MOTOROLA SC (TELECOM) MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTOR ooo TECHNICAL DATA Programmable Precision References The TL431, A, B integrated circuits are three-terminal programmable shunt regulator diodes. These monolithic IC voltage references operate as a low temperature coefficient zener which is programmable from Vref to 36 V with two external resistors. These devices exhibit a wide operating current range of 1.0 mA to 100 mA with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 Q. The characteristics of these references make them excellent replacements for zener diodes in many applications such as digital voltmeters, power supplies, and op amp circuitry. The 2.5 V reference makes it convenient to obtain a stable reference from 5.0 V logic supplies, and since the TL431, A, B operates as a shunt regulator, it can be used as either a positive or negative voltage reference. Programmable Output Voltage ta 36 V Voltage Reference Tolerance: + 0.4%, Typ @ 25C (TL431B) Low Dynamic Output Impedance, 0.22 Typical Sink Current Capability of 1.0 mA to 100 mA Equivalent Full-Range Temperature Coefficient of 50 ppm/C Typical Temperature Compensated for Operation over Full Rated Operating Temperature Range @ Low Output Noise Voltage e*e%eee8e SYMBOL FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM Cathode Reference ( (A) Reference (F) Anode (A) INTERNAL SCHEMATIC Component values are nominal Cathode (K) Reference (R) 7 84 | > Anode (A) BSE D MMB 6367253 008622) 433 MMOTS TL431, A, B Series PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION REFERENCES SILICON MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT LP SUFFIX CASE 29 (TO-92) Pin 1. Reference 2. Anode 1 3. Cathode 2 P SUFFIX 8 PLASTIC PACKAGE : CASE 626 Cathode [1 | Nc. [2] NC. [3] | 6 | Anode Nc. [4] [5] N.C. {Top View) | 8 | Reference N.C. JG SUFFIX i CERAMIC PACKAGE = 8 CASE 693 1 Cathode [1 | | 8 | Reference {8 L Anode [3 | 6 | nc. [4] [5 | N.C. (Top View} Anode . s 1 D SUFFIX PLASTIC PACKAGE CASE 751 (SOP-8) ORDERING INFORMATION Temperature Range Device TL O to + 70C TL431CJG Ceramic 40 to + 85C TL431G TL431MJG Ceramic 55 to + 125C MOTOROLA LINEAR/INTERFACE ICs DEVICE DATA 5-17MOTOROLA SC (TELECOM) LSE D MM 6367253 O08beee 37T MMNOTS TL431, A, B Series MAXIMUM RATINGS (Full operating ambient temperature range applies, unless otherwise noted.) Rating Symbol! Value Unit Cathode to Anade Voltage VKA 37 Vv Cathode Current Range, Cantinuous lk 100 to +150 mA Reference Input Curent Range, Continuous lret 0.05 to +10 mA Operating Junction Temperature Ty 150 C Operating Ambient Temperature Range Ta C TL431M 55 to +125 TL431/, TL431Al, TL431 BI 40 to +85 TL431C, TL431AC, TL431BC 0 to +70 Storage Temperature Range Tstg 65 to +150 C Total Power Dissipation @ Ta = 25C Pp Ww Derate above 25C Ambient Temperature D, LP Suffix Plastic Package 0.70 P Suffix Plastic Package 1.10 JG Suffix Ceramic Package 1.25 Total Power Dissipation @ Tc = 25C Pp Ww Derate above 25C Case Temperature D, LP Suffix Plastic Package 1.5 P Suffix Plastic Package 3.0 JG Suffix Ceramic Package 3.3 RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Condition/Value Symbol Min Max Unit Cathode to Anode Voltage VKA Vref 36 Vv Cathode Current Ik 1.0 100 mA THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS D, LP Suffix P Suffix JG Suffix Characteristics Symbol Package Package Package Unit Thermal Resistance, Junction to Ambient RaJA 178 114 100 CW Thermai Resistance, Junction to Case Resc 83 41 38 SC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ambient temperature at 25C, unless otherwise noted.) | TL431M TL4311 TL431C Characteristics Symbol | Min | Typ | Max | Min | Typ | Max | Min | Typ | Max | Unit Reference Input Voltage (Figure 1) Vret v VKA = Vret. IK = 10 mA Ta = +25C 2.44 | 2.495 | 2.55 | 2.44 | 2.495 | 2.55 | 2.44 | 2.495 | 2.55 Ta = Tlow to Thigh (Note 1) 2.396; |2.594] 241 | | 258 |2423/ | 2.567 Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over AVret _ 15 44 _ 7.0 30 > 3.0 17 mv Temperature Range (Figure 1, Notes 1, 2, 4) VKA = Vref. IK = 10 mA Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage AVret mviVv to Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage AVKA Ik = 10 MA (Figure 2), AVKA = 10 V to Vat | -14 )-2.7 | | -14 )-2.7 | | -1.4 | -27 AVKA = 36 V to 10 V _- -1.0 | -2.0 _ -1.0 | -2.0 _ -1.0 | -2.0 Reference Input Current (Figure 2) lref HA Ik =10 mA, R1 = 10k, R2 = 00 Ta = +25C _ 18 | 40 | 18 | 40 | 18 | 40 TA = Tlow to Thigh (Note 1) 7 | 70 | | 65 | | | 52 Reference Input Current Deviation Over Alret _ 1.0 3.0 _ 0.8 25 _ 0.4 1.2 pA Temperature Range (Figure 2, Note 1, 4) Ik = 10 mA, R1 = 10k, R2 = 0 Minimum Cathode Current For Regulation Imin _ 0.5 1.0 _ 0.5 1.0 _ 0.5 1.0 mA VKA = Vret (Figure 1) Off-State Cathode Current (Figure 3) loft _ 2.6 | 1000} 2.6 | 1000 | 2.6 | 1000 | nA VKA = 36 V, Vref =0V Dynamic Impedance (Figure 1, Note 3) Zeal | 022 | 05 | 022] 05 | 0.22 | 05 Qa VIKA = Vref: AIK = 1.0 mA ta 100 mA f< 1.0 kHz MOTOROLA LINEAR/INTERFACE ICs DEVICE DATA 5-18TL431, A, B Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ambient temperature at 25C, unless otherwise noted.) | MOTOROLA SC (TELECOM) BSE D WM 6367253 O08be223 20b MMOTS TL431Al TL431AC TL431B Characteristics Symbol | Min | Typ | Max | Min | Typ | Max { Min Typ | Max | Unit Reference Input Voltage (Figure 1) Vref v VKA = Vret, IK = 10 mA Ta = +25C 247 | 2.495 | 2.52 | 2.47 | 2.495 | 2.52 _ _ _ Ta = Tlow t0 Thigh 2.44 | 2.55 [2.453 | | 2.537 | 2.476 | 2.495 | 2.515 Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over AVref _ 7.0 30 _ 3.0 17 _ 3 17 mV Temperature Range (Figure 1, Notes 1, 2, 4) VKA = Vref. Iq = 10 mA Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage AVret mv to Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage AVKA I = 10 mA (Figure 2), AVKA = 10 V to Vref |-14)-27) | -14 | 27 | | 14 | -27 AVKA = 36 V to 10 V _ -1.0 | -2.0 _ -1.0 | -2.0 _ -1.0 | -2.0 Reference Input Current (Figure 2) het yA Ik =10 mA, R1 = 10k, R2 =e Ta = +25C |18 | 40 | | 18 | 40 | | 16 | 3.0 Ta = Tiow 10 Thigh (Note 1) );-}65 | | | 52 f | | 40 Reference Input Current Deviation Over Alret _ 08 25 _ 0.4 1.2 _ 0.4 12 HA Temperature Range (Figure 2, Note 1) Sk = 10 mA, R1 = 10k, R2 = 0 Minimum Cathode Current For Regulation Imin _ 0.5 1.0 _ 0.5 1.0 _ 0.5 1.0 mA Vica = Vret (Figure 1) Off-State Cathode Current (Figure 3} loft _ 2.6 | 1000 | 2.6 |}1000] 0.23 | 0.5 nA Vika = 36 V, Vret = OV Dynamic Impedance (Figure 1, Note 3) Rxal 0.22 | 05 _ 0.22 | 05 _- 0.14 | 0.3 Q VKA = Vref. AIK = 1.0 mA to 100 mA t<1.0 KHz Note 1: Tlow = 55C for TL431MG Thigh = +125C for TL431MJG = 40C for TL431AIP TL431AILP, TL43 IP, TL431ILP, = +85C for TL431AIP, TL431 AILP, TL431 IP, TL431ILP, TL431NG TL431WG = 0C for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431CP, TL431CLP, = +70C for TL431ACP, TL431ACLP, TL431CP, TL431CJG, TL431CD, TL431ACD TL431CLP, TL431CJG, TL431CD, TL431ACD Note 2: The deviation parameter AV,efis defined as the difference between . oo. the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full operating am- Figure 1. Test Circuit for VKA = Vref bient temperature range that applies. Input O# O Vig, a | Vrepmax J" ~~ AVyet = Veet max y K a Veet min | Veeg min | STy=T2-Ty Veet Tp x + T 5 Ambient Temperature The average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, @ Vrat. is defined as: Figure 2. Test Circuit for VK a > Vret { AVret \ 108 Input -o VKA oo \ a Ve PPM _ eet @28 ore A Vret x 108 BI? gy LH ret og = ATA ~ ATA (Vret @ 25C) > 4 ot Vref canbe positive ornegative depending on whether Vref Min or ms \ Vref Max occurs at the lower ambient temeperature. (Refer to f RI Figure 6.) tL Vea=Vret \ 1+ po | + hefe Rt Example: A Vret = 8.0 mV and slape is positive, Viet ~ Vret @ 25C =2.495 V, A Ta = 70C 0.008 x 10 . ot Vref = 702.495) = 45.8 pom/C Figure 3. Test Circuit for loff Note 3: AVKA Input O~# O Via The dynamic impedance Za is defined akZkal =e lott K L When the device is programmedwith two external resistors, R1 and | R2, (refer to Figure 2) the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is de- fined as: Ri \ P I2ka'l = IZkal (1+ 55 | 1 \ Re ; = MOTOROLA LINEAR/INTERFACE ICs DEVICE DATA 5-19MOTOROLA SC (TELECOM) b5E D MM 6367253 O08b2e4 142 MENOTS TL431, A, B Series Figure 4. Cathode Current versus Figure 5. Cathode Current versus Cathode Voltage Cathode Voltage 800 ViA = Vret VKA = Viet =z Ta = 25C = Ty = 25C = Input : VKA = 600 | Input VKA 5 ' IK 5 t Ik & a s & 400 Oo ~ we oO 8 3 = 2 200 S 5 = = 0 -200 -2.0 -1.0 0 10 2.0 3.0 ~1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 Via. CATHODE VOLTAGE (V) Vika, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V) = Figure 6. Reference Input Voltage versus Figure 7. Reference Input Current versus Ambient Temperature Ambient Temperature 2 2600 input VKA =< = 2580 bk Vien = = w KA= rel Vret Max = 2550 mV BE = 2560} Vet K=10mA i a = S 2640 sy s zc La] 3 @ 720 Viet Typ = 2495 mV = = m 2 2500 ref iP 4 2 8 Ww Z 2480 Sg Ik = 10 mA c Ww O ti 2460 oh 2440 re oy ti = 2420 | 3 2400 55 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 55 -25 0 25 50 75 100125 Tq, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C) Ta. AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 8. Change in Reference Input Figure 9. Off-State Cathode Current Voltage versus Cathode Voltage versus Ambient Temperature = 0 T =< 1k = ik =10mA = g Ta = 25C a 100 8 -8.0 ~~ = a > a Go 5 ~ a 10 = mM z LL we 18F input o-mpo V & Vka = 36 oO Pp KA = | a L RI Hk 1.0 i Vet=0V [4 & Input VKA wo t hs E A 4 lot ui -24P R23 y, Aa x tef oy wo -| $ | } 6 L = L 5 = ~82 + ~ 0.04 ! ! 0 10 20 30 40 -55 -25 0 25 50 75 100125 Vika, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V) Ta, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (C) MOTOROLA LINEAR/INTERFACE ICs DEVICE DATA 5-20____ MOTOROLA SC (TELECOM) bSE D MM 6367253 O08beeS 0859 MEMOTS TL431, A, B Series Figure 10. Dynamic Impedance versus Frequency ~ Ta = 26C a Al = 1.0 mA to 100 mA 4 1.0k z Output a 41k wi 50. fF = Gnd g = =< z a 3 N 0.1 1.0k 10k 100k 1.0M 10M {, FREQUENCY (MHz) Figure 12. Open-Loop Voltage Gain versus Frequency Ik=10mA Ty = 25C e Output 15k 4 230 aguF {Fa 6 8.25k 4 AVOL OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 1.0K 10k 100k 1.0M 10M {, FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 14. Pulse Response Ta = 25C 3.0 Input f_\ Monitor Outout Output z 220 eS S 2.0 g 0 j 2 = 10 o w L Gnd zy | | | | g La SSS a 5.0 Input | | 0 4.0 8.0 12 16 20 t, TIME (1s) IZkal, DYNAMIG IMPEDANCE {0} Figure 11. Dynamic Impedance versus Ambient Temperature 0.320 T T T Vv KA = Vret 0.300 Aly = 1.0 mA to 100 mA < 1.0 kHz L 0.260 o2a0 N \ \ ZO 0.240 0.220 0.200 5-25 % 80 7 100 125 Ta, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE {C) Figure 13. Spectral Noise Density QR S Vika = Ik =10 Ta = 25C input Output + Ik NOISE VOLTAGE (nV/-V Hz) & 8 10 100 1.0k 10k 100 k f, FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 15. Stability Boundary Conditions 140 A Via = Viet B VKa=5.0V@Ik= 10 mA 120) C Vyq=10V @ I =10mA D VKA=15V @ Ik= 10 mA 100] T= 25C 80 60 40 Ik, CATHODE CURRENT (mA) 20 0 100 pF 1000 pF 0.01 pF 0.1 LF 1.0 uF 10 uF C_, LOAD CAPACITANCE MOTOROLA LINEAR/INTERFACE ICs DEVICE DATA 5-21bSE D MM 6367253 OO8becb TLS MEMOTS C (TELECOM) MOTOROLA S TL431, A, B Series Figure 16. Test Circuit for Curve A Figure-17. Test Circuit for Curves B, C, and D of Stability Boundary Conditions of Stability Boundary Conditions 150 150 it | Ikt tox | q 4 4 q V+ 4 T CL V+ [ - CL | | ___4 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Figure 18. Shunt Regulator Figure 19. High Current Shunt Regulator V+Ovws Vout V+ Vout | a At | T R2 | oO R2 / \ Ri Vout= (1+ a5} Veet ; a Vout= \1+ a} Veet Figure 20. Output Control for a Figure 21. Series Pass Regulator Three-Terminal Fixed Regulator Ve Vout MC7805 Ri V+O- In Out Vout Common > Ai : i [ R2 Re oO __4 oO {Rt At Vout = (it Ro Vref Vout= (1+ Bo} Vret / Vout Min = Vref + Vbe Vout Min = Vref +5.0 V Figure 22. Constant Current Source Figure 23. Constant Current Sink les R + sink Ve et lout { i $ sink = te Viet * lout = st E out RCL Rg MOTOROLA LINEAR/INTERFACE ICs DEVICE DATA 5-22MOTOROLA SC (TELECOM) bSE D MB 6367253 O08bee? 951] MEMOTS TL431, A, B Series Figure 24. TRIAC Crowbar Figure 25. SCR Crowbar Ve Vout ViO-S "1p Vout Ri Al 5 R2 R2 o1 f \ Rt Vouttria) = {14 a5} Veet Loa Vout{trip) = iu + Rp } Veet Figure 26. Voltage Monitor Figure 27. Single-Supply Comparator with Temperature-Compensated Threshold V+ f ot LE.O. indicator is on when V+ is between the Vth = Vref Vi upper and lower timits. in Vout < Veet V+ > Vret FY 2.0V ay (y, BUY Lower Limit= 1+ -p5 ) Vret \ Upper Limit = (1 + a Viet Figure 28. Linear Ohmmeter Figure 29. Simple 400 mW Phono Amplifier ue aBv 1NS305 42.0mA T\=330 108.00 0 5.0k L, 10k Tt 1% Calibrate 800 t , 360k O25V 10k * v *oVout *Thermalloy -5.0V THM 6024 Rx 0 Heatsink on LP Ry =Vour Range Package + Vv MOTOROLA LINEAR/INTERFACE ICs DEVICE DATA 5-23MOTOROLA SC (TELECOM) bSE D MM 6367253 O0&be2S 898 BBMOTS TL431, A, B Series Figure 30. High Efficiency Step-Down Switching Converter 150H @ 2.0A Vin = 10V to 20V TIP115 Arr. . 0 Vout = 5.0V lout = 1.0A 1N5823 =) A +] 0.01pF 100k TP 2200nF | * 470uF 5ik o + oo Test Conditions Results Line Regulation | Vin=10V to20V,Ig=1.0A | 53mV (1.1%) Load Regulation | Vin =15V,!Q =0A to1.0A 25mV (0.5%) Output Ripple Vin =10V, Ig =1.0A4 50 mVp-p P.A.R.D. Output Ripple Vin =20V, IQ=1.0A 100 MVp-p PA.R.D. Efficiency Vin = 18 V, Ip =1.0A 82% MOTOROLA LINEAR/INTERFACE !Cs DEVICE DATA 5-24