than VCC and the pins will have sink current to VCC when biased at voltages greater than VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC). The effective resistance to VCC is 750 (typical). These two pins will not latch up. The voltage at the pins must be limited to less than 14V. Note 21: To maintain RAM integrity, the voltage must not be dropped or raised instantaneously. COP680C/COP681C/COP682C AC Electrical Characteristics -55C TA +125C unless otherwise specified Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Units Instruction Cycle Time (tc) Ext. or Crystal/Resonant VCC 4.5V 1 DC s fr = Max 40 60 % 12 ns (Div-by 10) CKI Clock Duty Cycle (Note 22) Rise Time (Note 22) fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock Fall Time (Note 22) fr = 10 MHz Ext Clock 8 MICROWIRE Setup Time (tUWS) 20 MICROWIRE Hold Time (tUWH) 56 MICROWIRE Output Valid ns ns ns 220 ns Time (tUPD) Input Pulse Width Interrupt Input High Time tC Interrupt Input Low Time tC Timer Input High Time tC Timer Input Low Time tC Reset Pulse Width 1 s Note 22: Parameter characterized but not production tested. 9 www.national.com COP880C DC Electrical Characteristics COP880C Typical Performance Characteristics (-40C TA +85C) Hall -- IDD Dynamic -- IDD (Crystal Clock Option) DS010802-16 Port L/C/G Weak Pull-Up DS010802-17 Port L/C/G Push-Pull Source Current DS010802-18 Port L/C/G Push-Pull Sink Current DS010802-19 Port D Source Current DS010802-20 www.national.com DS010802-21 10 COP880C Typical Performance Characteristics (-40C TA +85C) (Continued) Port D Sink Current DS010802-22 Pin Descriptions VCC and GND are the power supply pins. CKI is the clock input. This can come from an external source, a R/C generated oscillator or a crystal (in conjunction with CKO). See Oscillator description. RESET is the master reset input. See Reset description. PORT I is an 8-bit Hi-Z input port. The 28-pin device does not have a full complement of Port I pins. The unavailable pins are not terminated i.e., they are floating. A read operation for these unterminated pins will return unpredictable values. The user must ensure that the software takes this into account by either masking or restricting the accesses to bit operations. The unterminated Port I pins will draw power only when addressed. PORT L is an 8-bit I/O port. PORT C is a 4-bit I/O port. Three memory locations are allocated for the L, G and C ports, one each for data register, configuration register and the input pins. Reading bits 4-7 of the C-Configuration register, data register, and input pins returns undefined data. There are two registers associated with the L and C ports: a data register and a configuration register. Therefore, each L and C I/O bit can be individually configured under software control as shown below: Config. Data 0 0 Hi-Z Input (TRI-STATE Output) 0 1 Input with Pull-Up (Weak One Output) 1 0 Push-Pull Zero Output 1 1 Push-Pull One Output Config. Data Port G Setup 0 0 Hi-Z Input (TRI-STATE Output) 0 1 Input with Pull-Up (Weak One Output) 1 0 Push-Pull Zero Output 1 1 Push-Pull One Output Since G6 and G7 are input only pins, any attempt by the user to configure them as outputs by writing a one to the configuration register will be disregarded. Reading the G6 and G7 configuration bits will return zeros. The device will be placed in the HALT mode by writing to the G7 bit in the G-port data register. Six pins of Port G have alternate features: G0 INTR (an external interrupt) G3 TIO (timer/counter input/output) G4 SO (MICROWIRE serial data output) G5 SK (MICROWIRE clock I/O) G6 SI (MICROWIRE serial data input) G7 CKO crystal oscillator output (selected by mask option) or HALT restart input (general purpose input) Pins G1 and G2 currently do not have any alternate functions. PORT D is an 8-bit output port that is preset high when RESET goes low. Care must be exercised with the D2 pin operation. At RESET, the external loads on this pin must ensure that the output voltages stay above 0.9 VCC to prevent the chip from entering special modes. Also, keep the external loading on D2 to less than 1000 pF. Ports L and C Setup Functional Description On the 28-pin part, it is recommended that all bits of Port C be configured as outputs. PORT G is an 8-bit port with 6 I/O pins (G0-G5) and 2 input pins (G6, G7). All eight G-pins have Schmitt Triggers on the inputs. There are two registers associated with the G port: a data register and a configuration register. Therefore, each G port bit can be individually configured under software control as shown below: Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the internal architecture. Data paths are illustrated in simplified form to depict how the various logic elements communicate with each other in implementing the instruction set of the device. ALU AND CPU REGISTERS The ALU can do an 8-bit addition, subtraction, logical or shift operation in one cycle time. There are five CPU registers: A is the 8-bit Accumulator register PU is the upper 7 bits of the program counter (PC) PL is the lower 8 bits of the program counter (PC) 11 www.national.com COP880C Functional Description (Continued) B is the 8-bit address register, can be auto incremented or decremented. X is the 8-bit alternate address register, can be incremented or decremented. SP is the 8-bit stack pointer, points to subroutine stack (in RAM). B, X and SP registers are mapped into the on chip RAM. The B and X registers are used to address the on chip RAM. The SP register is used to address the stack in RAM during subroutine calls and returns. DS010802-6 RC 5X Power Supply Rise Time FIGURE 4. Recommended Reset Circuit OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS Figure 5 shows the three clock oscillator configurations. PROGRAM MEMORY Program memory consists of 4096 bytes of ROM. These bytes may hold program instructions or constant data. The program memory is addressed by the 15-bit program counter (PC). ROM can be indirectly read by the LAID instruction for table lookup. A. CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR The device can be driven by a crystal clock. The crystal network is connected between the pins CKI and CKO. Table 1 shows the component values required for various standard crystal values. DATA MEMORY The data memory address space includes on chip RAM, I/O and registers. Data memory is addressed directly by the instruction or indirectly by the B, X and SP registers. The device has 128 bytes of RAM. Sixteen bytes of RAM are mapped as "registers" that can be loaded immediately, decremented or tested. Three specific registers: B, X and SP are mapped into this space, the other bytes are available for general usage. The instruction set permits any bit in memory to be set, reset or tested. All I/O and registers (except the A & PC) are memory mapped; therefore, I/O bits and register bits can be directly and individually set, reset and tested. A is not memory mapped, but bit operations can be still performed on it. B. EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR CKI can be driven by an external clock signal. CKO is available as a general purpose input and/or HALT restart control. C. R/C OSCILLATOR CKI is configured as a single pin RC controlled Schmitt trigger oscillator. CKO is available as a general purpose input and/or HALT restart control. Table 2 shows the variation in the oscillator frequencies as functions of the component (R and C) values. Note: RAM contents are undefined upon power-up. RESET The RESET input when pulled low initializes the microcontroller. Initialization will occur whenever the RESET input is pulled low. Upon initialization, the ports L, G and C are placed in the TRI-STATE mode and the Port D is set high. The PC, PSW and CNTRL registers are cleared. The data and configuration registers for Ports L, G and C are cleared. The external RC network shown in Figure 4 should be used to ensure that the RESET pin is held low until the power supply to the chip stabilizes. DS010802-7 FIGURE 5. Crystal and R-C Connection Diagrams OSCILLATOR MASK OPTIONS The device can be driven by clock inputs between DC and 10 MHz. TABLE 1. Crystal Oscillator Configuration, TA = 25C R1 R2 C1 C2 CKI Freq (k) (M) (pF) (pF) (MHz) 0 1 30 30-36 10 VCC = 5V 0 1 30 30-36 4 VCC = 2.5V 5.6 1 200 100-150 0.455 VCC = 5V www.national.com 12 Conditions COP880C Functional Description (Continued) TABLE 2. RC Oscillator Configuration, TA = 25C R C CKI Freq. Instr. Cycle Conditions (k) (pF) (MHz) (s) 3.3 82 2.2 to 2.7 3.7 to 4.6 VCC = 5V 5.6 100 1.1 to 1.3 7.4 to 9.0 VCC = 5V 6.8 100 0.9 to 1.1 8.8 to 10.8 VCC = 5V Note 23: (R/C Oscillator Configuration): 3k R 200k, 50 pF C 200 pF. ENI and ENTI bits select external and timer interrupt respectively. Thus the user can select either or both sources to interrupt the microcontroller when GIE is enabled. IEDG selects the external interrupt edge (0 = rising edge, 1 = falling edge). The user can get an interrupt on both rising and falling edges by toggling the state of IEDG bit after each interrupt. IPND and TPND bits signal which interrupt is pending. After interrupt is acknowledged, the user can check these two bits to determine which interrupt is pending. This permits the interrupts to be prioritized under software. The pending flags have to be cleared by the user. Setting the GIE bit high inside the interrupt subroutine allows nested interrupts. The software interrupt does not reset the GIE bit. This means that the controller can be interrupted by other interrupt sources while servicing the software interrupt. The device has three mask options for configuring the clock input. The CKI and CKO pins are automatically configured upon selecting a particular option. * Crystal (CKI/10); CKO for crystal configuration * External (CKI/10); CKO available as G7 input * R/C (CKI/10); CKO available as G7 input G7 can be used either as a general purpose input or as a control input to continue from the HALT mode. HALT MODE The device supports a power saving mode of operation: HALT. The controller is placed in the HALT mode by setting the G7 data bit, alternatively the user can stop the clock input. In the HALT mode all internal processor activities including the clock oscillator are stopped. The fully static architecture freezes the state of the controller and retains all information until continuing. In the HALT mode, power requirements are minimal as it draws only leakage currents and output current. The applied voltage (VCC) may be decreased down to Vr (minimum RAM retention voltage) without altering the state of the machine. There are two ways to exit the HALT mode: via the RESET or by the CKO pin. A low on the RESET line reinitializes the microcontroller and starts executing from the address 0000H. A low to high transition on the CKO pin (only if the external or R/C clock option selected) causes the microcontroller to continue with no reinitialization from the address following the HALT instruction. This also resets the G7 data bit. INTERRUPT PROCESSING The interrupt, once acknowledged, pushes the program counter (PC) onto the stack and the stack pointer (SP) is decremented twice. The Global Interrupt Enable (GIE) bit is reset to disable further interrupts. The microcontroller then vectors to the address 00FFH and resumes execution from that address. This process takes 7 cycles to complete. At the end of the interrupt subroutine, any of the following three instructions return the processor back to the main program: RET, RETSK or RETI. Either one of the three instructions will pop the stack into the program counter (PC). The stack pointer is then incremented twice. The RETI instruction additionally sets the GIE bit to re-enable further interrupts. Any of the three instructions can be used to return from a hardware interrupt subroutine. The RETSK instruction should be used when returning from a software interrupt subroutine to avoid entering an infinite loop. INTERRUPTS There are three interrupt sources, as shown below. A maskable interrupt on external G0 input (positive or negative edge sensitive under software control) A maskable interrupt on timer underflow or timer capture A non-maskable software/error interrupt on opcode zero Note: There is always the possibility of an interrupt occurring during an instruction which is attempting to reset the GIE bit or any other interrupt enable bit. If this occurs when a single cycle instruction is being used to reset the interrupt enable bit, the interrupt enable bit will be reset but an interrupt may still occur. This is because interrupt processing is started at the same time as the interrupt bit is being reset. To avoid this scenario, the user should always use a two, three or four cycle instruction to reset interrupt enable bits. INTERRUPT CONTROL The GIE (global interrupt enable) bit enables the interrupt function. This is used in conjunction with ENI and ENTI to select one or both of the interrupt sources. This bit is reset when interrupt is acknowledged. 13 www.national.com COP880C Functional Description (Continued) DS010802-8 FIGURE 6. Interrupt Block Diagram DETECTION OF ILLEGAL CONDITIONS The device contains a hardware mechanism that allows it to detect illegal conditions which may occur from coding errors, noise and "brown out" voltage drop situations. Specifically it detects cases of executing out of undefined ROM area and unbalanced stack situations. Reading an undefined ROM location returns 00 (hexadecimal) as its contents. The opcode for a software interrupt is also "00". Thus a program accessing undefined ROM will cause a software interrupt. Reading an undefined RAM location returns an FF (hexadecimal). The subroutine stack grows down for each subroutine call. By initializing the stack pointer to the top of RAM, the first unbalanced return instruction will cause the stack pointer to address undefined RAM. As a result the program will attempt to execute from FFFF (hexadecimal), which is an undefined ROM location and will trigger a software interrupt. where, tC is the instruction cycle clock. MICROWIRE/PLUS OPERATION Setting the BUSY bit in the PSW register causes the MICROWIRE/PLUS arrangement to start shifting the data. It gets reset when eight data bits have been shifted. The user may reset the BUSY bit by software to allow less than 8 bits to shift. The devoce may enter the MICROWIRE/PLUS mode either as a Master or as a Slave. Figure 8 shows how two COP880C microcontrollers and several peripherals may be interconnected using the MICROWIRE/PLUS arrangement. Master MICROWIRE/PLUS Operation In the MICROWIRE/PLUS Master mode of operation the shift clock (SK) is generated internally. The MICROWIRE/ PLUS Master always initiates all data exchanges. (See Figure 8). The MSEL bit in the CNTRL register must be set to enable the SO and SK functions onto the G Port. The SO and SK pins must also be selected as outputs by setting appropriate bits in the Port G configuration register. Table 4 summarizes the bit settings required for Master mode of operation. MICROWIRE/PLUS MICROWIRE/PLUS is a serial synchronous bidirectional communications interface. The MICROWIRE/PLUS capability enables the device to interface with any of National Semiconductor's MICROWIRE peripherals (i.e. A/D converters, display drivers, EEPROMS, etc.) and with other microcontrollers which support the MICROWIRE/PLUS interface. It consists of an 8-bit serial shift register (SIO) with serial data input (SI), serial data output (SO) and serial shift clock (SK). Figure 7 shows the block diagram of the MICROWIRE/ PLUS interface. The shift clock can be selected from either an internal source or an external source. Operating the MICROWIRE/PLUS interface with the internal clock source is called the Master mode of operation. Similarly, operating the MICROWIRE/ PLUS interface with an external shift clock is called the Slave mode of operation. The CNTRL register is used to configure and control the MICROWIRE/PLUS mode. To use the MICROWIRE/PLUS, the MSEL bit in the CNTRL register is set to one. The SK clock rate is selected by the two bits, SL0 and SL1, in the CNTRL register. Table 3 details the different clock rates that may be selected. SLAVE MICROWIRE/PLUS OPERATION In the MICROWIRE/PLUS Slave mode of operation the SK clock is generated by an external source. Setting the MSEL bit in the CNTRL register enables the SO and SK functions onto the G Port. The SK pin must be selected as an input and the SO pin is selected as an output pin by appropriately setting up the Port G configuration register. Table 4 summarizes the settings required to enter the Slave mode of operation. The user must set the BUSY flag immediately upon entering the Slave mode. This will ensure that all data bits sent by the Master will be shifted properly. After eight clock pulses the BUSY flag will be cleared and the sequence may be repeated. (See Figure 8.) TABLE 3. SL1 SL0 SK Cycle Time 0 0 2tC 0 1 4tC 1 x 8tC www.national.com 14 COP880C Functional Description (Continued) TABLE 4. G4 G5 G4 G5 G6 Config. Config. Fun. Fun. Fun. Bit Bit 1 1 SO Int. SK SI MICROWIRE Master 0 1 TRI-STATE Int. SK SI MICROWIRE Master 1 0 SO Ext. SK SI MICROWIRE Slave 0 0 TRI-STATE Ext. SK SI MICROWIRE Slave Operation DS010802-9 TIMER/COUNTER The device has a powerful 16-bit timer with an associated 16-bit register enabling them to perform extensive timer functions. The timer T1 and its register R1 are each organized as two 8-bit read/write registers. Control bits in the register CNTRL allow the timer to be started and stopped under software control. The timer-register pair can be operated in one of three possible modes. Table 5 details various timer operating modes and their requisite control settings. FIGURE 7. MICROWIRE/PLUS Block Diagram MODE 1. TIMER WITH AUTO-LOAD REGISTER In this mode of operation, the timer T1 counts down at the instruction cycle rate. Upon underflow the value in the register R1 gets automatically reloaded into the timer which continues to count down. The timer underflow can be programmed to interrupt the microcontroller. A bit in the control register CNTRL enables the TIO (G3) pin to toggle upon timer underflows. This allow the generation of square-wave outputs or pulse width modulated outputs under software control. (See Figure 9.) MODE 2. EXTERNAL COUNTER In this mode, the timer T1 becomes a 16-bit external event counter. The counter counts down upon an edge on the TIO pin. Control bits in the register CNTRL program the counter to decrement either on a positive edge or on a negative edge. Upon underflow the contents of the register R1 are automatically copied into the counter. The underflow can also be programmed to generate an interrupt. (See Figure 9) MODE 3. TIMER WITH CAPTURE REGISTER Timer T1 can be used to precisely measure external frequencies or events in this mode of operation. The timer T1 counts down at the instruction cycle rate. Upon the occurrence of a specified edge on the TIO pin the contents of the timer T1 are copied into the register R1. Bits in the control register CNTRL allow the trigger edge to be specified either as a positive edge or as a negative edge. In this mode the user can elect to be interrupted on the specified trigger edge. (See Figure 10.) 15 www.national.com COP880C Functional Description (Continued) DS010802-10 FIGURE 8. MICROWIRE/PLUS Application TABLE 5. Timer Operating Modes CNTRL Timer Bits Operation Mode T Interrupt Counts 765 On 000 External Counter W/Auto-Load Reg. Timer Underflow 001 External Counter W/Auto-Load Reg. Timer Underflow TIO Pos. Edge TIO Neg. Edge 010 Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed 011 Not Allowed Not Allowed Not Allowed 100 Timer W/Auto-Load Reg. Timer Underflow tC 101 Timer W/Auto-Load Reg./Toggle TIO Out Timer Underflow tC 110 Timer W/Capture Register TIO Pos. Edge tC 111 Timer W/Capture Register TIO Neg. Edge tC DS010802-12 DS010802-11 FIGURE 10. Timer Capture Mode Block Diagram FIGURE 9. Timer/Counter Auto Reload Mode Block Diagram TIMER PWM APPLICATION Figure 11 shows how a minimal component D/A converter can be built out of the Timer-Register pair in the Auto-Reload mode. The timer is placed in the "Timer with auto reload" mode and the TIO pin is selected as the timer output. At the outset the TIO pin is set high, the timer T1 holds the on time and the register R1 holds the signal off time. Setting TRUN bit starts the timer which counts down at the instruction cycle rate. The underflow toggles the TIO output and copies the off www.national.com 16 DIRECT (Continued) The instruction contains an 8-bit address field that directly points to the data memory for the operand. time into the timer, which continues to run. By alternately loading in the on time and the off time at each successive interrupt a PWM frequency can be easily generated. IMMEDIATE The instruction contains an 8-bit immediate field as the operand. REGISTER INDIRECT (AUTO INCREMENT AND DECREMENT) This is a register indirect mode that automatically increments or decrements the B or X register after executing the instruction. RELATIVE This mode is used for the JP instruction, the instruction field is added to the program counter to get the new program location. JP has a range of from -31 to +32 to allow a one byte relative jump (JP + 1 is implemented by a NOP instruction). There are no "pages" when using JP, all 15 bits of PC are used. DS010802-13 FIGURE 11. Timer Application Control Registers Memory Map CNTRL REGISTER (ADDRESS X'00EE) The Timer and MICROWIRE/PLUS control register contains the following bits: SL1 & SL0 Select the MICROWIRE/PLUS clock divide-by IEDG External interrupt edge polarity select (0 = rising edge, 1 = falling edge) MSEL Enable MICROWIRE/PLUS functions SO and SK TRUN Start/Stop the Timer/Counter (1 = run, 0 = stop) TC3 Timer input edge polarity select (0 = rising edge, 1 = falling edge) TC2 Selects the capture mode TC1 Selects the timer mode TC1 TC2 TC3 TRUN MSEL IEDG SL1 BIT 7 All RAM, ports and registers (except A and PC) are mapped into data memory address space. Address On Chip RAM Bytes 70 to 7F Unused RAM Address Space (Reads as all Ones) 80 to BF Expansion Space for future use C0 to CF Expansion Space for I/O and Registers D0 to DF On Chip I/O and Registers D0 Port L Data Register D1 Port L Configuration Register D2 Port L Input Pins (Read Only) SL0 D3 Reserved for Port L BIT 0 D4 Port G Data Register D5 Port G Configuration Register D6 Port G Input Pins (Read Only) D7 Port I Input Pins (Read Only) D8 Port C Data Register PSW REGISTER (ADDRESS X'00EF) The PSW register contains the following select bits: GIE ENI BUSY IPND ENTI TPND C HC Contents 00 to 6F Global interrupt enable External interrupt enable MICROWIRE/PLUS busy shifting External interrupt pending Timer interrupt enable Timer interrupt pending Carry Flag Half carry Flag D9 Port C Configuration Register DA Port C Input Pins (Read Only) DB Reserved for Port C DC Port D Data Register DD-DF Reserved for Port D E0 to EF E0-E7 On Chip Functions and Registers Reserved for Future Parts E8 Reserved E9 MICROWIRE/PLUS Shift Register EA Timer Lower Byte EB Timer Upper Byte EC Timer Autoload Register Lower Byte Addressing Modes ED Timer Autoload Register Upper Byte EE CNTRL Control Register REGISTER INDIRECT This is the "normal" mode of addressing. The operand is the memory addressed by the B register or X register. EF PSW Register HC C TPND ENTI IPND BIT 7 BUSY ENI GIE BIT 0 F0 to FF 17 On Chip RAM Mapped as Registers FC X Register FD SP Register www.national.com COP880C Functional Description COP880C Memory Map (Continued) Address FE Contents B Register PU upper 7 bits of PC PL C lower 8 bits of PC 1-bit of PSW register for carry HC Half Carry GIE 1-bit of PSW register for global interrupt enable Reading unused memory locations below 7FH will return all ones. Reading other unused memory locations will return undefined data. Symbols [B] Memory indirectly addressed by B register [X] Memory indirectly addressed by X register Mem Direct address memory or [B] MemI Direct address memory or [B] or Immediate data Imm 8-bit Immediate data Reg Register memory: addresses F0 to FF (Includes B, X and SP) Bit Bit number (0 to 7) Loaded with Instruction Set REGISTER AND SYMBOL DEFINITIONS Registers A 8-bit Accumulator register B 8-bit Address register X 8-bit Address register SP 8-bit Stack pointer register PC 15-bit Program counter register Exchanged with Instruction Set A A + MemI A A + MemI + C, C Carry HC Half Carry ADD add ADC add with carry SUBC subtract with carry A A + MemI +C, C Carry HC Half Carry AND Logical AND OR Logical OR XOR Logical Exclusive-OR A A and MemI A A or MemI A A xor MemI IFEQ IF equal Compare A and MemI, Do next if A = MemI IFGT IF greater than IFBNE IF B not equal Compare A and MemI, Do next if A > MemI Do next if lower 4 bits of B Imm DRSZ Decrement Reg. ,skip if zero Reg Reg - 1, skip if Reg goes to 0 SBIT Set bit 1 to bit, RBIT Reset bit 0 to bit, IFBIT If bit If bit, X Exchange A with memory LD A Load A with memory LD mem Load Direct memory Immed. Mem (bit= 0 to 7 immediate) Mem Mem is true, do next instr. LD Reg Load Register memory Immed. X Exchange A with memory [B] X Exchange A with memory [X] LD A Load A with memory [B] LD A Load A with memory [X] LD M Load Memory Immediate CLRA Clear A INCA Increment A DECA Decrement A LAID Load A indirect from ROM DCORA DECIMAL CORRECT A RRCA ROTATE A RIGHT THRU C www.national.com A Mem A MemI Mem Imm Reg Imm A [B] (B B 1) A [X] (X X 1) A [B] (B B 1) A [X] (X X 1) [B] Imm (B B 1) A0 AA+1 AA-1 A ROM(PU,A) A BCD correction (follows ADC, SUBC) C A7 ... A0 C 18 COP880C Instruction Set (Continued) Instruction Set (Continued) SWAPA A7 ... A4 A3 ... A0 C 1, HC 1 Swap nibbles of A SC Set C RC Reset C C 0, HC 0 IFC If C If C is true, do next instruction IFNC If not C JMPL Jump absolute long If C is not true, do next instruction PC ii (ii = 15 bits, 0 to 32k) JMP Jump absolute JP Jump relative short JSRL Jump subroutine long JSR Jump subroutine JID Jump indirect RET Return from subroutine PC11..0 i (i = 12 bits) PC PC + r (r is -31 to +32, not 1) [SP] PL,[SP-1] PU,SP-2,PC ii [SP] PL,[SP-1] PU,SP-2,PC11.. 0 i PL ROM(PU,A) RETSK Return and Skip RETI Return from Interrupt INTR Generate an interrupt SP+2,PL [SP],PU [SP-1] SP+2,PL [SP],PU [SP-1],Skip next instruction SP+2,PL [SP],PU [SP-1],GIE 1 [SP] PL,[SP-1] PU,SP-2,PC 0FF NOP No operation PC PC + 1 19 www.national.com www.national.com 20 JP-30 JP-29 JP-28 JP-27 JP-26 JP-25 JP-24 JP-23 JP-22 JP-21 JP-20 JP-19 JP-18 JP-17 JP-16 JP-14 JP-13 JP-12 JP-11 JP-10 JP-9 JP-8 JP-7 JP-6 JP-5 JP-4 JP-3 JP-2 JP-1 JP-0 LD 0FF, #i LD 0FE, #i LD 0FD, #i LD 0FC, #i LD 0FB, #i LD 0FA, #i LD 0F9, #i LD 0F8, #i LD 0F7, #i LD 0F6, #i LD 0F5, #i LD 0F4, #i LD 0F3, #i LD 0F2, #i LD 0F1, #i LD 0F0, #i D i is the immediate data JP-31 JP-15 Where, E F Opcode List * LD A,[X] DIR LD Md,#i LD A,[X-] LD A,[X+] * NOP * X A,[X] * * X A,[X-] X A,[X+] * RRCA B LD [B-],#i LD [B+],#i * LD A,#i OR A,#i XOR A,#i AND A,#i ADD A,#i IFGT A,#i IFEQ A,#i SUBC A, #i ADC A, #i 9 * LD A,[B] JSRL * LD [B],#i LD A,Md JMPL X A,Md LD A,[B-] LD A,[B+] * * * X A,[B] JID LAID X A,[B-] X A,[B+] SC RC A 8 RETI RET CLRA * * * * 6 LD B,#0B LD B,#0C LD B, 0D LD B, #0E LD B, #0F 5 SBIT 7,[B] SBIT 6,[B] SBIT 5,[B] SBIT 4,[B] SBIT 3,[B] SBIT 2,[B] SBIT 1,[B] SBIT 0,[B] IFBIT 7,[B] RBIT 7,[B] RBIT 6,[B] RBIT 5,[B] RBIT 4,[B] RBIT 3,[B] RBIT 2,[B] RBIT 1,[B] RBIT 0,[B] * IFBIT DCORA 6,[B] IFBNE 9 IFBNE 8 IFBNE 7 IFBNE 6 IFBNE 5 IFBNE 4 IFBNE 3 IFBNE 2 IFBNE 1 IFBNE 0 4 IFBNE 0B LD B, 0 IFBNE 0F LD B, 1 IFBNE 0E LD B, 2 IFBNE 0D LD B, 3 IFBNE 0C LD B,#04 LD B, 5 IFBNE 0A LD B,#06 LD B, 7 LD B,#08 LD B,#09 IFBIT SWAPA LD 5,[B] B,#0A IFBIT 4,[B] IFBIT 3,[B] IFBIT 2,[B] IFBIT 1, [B] IFBIT 0, [B] 7 Bits 7-4 * is an unused opcode (see following table) RETSK * DECA INCA IFNC IFC OR A,[B] XOR A,[B] AND A,[B] ADD A,[B] IFGT A,[B] IFEQ A,[B] SUBC A, [B] ADC A, [B] Md is a directly addressed memory location DRSZ 0FF DRSZ 0FE DRSZ 0FD DRSZ 0FC DRSZ 0FB DRSZ 0FA DRSZ 0F9 DRSZ 0F8 DRSZ 0F7 DRSZ 0F6 DRSZ 0F5 DRSZ 0F4 DRSZ 0F3 DRSZ 0F2 DRSZ 0F1 DRSZ 0F0 C 2 1 0 3 2 1 0 8 7 6 5 JSR JMP JP+32 JP+16 F 0F00-0FFF 0F00-0FFF JSR JMP JP+31 JP+15 E 0E00-0EFF 0E00-0EFF JSR JMP JP+30 JP+14 D 0D00-0DFF 0D00-0DFF JSR JMP JP+29 JP+13 C 0C00-0CFF 0C00-0CFF JSR JMP JP+28 JP+12 B 0B00-0BFF 0B00-0BFF JSR JMP JP+27 JP+11 A 0A00-0AFF 0A00-0AFF JSR JMP JP+26 JP+10 9 0900-09FF 0900-09FF JSR JMP JP+25 JP+9 0800-08FF 0800-08FF JSR JMP JP+24 JP+8 0700-07FF 0700-07FF JSR JMP JP+23 JP+7 0600-06FF 0600-06FF JSR JMP JP+22 JP+6 0500-05FF 0500-05FF JSR JMP JP+21 JP i 5 4 0400-04FF 0500-05FF JSR JMP JP+20 JP+4 0300-03FF 0300-03FF JSR JMP JP+19 JP+3 0200-02FF 0200-02FF JSR JMP JP+18 JP+2 0100-01FF 0100-01FF JSR JMP JP+17 INTR 0000-00FF 0000-00FF 3 Bits 3-0 COP880C Instruction Set (Continued) Most instructions are single byte (with immediate addressing mode instruction taking two bytes). BYTES and CYCLES per INSTRUCTION Most single instructions take one cycle time to execute. Skipped instructions require x number of cycles to be skipped, where x equals the number of bytes in the skipped instruction opcode. The following table shows the number of bytes and cycles for each instruction in the format of byte/cycle. Arithmetic and Logic Instructions [B] Direct Immed. ADD 1/1 3/4 2/2 ADC 1/1 3/4 2/2 SUBC 1/1 3/4 2/2 AND 1/1 3/4 2/2 OR 1/1 3/4 2/2 XOR 1/1 3/4 2/2 IFEQ 1/1 3/4 2/2 IFGT 1/1 3/4 2/2 IFBNE 1/1 DRSZ 1/3 SBIT 1/1 3/4 RBIT 1/1 3/4 IFBIT 1/1 3/4 Memory Transfer Instructions Register Indirect Register Indirect Direct [B] [X] X A, (Note 24) 1/1 1/3 2/3 LD A, (Note 24) 1/1 1/3 2/3 Immed. Auto Incr & Decr [B+, B-] [X+, X-] 1/2 1/3 1/2 1/3 2/2 LD B,Imm 1/1 (If B < 16) LD B,Imm 2/3 (If B > 15) LD Mem,Imm 2/2 3/3 2/2 LD Reg,Imm 2/3 Note 24: = > Memory location addressed by B or X or directly. Instructions Using A & C JMP 2/3 1/3 CLRA 1/1 JP INCA 1/1 JSRL 3/5 DECA 1/1 JSR 2/5 1/3 JID 1/3 1/1 RET 1/5 RRCA 1/1 RETSK 1/5 SWAPA 1/1 RETI 1/5 1/1 INTR 1/7 RC 1/1 NOP 1/1 IFC 1/1 IFNC 1/1 LAID DCORA SC The following table shows the instructions assigned to unused opcodes. This table is for information only. The operations performed are subject to change without notice. Do not use these opcodes. Transfer of Control Instructions JMPL 3/4 21 www.national.com COP880C See the BYTES and CYCLES per INSTRUCTION table for details. Instruction Execution Time COP880C BYTES and CYCLES per INSTRUCTION (Continued) Unused Instruction Opcode Unused * iceMASTER (IM) IN-CIRCUIT EMULATION Instruction The iceMASTER IM-COP8/400 is a full feature, PC based, in-circuit emulation tool developed and marketed by MetaLink Corporation to support the whole COP8 family of products. National is a resale vendor for these products. See Figure 12 for configuration. Opcode 60 NOP A9 NOP 61 NOP AF 62 NOP B1 LD A, [B] C HC 63 NOP B4 NOP 67 NOP B5 NOP 8C RET B7 X A, [X] 99 NOP B9 NOP BF LD A, [X] 9F LD [B], #i A7 X A, [B] A8 NOP The iceMASTER IM-COP8/400 with its device specific COP8 Probe provides a rich feature set for developing, testing and maintaining product: * Real-time in-circuit emulation; full 2.4V-5.5V operation range, full DC-10 MHz clock. Chip options are programmable or jumper selectable. * Direct connection to application board by package compatible socket or surface mount assembly. * Full 32 kbyte of loadable programming space that overlays (replaces) the on-chip ROM or EPROM. On-chip RAM and I/O blocks are used directly or recreated on the probe as necessary. * Full 4k frame synchronous trace memory. Address, instruction, and 8 unspecified, circuit connectable trace lines. Display can be HLL source (e.g., C source), assembly or mixed. * A full 64k hardware configurable break, trace on, trace off control, and pass count increment events. * Tool set integrated interactive symbolic debugger -- supports both assembler (COFF) and C Compiler (.COD) linked object formats. * Real time performance profiling analysis; selectable bucket definition. * Watch windows, content updated automatically at each execution break. * Instruction by instruction memory/register changes displayed on source window when in single step operation. * Single base unit and debugger software reconfigurable to support the entire COP8 family; only the probe personality needs to change. Debugger software is processor customized, and reconfigured from a master model file. * Processor specific symbolic display of registers and bit level assignments, configured from master model file. * * Halt/Idle mode notification. * Includes a copy of COP8-DEV-IBMA assembler and linker SDK. Option List The mask programmable options are listed out below. The options are programmed at the same time as the ROM pattern to provide the user with hardware flexibility to use a variety of oscillator configuration. OPTION 1: CKI INPUT = 1 Crystal (CKI/10) CKO for crystal configuration = 2 External (CKI/10) CKO available as G7 input = 3 R/C (CKI/10) CKO available as G7 input OPTION 2: BONDING = 1 44-Pin PLCC = 2 40-Pin DIP = 3 28-Pin SO = 4 28-Pin DIP The following option information is to be sent to National along with the EPROM. Option Data Option 1 Value__is: CKI Input Option 2 Value__is: COP Bonding Development Support SUMMARY * iceMASTERTM : IM-COP8/400 -- Full feature in-circuit emulation for all COP8 products. A full set of COP8 Basic and Feature Family device and package specific probes are available. * COP8 Debug Module: Moderate cost in-circuit emulation and development programming unit. * COP8 Evaluation and Programming Unit: EPU-COP880C -- low cost In-circuit simulation and development programming unit. * Assembler: COP8-DEV-IBMA. A DOS installable cross development Assembler, Linker, Librarian and Utility Software Development Tool Kit. * C Compiler: COP8C. A DOS installable cross development Software Tool Kit. www.national.com OTP/EPROM Programmer Support: Covering needs from engineering prototype, pilot production to full production environments. 22 On-line HELP customized to specific processor using master model file. (Continued) iceMASTER Probe MHW-880C20DWPC 20 DIP MHW-880C28DWPC 28 DIP MHW-880CJ40DWPC 40 DIP iceMASTER base unit, MHW-880CJ44PWPC 44 PLCC 110V power supply DIP to SO Adapters iceMASTER base unit, MHW-SOIC20 20 SO 220V power supply MHW-SOIC28 28 DIP IM Order Information Base Unit IM-COP8/400-1 IM-COP8/400-2 COP880C Development Support DS010802-24 FIGURE 12. COP8 iceMASTER Environment 23 www.national.com COP880C Development Support (Continued) iceMASTER DEBUG MODULE (DM) The iceMASTER Debug Module is a PC based, combination in-circuit emulation tool and COP8 based OTP/EPROM programming tool developed and marketed by MetaLink Corporation to support the whole COP8 family of products. National is a resale vendor for these products. See Figure 13 for configuration. The iceMASTER Debug Module is a moderate cost development tool. It has the capability of in-circuit emulation for a specific COP8 microcontroller and in addition serves as a programming tool for COP8 OTP and EPROM product families. Summary of features is as follows: * Real-time in-circuit emulation; full operating voltage range operation, full DC-10 MHz clock. * All processor I/O pins can be cabled to an application development board with package compatible cable to socket and surface mount assembly. * * * * * * Full 32 kbyte of loadable programming space that overlays (replaces) the on-chip ROM or EPROM. On-chip RAM and I/O blocks are used directly or recreated as necessary. * Debugger software is processor customized, and reconfigured from a master model file. * Processor specific symbolic display of registers and bit level assignments, configured from master model file. * * Halt/Idle mode notification. * Programming of 44 PLCC and 68 PLCC parts requires external programming. adapters. * * Includes wallmount power supply. * On-line HELP customized to specific processor using master model file. * Includes a copy of COP8-DEV-IBMA assembler and linker SDK. Programming menu supports full product line of programmable OTP and EPROM COP8 products. Program data is taken directly from the overlay RAM. On-board VPP generator from 5V input or connection to external supply supported. Rquires VPP level adjustment per the family programming specification (correct level is provided on an on-screen pop-down display). DM Order Information Debug Model Unit 100 frames of synchronous trace memory. The display can be HLL source (C source), assembly or mixed. The most recent history prior to a break is available in the trace memory. COP8-DM/880C Cable Adapters Configured break points; uses INTR instruction which is modestly intrusive. DM-COP8/20D 20 DIP DM-COP8/28D 28 DIP Software -- only supported features are selectable. DM-COP8/40D 40 DIP Tool set integrated interactive symbolic debugger -- supports both assembler (COFF) and C Compiler (.COD) SDK linked object formats. DM-COP8/44P 44 PLCC DIP to SO Adapters Instruction by instruction memory/register changes displayed when in single step operation. DM-COP8/20D-SO 20 SO DM-COP8/28D-SO 28 SO DS010802-25 FIGURE 13. COP8-DM Environment www.national.com 24 * Tool set integrated interactive symbolic debugger -- supports both assembler (COFF) and C Compiler (.COD) SDK linked object formats. The iceMASTER EPU-COP880C is a PC based, in-circuit simulation tool to support the feature family COP8 products. * Instruction by instruction memory/register changes displayed when in single step operation. See Figure 14 for configuration. * Processor specific symbolic display of registers and bit level assignments, configured from master model file. * Halt/Idle mode notification. Restart requires special handling. * Programming menu supports full product line of programmable OTP and EPROM COP8 products. Only a 40 ZIF socket is available on the EPU unit. Adapters are available for other part package configurations. * Integral wall mount power supply provides 5V and develops the required VPP to program parts. * Includes a copy of COP8-DEV-IBMA assembler, linker SDK. (Continued) iceMASTER EVALUATION PROGRAMMING UNIT (EPU) The simulation capability is a very low cost means of evaluating the general COP8 architecture. In addition, the EPU has programming capability, with added adapters, for programming the whole COP8 product family of OTP and EPROM products. The product includes the following features: * Non-real-time in-circuit simulation. Program overlay memory is PC resident; instructions are downloaded over RS-232 as executed. Approximate performance is 20 kHz. * Includes a 40 pin DIP cable adapter. Other target packages are not supported. All processor I/O pins are cabled to the application development environment. * Full 32 kbyte of loadable programmable space that overlays (replaces) the on-chip ROM or EPROM. On-chip RAM and I/O blocks are used directly or recreated as necessary. * On-chip timer and WATCHDOG execution are not well synchronized to the instruction simulation. * 100 frames of synchronous trace memory. The display can be HLL source (e.g., C source), assembly or mixed. The most recent history prior to a break is available in the trace memory. * Up to eight software configured break points; uses INTR instruction which is modestly intrusive. * Common look-feel debugger software across all MetaLink products -- only supported features are selectable. EPU Order Information Evaluation Programming Unit EPU-COP880C Evaluation Programming Unit with debugger and programmer control software with 40 ZIF programming socket. General Programming Adapters COP8-PGMA-DS 28 and 20 DIP and SOIC adapter COP8-PGMA-DS44P 28 and 20 DIP and SOIC plus 44 PLCC adapter DS010802-26 FIGURE 14. EPU-COP8 Tool Environment 25 www.national.com COP880C Development Support COP880C Development Support COP8 C COMPILER (Continued) A C Compiler is developed and marketed by Byte Craft Limited. The COP8C compiler is a fully integrated development tool specifically designed to support the compact embedded configuration of the COP8 family of products. COP8 ASSEMBLER/LINKER SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOL KIT National Semiconductor offers a relocateable COP8 macro cross assembler, linker, librarian and utility software development tool kit. Features are summarized as follows: Features are summarized as follows: * ANSI C with some restrictions and extensions that optimize development for the COP8 embedded application. * BITS data type extension. Register declaration #pragma with direct bit level definitions. * Basic and Feature Family instruction set by "device" type. * Nested macro capability. * Extensive set of assembler directives. * Supported on PC/DOS platform. * Generates National standard COFF output files. * Integrated Linker and Librarian. * Integrated utilities to generate ROM code file outputs. * DUMPCOFF utility. This product is integrated as a part of MetaLink tools as a development kit, fully supported by the MetaLink debugger. It may be ordered separately or it is bundled with the MetaLink products at no additional cost. * * C language support for interrupt routines. * Performs consistency checks against the architectural definitions of the target COP8 device. * * Generates program memory code. * * Global optimization of linked code. Expert system, rule based code geration and optimization. Supports linking of compiled object or COP8 assembled object formats. Symbolic debug load format fully sourced level supported by the MetaLink debugger. Order Information INDUSTRY WIDE OTP/EPROM PROGRAMMING SUPPORT Programming support, in addition to the MetaLink development tools, is provided by a full range of independent approved vendors to meet the needs from the engineering laboratory to full production. Assembler SDK: COP8-DEV-IBMA Assembler SDK on installable 3.5" PC/DOS Floppy Disk Drive format. Periodic upgrades and most recent version is available on National's BBS and Internet. Approved List Manufacturer North Europe Asia America BP (800) 225-2102 +49-8152-4183 +852-234-16611 Microsystems (713) 688-4600 +49-8856-932616 +852-2710-8121 Fax: (713) 688-0920 Data I/O (800) 426-1045 +44-0734-440011 (206) 881-6444 Call North America Fax: (206) 882-1043 HI-LO (510) 623-8860 Call Asia +886-2-764-0215 Fax: +886-2-756-6403 ICE (800) 624-8949 +44-1226-767404 Technology (919) 430-7915 Fax: 0-1226-370-434 MetaLink (800) 638-2423 +49-80 9156 96-0 (602) 926-0797 Fax: +49-80 9123 86 +852-737-1800 Fax: (602) 693-0681 Systems (408) 263-6667 +41-1-9450300 General Needhams (916) 924-8037 Fax: (916) 924-8065 www.national.com +886-2-917-3005 Fax: +886-2-911-1283 26 DIAL-A-HELPER via FTP (Continued) ftp nscmicro.nsc.com AVAILABLE LITERATURE For more information, please see the COP8 Basic Family User's Manual, Literature Number 620895, COP8 Feature Family User's Manual, Literature Number 620897 and National's Family of 8-bit Microcontrollers COP8 Selection Guide, Literature Number 630009. anonymous password: username @yourhost.site.domain National Semiconductor on the WorldWide Web See us on the WorldWide Web at: http://www.national.com CUSTOMER RESPONSE CENTER Complete product information and technical support is available from National's customer response centers. CANADA/U.S.: EUROPE: DIAL-A-HELPER BBS via a Standard Modem CANADA/U.S.: user: DIAL-A-HELPER via WorldWide Web Browser ftp://nscmicro.nsc.com DIAL-A-HELPER SERVICE Dial-A-Helper is a service provided by the Microcontroller Applications group. The Dial-A-Helper is an Electronic Information System that may be accessed as a Bulletin Board System (BBS) via data modem, as an FTP site on the Internet via standard FTP client application or as an FTP site on the Internet using a standard Internet browser such as Netscape or Mosaic. The Dial-A-Helper system provides access to an automated information storage and retrieval system . The system capabilities include a MESSAGE SECTION (electronic mail, when accessed as a BBS) for communications to and from the Microcontroller Applications Group and a FILE SECTION which consists of several file areas where valuable application software and utilities could be found. Modem: Baud: 14.4k Set-Up: Length: 8-Bit Parity: None Stop Bit: 1 (800)272-9959 support@tevm2.nsc.com email: europe.support@nsc.com Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 180-530 85 85 English Tel: +49 (0) 180-532 78 32 Francais Tel: +49 (0) 180-532 93 58 +49 (0) 180-534 16 80 JAPAN: Tel: +81-043-299-2309 S.E. ASIA: Beijing Tel: (+86) 10-6856-8601 (800) 672-6427 (+49) 0-8141-351332 Tel: email: Italiano Tel: (800) NSC-MICRO EUROPE: Operation: COP880C Development Support Shanghai Tel: (+86) 21-6415-4092 Hong Kong Tel: (+852) 2737-1600 Korea Tel: (+82) 2-3771-6909 Malaysia Tel: (+60-4) 644-9061 Singapore Tel: (+65) 255-2226 Taiwan Tel: +886-2-521-3288 AUSTRALIA: Tel: (+61) 3-9558-9999 INDIA: Tel: (+91) 80-559-9467 24 Hours, 7 Days 27 www.national.com COP880C Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Small Outline Molded Dual-In-Line Package (M) Order Number COP882C-XXX/WM, COP982C-XXX/WM, COP682C-XXX/WM or COP982CH-XXX/WM NS Package Number M20B Small Outline Molded Dual-In-Line Package (M) Order Number COP881C-XXX/WM, COP981C-XXX/WM, COP681C-XXX/WM or COP981CH-XXX/WM NS Package Number M28B www.national.com 28 COP880C Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number COP882C-XXX/N, COP682C-XXX/N, COP982C-XXX/N or COP982CH-XXX/N NS Package Number N20B Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number COP881C-XXX/N, COP681C-XXX/N, COP981C-XXX/N or COP981CH-XXX/N NS Package Number N28B 29 www.national.com COP880C Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number COP880C-XXX/N, COP680C-XXX/N, COP980C-XXX/N or COP980CH-XXX/N NS Package Number N40A Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (V) Order Number COP880C-XXX/V, COP680C-XXX/V, COP980C-XXX/V or COP980CH-XXX/V NS Package Number V44A www.national.com 30 COP880C Microcontrollers Notes LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Email: support@nsc.com www.national.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: europe.support@nsc.com Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Francais Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: ap.support@nsc.com National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.