MT9V125IA7XTC-DR1 - ON SEMICONDUCTOR

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Features

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 1©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015

1/4-Inch System-On-A-Chip (SOC) VGA

NTSC and PAL CMOS Digital Image Sensor

MT9V125 Datasheet, Rev. V

For the latest datasheet revision, please visit www.onsemi.com

Features

• System-on-a-chip (SOC)—completely integrated

camera system

• NTSC and PAL (true two field) analog composite

video output

• Low power, interlaced scan CMOS image sensor

• ITU-R BT.656 parallel output (8-bit, interlaced)

• Serial LVDS data output

• Supports use of external devices for addition of

custom overlay graphics

• Superior low-light performance

• On-chip image flow processor (IFP) performs

sophisticated processing

• Color recovery and correction, sharpening, gamma,

lens shading correction, and on-the-fly defect

correction

• Automatic Features:

Auto exposure (AE), auto white balance (AWB), auto

black reference (ABR), auto flicker avoidance, auto

color saturation, and auto defect identification and

correction

•Simple two-wire serial programming interface

Applications

• Automotive

–Rear view camera

–Side mirror replacement

–Blind spot view

–Occupant monitoring

• Security cameras

• Consumer video products

Data Sheet Applicable To

Silicon Revision: Rev4

Notes: 1. Measured at 2.8 V, 30 fps, 25°C

Table 1: Key Performance Parameters

Parameter Typical Value

Optical format 1/4-inch (4:3)

Active imager size 3.63 mm (H) x 2.78 mm (V)

4.57 mm diagonal

Active pixels 640H x 480V

NTSC output 720H x 486V

PAL output 720H x 576V

Pixel size 5.6 m x 5.6 m

Color filter array RGB paired Bayer pattern

Shutter type Electronic rolling shutter

(ERS)

Maximum data rate/

master clock

13.5 Mp/s

27 MHz

Frame rate (VGA 640H x 480V) 30 fps at 27 MHz (NTSC)

25 fps at 27 MHz (PAL)

Integration time 16 μs–33 ms (NTSC)

16 μs–40 ms (PAL)

ADC resolution 10-bit, on-chip

Responsivity 5 V/lux-sec (550nm)

Pixel dynamic range 70 dB

SNRMAX 39 dB

Supply voltage

I/O digital 2.5–3.1 V

(2.8 V nominal)

Core digital 2.5–3.1 V

(2.8 V nominal)

Analog 2.5–3.1 V

(2.8 V nominal)

Power

consumption1

Operating 320 mW

Standby 0.56 mW

Operating temperature –40°C to +85°C (functional

to +105°C)

Package 52-Ball iBGA

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 2©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Ordering Information

Table 2: Available Part Numbers

Part Number Product Description Orderable Product Atribute Description

MT9V125IA7XTC-DR VGA 1/4" SOC Dry Pack without Protective Film

MT9V125IA7XTC-DR1 VGA 1/4" SOC Dry Pack Single Tray without Protective Film

MT9V125IA7XTC-TR VGA 1/4" SOC Tape & Reel without Protective Film

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 3©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Table of Contents

Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Functional Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Typical Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Ball Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Detailed Architecture Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Sensor Core Modes and Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Modes and Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Package and Die Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Appendix A: Serial Bus Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Appendix B–Sensor Core Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 4©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

List of Figures

Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Figure 2: Typical Usage Configuration with Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Figure 3: Typical Configuration Without Use of Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Figure 4: 52-Ball iBGA Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Figure 5: Sensor Core Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Figure 6: Pixel Array Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Figure 7: Image Capture Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Figure 8: Pixel Color Pattern Detail (top right corner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Figure 9: Spatial Illustration of Image Readout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Figure 10: IFP Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Figure 11: AWB Measurement Window (Maximum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Figure 12: AWB Adjusted Window Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Figure 13: MT9V125 in Analog Composite Video Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Figure 14: MT9V125 in Sensor Stand-Alone Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Figure 15: MT9V125 in Overlay Output Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Figure 16: Six Pixels in Normal and Column Mirror Readout Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Figure 17: Six Rows in Normal and Row Mirror Readout Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

Figure 18: LINE_VALID Formats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Figure 19: Integration Window of Each Sensor Row for NTSC Mode (Interlaced Readout) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Figure 20: Single-Ended Termination—SMPTE Compliant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Figure 21: Single-Ended Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Figure 22: Differential Connection—SMPTE-Compliant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Figure 23: Differential Connection—Grounded Terminations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Figure 24: Differential Connection—Floating Termination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Figure 25: LVDS Serial Output Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Figure 26: CCIR656 8-Bit Parallel Interface Format for 525/60 (625/50) Video Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Figure 27: Typical CCIR656 Vertical Blanking Intervals for 525/60 Video System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Figure 28: Typical CCIR656 Vertical Blanking Intervals for 625/50 Video System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Figure 29: Parallel Input Data Timing Waveform Using DIN_CLK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Figure 30: Parallel Input Data Timing Waveform Using the EXTCLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Figure 31: Primary Clock Relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Figure 32: Typical I/O Equivalent Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Figure 33: LVDS and NTSC Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Figure 34: Digital Output I/O Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Figure 35: 52-Ball iBGA Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Figure 36: WRITE Timing to R0x009—Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Figure 37: READ Timing From R0x009; Returned Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Figure 38: WRITE Timing to R0x009—Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Figure 39: READ Timing From R0x009; Returned Value 0x0284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Figure 40: Serial Host Clock Period and Duty Cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Figure 41: Serial Host Interface Start Condition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Figure 42: Serial Host Interface Stop Condition Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Figure 43: Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Figure 44: Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Figure 45: Acknowledge Signal Timing after an 8-bit Write to the Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Figure 46: Acknowledge Signal Timing after an 8-bit Read from the Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Figure 47: Typical Signal to Noise Ratio as a function of Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Figure 48: Typical Spectral Characteristic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 5©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

List of Tables

Table 1: Key Performance Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Table 2: Available Part Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Table 3: Ball Descriptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Table 4: Readout Mode Register Settings – DOUT Not Qualified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Table 5: MT9V125 Readout Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Table 6: Readout Mode Register Settings – DOUT Qualified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Table 7: Register Address Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Table 8: Blanking Minimum Values (in sensor stand-alone mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Table 9: LVDS Packet Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Table 10: Serial Output Data Timing Values (for EXTCLK = 27 MHz). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Table 11: Field, Vertical Blanking, EAV, and SAV States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Table 12: Field, Vertical Blanking, EAV, and SAV States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Table 13: Parallel Input Data Timing Values Using DIN_CLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Table 14: Parallel Input Data Timing Values Using EXTCLK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Table 15: STANDBY Effect on the Output State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Table 16: Signal State During Standby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47

Table 17: Output Data Ordering in DOUT RGB Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Table 18: Output Data Ordering in Sensor Stand-Alone Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Table 19: Data Ordering in LVDS Serial Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Table 20: Digital Output I/O Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Table 21: Electrical Characteristics and Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Table 22: Video DAC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

Table 23: Digital I/O Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Table 24: Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Table 25: NTSC Signal Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Table 26: Two-Wire Interface ID Address Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Table 27: MT9V125 Rev4 Imager Sensor Core Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 6©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

General Description

The ON Semiconductor MT9V125 is a VGA-format, single-chip camera CMOS active-

pixel digital image sensor. It captures high-quality color images at VGA resolution and

outputs NTSC or PAL interlaced composite video.

This VGA CMOS image sensor features ON Semiconductor’s breakthrough technology—

a low-noise CMOS imaging technology that achieves CCD image quality (based on

signal-to-noise ratio and low-light sensitivity) while maintaining the inherent size, cost,

low-power, and integration advantages of CMOS.

The sensor is a complete camera-on-a-chip solution. It incorporates sophisticated

camera functions on-chip and is programmable through a simple two-wire serial inter-

face.

The MT9V125 performs sophisticated processing functions including color recovery,

color correction, sharpening, programmable gamma correction, auto black reference

clamping, auto exposure, automatic 50/60Hz flicker avoidance, lens shading correction,

auto white balance (AWB), and on-the-fly defect identification and correction.

The MT9V125 outputs interlaced-scan images at 30 or 25 fps, supporting both NTSC and

PAL video formats.

The image data can be output on any one of three output ports:

• Composite analog video (support for both single-ended and differential-ended)

• Low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS)

• Parallel 8-bit digital

Functional Overview

The MT9V125 is a fully-automatic, single-chip camera, requiring only a single power

supply, lens, and clock source for basic operation. Output video is streamed through the

chosen output port. The MT9V125 internal registers are configured using a two-wire

serial interface.

The device can be put into a low-power sleep mode by asserting STANDBY and shutting

down the clock. Output signals can be tri-stated. Both tri-stating output signals and

entry into standby mode can be achieved through two-wire serial interface register

writes.

The MT9V125 requires an input clock of 27 MHz to support correct NTSC or PAL timing.

Internal Architecture

Internally, the MT9V125 consists of a sensor core and an image flow processor (IFP). The

sensor core captures raw images that are then input into the IFP. The IFP is divided in

two sections: the color pipe and the camera controller. The color pipe section processes

the incoming stream to create interpolated, color-corrected output, and the camera

controller section controls the sensor core to maintain the desired exposure and color

balance.

The IFP scales the image and an integrated video encoder generates either NTSC or PAL

analog composite output. The MT9V125 supports three different output ports: analog

composite video out, LVDS serial out, and parallel data out.

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 7©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Functional Overview

Figure 1 shows the major functional blocks of the MT9V125. Figure 2 demonstrates an

MT9V125 usage scenario. A DSP takes the MT9V125’s image output, overlays text, and

feeds the resulting image back to the MT9V125 to be output as NTSC or PAL.

Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram

Figure 2: Typical Usage Configuration with Overlay

Notes: 1. The DSP shown is an external device; it is not part of the MT9V125.

SRAM

Line Buffers

Image Flow Processor

Colorpipe

Image Flow Processor

Camera Control

Image Data

Control Bus

Pixel Data

SCLK

SDATA

EXTCLK

STANDBY

VDD / DGND

V AA / AGND

VAAPIX

Lens shading correction

Color interpolation

Defect correction

Color correction

Gamma correction

Color conversion + formatting

Auto exposure

Auto white balance

Flicker detect/avoid

D OUT[7:0]

PIXCLK

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

Control Bus

Sensor control

(gains, shutter, etc.)

Sensor Core

640H x 480V

1/4-inch optical format

True interlaced readout

Auto black compensation

Programmable analog gain

Programmable exposure

10-bit ADC

Control Bus

NTSC and PAL

Encoder

and DAC

LVDS Formatter

and Driver

LVDS_OUT_POS

LVDS_OUT_NEG

DAC_OUT_POS

DAC_OUT_NEG

DIN[7:0]

DIN_CLK

Horizontal interpolator

DSP

MT9V125

Parallel

Digital

Signal With

Overlay

(CCIR 656)

NTSC or PAL Composite Analog Output with Overlay

[7:0]

DOUT[7:0]

DIN_CLK

Parallel

Digital

(CCIR 656)

PIXCLK

27 MHz

Oscillator

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 8©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Typical Connections

Figure 3 shows a detailed MT9V125 device configuration. For low-noise operation, the

MT9V125 requires separate analog and digital power supplies. Incoming digital and

analog ground conductors can be tied together next to the die.

Power supply voltages VAA (the primary analog voltage) and VAAPIX (the main voltage to

the pixel array) should be decoupled from ground with an LC filter. The MT9V125

requires a single external voltage supply level.

Figure 3: Typical Configuration Without Use of Overlay

Notes: 1. MT9V125 STANDBY can be connected directly to the customer’s ASIC controller or to DGND, depend-

ing on the controller’s capability.

2. A 1.5K resistor value is recommended, but may be greater for slower two-wire speed (for exam-

ple, 100 KB/sec).

3. LVDS_ENABLE must be tied HIGH if LVDS is to be used.

4. Pull down DAC_REF with a 2.8K resistor for 1.0V peak-to-peak video output.

5. VAA and VAAPIX must be tied to the same potential for proper operation.

6. Low pass filter (3dB attenuation at 4.2 MHz).

GND

0.1µF

GND

1µF

VAAPIX

1µF

GND

0.1µF 1µF

Power

1.5kΩ

DATA

SCLK

RESET_BAR

LVDS_ENABLE

FRAME_VALID

PIXCLK

LINE_VALID

OUT

[7:0]

EXTCLK

ADDR

STANDBY1

1kΩ

GND

VAAPIX

Two-Wire

Serial Interface

Master Clock

STANDBY from

Controller

or Digital GND

PEDESTAL

NTSC_PAL_SELECT

HORIZ_FLIP

DAC_NEG

DAC_POS

LVDS_NEG

LVDS_POS

DAC_REF

75Ω

2.8kΩ

[7:0]

DIN_CLK

OUT

_LSB[1:0]

RSVD

75Ω

75Ω Terminated Receiver

DAC

Power

PLL

Power

DAC

PLL

Low Pass Filter

VAAPIX

Power

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Ball Assignments

Figure 4 shows the location of the balls and their corresponding signals on the MT9V125.

The 12 balls in the middle of the package are unconnected.

Figure 4: 52-Ball iBGA Assignment

Table 3: Ball Descriptions

Ball

Assignment Name Type Description

F1 EXTCLK Input Master clock in sensor.

G1 RESET_BAR Input Active LOW: asynchronous reset.

G3 SADDR Input Two-wire serial interface device ID selection 1:0xBA, 0:0x90.

G4 RSVD Input Must be attached to DGND. G4

G2 SCLK Input Two-wire serial interface clock.

F2 STANDBY Input Multifunctional signal to control device addressing, power-down, and

state functions (covering output enable function).

G5 HORIZ_FLIP Input If “0” at reset: Default horizontal setting.

If “1” at reset: Flips the image readout format in the horizontal direction.

H3 NTSC_PAL_SELECT Input If “0” at reset: Default NTSC mode.

If “1” at reset: Default PAL mode.

H5 PEDESTAL Input If “0” at reset: Does not add pedestal to composite video output.

If “1” at reset: Adds pedestal to composite video output.

Valid for NTSC only, pull LOW for PAL operation.

Top View

(Ball Down)

DAC

_REF

DGND

H VDD

VDD

VDD VDD

DIN5

DIN7

DIN3

DIN2 DIN0

DIN1

DIN4

DIN6

DGND

AGND

SDATA

DOUT5 DOUT3 DOUT1

DOUT0

DOUT2

DOUT4

DOUT6

DOUT7

VDD

DAC

_NEG

VAAPIX

HORIZ

_FLIP

RSVD

SADDR

SCLK

RESET

_BAR

NTSC

_PAL_

SELECT

LVDS_

ENABLE PEDESTAL VAA

DAC

_POS

DOUT

_LSB1

DOUT

_LSB0

LVDS

_POS

LVDS

_NEG

PIXCLK

VDDPLL

LINE_

VALID

STANDBY

EXT

CLK

DIN

_CLK

FRAME_

VALID

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Ball Assignments

Notes: 1. ALL power pins (VDD/VDDDAC/VDDPLL/VAA/VAAPIX) must be connected to 2.8V

(nominal). Power pins cannot be floated.

2. ALL ground pins (AGND/DGND) must be connected to ground. Ground pins cannot be floated.

3. Inputs are not tolerant to signal voltages above 3.1V.

4. All unused inputs must be tied to GND or VDD.

5. VAA and VAAPIX must be tied to the same potential for proper operation.

H4 LVDS_ENABLE Input Active HIGH: Enables the LVDS output port. Must be HIGH if LVDS is to be

used.

A2,B1,B2,C1,

C2,D2,E2,D1

DIN[7:0] Input External data input port selectable at video encoder input.

E1 DIN_CLK Input DIN capture clock. (This clock must be synchronous to EXTCLK.)

H2 SDATA Input/Output Two-wire serial interface data I/O.

F7,E7,B3,A3,

B4,A4,B5,A5

DOUT[7:0] Output Pixel data output DOUT7 (most significant bit [MSB]), DOUT0 (least

significant bit [LSB]). Data output [9:2] in sensor stand-alone mode

C7 DOUT_LSB0 Output Sensor stand-alone mode output 0—typically left unconnected for normal

SOC operation.

D7 DOUT_LSB1 Output Sensor stand-alone mode output 1—typically left unconnected for normal

SOC operation.

B7 FRAME_VALID Output Active HIGH: FRAME_VALID (FV); indicates active frame.

A6 LINE_VALID Output Active HIGH: LINE_VALID (LV); indicates active pixel.

B6 PIXCLK Output Pixel clock output.

F8 DAC_POS Output Positive video DAC output in differential mode.

Video DAC output in single-ended mode.

G7 DAC_NEG Output Negative video DAC output in differential mode. Tie to GND in single-

ended mode

H8 DAC_REF Output External reference resistor for video DAC.

B8 LVDS_POS Output LVDS positive output.

C8 LVDS_NEG Output LVDS negative output.

F6 AGND Supply Analog ground.

C3,C6,D8,F3,H7 DGND Supply Digital ground.

H6 VAA Supply Analog power: 2.5–3.1V (2.8V nominal).

G6 VAAPIX Supply Pixel array analog power supply: 2.5–3.1V (2.8V nominal).

A1,A8,E8,H1 VDD Supply Digital power: 2.5–3.1V (2.8V nominal).

G8 VDDDAC Supply DAC power: 2.5–3.1V (2.8V nominal).

A7 VDDPLL Supply LVDS PLL power: 2.5–3.1V (2.8V nominal).

Table 3: Ball Descriptions (continued)

Ball

Assignment Name Type Description

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Sensor Core

The sensor consists of a pixel array of 695 x 512, an analog readout chain, a 10-bit ADC

with programmable gain and black offset, and timing and control as illustrated in

Figure 5.

Figure 5: Sensor Core Block Diagram

Pixel Array Structure

The sensor core pixel array is configured as 695 columns by 512 rows, as shown in

Figure 6. The first 42 columns and the first 13 rows of pixels are optically black, and can

be used to monitor the black level. The last four columns and the last row of pixels are

also optically black.

Figure 6: Pixel Array Description

Communication

Bus

to IFP

10-Bit Data

to IFP

Sync

Signals

Clock

Control Register

Analog Processing

Active Pixel

Sensor (APS)

Array Timing and Control

ADC

8 + 2 active border rows

1 black row

13 black rows

42 black columns

4 black columns

8 active border rows

4 active border columns

4+1 active border columns

Active paired Bayer pixel array

640 x 480

no horizontal/vertical flip

(not to scale)

Pixel logical address = (694, 511)

Pixel logical address = (0, 0)

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

The black row data are used internally for the automatic black level adjustment.

However, these black rows can also be read out by setting the sensor to raw data output

mode.

There are 649 columns by 498 rows of optically-active pixels that include a pixel

boundary around the VGA (640 x 480) image to avoid boundary effects during color

interpolation and correction.

The one additional active column and two additional active rows are used to enable

horizontally and vertically mirrored readout to start on the same color pixel.

Figure 7 illustrates the process of capturing the image. The original scene is flipped and

mirrored by the sensor optics. Sensor readout starts at the lower right corner. The image

is presented in true orientation by the output display.

Figure 7: Image Capture Example

SCENE

(Front view)

OPTICS

IMAGE CAPTURE

IMAGE RENDERING

Start Readout

Row by Row

IMAGE SENSOR

(Rear view)

Start Rasterization

Process of Image Gathering and Image Display

DISPLAY

(Front view)

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

The sensor core uses a paired RGB Bayer color pattern, as shown in Figure 8. Row pairs

consist of the following: rows 0, 1, rows 2, 3, rows 4, 5, and so on. The even-numbered

row pairs (0/1, 4/5, and so on) in the active array contain green and red pixels. The odd-

numbered row pairs (2/3, 6/7, and so on) contain blue and green pixels. The odd-

numbered columns contain green and blue pixels; even-numbered columns contain red

and green pixels.

Figure 8: Pixel Color Pattern Detail (top right corner)

Output Data Format

The sensor core image data are read out in an interlaced scan order. Progressive

readout—which is not supported by the color pipe—is an option, but is only intended

for raw data output. Valid image data are surrounded by horizontal and vertical

blanking, shown in Figure 9 on page 14.

For NTSC output, the horizontal size is stretched from 640 to 720 pixels. The vertical size

is 243 pixels per field; 240 image pixels and 3 dark pixels that are located at the bottom of

the image field.

For PAL output, the horizontal size is also stretched from 640 to 720 pixels. The vertical

size is 288 pixels per field; 240 image pixels with 24 dark pixels at the top of the image

and 24 dark pixels at the bottom of the image field.

Black Pixels

Column Readout Direction

...

Row

Readout

Direction

First Active

Border

Pixel

(42, 15)

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Figure 9: Spatial Illustration of Image Readout

0,0

0,1

0,2

.....................................P

0,n-1

0,n

2,0

2,1

2,2

.....................................P

2,n-1

2,n

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

m-2,0

m-2,1

.....................................P

m-2,n-1

m-2,n

m,0

m,1

.....................................P

m,n-1

m,n

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00

Valid Image Odd Field Horizontal

Blanking

Vertical Even Blanking Vertical/Horizontal

Blanking

1,0

1,1

1,2

.....................................P

1,n-1

1,n

3,0

3,1

3,2

.....................................P

3,n-1

3,n

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

m-1,0

m-1,1

.....................................P

m-1,n-1

m-1,n

m+1,0

m+1,1

..................................P

m+1,n-1

m+1,n

00 00 00 .................. 00 00 00

00 00 00 ..................................... 00 00 00

Valid Image Even Field Horizontal

Blanking

Vertical Odd Blanking Vertical/Horizontal

Blanking

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Image Flow Processor (IFP)

The MT9V125 IFP consists of a color processing pipeline as well as a measurement and

control logic block (the camera controller)—see Figure 10 on page 16. The stream of raw

data from the sensor enters the pipeline and undergoes several transformations. Image

stream processing starts with conditioning the black level and applying a digital gain.

The lens shading block compensates for signal loss caused by the lens.

Next, the data is interpolated to recover missing color components for each pixel. The

resulting interpolated RGB data passes through the current color correction matrix

(CCM), gamma, and saturation corrections, and is formatted for final output.

The measurement and control logic continuously accumulate image brightness and

color statistics. Based on these measurements, the IFP calculates updated values for

exposure time and sensor analog gains that are sent to the sensor core via the control

bus.

Black Level Conditioning

The sensor core black level calibration works to maintain black pixel values at a constant

level, independent of analog gain, reference current, voltage settings, and temperature

conditions. If this black level is above zero, it must be reduced before color processing

can begin. The black level subtraction block in the IFP re-maps the black level of the

sensor to zero prior to lens shading correction. Following lens shading correction, the

black level addition block provides capability for another black level adjustment.

However, for good contrast, this level should be set to zero.

Digital Gain

Controlled by auto exposure logic, the input digital gain stage amplifies the raw image in

low-light conditions (range: x1–x8).

Test Pattern

A built-in test pattern generator produces a test image stream that can be multiplexed

with the gain stage. The test pattern can be selected through register settings (see R72:1).

There is another set of test patterns at the end of the color pipe that can be selected

through register R155:1[5:4]. (See “Register Notation” on page 4 of the register reference.)

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Figure 10: IFP Block Diagram

Sensor Core

Colorpipe

Camera Control

DOUT[7:0] PIXCLK, FRAME_VALID, LINE_VALID

Raw Bayer

Bypass

Y Gamma Correct

+ Color Sat Ctl

+ YCrCb RGB

Horizontal

Interpolator

RGB to YCrCb

RGB RYB

+ Color Correction

+ R/B Gain for AWB

Interpolate

+ Aperture Correct

Kernel

SRAM

Line Buffers

Defect

Correction

Flicker

Detection

Black Level Conditioning;

Digital Gain;

Test Pattern at Beginning of IFP;

Lens Correction

VGA Pixel Sensor

including

Sensor Control Logic

Control

Registers

Two-Wire

Serial Interface

Control

Registers

AWB

Test Pattern at End of IFP;

Camera Interface

Control

Registers

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Notes: 1. NTSC encoder/DAC not shown

Lens Shading Correction (LC)

Inexpensive lenses tend to attenuate image intensity near the edges of pixel arrays.

Other factors also cause signal and coloration differences across the image. The net

result of all these factors is known as lens shading. Lens shading correction (LC)

compensates for these differences.

Typically, the profile of lens shading-induced anomalies across the frame is different for

each color component. Therefore, LC is independently calibrated for the color channels.

Interpolation and Aperture Correction

A demosaic engine converts the single-color-per-pixel Bayer data from the sensor into

RGB (10-bit per color channel). The demosaic algorithm analyzes neighboring pixels to

generate a best guess for the missing color components. Edge sharpness is preserved as

much as possible.

Aperture correction sharpens the image by an adjustable amount. To avoid amplifying

noise, sharpening can be programmed to phase out as light levels drop.

Defect Correction

This device supports 2D defect correction. In 2D defect detection and correction, pixels

with values different from their neighbors by greater than a defined threshold are

considered defects unless near the image boundary. The approach is termed 2D, as

pixels on neighboring lines as well as neighboring pixels on the same line are considered

in both detection and correction.

In Figure 10 on page 16, the register kernel gathers same color pixels and send the infor-

mation to the 2D defect correction engine.

Color Correction

To obtain good color rendition and saturation, it is necessary to compensate for the

differences between the spectral characteristics of the imager color filter array and the

spectral response of the human eye. This compensation, also known as color separation,

is achieved through linear transformation of the image with a 3 x 3 element color correc-

tion matrix. The optimal values for the color correction coefficients depend on the

spectra of the incident illumination and can be programmed by the user.

Color Saturation Control

For noise reduction, both color saturation and sharpness enhancement can be set by the

user or adjusted automatically by tracking the magnitude of the gains used by the auto

exposure algorithm.

Automatic White Balance (AWB)

The MT9V125 has a built-in AWB algorithm designed to compensate for the effects of

changing scene illumination on the color rendition quality. This sophisticated algorithm

consists of three major submodules:

• A measurement engine (ME) performing statistical analysis of the image

• A module selecting the optimal color correction matrix

• A module selecting the analog color channel gains in the sensor core

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

While the default algorithm settings are adequate in most situations, the user can repro-

gram base color correction matrices and limit color channel gains. The AWB does not

attempt to locate the brightest or grayest elements in the image; it performs in-depth

image analysis to differentiate between changes in predominant spectra of illumination

and changes in predominant scene colors. Factory defaults are suitable for most appli-

cations; however, a wide range of algorithm parameters can be overwritten by the user

through the serial interface.

AWB Measurment Window

engine. It describes the size of the window within the image. Horizontally, the image

value varies from 0 to 9 (64 pixels per unit). Vertically, the image value varies from 0 to 6

(32 lines per unit on a per field basis). See Figure 12 for an example of adjusting the AWB

window size (R0x22D = 0x5281).

The values in R0x22D are the desired boundaries, in units of square blocks of pixels

vertically and horizontally. The size of the block is determined by the resolution of the

image seen by the WB measurement engine. For NTSC/PAL the size of the block is fixed

at 64 x 32 pixels.

Figure 11: AWB Measurement Window (Maximum)

Figure 12: AWB Adjusted Window Size

0123456 789

Left to Right

Top to bottom

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Auto Exposure

The auto exposure algorithm performs automatic adjustments to image brightness by

controlling exposure time and analog gains in the sensor core, as well as digital gain

applied to the image. The algorithm relies on the auto exposure measurement engine

that tracks speed and amplitude changes in the overall luminance of selected windows

in the image.

Backlight compensation is achieved by weighting the luminance in the center of the

image higher than the luminance on the periphery. Other algorithm features include:

fast-fluctuating illumination rejection (time-averaging), response-speed control, and

controlled sensitivity to small changes.

While the default settings are adequate in most situations, the user can program target

brightness, measurement window, and other parameters, as described above. The auto

exposure algorithm enables compensation for a broad range of illumination intensities.

Automatic Flicker Detection

Flicker occurs when integration time is not an integer multiple of the period of the light

intensity. The automatic flicker detection block does not compensate for the flicker; it

reduces flicker occurrence by detecting flicker frequency and adjusting the integration

time. For integration times shorter than the light intensity period (10ms for 50Hz envi-

ronments and 8.33ms for 60Hz environments), flicker is unavoidable.

Gamma Correction

To achieve more life-like quality in an image, the IFP includes gamma correction and

color saturation control. Gamma correction operates on the luminance component of

the image and enables compensation for nonlinear dependence of the display device

output versus the driving signal (for example, monitor brightness versus CRT voltage).

In addition, gamma correction provides range compression, converting 10-bit lumi-

nance input to 8-bit output. Pre-gamma image processing generates 10-bit luminance

values ranging from 0 to 896. Piecewise linear gamma correction utilized in this imager

has 10 linear intervals, with end points corresponding to the following input values:

Xi=0…10 = {0,16,32,64,128,256,384,512,640,768,896}

For each input value Xi, the user can program the corresponding output value Yi. Yi

values must be monotonically increasing.

NTSC and PAL Encoder Formats Supported

The MT9V125 has an on-chip video encoder to format the data stream for composite

video output in the supported NTSC or PAL formats. The encoder expects CCIR-656

interlaced NTSC or PAL data stream input. By default, the input is taken from the

on-chip image stream. Input can also be taken from the external 8-bit DIN[7:0] port for

external image processing used with the on-chip video encoder and composite output.

MT9V125 Readout Modes

NTSC and PAL are two of the target output formats for the MT9V125. Table 4 on page 20

identifies registers used to set NTSC or PAL modes.

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Notes: 1. See “R the Register Reference for a description of the register notation.

2. R21:1[0]

3. R19:1[7]

4. R19:1[1:0]

5. R155:1[12]

6. R155:1[8]

7. R155:1[7:6]

Table 5 identifies the readout format, output format, and output ports supported by the

MT9V125. This table gives output formats supported by the MT9V125. The “DevWare

Video Output Mode” column identifies the name used by the ON Semiconductor

DevWare demonstration program to execute the readout mode. MT9V125 registers that

enable these modes are specified in Table 6 on page 21.

Table 4: Readout Mode Register Settings – DOUT Not Qualified

When DOUT is not qualified with FV and LV

Readout Format/

Output Format/

Output Port1NTSC or

PAL2Hold FV

HIGH3

Output

Select

MUX4

Sensor

Stand-

Alone

Mode5Enable

RGB6

RGB

Output

Format7

Output Odd

Field

Resolution

Output Even

Field

Resolution

Readout

Format/

Output

Frame

Resolution

Interlaced/

CCIR656/

DOUT[7:0] &

LVDS

0: NTSC00000720x244720x243720x487

Interlaced/

CCIR656/

DOUT[7:0] &

LVDS

1: PAL00000720x288720x288720x576

Table 5: MT9V125 Readout Modes

Readout Format–Output Format Parallel DOUT

Composite Analog

Out LVDS Devware Video Output Mode

Interlaced–CCIR656 Supported Supported Supported Interlaced/CCIR656

Interlaced–RGB Supported Not supported Not supported Interlaced/RGB

Interlaced–Raw Bayer Supported Not supported Not supported Interlaced/Raw Bayer

Progressive–Raw Paired Bayer Supported Not supported Not supported Progressive/Raw Paired Bayer

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Table 6: Readout Mode Register Settings – DOUT Qualified

When DOUT is qualified with FV and LV

Notes: 1. See “Register Notation” on page 4 of the register reference for a description of the register nota-

tion.

2. R19:1[7]

3. R21:1[1:0]

4. R19:1[1:0]

5. R155:1[12]

6. R155:1[8]

7. R155:1[7:6]

8. x = Don’t Care

Readout Formats

Interlaced

The default output format, interlaced format, is required for NTSC or PAL output.

Progressive

Progressive format is used for raw Bayer output.

Output Formats

ITU-R BT.656 and RGB Output

The MT9V125 can output processed video as a standard ITU-R BT.656 (CCIR656) stream,

an RGB stream, or as unprocessed Bayer data. The ITU-R BT.656 stream contains YCbCr

4:2:2 data with fixed embedded synchronization codes. This output is typically suitable

for subsequent display by standard video equipment or JPEG/MPEG compression. RGB

functionality provides support for LCD devices.

The MT9V125 can be configured to output 16-bit RGB (565RGB), 15-bit RGB (555RGB),

and two types of 12-bit RGB (444RGB). Refer to Table 17 on page 48 and Table 18 on

page 48 for details.

Readout

Format/

Output

Format/

Output Port1NTSC or

PAL2

Hold

High3

Output

Select

MUX4

Sensor

Stand-

alone

Mode5Enable

RGB6RGB Output

Format7

Output

Odd Field

Reso-lution

Output

Even Field

Reso-lution

Output

Frame

Reso-

lution

Interlaced/

CCIR656/

DOUT[7:0] &

LVDS

0: NTSC 1 0 0 0 0 720 x 243 720 x 243 720 x 486

1: PAL 1 0 0 0 0 720 x 288 720 x 288 720 x 576

Interlaced/

RGB/

DOUT[7:0]

x8x 2 0 0 0: RGB 565

1: RGB 555

2: RGB 444x

3: RGB x444

720 x 240 720 x 240 720 x 480

Interlaced/

Raw Bayer/

DOUT[9:0]

x x 2 1 0 0 648 x 248 648 x 248 648 x 596

Progressive/

Raw PAIRED

Bayer/

DOUT[9:0]

x x 2 1 0 0 n/a n/a 648 x 488

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Bayer Output

Unprocessed paired Bayer data are generated when bypassing the IFP completely—that

is, by simply outputting the sensor-paired Bayer stream as usual, using FV, LV, and

PIXCLK to time the data. This mode is called sensor stand-alone mode.

Output Ports

Composite Video Output

The composite video output DAC is external-resistor-programmable and supports both

single-ended and differential output. The DAC is driven by the on-chip video encoder

output.

Serial Data Output

The processed image data stream can be output to the LVDS output port.

Parallel Output

Parallel output uses either 8-bit or 10-bit output. Eight-bit output is used for ITU-R

BT.656 and RGB output. Ten-bit output is used for raw Bayer output.

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Three Common Data Configurations

Figure 13, Figure 14 on page 24, and Figure 15 on page 25 demonstrate common config-

uration methods for the MT9V125. Figure 13 shows the most common usage mode.

The processed data from the sensor is output in analog composite video (NTSC or PAL)

and CCIR 656 format through the analog and parallel data output ports, respectively.

Figure 13: MT9V125 in Analog Composite Video Mode

Encoder

DAC TEST DATA

Internal

DAC

CCIR 656 output

OUT

[7:0], FV, LV

(without overlay)

Analog

composite video

(without overlay)

LVDS

LVDS _POS /

LVDS _NEG

R20:1[15:14] = 0

R19:1[2] = 0

Async

FIFO

R 155:1[12] = 0

Data Flow

Path

Sensor IFP

Encoder

Preprocessor

R19:1[1:0] = 0

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Figure 14 shows the MT9V125 in sensor stand-alone mode. Raw Bayer data from the

sensor bypasses the IFP to be output directly. Only parallel output is available for this

mode.

Figure 14: MT9V125 in Sensor Stand-Alone Mode

Figure 15 on page 25 shows the MT9V125 in overlay output mode that allows the

MT9V125 to be configured with an external DSP for text or image overlay.

Processed sensor data in CCIR 656 format is output as parallel data (DOUT[7-0]). This

data is input to a user-supplied DSP that overlays text or graphics on the processed

sensor image. DSP outputs CCIR 656 image with overlay which is input through the DIN

port to be multiplexed at the encoder. This encoded data is output as analog composite

video (NTSC or PAL).

Encoder

DAC TEST DATA

Internal

DAC

LVDS

R19:1[1:0] = 0

R20:1[15:14] = 0

R19:1[2] = 0

Async

FIFO

R 155:1[12] = 0

Data Flow

Path

Sensor IFP

Encoder

Preprocessor

Sensor raw

output

n/a

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Detailed Architecture Overview

Figure 15: MT9V125 in Overlay Output Mode

Encoder

DAC TEST DATA

Internal

DAC

LVDS

R19:1[1:0] = 0

R20:1[15:14] = 0

R19:1[2] = 0

Async

FIFO

R 155:1[12] = 0

Data Flow

Path

IFP

Encoder

Preprocessor

CCIR-656 OUTPUT

DOUT[7:0], LV, FV

(without overlay

)

ANALOG

COMPOSITE VIDEO

(with overlay)

LVDS_POS/

LVDS_NEG

CCIR-656 INPUT

DIN[7:0]

(with overlay)

DSP

(adds overlay

separate function

off chip)

MT9V125

Sensor

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Sensor Core Modes and Timing

This section provides an overview of usage modes for the MT9V125 sensor core. An over-

view of typical usage modes for the complete MT9V125 is provided in

“Modes and Timing” on page 33.

Readout Format

The sensor core supports two basic readout formats: interlaced and progressive. The

interlaced format supports both NTSC and PAL timing. Progressive readout is intended

for sensor stand-alone mode only (this is due to the paired Bayer pattern CFA).

Window Control

The window size and position need to be at the default settings for correct NTSC or PAL

format support.

Window Start

The row and column start address of the displayed image can be set by R1:0 (row start)

and R2:0 (column start).

Window Size

The default sensor resolution is 640 columns and 480 rows (VGA). For NTSC and PAL,

this is expanded by the horizontal interpolator module to 720 columns. For proper NTSC

or PAL operation, use only the default window size.

Pixel Border

When R32:0, Bits[9:8] are both set, a 4-pixel border will be added around the specified

image. When enabled, the row and column widths will be 8 pixels larger than the values

programmed in the row and column registers. If the border is enabled but not shown in

the image (R32:0[9:8] = 01), the horizontal blanking and vertical blanking values will be 8

pixels larger than the values programmed into the blanking registers. For proper NTSC

or PAL operation, use only default values in the above mentioned registers.

The border is read in an interlaced pattern when in interlaced readout mode. Each field

has its own interlaced border on top and bottom of the active array.

Sensor Core Readout Modes

Column Mirror Image

At reset, the HORIZ_FLIP input pin is latched into R30:1[1]. This bit is XORed with

disabled (result = 0). Figure 16 on page 27 illustrates the readout order of the columns

when they are reversed. The starting color is preserved when mirroring the columns.

Row Mirror Image

By setting R32:0[0] = 1, the readout order of the rows will be reversed, as shown in

Figure 17 on page 27. The starting color is preserved when mirroring the rows.

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Sensor Core Modes and Timing

Figure 16: Six Pixels in Normal and Column Mirror Readout Modes

Figure 17: Six Rows in Normal and Row Mirror Readout Modes

rame Rate Control

Operating Mode

Actual frame rates can be tuned by adjusting various sensor parameters. The sensor

registers are in address page 0, some of which are shown in Table 7 on page 28.

Typical settings and parameters for NTSC and PAL modes are shown in Table 8 on

page 23.

For a given window size, the blanking registers (R0x005, R0x006, R0x011) can be used to

set a particular frame rate.

G0[9:0] R0[9:0] G1[9:0] R1[9:0] G2[9:0] R2[9:0]

G3[9:0] R2[9:0] G2[9:0] R1[9:0] G1[9:0] R0[9:0]

LINE_VALID

Normal Readout

DOUT[9:0]

Reverse Readout

DOUT[9:0]

Row0[9:0] Row2[9:0] Row4[9:0] Row6[9:0] Row8[9:0] Row10[9:0]

Row12[9:0] Row10[9:0] Row8[9:0] Row6[9:0] Row4[9:0] Row2[9:0]

FRAME_VALID

Normal Readout

OUT[9:0]

Reverse Readout

DOUT[9:0]

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Sensor Core Modes and Timing

The sensor timing (Table 8 on page 23) is shown in terms of pixel clock and master clock

cycles. The required master clock frequency is 27 MHz. The vertical blanking and total

frame time equations assume that the number of integration rows (R0x009) is less than

the number of active rows, plus blanking rows. If this is not the case, the number of inte-

gration rows must be used instead to determine the frame time.

In the MT9V125, the sensor core adds four border pixels all the way around the image,

taking the active image size to 648 x 488. This is achieved through the default of oversize

and show border bits set.

NTSC mode has 525 rows per frame; PAL mode has 625 rows per frame as enumerated

below (all values in rows):

(EQ 1)

NTSC: (EQ 2)

PAL: (EQ 3)

Blanking Calculations

When calculating blanking, minimum values for horizontal blanking and vertical

blanking must be taken into account. Table 8 shows minimum values for each register.

This is valid for non NTSC or PAL modes only.

Table 7: Register Address Functions

R0x004 Column width, typically 640 in the MT9V125

R0x003 Row width, typically 480 in the MT9V125

R0x005 Horizontal blanking, default is 210 (units of sensor pixel clocks)

R0x006, R0x011 Vertical blanking (odd/even), default is 14 (odd), 15 (even)

(rows including black rows)

Table 8: Blanking Minimum Values (in sensor stand-alone mode)

Parameter Minimum

Horizontal blanking 132 (sensor pixel clocks)

Vertical blanking 6 + # of dark rows

OddFieldActive OddFieldVerticalBlanking EvenFieldActive EvenFieldVerticalBlanking+++ RowsPerFrame=

(42404)14(42404)15+++++++ 525=

(42404)64(42404)65+++++++ 625=

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Sensor Core Modes and Timing

Minimum Horizontal Blanking (in sensor stand-alone mode)

The minimum horizontal blanking value is constrained by the time used for sampling a

row of pixels and the overhead in the row readout. This can be expressed in an equation

as:

(EQ 4)

(EQ 5)

(EQ 6)

where:

(EQ 7)

(EQ 8)

with default settings:

To get an aggressive minimum value for the horizontal blanking, the larger of

R0x079[15:8] and R0x076[15:8] can be substituted for the R0x07E value in the above

equation. With default settings, this gives a minimum HBLANK time of 127.

Valid Data Signals Options

LINE_VALID Signal

By setting bits[15:14] of R32:0, the LV signal is programmed for three different output

formats. The formats shown below illustrate reading out four rows and two vertical

blanking rows (Figure 18 on page 30).

The default line valid format is shown first; continuous line valid is shown second. In the

last format, the LV signal is exclusive ORed (XOR) between the continuous LV signal and

the FV signal.

HBLANK(min) (startup overhead sampling time extra cb time dark col time+++=

31 + done_sample/2 + 16 + (22 read_dark_cols=

(47 + done_sample/2 + (22 read_dark_cols=

done_sample R0x07E (rounded up to n earest even number)=

read_dark_cols R0x22:0, (bit[8])=

HBLANK(MIN) (47 + 152/2 + 22) 145 PIXCLK periods==

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Sensor Core Modes and Timing

Figure 18: LINE_VALID Formats

ntegration Time

Integration time is controlled by R0x009 (shutter width, in multiples of the row time) and

R0x00C (shutter delay, in PIXCLK_PERIOD/2). R0x00C is used to control sub-row inte-

gration times and will only have a visible effect for small values of R0x009. The total inte-

gration time, tINT, is shown in the equations below (PIXCLK_PERIOD is in terms of

master clock periods):

(EQ 9)

where:

(EQ 10)

(EQ 11)

(EQ 12)

with default settings for NTSC:

(EQ 13)

with default settings for PAL:

(EQ 14)

In this equation, the integration overhead corresponds to the delay between the row

reset sequence and the row sample (read) sequence.

Default

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

Continuous

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

FRAME_VALID

FRAME_VALID XOR LINE_VALID

INT

t R0x009 Row Time Integration Overhead – Shutter Delay–=

Row Time (R0x004 HBLANK_REG 8(when border is set)) PIXCLK_PERIOD ++=

Integration Overhead 182 master clock periods=

Shutter Delay R0x00C/2 PIXCLK_PERIOD=

INT

t470 858 2182–0– 806,388 master clock periods==

INT

t470 864 2182–0– 811,978 master clock periods==

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Sensor Core Modes and Timing

The integration overhead shown is valid only for the default PIXCLK_PERIOD and

default sample (R0x07E) and reset (R0x087) values.

Typically, the value of the shutter width register (R0x009) is limited to the number of

rows per frame (which includes vertical blanking rows), such that the frame rate is not

affected by the integration time.

If R0x009 is increased beyond the total number of rows per frame (525 for NTSC, 625 for

PAL), the sensor will add additional blanking rows as needed and violate the frame time

requirement of NTSC and PAL. However, the effective value of R0x009 is always limited

by the settings in R0x013 and R0x014.

A second constraint is that tINT must be adjusted to avoid banding in the image caused

by light flicker. This means that tINT must be a multiple of 1/120 of a second under 60Hz

flicker, and a multiple of 1/100 of a second under 50Hz flicker.

Maximum Shutter Delay

The shutter delay can be used to reduce the integration time. A programmed value of N

reduces the integration time by N master clock periods. The maximum shutter delay is

set by the row time and the sample time, as shown in the equations below:

(EQ 15)

where:

(EQ 16)

(EQ 17)

(EQ 18)

with default settings:

(EQ 19)

(EQ 20)

If the value in this register exceeds the maximum value given by this equation, the sensor

may not generate an image. Again, the overhead time shown in this equation is only

valid for the default PIXCLK_PERIOD, and the default sample (R0x7E:0) and reset

(R0x87:0) valuesFigure 19 on page 32, illustrates the integration time for each sensor row

versus the shutter width. Odd rows are integrated first followed by even rows.

max shutter delay Row Time Shutter Overhead–=

Row Time (R0x004 HBLANK_REG) PIXCLK_PERIOD+=

Shutter Overhead (NTSC) 356 master clock period s=

Shutter Overhead (PAL) 3 68 master clock periods=

NTSC max shutter delay (858 2) 356–1360 master clock periods==

PAL max shutter delay (864 2) 368–1360 master clock periods==

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Sensor Core Modes and Timing

Figure 19: Integration Window of Each Sensor Row for NTSC Mode (Interlaced Readout)

t (seconds)

0/60 1/60 2/60 3/60 4/60 5/60 6/60

30 x 525

Time shift per row

Integration window of each row when shutter width R0x009[15:0] = 525

Shutter delay R0x00C[15:0] = 0

t (seconds)

0/60 1/60 3/60 4/60 5/60 6/60

Odd Rows

Even Rows

Integration Window of Each Row When Shutter Width R0x009[15:0] = 1

Shutter Delay R0x00C[15:0] = 0

Note: Drawings not to scale

30 x 525

Row 1

Row 496

Row 2

Row 495

Row 3

Row 5

Odd Rows

Even Field Vertical Blanking

2/60

Row1 (First Active Row)

Row3

Row5

Row495

Row2

Even Rows

Odd Field Vertical Blanking

Row496

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

This section provides an overview of the typical usage modes and related timing infor-

mation for the MT9V125.

Composite Video Output

The analog composite video output is enabled by default and is the main usage mode for

the MT9V125.

The external pin NTSC_PAL_SELECT can be used to configure the device for default

NTSC or PAL operation. This and other video configuration settings are available as

tion, use only default register values.

NTSC

Both differential and single-ended connections of the full NTSC format are supported.

The differential connection that uses two output lines is used for low noise or long

distance applications. The single-ended connection is used for PCB tracks and screened

cable where noise is not a concern. The NTSC format has three black lines at the bottom

of each image for padding (which most LCDs do not display).

PAL

The PAL format is supported with 480 active image rows only. Black bars are padded on

top and bottom of the image for PAL format support. The PAL format has 24 black lines

at the top and bottom of each image for padding.

NTSC or PAL with External Image Processing

The on-chip video encoder and DAC can be used with external data stream input

(DIN[7:0] port). Correct NTSC or PAL formatted CCIR656 data is required for correct

composite video output.

This mode can typically be used together with data output on the parallel DOUT[7:0]

port—for example, for external overlay solutions.

Single-Ended and Differential Composite Output

The composite output can be operated in a single-ended or differential mode by simply

changing the external resistor configuration. For single-ended termination, two sche-

matics are presented. The first is SMPTE-compliant; the second is a low-cost alternative.

For differential mode termination, the first differential schematic; Figure 22 on page 36,

is SMPTE-compliant. The other two are lost-cost alternatives.

See Figure 20 on page 34 through Figure 24 on page 37 for termination schematics.

Note: The differential schematics have not been tested.

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Figure 20: Single-Ended Termination—SMPTE Compliant

75 Ω 75 Ω

Chip

Boundary

i = IPLUS

Single - Ended

R = 7 5

Single-ended

e . g . PCB Track

e . g . 75 Ω COAX Single -

end

L = 574 nH L = 574

C = 267

C 0 C 1

C = 267

L 0 L 1 L 2

Typical Values for LC

75Ω Terminat

R = 15

C = 740pF

L = 2.7μH

pF pF

L = 1.86μH

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Figure 21: Single-Ended Termination

VDD

75 Ω 75 Ω

Chip

Boundary

i = IPLUS S

Single - Ended

R0 = 7 5

R 1 = 7 5

Single-ended

e . g . PCB Track

e . g . 75 Ω COAX Single - ended

= 680 L

= 680

C = 220

C 0 C 1

C = 220

L 0 L 1 L 2

Typical Values for LC

75Ω Terminated

L = 2.2μH

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Figure 22: Differential Connection—SMPTE-Compliant

L = 383

L1 L2 L3

L = 383

L4 L5 L6

R =

OUTYUK

OUTYUKp

R10

R11

R = 12.5

Butterworth filter @ 12.825 MHz - 3dB

(differrential)

INYUKp

INYUKn

C = 965pF

L = 2.07μH

R = 37.5

R = 5.75

R = 37.5

R = 5.75

IDC

2/37.5

Resonant lift

(differrential)

nHnH

L = 1.24μH

C = 200pFC = 200pF

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Figure 23: Differential Connection—Grounded Terminations

Figure 24: Differential Connection—Floating Termination

Long 75 Ω

Twisted Pair

75 Ω 75 Ω

Chip

Boundary

i = IPLUS i = IMINUS

Differential Differential

L = 2.2μHL = 680nH L = 680nH

C = 220pF C = 220pF

C 0 C 1

L 0 L 1 L 2

R 4

C 2

5 V

OUT

AMP

REF

Differential to Single - Ended Conversion

Typical Values for LC

75 Terminated Receiver

R0 = 37.5

R1 = 37.5

R2 = 37.5

R3 = 37.5

R7 = 75

R6 = 75

Long 75 Ω

Twisted Pair

75 Ω 75 Ω

Chip

Boundary

i = IPLUS

Differential Differential

C 0 C 1

L 0 L 1 L 2

C 2

5 V

OUT

AMP

REF

Differential to Single - Ended Conversion

Typical Values for LC

75 Terminated Receiver

i = IMINUS

L = 2.2μHL = 680nH L = 680nH

C = 220pF C = 220pF

R0 = 37.5

R1 = 37.5

R2 = 75

R6 = 75

R7 = 75

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Serial (LVDS) Output

The serial high-speed output port supports the interlaced CCIR-656 data format.

The LVDS port is disabled by default, but can be enabled by the external pin LVDS_ENABLE. This pin must be

asserted for LVDS to function. LVDS can be disabled through R29:1[13]. LVDS is also disabled when STANDBY is

asserted.

The output LVDS format is the standard 12-bit package with 10-bit payload format supported by off-the-shelf dese-

rializers, including National (DS92LV1212A), Maxim (MAX9205), and TI (SN65LV1212). An on-chip x12 PLL is

included for high-speed LVDS clock generation. LVDS output clock speed is 324 MHz for CCIR support. Table 9

describes the LVDS packet format; Figure 25 on page 39 shows the LVDS data format.

Table 9: LVDS Packet Format

12-Bit Packet CCIR-656

Bit[0] 1 (START bit)

Bit[1] PixelData[0]

Bit[2] PixelData[1]

Bit[3] PixelData[2]

Bit[4] PixelData[3]

Bit[5] PixelData[4]

Bit[6] PixelData[5]

Bit[7] PixelData[6]

Bit[8] PixelData[7]

Bit[9] LV

Bit[10] FV

Bit[11] 0 (STOP bit)

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Figure 25: LVDS Serial Output Data Format

Notes: 1. Each LVDS packet contains 12 bits. It starts with a “1” (START bit) and ends with a “0” (STOP bit).

2. The 8-bit CCIR656-compliant video data byte is shifted out with the LSB bit out first, following the START bit.

3. The LV and the FV bits are sent out following the video data byte.

4. A 12x PLL generates the internal shift clock from EXTCLK input. The 8-bit DOUT[7:0] is concatenated with LV and FV outputs and

shifted out through the differential LVDS_POS/LVDS_NEG outputs.

5. Refer to Table 10 for LVDS data timing.

Table 10: Serial Output Data Timing Values (for EXTCLK = 27 MHz)

Name Min Typ Max Units

tDW 2.5 2.7 3.08 ns

D1D0 D3D2 D5D4 D7D6 LV FV

Internal

Shift Clock

LVDS Serial Out START

(1)

STOP

(0))

tDW

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Parallel Output (DOUT)

Interlaced

The DOUT[7:0] port supports outputting the interlaced data stream in a variety of formats, as described in more

detail in “ITU-R BT.656 and RGB Output” on page 21.

Figure 26 shows the data that is output on the parallel port for CCIR656. Both NTSC and PAL formats are displayed.

The blue values in Figure 26 represent NTSC (525/60). The red values represent PAL (625/50).

Figure 26: CCIR656 8-Bit Parallel Interface Format for 525/60 (625/50) Video Systems

Figure 27 shows detailed vertical blanking information for NTSC timing. See Table 11 on page 42 for data on field,

vertical blanking, EAV, and SAV states.

B Y C

R Y C

B Y C

R Y C

R Y F

268

280

1440

1716

1728

EAV CODE BLANKING SAV CODE CO - SITED _ CO - SITED _

Start of digital line Start of digital active line Next line

Digital

video

stream

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Modes and Timing

Figure 27: Typical CCIR656 Vertical Blanking Intervals for 525/60 Video System

Blanking

Field 1 Active Video

Blanking

Field 2 Active Video

Line 4

Line 266

Line 3

Field 1

(F = 0)

Odd

Field 2

(F = 1)

Even

EAV SAV

Line 1 (V = 1)

Line 20 (V = 0)

Line 264 (V = 1)

Line 283 (V = 0)

Line 525 (V = 0)

H = 1 H = 0

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Modes and Timing

Figure 28 shows detailed vertical blanking information for PAL timing. See Table 12 for

data on field, vertical blanking, EAV, and SAV states.

Figure 28: Typical CCIR656 Vertical Blanking Intervals for 625/50 Video System

Table 11: Field, Vertical Blanking, EAV, and SAV States

Line Number F V H

(EAV) H

(SAV)

1–3 1110

4–9 0110

20–263 0 0 1 0

264–265 0 1 1 0

266–282 1 1 1 0

283–525 1 0 1 0

Table 12: Field, Vertical Blanking, EAV, and SAV States

Line Number F V H

(EAV) H

(SAV)

1–22 0 1 1 0

23–310 0 0 1 0

311–312 0 1 1 0

313–335 1 1 1 0

336–623 1 0 1 0

624–625 1 1 1 0

Blanking

Field 1 Active Video

Blanking

Field 2 Active Video

Field 1

(F = 0)

Odd

Field 2

(F = 1)

Even

H = 1

EAV

H = 0

SAV

Blanking

Line 1 (V = 1)

Line 23 (V = 0)

Line 311 (V = 1)

Line 336 (V = 0)

Line 625 (V = 1)

Line 624 (V = 1)

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Modes and Timing

Progressive

The DOUT[7:0] port also supports progressive, raw data output. The on-chip color

processor does not support reading out the pixel array progressively, but the raw pixel

data can be made available in sensor stand-alone mode.

Parallel Input (DIN)

The data-in port allows external CCIR656 data to be multiplexed into the NTSC or PAL

output data. Figure 29 shows the timing of the data-in (DIN[7:0]) signals. Table 13

describes timing values for the parallel input waveform. Both mode 0 and mode 1 wave-

forms are supported by the MT9V125.

Figure 29: Parallel Input Data Timing Waveform Using DIN_CLK

Notes: 1. If R19:1[4] = 1, then DIN_CLK is used to sample data on DIN bus.

2. Setup and hold time is measured with respect to the rising or falling edge of DIN_CLK which can be

programmed by R19:1[3].

Table 13: Parallel Input Data Timing Values Using DIN_CLK

Name Min Typical Max Function

tDIN_CLK 36.975 – – DIN_CLK Period

ts7––DIN Setup Time

th8––DIN Hold Time

DIN

CLK

D 0 D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5

[7:0]

MODE 0

DIN

CLK

D 0 D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5

DIN _ CLK

MODE 1

DIN _ CLK

[7:0]

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Modes and Timing

Figure 30: Parallel Input Data Timing Waveform Using the EXTCLK

Notes: 1. If R19:1[4] = 0 then the EXTCLK is used to sample the data on DIN bus.

2. Setup and hold time is measured with respect to the rising or falling edge of EXTCLK which can be

programmed by R19:1[3].

Interlaced Modes

True Interlaced

By default, the MT9V125 reads out the image array in a true interlaced fashion where

each field maps to the odd and even rows respectively. The color pipe is supplied by a

regular Bayer pattern data stream due to the “paired Bayer” CFA filters used with the

pixel array, as described in “Pixel Array Structure” on page 11.

Mirroring

The MT9V125 supports both horizontal and vertical flips, regardless of the output

format. Horizontal flip, column sequencing reversed, can be enabled by an external pin

(HORIZ_FLIP) or a register setting (R21:1[1]). Vertical flip can be controlled through a

Table 14: Parallel Input Data Timing Values Using EXTCLK

Name Min Typical Max Function

tEXTCLK 36.975 – – DIN_CLK Period

ts3––DIN Setup Time

th14.5–– DIN Hold Time

D 0 D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5

DIN[7:0]

MODE 0

D 0 D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5

MODE 1

DIN[7:0]

EXTCLK

tEXTCLK

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 45 ©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Reset, Clocks, and Standby

Reset

Power-up reset is asserted/de-asserted with the RESET_BAR pin, which is active LOW. In

the reset state, all control registers are set to default values.

Soft reset is asserted/de-asserted by the two-wire serial interface program. In soft-reset

mode, the two-wire serial interface and the register bus are still running. All control

registers are reset using default values. See R13:0.

Clocks

The MT9V125 has three primary clocks:

1. A master clock coming from the EXTCLK signal.

2. A pixel clock using a clock-gated operation running at half frequency of the master

clock in sensor stand-alone mode and the same frequency as EXTCLK in SOC mode.

3. DIN_CLK that is associated with the parallel DIN port.

All device clocks are turned off in power-down mode. When the MT9V125 operates in

sensor stand-alone mode, the image flow pipeline clocks can be shut off to conserve

power. See R13:0.

The sensor core is a master in the system. The sensor core frame rate defines the overall

image flow pipeline frame rate. Horizontal blanking and vertical blanking are influenced

by the sensor configuration, and are also a function of certain image flow pipeline func-

tions. The relationship of the primary clocks is depicted in Figure 31 on page 45.

The image flow pipeline typically generates up to 16 bits per pixel—for example, YCbCr

or 565RGB—but has only an 8-bit port through which to communicate this pixel data.

To generate NTSC or PAL format images, the sensor core requires a 27 MHz clock.

Figure 31: Primary Clock Relationships

10 bits/pixel

1 pixel/clock

16 bits/pixel

1 pixel/clock

16 bits/pixel (TYP)

0.5 pixel/clock

Colorpipe

Output Interface

Sensor

Pixel Clock

Sensor

Master Clock

EXTCLK Sensor Core

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 46 ©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Standby Pin

STANDBY is a multipurpose signal that controls three functions: low-power standby, the

two-wire serial interface device address, and output signal state functions. Table 15

shows how STANDBY affects the output signal state.

Two-wire serial interface address is based on the SADDR pin XORed with the R13:0[10];

the R13:0[10] default is “0.” See Table 26 on page 57 for details. The R13:0[10] is not writ-

able when STANDBY is asserted (“1”).

Hard standby is asserted or de-asserted on STANDBY, as described in “Power-Saving

Modes” on page 47.

Table 15: STANDBY Effect on the Output State

STANDBY Output

Enable

R13:0[6] Output Disable R13:0[4] STANDBY Output State

00 0Driven

0 0 1 High-Z

10 xDriven

x 1 x High-Z

MT9V125_DS Rev. V 4/15 EN 47 ©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC,2015.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Power-Saving Modes

The sensor can be put into the low-power standby state by either of the following mech-

anisms:

• Asserting STANDBY (provided that R13:0[7] = 0)

• Setting R13:0[3:2] = 01 by performing a register write through the serial register inter-

face (R13:0[2]: analog standby = 1, R13:0[3]: chip enable = 0)

The two methods are equivalent and have the same effect:

• The source of standby is synchronized and latched. Once latched, the full standby

sequence is completed even if the source of standby is removed.

• The readout of the current row is completed.

• Internal clocks are gated off.

• The analog signal chain and associated current and voltage sources are placed in a

low-power state.

The standby state is maintained for as long as the standby source remains asserted. The

state of the signal interface while in standby state is shown in Table 16.

While in standby, the state of the internal registers is maintained. The sensor continues

to respond to accesses through its serial register interface when STANDBY is asserted

through a register write, as described above. The serial register interface does not

respond when standby mode is entered by asserting the external STANDBY pin.

An even lower-power standby state can be achieved by stopping the input clock

(EXTCLK) while in standby. If the input clock is stopped, the sensor will not respond to

accesses through its two-wire serial register interface.

Exit from standby must be through the same mechanism as entry to standby. When the

standby source is negated:

1. The internal clocks are restarted.

2. The analog circuitry is restored to its normal operating state.

3. The timing and control circuitry performs a restart, equivalent to writing

R13:0[1] = 1.

After this sequence has completed, normal operation is resumed. If the input clock has

been stopped during standby it must be restarted before leaving standby.

Floating Inputs

The following MT9V125 pins cannot be floated:

•D

IN[7:0] (tie to GND if not used)

• DIN_CLK (tie to GND if not used)

• PEDESTAL—Valid for NTSC only, this pin should be pulled LOW for PAL

• LVDS ENABLE—This pin must always be pulled HIGH if LVDS is used

•S

DATA—This pin is bidirectional and should not be floated

Table 16: Signal State During Standby

Signal State

FV 0

LV 0

PIXCLK 1

DOUT[7:0], DOUT_LSB[1:0] 0

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Output Data Ordering

Notes: 1. PIXCLK is 27 MHz when EXTCLK is 27 MHz.

Notes: 1. PIXCLK is 13.5 MHz when EXTCLK is 27 MHz.

Notes: 1. Data output rate is 324 Mb/s when EXTCLK is 27 MHz.

Table 17: Output Data Ordering in DOUT RGB Mode

Mode

(Swap Disabled) Byte D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

565RGB First R7R6R5R4R3G7G6G5

Second G4 G3 G2 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3

555RGB First 0 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 G7 G6

Second G5 G4 G3 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3

444xRGB First R7 R6 R5 R4 G7 G6 G5 G4

Second B7 B6 B5 B4 0 0 0 0

x444RGB First 0000R7R6R5R4

Second G7 G6 G5 G4 B7 B6 B5 B4

Table 18: Output Data Ordering in Sensor Stand-Alone Mode

Mode D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 DOUT_LSB1 DOUT_LSB0

10-bit Output B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0

Table 19: Data Ordering in LVDS Serial Mode

Mode Package[0] Package[8:1] Package[9] Package[10] Package[11]

Default Start bit “1’ DOUT[7:0] LINE_VALID FRAME_VALID Stop bit “0”

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

I/O Circuitry

Figure 32 and Figure 33 on page 50 illustrate typical circuitry used for each input, output

or I/O pad.

Figure 32: Typical I/O Equivalent Circuits

Notes: 1. All I/O circuitry shown above is for reference only. The actual implementation may be

different.

Pad

Input Pad

Receiver

Pad

Output Pad

Tri

State

Driver

GND

GND V

GND

Receiver

Tri

State

Driver

GND

Pad

GND

I/O Pad

DATA

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

OUT

_LSB[1:0]

OUT

[7:0]

PIXCLK

[7:0]

DIN_CLK

SCLK

LVDS_ENABLE

STANDBY

PEDESTAL

NTSC_PAL_SELECT

HORIZ_FLIP

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

Figure 33: LVDS and NTSC Blocks

Notes: 1. All I/O circuitry shown above is for reference only. The actual implementation may be

different.

DD_

PLL

GND

Pad

DD_

DAC

GND

Pad

ESD

Out +

Out

LVDS Output Block

Pad

ESD

DAC_REF

ESD

DAC_POS

DAC_NEG

NTSC Block

Resistor

2.8kΩ

LVDS_POS

LVDS_NEG

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Modes and Timing

I/O Timing

Digital Output

By default, the MT9V125 launches pixel data, FV, and LV synchronously with the falling

edge of PIXCLK. The expectation is that the user captures data, FV, and LV using the

rising edge of PIXCLK. The timing diagram is shown in Figure 34.

As an option, the polarity of the PIXCLK can be inverted from the default. This is

achieved by programming R155:1[9] to “0.”

Figure 34: Digital Output I/O Timing

Notes: 1. PIXCLK may be inverted by programming register R155:1[9] = 0.

Table 20: Digital Output I/O Timing

TA=Ambient = 25°C; VDD = 2.5–3.1V

Signal Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

EXTCLK

textclk_high 17 – 20 ns

textclk_low 17 – 20 ns

textclk_period – 37.0 – ns

fextclk max +/- 100 ppm 27 MHz

PIXCLK1

tpixclk_low 14 – 22 ns

tpixclk_high 14 – 22 ns

tpixclk_period 36.7 37 37.4 ns

DATA[7:0]

textclkr_dout 8 14 18 ns

tdout_su 1418.523 ns

tdout_ho 1418.523 ns

FV/LV

textclkr_fvlv 8 14 18 ns

tfvlv_su 14 18.5 23 ns

tfvlv_ho 14 18.5 23 ns

tdout_su tdout_ho

EXTCLK

PIXCLK

DOUT[7:0]

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

tpixclk_low

tpixclk_high

textclk_high

tfvlv_su tfvlv_ho

textclkr_dout

textclkr_fvlv

textclk_low

UNDEFINED

Input

Output

textclk_period

tpixclk_period

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Electrical Specifications

Notes: 1. VDD, VAA, and VAAPIX must all be at the same potential to avoid excessive current draw. Care must

be taken to avoid excessive noise injection in the analog supplies if all three supplies are tied

together.

Table 21: Electrical Characteristics and Operating Conditions

TA = Ambient = 25°C; All supplies at 2.8V

Parameter1Condition Min Typ Max Unit

I/O and core digital voltage (VDD) – 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

LVDS PLL voltage (VDDPLL – 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

Video DAC voltage (VDDDAC) – 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

Analog voltage (VAA) – 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

Pixel supply voltage (VAAPIX) – 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

Leakage current STANDBY, EXTCLK:

HIGH or LOW

10 A

Imager operating temperature – –40 +85 °C

Functional operating temperature – –40 +105 °C

Storage temperature – –40 +125 °C

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Electrical Specifications

Notes: 1. RDAC_REF =2.8k

Table 22: Video DAC Electrical Characteristics

TA = Ambient = 25°C; All supplies at 2.8V

Parameter Condition Min Typ Max Unit

Resolution – 10 – bits

DNL Single-ended mode – 0.8 1.1 bits

INL Single-ended mode – 5.7 8.1 bits

Output local load Single-ended mode, output pad (DAC_POS) – 75 – 

Single-ended mode, unused output (DAC_NEG) – 0 – 

Output voltage Single-ended mode, code 000h – 0.02 – V

Single-ended mode, code 3FFh – 1.42 – V

Output current Single-ended mode, code 000h – 0.6 – mA

Single-ended mode, code 3FFh – 37.9 – mA

DNL Differential mode – 0.7 1 bits

INL Differential mode – 1.4 3 bits

Output local load Differential mode per pad

(DAC_POS and DAC_NEG)

– 37.5 – 

Output voltage

Differential mode, code 000h, pad dacp – 0.37 – V

Differential mode, code 000h, pad dacn – 1.07 – V

Differential mode, code 3FFh, pad dacp – 1.07 – V

Differential mode, code 3FFH, pad dacn – 0.37 – V

Output voltage

Differential mode, code 000h, pad dacp – 0.6 – mA

Differential mode, code 000h, pad dacn – 37.9 – mA

Differential mode, code 3FFh, pad dacp – 37.9 – mA

Differential mode, code 3FFH, pad dacn – 0.6 – mA

Differential output,

mid level Differential mode –0.72– V

Supply current Estimate – – 55 mA

DAC_REF1DAC Reference – 1.15 +/–0.2 V

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Electrical Specifications

Power Consumption

Notes: 1. 10pF nominal.

2. (NTSC or PAL) and LVDS should not be operated at the same time.

Table 23: Digital I/O Parameters

TA = Ambient = 25°C; All supplies at 2.8V

Signal Parameter Definitions Condition Min Typ Max Unit

All

Outputs

Load capacitance 1 – 30 pF

Output signal slew 2.8V, 30pF load – 0.72 – V/ns

2.8V, 5pF load – 1.25 – V/ns

VOH Output high voltage 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

VOL Output low voltage –0.3 – 0.3 V

IOH Output high current VDD = 2.8V, VOH = 2.4V 16 – 26.5 mA

IOL Output low current VDD = 2.8V, VOL = 0.4V 15.9 – 21.3 mA

All

Inputs

VIH Input high voltage VDD = 2.8V 1.48 – VDD +0.

VIL Input low voltage VDD = 2.8V – – 1.43 V

IIN Input leakage current –2 – 2 A

Signal CAP Input signal capacitance – 3.5 – pF

Table 24: Power Consumption

TA = Ambient = 25°C; All supplies at 2.8V

Mode Sensor

(mW) Image-Flow Proc

(mW) I/Os

(mW)1 DAC

(mW) LVDS (mW) Tota l

(mW)

Active mode 260 100 10 150 80 400

Standby 0.56

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Electrical Specifications

NTSC Signal Parameters

Notes: 1. Black and white levels are referenced to the blanking level.

2. NTSC convention standardized by the IRE (1 IRE = 7.14mV).

3. Encoder contrast setting R0x011 = R0x001 = 0.

4. DAC ref=2.8kload = 37.5

Table 25: NTSC Signal Parameters

TA = Ambient = 25°C; All supplies at 2.8V

Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units Notes

Line Frequency 15730 15735 15740 Hz

Field Frequency 59.00 59.94 60.00 Hz

Sync Rise Time 120 164 170 ns

Sync Fall Time 120 167 170 ns

Sync Width 4.60 4.74 4.80 s

Sync Level 37 39.9 43 IRE 2, 4

Burst Level 37 39.7 43 IRE 2, 4

Sync to Setup

(with pedestal off)

9.10 9.40 9.40 μs

Sync to Burst Start 5.00 5.31 5.60 s

Front Porch 1.40 1.40 1.60 s

Burst Width 8.0 8.5 10.0 cycles

Black Level 6.5 7.5 8.5 IRE 1, 2, 4

White Level 90 100 110 IRE 1, 2, 3, 4

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

PackageandDieDimensions

Figure 35: 52-Ball iBGA Package Outline Drawing

Notes: 1. All dimensions in millimeters.

Seating

plane

9.000 ±0.075

3.50

Encapsulant: epoxy Image sensor die

Lid material: borosilicate glass 0.40 thickness

Optical area

Fuses

0.40

(For reference only)

0.90

5.50 CTR

7.00

5.20

1.845

1.00 TYP

9.000 ±0.075

0.375 ±0.050

0.525 ±0.050

0.125

(For reference only)

L C

7.00

Substrate material: plastic laminate

Solder ball material: 96.5% Sn, 3% Ag, 0.5% Cu

Maximum rotation of optical area relative to package edges: 1º

0.10 A A

Ball A1 ID

Ball A1

Ball A8

52X Ø0.55

Dimensions apply

to solder balls post-

reflow. The pre-

reflow diameter is

Ø0.50 on a Ø0.40

SMD ball pad.

1.00 typ

First

clear

pixel

Maximum tilt of optical area relative to package edge : 50 microns

Maximum tilt of optical area relative to top of cover glass: 50 microns

3.584 CTR

2.688 CTR

Ø0.15 A B C

Ø0.15 A BC

Optical

center

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A: Serial Bus Description

Registers are written to and read from the MT9V125 through the two-wire serial inter-

face bus. The sensor is a serial interface slave controlled by the serial clock (SCLK),

which is driven by the serial interface master. Data is transferred in and out of the

MT9V125 through the serial data (SDATA) line. The SDATA and SCLK lines are pulled up to

VDD off-chip by a 1.5K resistor. Either the slave or the master device can pull the SDATA

line down—the serial interface protocol determines which device is allowed to pull the

SDATA line down at any given time.

Protocol

The two-wire serial interface defines several different transmission codes, as follows:

•a start bit

• an acknowledge bit

•a no-acknowledge bit

• an 8-bit message

•a stop bit

• the slave device 8-bit address

The SADDR pin and R13:0[10] are used to select between two different addresses in case

of conflict with another device. If SADDR XOR R13:0[10] is LOW, the slave address is 0x90;

if SADDR XOR R13:0[10] is HIGH, the slave address is 0xBA. See Table 26 below.

Sequence

A typical read or write sequence begins with the master sending a start bit. After the start

bit, the master sends the 8-bit slave device address. The last bit of the address determines

if the request is a READ or a WRITE, where a “0” indicates a WRITE and a “1” indicates a

READ. The slave device acknowledges its address by sending an acknowledge bit back to

the master.

If the request was a write, the master transfers the 8-bit register address for where a

WRITE should take place. The slave sends an acknowledge bit to indicate that the

with the slave sending an acknowledge bit after each 8 bits.

The MT9V125 uses 16-bit data for its internal registers, thus requiring two 8-bit transfers

to write to one register. After 16 bits are transferred, the register address is automatically

incremented, so that the next 16 bits are written to the next register address. The master

stops writing by sending a start or stop bit.

A typical read sequence is executed as follows. The master sends the write mode slave

address and 8-bit register address, just as in the write request. The master then sends a

start bit and the read mode slave address. The master clocks out the register data, 8 bits

Table 26: Two-Wire Interface ID Address Switching

SADDR R13:0[10] Two-Wire Interface Address ID

00 0x90

01 0xBA

10 0xBA

11 0x90

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A: Serial Bus Description

at a time and sends an acknowledge bit after each 8-bit transfer. The register address is

auto-incremented after every 16 bits is transferred. The data transfer is stopped when

the master sends a no-acknowledge bit.

Bus Idle State

The bus is idle when both the data and clock lines are HIGH. Control of the bus is initi-

ated with a start bit, and the bus is released with a stop bit. Only the master can generate

the start and stop bits.

Start Bit

The start bit is defined as a HIGH-to-LOW transition of the data line while the clock line

is HIGH.

Stop Bit

The stop bit is defined as a LOW-to-HIGH transition of the data line while the clock line

is HIGH.

Slave Address

The 8-bit address of a two-wire serial interface device consists of seven bits of address and

one bit of direction. A “0” in the LSB of the address indicates write mode, and a “1” indi-

cates read mode. The write address of the sensor is 0xBA; the read address is 0xBB. This

applies only when the SADDR is set HIGH.

Data Bit Transfer

One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The serial interface clock pulse is

provided by the master. The data must be stable during the HIGH period of the two-wire

serial interface clock—it can only change when the serial clock is LOW. Data is trans-

ferred eight bits at a time, followed by an acknowledge bit.

Acknowledge Bit

The master generates the acknowledge clock pulse. The transmitter (which is the master

when writing or the slave when reading) releases the data line, and the receiver signals

an acknowledge bit by pulling the data line LOW during the acknowledge clock pulse.

No-Acknowledge Bit

The no-acknowledge bit is generated when the data line is not pulled down by the

receiver during the acknowledge clock pulse. A no-acknowledge bit is used to terminate

a read sequence.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A: Serial Bus Description

Two-Wire Serial Interface Sample

Write and read sequences (SADDR = 1).

16-Bit WRITE Sequence

A typical write sequence for writing 16 bits to a register is shown in Figure 36. A start bit

sent by the master starts the sequence, followed by the write address. The image sensor

sends an acknowledge bit and expects the register address to come first, followed by the

16-bit data. After each 8-bit transfer, the image sensor sends an acknowledge bit. All 16

bits must be written before the register is updated. After 16 bits are transferred, the

next register. The master stops writing by sending a start or stop bit.

Figure 36: WRITE Timing to R0x009—Value 0x0284

16-Bit READ Sequence

A typical read sequence is shown in Figure 37. The master writes the register address, as

in a write sequence. Then a start bit and the read address specify that a read is about to

occur from the register. The master then clocks out the register data, 8 bits at a time. The

master sends an acknowledge bit after each 8-bit transfer. The register address should be

incremented after every 16 bits is transferred. The data transfer is stopped when the

master sends a no-acknowledge bit.

Figure 37: READ Timing From R0x009; Returned Value 0x0284

8-Bit WRITE Sequence

To be able to write one byte at a time to the register, a special register address is added.

The 8-bit WRITE is started by writing the upper 8 bits to the desired register, then writing

the lower 8 bits to the special register address (R0x0F1). The register is not updated until

all 16 bits have been written. It is not possible to update just half of a register. In

Figure 38 on page 60, a typical sequence for an 8-bit WRITE is shown. The second byte is

written to the special register (R0x0F1).

SCLK

DATA

0xBA Address

Start Sto

ACK ACK ACK ACK

Reg 0x009 0000 0010 1000 0100

SCLK

SDATA

0xBA Address

Start Start Stop

ACK ACK ACK ACK NACK

Reg0x009 0xBB Address 0000 0010 1000 0100

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A: Serial Bus Description

Figure 38: WRITE Timing to R0x009—Value 0x0284

8-Bit READ Sequence

To read one byte at a time, the same special register address is used for the lower byte.

The upper 8 bits are read from the desired register. By following this with a read from the

special register (R0x0F1), the lower 8 bits are accessed (Figure 39). The master sets the

no-acknowledge bits.

Figure 39: READ Timing From R0x009; Returned Value 0x0284

SCLK

DATA

0xBA Address

Start Stop

ACK ACK ACK

ACK

Reg0x009 0xBA Address

Start ACK ACK

Reg0x0F10000 0010 1000 0100

SCLK

DATA

0xBA Address

Start Start

ACK ACK ACK NACK

Reg0x009 0xBB Address 0000 0010

SCLK

DATA

0xBA Address

Start Start Stop

ACK ACK ACK NACK

Reg0x0F1 0xBB Address 1000 0100

• • •

continued

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A: Serial Bus Description

Two-Wire Serial Bus Timing

The two-wire serial interface operation requires a certain minimum of master clock

cycles between transitions. These are specified below in master clock cycles.

Figure 40: Serial Host Clock Period and Duty Cycle

Figure 41: Serial Host Interface Start Condition Timing

Figure 42: Serial Host Interface Stop Condition Timing

Notes: 1. All timing are in units of master clock cycle.

Figure 43: Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Write

Notes: 1. SDATA is driven by an off-chip transmitter.

SCLK

< 400 KHz Max

SCLK

SDATA

SCLK

SDATA

SCLK

SDATA

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix A: Serial Bus Description

Figure 44: Serial Host Interface Data Timing for Read

Notes: 1. SDATA is pulled LOW by the sensor or allowed to be pulled HIGH by a pull-up resistor off-chip.

Figure 45: Acknowledge Signal Timing after an 8-bit Write to the Sensor

Figure 46: Acknowledge Signal Timing after an 8-bit Read from the Sensor

Notes: 1. After a read, the master receiver must pull down SDATA to acknowledge receipt of data bits. When

read sequence is complete, the master must generate a no acknowledge by leaving SDATA to float

HIGH. On the following cycle, a start or stop bit may be used.

SCLK

SDATA

SCLK

Sensor pulls down

SDATA pin

SDATA

SCLK

Sensor tri-states SDATA pin

(turns off pull down)

SDATA

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix B–Sensor Core Characteristics

Description of Measurement Conditions

Note: All measurements are done at nominal power supply voltages, at default settings, and

at ambient room temperature except where noted. For microlens shifted array, mea-

surements are performed in the window 32 × 32 pixels in the center of pixel array,

where the signal value is maximum. All measurements in the dark are performed

across the whole pixel array.

Measurement Conditions 1

A standard pattern box (luminance 706 cd/m2, color temperature of 3100K halogen

source) is used as an illumination source. A lens with F5.6 and a standard CM500 IR-cut

filter (t = 1mm) is used to project the image from a uniformly illuminated surface of the

pattern box to the sensor. Signals in the center of each color plane, as an average of 128

frames, at default integration time and unity gain. Values of dark signals, (see “Measure-

ment Conditions 6” on page 64) are subtracted from light signals. Green response and

response comparison are calculated according to the following formula:

VG=(V

Gr + VGb)/2 (EQ 21)

Sg=V

G (LSB) (EQ 22)

Rr=V

R/VG(EQ 23)

Rb=V

B/VG(EQ 24)

Measurement Conditions 2

Illumination source and lens-filter are the same as in “Measurement Conditions 1”.

Image sensor characteristics are calculated for green pixels only, in a 16 x16 pixels

windows for Gr and Gb color planes, in LSB on the sensor output. Saturation signal is

measured at exposure 10 times higher than exposure corresponding to 500 LSB on the

sensor output at unity gain:

Vsat = (VGrsat + VGbsat)/2 (EQ 25)

Table 27: MT9V125 Rev4 Imager Sensor Core Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Unit Typ

(average) Measurement

condition Remarks

Sg Green response LSB 516 Conditions 1 T int = 1/120 s

Rr Response Comparison 0.611 Conditions 1 T int = 1/120 s

Rb 0.539 Conditions 1 T int = 1/120 s

Vsat Pixel saturation signal LSB 1023 Conditions 2 Gain = 1

tReadout noise LSB 4.11 Conditions 3 Gain = Max

tLSB 0.59 Conditions 3 Gain = 1

Vdark Dark current LSB/s 162 Conditions 4 Ts=55°C,

Gain = Max

PRNU Photoresponse non-uniformity % 0.87 Conditions 5 Gain = 1

DSNU Dark signal non-uniformity % 0.045 Conditions 6 Gain = Max

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio dB 38.5 Conditions 5 Gain = 1

DynR Dynamic Range dB 71.7 Conditions 6 Gain = Max

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix B–Sensor Core Characteristics

Measurement Conditions 3

The array is isolated from light. Readout noise – t – is measured as average temporal

noise across the whole pixel array, as an average for Gr and Gb color planes. Readout

noise is measured in LSB on the sensor output, using 128 frames, default integration

time with two different settings for gain: unity gain and maximum analog gain (511/32).

Measurement Conditions 4

The array is isolated from light. Dark current is measured at maximum analog gain

(511/32), across the whole pixel array, in LSBs on the sensor output, at sensor tempera-

ture equal to 55°C.

Measurement Conditions 5

Illumination source and lens-filter are the same as in Conditions 1. PRNU (an average

for Gr and Gb color planes) is calculated as a ratio of Fixed Pattern Noise to the Signal,

for the signal equivalent to 50% of saturation (exposure time is adjusted), at unity gain,

16 by 16 pixels windows for Gr and Gb color planes, using 128 frames. Values of dark

signals (see Conditions 6) are subtracted from light signals:

PRNUGr = (FPN

Gr /V

Gr) x 100% (EQ 26)

PRNUGb =(FPN

Gb/VGb) x 100% (EQ 27)

PRNU = (PRNUGr +PRNU

Gb)/2 (EQ 28)

SNR (an average of Gr and Gb color planes) is calculated as a ratio of green signal to

temporal noise at the signal equivalent to 50% of saturation (exposure time is adjusted),

at unity gain, using 128 frames, 16 x 16 pixels windows for Gr and Gb color planes,

according to the next formulas:

SNRGr =20 log

10 (VGr /



tGr ) (EQ 29)

SNRGb = 20 log10 (VG /



tGb ) (EQ 30)

SNR = (SNRGr + SNRGb)/2 (EQ 31)

Measurement Conditions 6

The array is isolated from light. Dark signal non-uniformity is measured across the

whole pixel array at default settings except gain, which is set to the maximum analog

value (511/32). Dark signal non-uniformity (an average of Gr and Gb color planes) is

calculated as a ratio of measured fixed pattern noise to the saturation signal

(see “Measurement Conditions 2” on page 63):

DSNUGr = (32 * FPNGr / 511) / VGrsat x 100% (EQ 32)

DSNUGb = (32 * FPNGb / 511) / VGbsat x 100% (EQ 33)

DSNU = (DSNUGr +DSNUGb)/2 (EQ 34)

Dynamic range (an average of Gr and Gb color planes) is calculated as a ratio of the satu-

ration signal (see “Measurement Conditions 2” on page 63) to readout noise measured at

the maximum analog gain value (511/32) (see “Measurement Conditions 3”), according

to next formulas:

DynRGr =20 log

10 ((VGrsat /



tGr) x (511/32)) (EQ 35)

DynRGb =20 log

10 ((VGbsat /



tGb) x (511/32)) (EQ 36)

DynR = (DynRGr +DynR

Gb)/2 (EQ 37)

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix B–Sensor Core Characteristics

Supplementary Plots

Figure 47: Typical Signal to Noise Ratio as a function of Exposure

Measurement Conditions

The array is illuminated from Davidson Optronic TVO system using green spectral filter

with max = 550±5nm and full width half maximum (FWHM) = 40nm. During measure-

ments, gain was adjusted to optimal for each value of exposure.

Signal to Noise Ratio vs Exposure

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1

Exposure, lux-s

Signal to Noise Ratio, dB

SNR max

Readout noise

limitation

Shot noise

limitation

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Appendix B–Sensor Core Characteristics

Figure 48: Typical Spectral Characteristic

MT9V125 Rev4 Quantum Efficiency

350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050

Wavelength (nm)

Quantum Efficiency (%)

Blue

Green

Red

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Revision History

Rev. V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4/16/15

• Updated “Ordering Information” on page 2

Rev. U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3/31/15

• Converted to ON Semiconductor template.

Rev. T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/4/11

• Updated trademarks

• Applied updated template

Rev. S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6/2/10

• Updated to non-confidential

Rev. R, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5/6/10

• Updated to Aptina template

• Transfered registers to register reference

Rev. Q, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/3/08

• Updated Figure 2: “Typical Usage Configuration with Overlay,” on page 7, moved

labels closed to their respective buses

• Added Figure 11 and Figure 12 on page 18 to explain AWB measurement area

• Updated description of AWB Window Boundaries in Table 15, “Camera Control

• Updated Figure 29 and Table 13 on page 43

• Added Figure 30 and Table 14 on page 44

• Updated Figure 3 on page 8

• Updated Note 1 in Table 13, “Parallel Input Data Timing Values Using DIN_CLK,” on

page 43

Rev. P, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8/3/07

•Added “Appendix B–Sensor Core Characteristics” on page 63.

• Added Figure 47: “Typical Signal to Noise Ratio as a function of Exposure,” on page 65.

• Added Figure 48: “Typical Spectral Characteristic,” on page 66.

• Updated Table 23, “Digital I/O Parameters,” on page 54.

• Updated Figure 40 and Figure 41 on page 61.

• Updated Figure 45 on page 62.

Rev. N, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4/03/07

• Updated Figure 32 on page 49, Figure 33 on page 50, Table 3 on page 9, Table 21 on

page 52 and, Table 22 on page 53.

Rev. M, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3/13/07

• Added I/O circuitry diagrams see Figure 32 on page 49 and Figure 33 on page 50.

• Re-ordered pads for DIN[7:0] and DOUT[7:0] in Table 3 on page 9.

• Updated Figure 34 on page 51.

•Fixed typos.

• Added DigitalClarity to trademarks on last page.

Rev. L, Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1/17/07

• Updates to Table 1 on page 1, Table 2 on page 2, and Table 20 on page 51.

MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Revision History

• Updates to Figure 3 on page 8, Figure 15 on page 25, Figure 19 on page 32.

• Updates to Figures 20 through Figure 24 on page 37.

• Updates to Figure 34 on page 51.

• Added Figure 40 on page 61.

• Minor changes for typos throughout document.

Rev. K, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11/29/06

• Updates to Figure 34 and Table 19 on page 48.

• Updates to Table 23 and Table 25 on page 55.

Rev. J, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11/21/06

• Updated register/variable information in the following tables: Table 10 on page 30,

Table 11 on page 32, Table 12 on page 34, Table 13 on page 39, Table 14 on page 48,

and Table 15 on page 63 for Rev4_3.

• Added ordering information in Table 2 on page 2.

Rev. H, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10/6/06

• Changed colors in Figure 1 on page 7, Figure 2 on page 7, Figure 3 on page 8, Figure 5

on page 11, and Figure 6 on page 11.

Rev. G, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8/29/06

• Added “Data Sheet Applicable To” on page 1.

• Added Table 25, “NTSC Signal Parameters,” on page 55.

• Updated See “Sensor Registers—Short Descriptions” on page 30.

• Updated register information in Table 13 on page 39, Table 14 on page 48, and

Table 15 on page 63.

• Updated package drawing Figure 35: 52-Ball iBGA Package Outline Drawing on

page 56.

Rev. F, Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8/1/06

• Updated all figures that were not using MarCom standard colors. No technical

content of the figures was changed.

• Updated Equation 1 on page 28 through Equation 20 on page 31 using FrameMaker

equation tool.

• Many changes were made to make the document more consistent with MarCom stan-

dards.

•Latin abbreviations were removed.

• NTSC/PAL changed to “NTSC and PAL” or “NTSC or PAL” where appropriate.

Rev. E, Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4/28/06

• Updated Table 13 on page 43.

• Updated Figure 33 on page 50.

• Updated Figure 3 on page 8 and added note about VAA and VAAPIX.

• Added note about VAA and VAAPIX to Table 3 on page 9.

• Fixed notes in Table 4, Readout Mode Register Settings – Dout Not Qualified and

Table 6, Readout Mode Register Settings – Dout Qualified.

• Removed “Preliminary” designation on Figure 20 on page 34, Figure 21 on page 35,

Figure 23 on page 37, and Figure 24 on page 37.

• Updated Figure 19 on page 32.

Rev. D, Preliminary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4/06/06

• Updated Figure 22 on page 36.

ON Semiconductor and the ON logo are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. SCILLC owns the

rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/

Patent-Marking.pdf. SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its

products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including

without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications

and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey

any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body,

or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.

Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and

distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such

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MT9V125: SOC VGA Digital Image Sensor

Revision History

Rev. C, Preliminary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11/3/05

• Updated register definitions from Rev1 to Rev2. New register listing formation.

• Updated NTSC/PAL termination recommendations with SMTPE Compliant sche-

matics.

• Updated "Minimum Horizontal Blanking (in sensor stand-alone mode)" on page 29.

• Updated "Maximum Shutter Delay" on page 31.

Rev. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .04/29/05

•Updated to Advance

• Added Register summaries; updated notation.

• Added Register descriptions; updated notation.

• Added multiple chapters and art.

Rev A, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .02/05

•Initial release