MIC69502
5A, Low V
IN
, Low V
OUT
µCap LDO
Regulator
Micrel Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel +1 (
408
) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com
December 2006
M9999-121406-B
General Description
The MIC69502 is a 5A, low dropout linear regulator that
provides low voltage high current outputs with a minimum
of external components. It offers high precision and ultra
low dropout of 500mV under worst case conditions.
The MIC69502 operates from an input voltage of 1.65V to
5.5V. It is designed to drive digital circuits requiring low
voltage at high currents (i.e. PLDs, DSP, microcontroller,
etc.). The MIC69502 output is adjustable to a minimum of
0.5V.
The µCap design of the MIC69502 is optimized for stability
with low value low-ESR ceramic output capacitors.
Protection features of the MIC69502 include thermal
shutdown and current limit protection. Logic enable and
error flag pins are also available.
The MIC69502 is offered in the space-efficient S-PAK
package. It has an operating temperature range of
–40°C to +125°C.
Data sheets and support documentation can be found on
Micrel’s web site at: www.micrel.com.
Features
• Input voltage range: V
IN
: 1.65V to 5.5V
• ±1.0% initial output tolerance
• Maximum dropout (V
IN
– V
OUT
) of 500mV
over temperature
• Adjustable output voltage down to 0.5V
• Stable with 10µF ceramic output capacitor (5A)
• Excellent line and load regulation specifications
• Logic controlled shutdown
• Thermal shutdown and current limit protection
• 7-Pin S-Pak package
• –40°C to +125°C Temperature Junction
Applications
• ASIC Core Voltage Regulator
• PLD/FPGA Core Power Supply
• Linear Point-of-Load Conversion
• High-Speed Post-Regulator
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Typical Application
Adjustable Regulator
0
50
250
300
350
Dropout Voltage
vs. Temperature
20 40 60 80
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
5A
2.5A
100
150
200
Micrel, Inc. MIC69502
December 2006
2 M9999-121406-B
Ordering Information
Part Number* Output
Current Output
Voltage** Junction
Temperature Range Package
MIC69502WR 5A Adj. –40° to +125°C 7-Pin S-PAK
Note:
* RoHS compliant with ‘high-melting solder’ exemption.
** For fixed voltages available, please contact Micrel marketing for details.
Pin Configur ation
7 ADJ
6 VOU
T
5 VOU
T
4 GND
3 VIN
2 VIN
1EN
7-Pin S-PAK (R)
Pin Description
Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function
1 EN
Enable (Input): CMOS compatible input. Logic high = enable,
logic low = shutdown. Do not float.
2, 3 VIN Input voltage which supplies current to the output power device.
4 GND Ground (TAB is connected to ground on S-Pak).
5, 6 VOUT Regulator Output.
7 ADJ Adjustable regulator feedback input. Connect to resistor voltage divider. Applies
only to adjustable output voltage parts.
Micrel, Inc. MIC69502
December 2006
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Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)
Supply Input Voltage (V
IN
)...........................................+6.0V
Enable Input Voltage (V
EN
).............................................. V
IN
Power Dissipation (P
D
) ........................... Internally Limited
(3)
Junction Temperature (T
J
) ..................–40°C ≤ T
J
≤ +125°C
Operating Ratings(2)
Supply Voltage (V
IN
)................................... +1.65V to +5.5V
Enable Input Voltage (V
EN
)..................................... 0V to V
IN
Junction Temperature (T
J
) ..................–40°C ≤ T
J
≤ +125°C
Package Thermal Resistance
S-PAK-7 (θ
JC
).......................................................2°C/W
Electrical Characteristics(4)
T
A
= 25°C with V
IN
= V
OUT
+ 1V; bold values indicate –40°C< T
J
< +125°C; I
OUT
= 10mA, unless noted.
Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units
Output Voltage Accuracy At 25°C
Over temperature range
–1
–2 +1
+2 %
%
Output Voltage Line Regulation
(Note 5)
V
IN
= V
OUT
+1.0V to 5.5V 0.2 0.5 %
Output Voltage Load Regulation I
L
= 10mA to 5A 0.2 %
V
IN
– V
O
; Dropout Voltage
(Note 6)
I
L
= 2.5A
I
L
= 5.0A
160
250
300
500
mV
mV
Ground Pin Current I
L
= 10mA
I
L
= 500mA
I
L
= 2.5A
I
L
= 5.0A
1
3
20
54
5
10
50
150
mA
mA
mA
mA
Ground Pin Current in Shutdown V
EN
= 0V 5 10 µA
Current Limit 5.5 10 A
Start-up Time V
EN
= V
IN
50
150 µs
Enable Input
Enable Input Threshold Regulator enable
Regulator shutdown
0.8 0.6
0.2 V
V
Enable Pin Input Current V
IN
≤ 0.2V (Regulator shutdown)
V
IN
≤ 0.8V (Regulator enable)
1
100
µA
µA
Notes:
1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device.
2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating.
3. The maximum allowable power dissipation of any T
A
(ambient temperature) is (P
D(max)
= T
J(max)
– T
A
) / θ
JA
. Exceeding the maximum allowable power
dissipation will result in excessive die temperature and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown.
4. Specification for packaged product only.
5. Minimum input for line regulation test is set to V
OUT
+ 1V relative to the highest output voltage.
6. Dropout voltage is defined as the input-to-output differential at which the output voltage drops 2% below its nominal value measured at 1V differential.
For outputs below 1.65V, dropout voltage is considered the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage of 1.65V. Minimum
input operating voltage is 1.65V.
Micrel, Inc. MIC69502
December 2006
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Typical Characteristics
1.65
1.75
1.85
1.95
1.65
1.70
1.90
Output Voltage
vs. Temperature
20 40 60 80
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V
IN
= V
OUT
+ 1V
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
I
OUT
= 10mA
1.80
0
10
20
70
Ground Current
vs. Temperature
20 40 60 80
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V
IN
= V
OUT
+ 1V
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
30
40
50
60 5A
2.5A
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
012345
LOAD CURRENT (A)
Ground Current
vs. Load Current
VIN = VOUT + 1V
VOUT = 1.8V
COUT = 10µF
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
012345
LOAD CURRENT (A)
Dropout Voltage
vs. Load Current
VOUT = 1.8V
COUT = 10µF
1.74
1.76
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.84
012345
LOAD CURRENT (A)
Output Voltage
vs. Load Current
VIN = VOUT + 1V
VOUT = 1.8V
COUT = 10µF
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
012345
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Output Voltage
vs. Input Voltage
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
2.5A
5A
0.01A
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Enable Threshold
vs. Input Voltage
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
I
OUT
= 10mA
0
50
250
300
350
Dropout Voltage
vs. Temperature
20 40 60 80
TEMPERATURE (°C)
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
5A
2.5A
100
150
200
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Power Supply
Rejection Ratio
FREQUENCY (kHz)
10.1 10 100 1,0000.01
1A
2A
100mA
3A
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
100 120 140 160 180 200
TEMPERATURE (C)
Thermal Shutdown
Micrel, Inc. MIC69502
December 2006
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Functional Characteristics
Enable
V
IN
= V
OUT
+ 1V
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
I
OUT
= 10mA
Output Voltage
(1V/div)
Enable
(500mV/div)
Time (4µs/div)
Line Transient
V
IN
= V
OUT
+ 1V
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
I
OUT
= 10mA
Input Voltage
(500mV/div)
Output Voltage
(20mV/div)
Time (400µs/div)
5V
4V
Load Transient
V
IN
= V
OUT
+ 1V
V
OUT
= 1.8V
C
OUT
= 10µF
Output Volta
g
e
(50mV/div)
Output Current
(2.5A/div)
Time (400µs/div)
5A
10mA
Micrel, Inc. MIC69502
December 2006
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Functional Diagram
ENABLE
IN
EN
OUT
ADJ
V
REF
0.5V
GND
Micrel, Inc. MIC69502
December 2006
7 M9999-121406-B
Application Information
The MIC69502 is an ultra-high performance low dropout
linear regulator designed for high current applications
requiring fast transient response. It utilizes a single input
supply and has very low dropout voltage perfect for low-
voltage DC-to-DC conversion. The MIC69502 requires a
minimum of external components. As a µCap regulator
the output is tolerant of virtually any type of capacitor
including ceramic and tantalum.
The MIC69502 regulator is fully protected from damage
due to fault conditions offering constant current limiting
and thermal shutdown.
Input Supply Voltage
V
IN
provides high current to the collector of the pass
transistor. The minimum input voltage is 1.65V allowing
conversion from low voltage supplies.
Output Capacitor
The MIC69502 requires a minimum of output
capacitance to maintain stability. However, proper
capacitor selection is important to ensure desired
transient response. The MIC69502 is specifically
designed to be stable with a wide range of capacitance
values and ESR. A 10µF ceramic chip capacitor should
satisfy most applications. See typical characteristics for
examples of load transient response.
X7R dielectric ceramic capacitors are recommended
because of their temperature performance. X7R-type
capacitors change capacitance by only 15% over their
operating temperature range and are the most stable
type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric
capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60%,
respectively over their operating temperature ranges. To
use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric the
value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic or a
tantalum capacitor to ensure the same capacitance
value over the operating temperature range. Tantalum
capacitors have a very stable dielectric (10% over their
operating temperature range) and can also be used with
this device.
Input Capacitor
An input capacitor of 1µF or greater is recommended
when the device is more than 4 inches away from the
bulk supply capacitance or when the supply is a battery.
Small, surface mount, ceramic chip capacitors can be
used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be placed
within 1" of the device for optimal performance. Larger
values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing
the input to the regulator further improving the integrity of
the output voltage.
Minimum Load Current
The MIC69502 regulator is specified between finite
loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents
dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum
load current is necessary for proper operation.
Adjustable Regulator Design
The MIC69502 adjustable version allows programming
the output voltage anywhere between 0.5V and 5.5V
with two resistors. The resistor value between V
OUT
and
the adjust pin should not exceed 10kΩ. Larger values
can cause instability. The resistor values are calculated
by:
⎟
⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜
⎜
⎝
⎛+∗= 1
R
R
0.5V
2
1
OUT
Where V
OUT
is the desired output voltage.
Enable
The MIC69502 features an active high enable input (EN)
that allows on-off control of the regulator. Current drain
reduces to near “zero” when the device is shutdown,
with only microamperes of leakage current. The EN input
has TTL/CMOS compatible thresholds for simple logic
interfacing. EN may be directly tied to V
IN
and pulled up
to the maximum supply voltage.
Thermal Design
Linear regulators are simple to use. The most
complicated design parameters to consider are thermal
characteristics. Thermal design requires the following
application-specific parameters:
• Maximum ambient temperature (T
A
)
• Output current (I
OUT
)
• Output voltage (V
OUT
)
• Input voltage (V
IN
)
• Ground current (I
GND
)
First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator
from these numbers and the device parameters from this
data sheet.
P
D
= (V
IN
– V
OUT
) I
OUT
+ V
IN
I
GND
where the ground current is approximated by using
numbers from the “Electrical Characteristics” or “Typical
Characteristics” sections. The heat sink thermal
resistance is then determined with this formula:
θ
SA
= ((T
J
(max) – T
A
)/ P
D
) – (θ
JC
+ θ
CS
)
Where T
J
(max) ≤125
°
C and θ
CS
is between 0
°
C and
2
°
C/W.
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December 2006 8
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The heat sink may be significantly reduced in
applications where the minimum input voltage is known
and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a
series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and
distribute the heat between this resistor and the
regulator. The low dropout properties of Micrel Super
βeta PNP
®
regulators allow significant reductions in
regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink
without compromising performance. When this technique
is employed, a capacitor of at least 1.0µF is needed
directly between the input and regulator ground.
Refer to “Application Note 9” for further details and
examples on thermal design and heat sink applications.
Micrel, Inc. MIC69502
December 2006 9
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Package Information
7-Pin S-PAK (R)
MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA
TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com
The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its
use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer.
Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product
can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A
Purchaser’s use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser’s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully
indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale.
© 2006 Micrel, Incorporated.
