3-Channel, Low Noise, Low Power, 16-/24-Bit, - ADC with On-Chip In-Amp AD7798/AD7799 RMS noise: 27 nV at 4.17 Hz (AD7799) 65 nV at 16.7 Hz (AD7799) 40 nV at 4.17 Hz (AD7798) 85 nV at 16.7 Hz (AD7798) Current: 380 A typical Power-down: 1 A maximum Low noise, programmable gain, instrumentation amp Update rate: 4.17 Hz to 470 Hz 3 differential inputs Internal clock oscillator Simultaneous 50 Hz/60 Hz rejection Reference detect Low-side power switch Programmable digital outputs Burnout currents Power supply: 2.7 V to 5.25 V -40C to +105C temperature range Independent interface power supply 16-lead TSSOP package INTERFACE 3-wire serial SPI(R), QSPITM, MICROWIRETM, and DSP compatible Schmitt trigger on SCLK APPLICATIONS Weigh scales Pressure measurement Strain gauge transducers Gas analysis Industrial process control Instrumentation Portable instrumentation Blood analysis Smart transmitters Liquid/gas chromotography 6-digit DVM FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM GND AVDD REFIN(+) REFIN(-) REFERENCE DETECT AD7798/AD7799 AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AIN2(+) AIN2(-) AIN3(+)/P1 AIN3(-)/P2 AVDD MUX - ADC IN-AMP SERIAL INTERFACE AND CONTROL LOGIC GND PSW DOUT/RDY DIN SCLK CS DVDD INTERNAL CLOCK GND AD7798: 16-BIT AD7799: 24-BIT Figure 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD7798/AD7799 are low power, low noise, complete analog front ends for high precision measurement applications. The AD7798/AD7799 contains a low noise, 16-/24-bit - ADC with three differential analog inputs. The on-chip, low noise instrumentation amplifier means that signals of small amplitude can be interfaced directly to the ADC. With a gain setting of 64, the rms noise is 27 nV for the AD7799 and 40 nV for the AD7798 when the update rate equals 4.17 Hz. On-chip features include a low-side power switch, reference detect, programmable digital output pins, burnout currents, and an internal clock oscillator. The output data rate from the part is software-programmable and can be varied from 4.17 Hz to 470 Hz. The part operates with a power supply from 2.7 V to 5.25 V. The AD7798 consumes a current of 300 A typical, whereas the AD7799 consumes 380 A typical. Both devices are housed in a 16-lead TSSOP package. Rev. 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All rights reserved. 04856-001 FEATURES AD7798/AD7799 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 IO Register................................................................................... 17 Interface ............................................................................................. 1 Offset Register ............................................................................ 17 Applications....................................................................................... 1 Full-Scale Register...................................................................... 17 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 ADC Circuit Information.............................................................. 18 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Overview ..................................................................................... 18 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Digital Interface.......................................................................... 19 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Circuit Description......................................................................... 22 Timing Characteristics..................................................................... 6 Analog Input Channel ............................................................... 22 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 8 Instrumentation Amplifier........................................................ 22 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 8 Bipolar/Unipolar Configuration .............................................. 22 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions............................. 9 Data Output Coding .................................................................. 23 Output Noise and Resolution Specifications .............................. 10 Burnout Currents ....................................................................... 23 AD7798 ........................................................................................ 10 Reference ..................................................................................... 23 AD7799 ........................................................................................ 11 Reference Detect......................................................................... 23 Typical Performance Characteristics ........................................... 12 Reset ............................................................................................. 23 On-Chip Registers .......................................................................... 13 AVDD Monitor ............................................................................. 24 Communication Register .......................................................... 13 Calibration................................................................................... 24 Status Register ............................................................................. 14 Grounding and Layout .............................................................. 25 Mode Register ............................................................................. 14 Applications Information .............................................................. 26 Configuration Register .............................................................. 16 Weigh Scales................................................................................ 26 Data Register ............................................................................... 17 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 27 ID Register................................................................................... 17 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 27 REVISION HISTORY 3/07--Rev. 0 to Rev. A Updated Format..................................................................Universal Changes to Specifications ................................................................ 3 Changes to Table 5 and Table 6..................................................... 10 Changes to Table 7 and Table 8..................................................... 11 Changes to Table 14........................................................................ 15 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 27 1/05--Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. A | Page 2 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 SPECIFICATIONS AVDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V; DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V; GND = 0 V; REFIN(+) = AVDD; REFIN(-) = 0 V. All specifications TMIN to TMAX, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter ADC CHANNEL Output Update Rate No Missing Codes 2 Resolution Output Noise and Update Rates Integral Nonlinearity Offset Error 3 Offset Error Drift vs. Temperature 4 Full-Scale Error3, 5 Gain Drift vs. Temperature4 Power Supply Rejection ANALOG INPUTS Differential Input Voltage Ranges Absolute AIN Voltage Limits2 Unbuffered Mode Buffered Mode In-Amp Active Common-Mode Voltage, VCM Analog Input Current Buffered Mode or In-Amp Active Average Input Current2 Average Input Current Drift Unbuffered Mode Average Input Current Average Input Current Drift Normal Mode Rejection2 @ 50 Hz, 60 Hz @ 50 Hz @ 60 Hz Common-Mode Rejection @ DC @ 50 Hz, 60 Hz2 @ 50 Hz, 60 Hz2 AD7798B/AD7799B 1 Unit 4.17 - 470 24 16 Hz nom Bits min Bits min 15 1 10 10 1 100 ppm of FSR max V typ nV/C typ V typ ppm/C typ dB min AIN = 1 V/gain, gain 4 VREF/gain V nom VREF = REFIN(+) - REFIN(-), gain = 1 to 128 GND - 30 mV AVDD + 30 mV GND + 100 mV AVDD - 100 mV GND + 300 mV AVDD - 1.1 0.5 V min V max V min V max V min V max V min Gain = 1 or 2 1 250 1 2 nA max pA max nA max pA/C typ 400 50 nA/V typ pA/V/C typ 65 80 90 dB min dB min dB min 80 dB typ, 50 1 Hz, 60 1 Hz (FS[3:0] = 1010) 6 90 dB typ, 50 1 Hz (FS[3:0] = 1001)6 100 dB typ, 60 1 Hz (FS[3:0] = 1000)6 100 100 100 dB min dB min dB min AIN = 1 V/gain, gain 4 50 1 Hz, 60 1 Hz (FS[3:0] = 1010)6 50 1 Hz (FS[3:0] = 10016), 60 1 Hz (FS[3:0] = 10006) Rev. A | Page 3 of 28 Test Conditions/Comments AD7799: fADC < 242 Hz AD7798 See Table 5 to Table 8 See Table 5 to Table 8 Gain = 1 or 2 Gain = 4 to 128 VCM = (AIN(+) + AIN(-))/2, gain = 4 to 128 Gain = 1 or 2, update rate < 100 Hz Gain = 4 to 128, update rate < 100 Hz AIN3(+)/AIN3(-), update rate < 100 Hz Gain = 1 or 2 Input current varies with input voltage AD7798/AD7799 Parameter REFERENCE External REFIN Voltage Reference Voltage Range2 Absolute REFIN Voltage Limits2 Average Reference Input Current Average Reference Input Current Drift Normal Mode Rejection Common-Mode Rejection Reference Detect Levels LOW-SIDE POWER SWITCH RON Allowable Current2 DIGITAL OUTPUTS (P1 and P2) Output High Voltage, VOH2 Output Low Voltage, VOL2 Output High Voltage, VOH2 Output Low Voltage, VOL2 INTERNAL CLOCK Frequency2 LOGIC INPUTS CS2 Input Low Voltage, VINL Input High Voltage, VINH SCLK and DIN (Schmitt-Triggered Input)2 VT(+) VT(-) VT(+) - VT(-) VT(+) VT(-) VT(+) - VT(-) Input Currents Input Capacitance LOGIC OUTPUTS Output High Voltage, VOH2 Output Low Voltage, VOL2 Output High Voltage, VOH2 Output Low Voltage, VOL2 Floating-State Leakage Current Floating-State Output Capacitance Data Output Coding AD7798B/AD7799B 1 Unit Test Conditions/Comments 2.5 0.1 AVDD V nom V min V max REFIN = REFIN(+) - REFIN(-) GND - 30 mV AVDD + 30 mV 400 0.03 Same as for analog inputs 100 0.3 0.65 V min V max nA/V typ nA/V/C typ dB typ V min V max NOXREF bit active if VREF < 0.3 V 7 9 30 max max mA max AVDD = 5 V AVDD = 3 V Continuous current AVDD - 0.6 0.4 4 0.4 V min V max V min V max AVDD = 3 V, ISOURCE = 100 A AVDD = 3 V, ISINK = 100 A AVDD = 5 V, ISOURCE = 200 A AVDD = 5 V, ISINK = 800 A 64 3% kHz min/max 0.8 V max DVDD = 5 V 0.4 2.0 V max V min DVDD = 3 V DVDD = 3 V or 5 V 1.4/2 0.8/1.7 0.1/0.17 0.9/2 0.4/1.35 0.06/0.13 10 10 V min/max V min/max V min/max V min/max V min/max V min/max A max pF typ DVDD = 5 V DVDD = 5 V DVDD = 5 V DVDD = 3 V DVDD = 3 V DVDD = 3 V VIN = DVDD or GND All digital inputs DVDD - 0.6 0.4 4 0.4 10 10 Offset binary V min V max V min V max A max pF typ DVDD = 3 V, ISOURCE = 100 A DVDD = 3 V, ISINK = 100 A DVDD = 5 V, ISOURCE = 200 A DVDD = 5 V, ISINK = 1.6 mA Rev. A | Page 4 of 28 When VREF = AVDD, the differential input must be limited to (0.9 x VREF/gain) if the in-amp is active. AD7798/AD7799 Parameter SYSTEM CALIBRATION2 Full-Scale Calibration Limit Zero-Scale Calibration Limit Input Span POWER REQUIREMENTS 7 Power Supply Voltage AVDD - GND DVDD - GND Power Supply Currents IDD Current IDD (Power-Down Mode) AD7798B/AD7799B 1 Unit Test Conditions/Comments 1.05 x FS V max FS = Full-scale analog input. When VREF = AVDD, the differential input must be limited to (0.9 x VREF/gain) if the in-amp is active. -1.05 x FS 0.8 x FS 2.1 x FS V min V min V max 2.7/5.25 2.7/5.25 V min/max V min/max 140 A max 180 A max 400 A max 500 A max 1 A max 1 Unbuffered mode, 110 A typ @ AVDD = 3 V, 125 A typ @ AVDD = 5 V Buffered mode, gain = 1 or 2, 130 A typ @ AVDD = 3 V, 165 A typ @ AVDD = 5 V AD7798: gain = 4 to 128, 300 A typ @ AVDD = 3 V, 350 A typ @ AVDD = 5 V AD7799: gain = 4 to 128, 380 A typ @ AVDD = 3 V, 440 A typ @ AVDD = 5 V Temperature range is -40C to +105C. At the 19.6 Hz and 39.2 Hz update rates, the INL, power supply rejection (PSR), common-mode rejection (CMR), and normal mode rejection (NMR) do not meet the data sheet specification if the voltage on the AIN(+) or AIN(-) pins exceeds AVDD - 1.6 V typically. When this voltage is exceeded, the INL, for example, is reduced to 18 ppm of FS typically and the PSR is reduced to 69 dB typically. Therefore, for guaranteed performance at these update rates, the absolute voltage on the analog input pins needs to be below AVDD - 1.6 V. 2 Specification is not production tested, but is supported by characterization data at initial product release. 3 Following a calibration, this error is in the order of the noise for the programmed gain and update rate selected. 4 Recalibration at any temperature removes these errors. 5 Full-scale error applies to both positive and negative full-scale and applies at the factory calibration conditions (AVDD = 4 V, gain = 1, TA = 25C). 6 FS[3:0] are the four bits used in the mode register to select the output word rate. 7 Digital inputs equal to DVDD or GND. Rev. A | Page 5 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 TIMING CHARACTERISTICS AVDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V, DVDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V, GND = 0 V, Input Logic 0 = 0 V, Input Logic 1 = DVDD, unless otherwise noted. Table 2. Parameter 1, 2 t3 t4 Read Operation t1 t2 3 t5 5, 6 t6 t7 Write Operation t8 t9 t10 t11 Limit at TMIN, TMAX (B Version) 100 100 Unit ns min ns min Conditions/Comments SCLK high pulse width SCLK low pulse width 0 60 80 0 60 80 10 80 0 10 ns min ns max ns max ns min ns max ns max ns min ns max ns min ns min CS falling edge to DOUT/RDY active time DVDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V DVDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V SCLK active edge to data valid delay 4 DVDD = 4.75 V to 5.25 V DVDD = 2.7 V to 3.6 V Bus relinquish time after CS inactive edge 0 30 25 0 ns min ns min ns min ns min CS falling edge to SCLK active edge setup time4 Data valid to SCLK edge setup time Data valid to SCLK edge hold time CS rising edge to SCLK edge hold time SCLK inactive edge to CS inactive edge SCLK inactive edge to DOUT/RDY high 1 Sample tested during initial release to ensure compliance. All input signals are specified with tR = tF = 5 ns (10% to 90% of DVDD) and timed from a voltage level of 1.6 V. See Figure 3 and Figure 4. 3 These times are measured with the load circuit of Figure 2 and defined as the time required for the output to cross the V OL or VOH limits. 4 SCLK active edge is the falling edge of SCLK. 5 These times are derived from the measured time taken by the data output to change 0.5 V when loaded with the circuit of Figure 2. The measured time is then extrapolated back to remove the effects of charging or discharging the 50 pF capacitor. This means that the times quoted in the timing characteristics are the true bus relinquish times of the part and, as such, are independent of external bus loading capacitances. 6 RDY returns high after a read of the ADC. In single-conversion mode and continuous-conversion mode, data can be reread, if required, while RDY is high, but care should be taken to ensure that subsequent reads do not occur close to the next output update. In continuous read mode, the digital word can be read only once. 2 ISINK (1.6mA WITH DVDD = 5V, 100A WITH DVDD = 3V) TO OUTPUT PIN 1.6V ISOURCE (200A WITH DVDD = 5V, 100A WITH DVDD = 3V) Figure 2. Load Circuit for Timing Characterization Rev. A | Page 6 of 28 04856-002 50pF AD7798/AD7799 CS (I) t6 t1 t5 MSB DOUT/RDY (O) LSB t7 t2 t3 04856-003 SCLK (I) t4 I = INPUT, O = OUTPUT Figure 3. Read Cycle Timing Diagram CS (I) t11 t8 SCLK (I) t9 t10 MSB LSB I = INPUT, O = OUTPUT Figure 4. Write Cycle Timing Diagram Rev. A | Page 7 of 28 04856-004 DIN (I) AD7798/AD7799 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted. Table 3. Parameter AVDD to GND DVDD to GND Analog Input Voltage to GND Reference Input Voltage to GND Digital Input Voltage to GND Digital Output Voltage to GND AIN/Digital Input Current Operating Temperature Range Storage Temperature Range Maximum Junction Temperature TSSOP JA Thermal Impedance JC Thermal Impedance Lead Temperature, Soldering Vapor Phase (60 sec) Infrared (15 sec) Rating -0.3 V to +7 V -0.3 V to +7 V -0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V -0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V -0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V -0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V 10 mA -40C to +85C -65C to +150C 150C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ESD CAUTION 128C/W 14C/W 215C 220C Rev. A | Page 8 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 SCLK 1 16 DIN CS 2 15 DOUT/RDY AIN3(+)/P1 3 14 DVDD AIN3(-)/P2 4 13 AVDD AIN1(+) 5 12 GND AIN1(-) 6 11 PSW AIN2(+) 7 10 REFIN(-) AIN2(-) 8 9 REFIN(+) AD7798/ AD7799 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) 04856-005 PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS Figure 5. Pin Configuration Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 Mnemonic SCLK 2 CS 3 AIN3(+)/P1 4 AIN3(-)/P2 5 6 7 8 9 AIN1(+) AIN1(-) AIN2(+) AIN2(-) REFIN(+) 10 REFIN(-) 11 12 13 14 PSW GND AVDD DVDD 15 DOUT/RDY 16 DIN Description Serial Clock Input. This serial clock input is for data transfers to and from the ADC. The SCLK has a Schmitt-triggered input, making the interface suitable for opto-isolated applications. The serial clock can be continuous, with all data transmitted in a continuous train of pulses. Alternatively, it can be noncontinuous, with the information transmitted to or from the ADC in smaller batches of data. Chip Select Input. This is an active low logic input used to select the ADC. CS can be used to select the ADC in systems with more than one device on the serial bus, or it can be used as a frame synchronization signal when communicating with the device. CS can be hardwired low, allowing the ADC to operate in 3-wire mode, with SCLK, DIN, and DOUT/RDY used to interface with the device. Analog Input/Digital Output Pin. AIN3(+) is the positive terminal of the differential analog input pair AIN3(+)/AIN3(-). Alternatively, this pin can function as a general-purpose output bit referenced between AVDD and GND Analog Input/Digital Output Pin. AIN3(-) is the negative terminal of the differential analog input pair AIN3(+)/AIN3(-). Alternatively, this pin can function as a general-purpose output bit referenced between AVDD and GND Analog Input. AIN1(+) is the positive terminal of the differential analog input pair AIN1(+)/AIN1(-). Analog Input. AIN1(-) is the negative terminal of the differential analog input pair AIN1(+)/AIN1(-). Analog Input. AIN2(+) is the positive terminal of the differential analog input pair AIN2(+)/AIN2(-). Analog Input. AIN2(-) is the negative terminal of the differential analog input pair AIN2(+)/AIN2(-). Positive Reference Input. An external reference can be applied between REFIN(+) and REFIN(-). REFIN(+) can lie anywhere between AVDD and GND + 0.1 V. The nominal reference voltage (REFIN(+) - REFIN(-)) is 2.5 V, but the part can function with a reference from 0.1 V to AVDD. Negative Reference Input. REFIN(-) is the negative reference input for REFIN. This reference input can lie anywhere between GND and AVDD - 0.1 V. Low-Side Power Switch to GND. Ground Reference Point. Supply Voltage. 2.7 V to 5.25 V. Digital Interface Supply Voltage. The logic levels for the serial interface pins are related to this supply, which is between 2.7 V and 5.25 V. The DVDD voltage is independent of the voltage on AVDD; therefore, AVDD can equal 5 V with DVDD at 3 V, or vice versa. Serial Data Output/Data Ready Output. DOUT/RDY serves a dual purpose. It functions as a serial data output pin to access the output shift register of the ADC. The output shift register can contain data from any of the on-chip data or control registers. In addition, DOUT/RDY operates as a data ready pin, going low to indicate the completion of a conversion. If the data is not read after the conversion, the pin goes high before the next update occurs. The DOUT/RDY falling edge can be used as an interrupt to a processor, indicating that valid data is available. With an external serial clock, the data can be read using the DOUT/RDY pin. With CS low, the data/control word information is placed on the DOUT/RDY pin on the SCLK falling edge and is valid upon the SCLK rising edge. Serial Data Input to the Input Shift Register on the ADC. Data in this shift register is transferred to the control registers within the ADC, with the register selection bits of the communication register identifying the appropriate register. Rev. A | Page 9 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 OUTPUT NOISE AND RESOLUTION SPECIFICATIONS AD7798 the effective resolution is calculated using the rms noise, whereas the peak-to-peak resolution is based on the peak-to-peak noise. The peak-to-peak resolution represents the resolution for which there is no code flicker. These numbers are typical and are rounded to the nearest LSB. Table 5 shows the AD7798 output rms noise for some update rates and gain settings. The numbers given are for the bipolar input range with a 2.5 V reference. These numbers are typical and are generated with a differential input voltage of 0 V. Table 6 shows the effective resolution, and the output peak-to-peak resolution is shown in parentheses. It is important to note that Table 5. Output RMS Noise (V) vs. Gain and Output Update Rate for the AD7798 Using a 2.5 V Reference Update Rate 4.17 Hz 8.33 Hz 16.7 Hz 33.2 Hz 62 Hz 123 Hz 242 Hz 470 Hz Gain of 1 0.64 1.04 1.55 2.3 2.95 4.89 11.76 11.33 Gain of 2 0.6 0.96 1.45 2.13 2.85 4.74 9.5 9.44 Gain of 4 0.29 0.38 0.54 0.74 0.92 1.49 4.02 3.07 Gain of 8 0.22 0.26 0.36 0.5 0.58 1 1.96 1.79 Gain of 16 0.1 0.13 0.18 0.23 0.29 0.48 0.88 0.99 Gain of 32 0.065 0.078 0.11 0.17 0.2 0.32 0.45 0.63 Gain of 64 0.039 0.057 0.087 0.124 0.153 0.265 0.379 0.568 Gain of 128 0.041 0.055 0.086 0.118 0.144 0.283 0.397 0.593 Table 6. Typical Resolution (Bits) vs. Gain and Output Update Rate for the AD7798 Using a 2.5 V Reference Update Rate 4.17 Hz 8.33 Hz 16.7 Hz 33.2 Hz 62 Hz 123 Hz 242 Hz 470 Hz Gain of 1 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) Gain of 2 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (15.5) 16 (15.5) Gain of 4 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (15.5) 16 (16) Gain of 8 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (15.5) 16 (16) Rev. A | Page 10 of 28 Gain of 16 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (15.5) Gain of 32 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (15.5) Gain of 64 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (15.5) 16 (15) 16 (14.5) Gain of 128 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (16) 16 (15.5) 16 (14.5) 16 (14) 15.5 (13.5) AD7798/AD7799 AD7799 resolution is calculated using the rms noise, whereas the peak-to-peak resolution is based on peak-to-peak noise. The peak-to-peak resolution represents the resolution for which there is no code flicker. These numbers are typical and are rounded to the nearest LSB. Table 7 shows the AD7799 output rms noise for some update rates and gain settings. The numbers given are for the bipolar input range with a 2.5 V reference. These numbers are typical and are generated with a differential input voltage of 0 V. Table 8 shows the effective resolution, and the output peak-to-peak resolution is given in parentheses. Note that the effective Table 7. Output RMS Noise (V) vs. Gain and Output Update Rate for the AD7799 Using a 2.5 V Reference Update Rate 4.17 Hz 8.33 Hz 16.7 Hz 33.2 Hz 62 Hz 123 Hz 242 Hz 470 Hz Gain of 1 0.64 1.04 1.55 2.3 2.95 4.89 11.76 11.33 Gain of 2 0.6 0.96 1.45 2.13 2.85 4.74 9.5 9.44 Gain of 4 0.185 0.269 0.433 0.647 0.952 1.356 3.797 3.132 Gain of 8 0.097 0.165 0.258 0.364 0.586 0.785 2.054 1.773 Gain of 16 0.075 0.108 0.176 0.24 0.361 0.521 1.027 1.107 Gain of 32 0.035 0.048 0.085 0.118 0.178 0.265 0.476 0.5 Gain of 64 0.027 0.037 0.065 0.097 0.133 0.192 0.326 0.413 Gain of 128 0.027 0.040 0.065 0.094 0.134 0.192 0.308 0.374 Table 8. Typical Resolution (Bits) vs. Gain and Output Update Rate for the AD7799 Using a 2.5 V Reference Update Rate 4.17 Hz 8.33 Hz 16.7 Hz 33.3 Hz 62 Hz 123 Hz 242 Hz 470 Hz Gain of 1 23 (20.5) 22 (19.5) 21.5 (19) 21 (18.5) 20.5 (18) 20 (17.5) 18.5 (16) 18.5 (16) Gain of 2 22 (19.5) 21.5 (19) 20.5 (18) 20 (17.5) 19.5 (17) 19 (16.5) 18 (15.5) 18 (15.5) Gain of 4 22.5 (20) 22 (19.5) 21.5 (19) 21 (18.5) 20.5 (18) 20 (17.5) 18.5 (16) 18.5 (16) Gain of 8 22.5 (20) 22 (19.5) 21 (18.5) 20.5 (18) 20 (17.5) 19.5 (17) 18 (15.5) 18.5 (16) Rev. A | Page 11 of 28 Gain of 16 22 (19.5) 21.5 (19) 21 (18.5) 20.5 (18) 19.5 (17) 19 (16.5) 18 (15.5) 18 (15.5) Gain of 32 22 (19.5) 21.5 (19) 21 (18.5) 20.5 (18) 19.5 (17) 19 (16.5) 18.5 (16) 18.5 (16) Gain of 64 21.5 (19) 21 (18.5) 20 (17.5) 19.5 (17) 19 (16.5) 18.5 (16) 18 (15.5) 17.5 (15) Gain of 128 20.5 (18) 20 (17.5) 19 (16.5) 18.5 (16) 18 (15.5) 17.5 (15) 17 (14.5) 16.5 (14) AD7798/AD7799 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 30 8388640 25 8388630 OCCURRENCE 20 8388610 8388600 10 8388669 999 8388640 800 SAMPLES 8388620 600 8388600 400 8388549 200 8388580 0 04856-006 0 04856-009 5 8388590 8388580 15 8388560 CODE 8388620 CODE Figure 6. AD7799 Noise (VREF = AVDD/2, Gain = 64, Update Rate = 4.17 Hz) Figure 9. AD7799 Noise Distribution Histogram (VREF = AVDD/2, Gain = 64, Update Rate = 16.7 Hz) 50 3.0 VDD = 5V UPDATE RATE = 16.6Hz TA = 25C 40 RMS NOISE (V) 20 04856-007 10 8388660 CODE 8388640 8388620 8388600 8388580 04856-008 8388560 400 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 Figure 10. RMS Noise vs. Reference Voltage (Gain = 1) 8388680 200 0 REFERENCE VOLTAGE (V) Figure 7. AD7799 Noise Distribution Histogram (VREF = AVDD/2, Gain = 64, Update Rate = 4.17 Hz) 0 1.0 0 CODE 8388540 1.5 0.5 8388635 8388630 8388620 8388610 8388600 8388590 8388581 0 2.0 04856-010 OCCURRENCE 2.5 30 600 800 999 SAMPLES Figure 8. AD7799 Noise (VREF = AVDD/2, Gain = 64, Update Rate = 16.7 Hz) Rev. A | Page 12 of 28 5.0 AD7798/AD7799 ON-CHIP REGISTERS The ADC is controlled and configured via a number of on-chip registers, which are described on the following pages. In the following descriptions, set implies a Logic 1 state and cleared implies a Logic 0 state, unless otherwise stated. COMMUNICATION REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 0, 0, 0 The communication register is an 8-bit, write-only register. All communication to the part must start with a write operation to the communication register. The data written to the communication register determines whether the next operation is a read or write operation, and to which register this operation takes place. After the read or write operation is complete, the interface returns to its default state, where it expects a write operation to the communication register. In situations where the interface sequence is lost, a write operation of at least 32 serial clock cycles with DIN high returns the ADC to this default state by resetting the entire part. Table 9 outlines the bit designations for the communication register. CR0 through CR7 indicate the bit location, with CR denoting that the bits are in the communication register. CR7 denotes the first bit of the data stream. The number in parentheses indicates the power-on/reset default status of that bit. CR7 WEN(0) CR6 R/W(0) CR5 RS2(0) CR4 RS1(0) CR3 RS0(0) CR2 CREAD(0) CR1 0(0) CR0 0(0) Table 9. Communication Register Bit Designations Bit Location CR7 Bit Name WEN CR6 R/W CR5 to CR3 RS2 to RS0 CR2 CREAD CR1 to CR0 0 Description Write Enable Bit. A 0 must be written to this bit so that the write to the communication register occurs. If a 1 is the first bit written, the part does not clock subsequent bits into the register. It stays at this bit location until a 0 is written to this bit. Once a 0 is written to the WEN bit, the next seven bits are loaded to the communication register. Read/Write Bit. A 0 in this bit location indicates that the next operation is a write to a specified register. A 1 in this position indicates that the next operation is a read from the designated register. Register Address Bits. These bits are used to select the register during the serial interface communication. See Table 10. Continuous Read of the Data Register Bit. When this bit is set to 1 and the data register is selected, the serial interface is configured so that the data register can be continuously read, that is, the contents of the data register are placed on the DOUT pin automatically when the SCLK pulses are applied after the RDY pin goes low to indicate that a conversion is complete. The communication register does not have to be written to for data reads. To enable continuous read mode, the instruction 01011100 must be written to the communication register. To exit the continuous read mode, the instruction 01011000 must be written to the communication register while the RDY pin is low. While in continuous read mode, the ADC monitors activity on the DIN line for the instruction to exit continuous read mode. Additionally, a reset occurs if 32 consecutive 1s are seen on DIN. Therefore, DIN should be held low in continuous read mode until an instruction is to be written to the device. These bits must be programmed to Logic 0 for correct operation. Table 10. Register Selection RS2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 RS1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 RS0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Register Communication register during a write operation Status register during a read operation Mode register Configuration register Data register ID register IO register Offset register Full-scale register Rev. A | Page 13 of 28 Register Size 8 bits 8 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits (AD7798)/24 bits (AD7799) 8 bits 8 bits 16 bits (AD7798)/24 bits (AD7799) 16 bits (AD7798)/24 bits (AD7799) AD7798/AD7799 STATUS REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 0, 0, 0; Power-On/Reset = 0x80 (AD7798)/0x88 (AD7799) The status register is an 8-bit, read-only register. To access the status register, the user must write to the communication register, select the next operation to be a read, and load Bit RS2, Bit RS1, and Bit RS0 with 0. Table 11 outlines the bit designations for the status register. SR0 through SR7 indicate the bit locations, with SR denoting that the bits are in the status register. SR7 denotes the first bit of the data stream. The number in parentheses indicates the power-on/reset default status of the bit. SR7 RDY(1) SR6 ERR(0) SR5 NOREF(0) SR4 0(0) SR3 0/1 SR2 CH2(0) SR1 CH1(0) SR0 CH0(0) Table 11. Status Register Bit Designations Bit Location SR7 Bit Name RDY SR6 ERR SR5 NOREF SR4 SR3 SR2 to SR0 0 0/1 CH2 to CH0 Description Ready Bit. Cleared when data is written to the data register. Set after the data register is read or after a period of time before the data register is updated with a new conversion result to indicate to the user not to read the conversion data. It is also set when the part is placed in power-down mode. The end of a conversion is indicated by the DOUT/RDY pin. This pin can be used as an alternative to the status register for monitoring the ADC for conversion data. Error Bit. This bit is written to at the same time as the RDY bit. Set to indicate that the result written to the data register is clamped to all 0s or all 1s. Error sources include overrange and underrange. Cleared by a write operation to start a conversion. No Reference Bit. Set to indicate that the reference (REFIN) is at a voltage below a specified threshold. When NOREF is set, conversion results are clamped to all 1s. Cleared to indicate that a valid reference is applied to the reference pins. The NOREF bit is enabled by setting the REF_DET bit in the configuration register to 1. This bit is automatically cleared. This bit is automatically cleared on the AD7798 and automatically set on the AD7799. These bits indicate which channel is being converted by the ADC. MODE REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 0, 0, 1; Power-On/Reset = 0x000A The mode register is a 16-bit register from which data can be read or to which data can be written. This register is used to select the operating mode, update rate, and low-side power switch. Table 12 outlines the bit designations for the mode register. MR0 through MR15 indicate the bit locations, with MR denoting that the bits are in the mode register. MR15 denotes the first bit of the data stream. The number in parentheses indicates the power-on/reset default status of that bit. A write to the mode register resets the modulator and filter and sets the RDY bit. MR15 MD2(0) MR7 0(0) MR14 MD1(0) MR6 0(0) MR13 MD0(0) MR5 0(0) MR12 PSW(0) MR4 0(0) MR11 0(0) MR3 FS3(1) MR10 0(0) MR2 FS2(0) MR9 0(0) MR1 FS1(1) MR8 0(0) MR0 FS0(0) Table 12. Mode Register Bit Designations Bit Location MR15 to MR13 MR12 Bit Name MD2 to MD0 PSW MR11 to MR4 MR3 to MR0 0 FS3 to FS0 Description Mode Select Bits. These bits select the operational mode of the AD7798/AD7799 (see Table 13). Power Switch Control Bit. Set by user to close the power switch PSW to GND. The power switch can sink up to 30 mA. Cleared by user to open the power switch. When the ADC is placed in power-down mode, the power switch is opened. These bits must be programmed with a Logic 0 for correct operation. Filter Update Rate Select Bits (see Table 14). Rev. A | Page 14 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 Table 13. Operating Modes MD2 0 MD1 0 MD0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Mode Continuous-Conversion Mode (Default). In continuous-conversion mode, the ADC continuously performs conversions and places the result in the data register. RDY goes low when a conversion is complete. After power-on, a channel change, or a write to the mode, configuration, or IO registers, the first conversion is available after a period of 2/fADC, and subsequent conversions are available at a frequency of fADC. Single-Conversion Mode. When single-conversion mode is selected, the ADC powers up and performs a single conversion. The oscillator requires 1 ms to power up and settle. The ADC then performs the conversion, which takes a time of 2/fADC. The conversion result is placed in the data register, RDY goes low, and the ADC returns to powerdown mode. The conversion remains in the data register and RDY remains active (low) until the data is read or another conversion is performed. Idle Mode. In idle mode, the ADC filter and modulator are held in a reset state, although the modulator clocks are still provided. Power-Down Mode. In this mode, all AD7798/AD7799 circuitry is powered down, including the burnout currents. Internal Zero-Scale Calibration. An internal short is automatically connected to the enabled channel. A calibration takes two conversion cycles to complete. RDY goes high when the calibration is initiated and returns low when the calibration is complete. The ADC is placed in idle mode following a calibration. The measured offset coefficient is placed in the offset register of the selected channel. Internal Full-Scale Calibration. A full-scale input voltage is automatically connected to the selected analog input for this calibration. When the gain equals 1, a calibration takes two conversion cycles to complete. For higher gains, four conversion cycles are required to perform the full-scale calibration. RDY goes high when the calibration is initiated and returns low when the calibration is complete. The ADC is placed in idle mode following a calibration. The measured full-scale coefficient is placed in the full-scale register of the selected channel. Internal full-scale calibrations cannot be performed when the gain equals 128. The ADC is factory-calibrated at a gain of 128 and this factory-generated value is placed in the full-scale register on power up and when the gain is set to 128. With this gain setting, a system full-scale calibration can be performed. To minimize the full-scale error, a full-scale calibration is required each time the gain of a channel is changed. System Zero-Scale Calibration. Users should connect the system zero-scale input to the channel input pins as selected by the CH2 to CH0 bits. A system offset calibration takes two conversion cycles to complete. RDY goes high when the calibration is initiated and returns low when the calibration is complete. The ADC is placed in idle mode following a calibration. The measured offset coefficient is placed in the offset register of the selected channel. A zero-scale calibration is required each time the gain of a channel is changed. System Full-Scale Calibration. Users should connect the system full-scale input to the channel input pins, as selected by the CH2 to CH0 bits. A calibration takes two conversion cycles to complete. RDY goes high when the calibration is initiated and returns low when the calibration is complete. The ADC is placed in idle mode following a calibration. The measured full-scale coefficient is placed in the full-scale register of the selected channel. A full-scale calibration is required each time the gain of a channel is changed. Table 14. Update Rates Available FS3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 FS2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 FS1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 FS0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 fADC (Hz) Reserved 470 242 123 62 50 39 33.2 19.6 16.7 16.7 12.5 10 8.33 6.25 4.17 tSETTLE (ms) Rejection @ 50 Hz/60 Hz 4 8 16 32 40 48 60 101 120 120 160 200 240 320 480 90 dB (60 Hz only) 80 dB (50 Hz only) 65 dB 66 dB 69 dB 70 dB 72 dB 74 dB Rev. A | Page 15 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 CONFIGURATION REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 0, 1, 0; Power-On/Reset = 0x0710 The configuration register is a 16-bit register from which data can be read or to which data can be written. This register is used to configure the ADC for unipolar or bipolar mode, to enable or disable the buffer, to enable or disable the burnout currents, to select the gain, and to select the analog input channel. Table 15 outlines the bit designations for the filter register. CON0 through CON15 indicate the bit locations, with CON denoting that the bits are in the configuration register. CON15 denotes the first bit of the data stream. The number in parentheses indicates the power-on/reset default status of the bit. CON15 0(0) CON14 0(0) CON13 BO(0) CON12 U/B (0) CON11 0(0) CON10 G2(1) CON9 G1(1) CON8 G0(1) CON7 0(0) CON6 0(0) CON5 REF_DET(0) CON4 BUF(1) CON3 0(0) CON2 CH2(0) CON1 CH1(0) CON0 CH0(0) Table 15. Configuration Register Bit Designations Bit Location CON15 to CON14 CON13 Bit Name 0 BO CON12 U/B CON11 CON10 to CON8 0 G2 to G0 CON7 to CON6 CON5 0 REF_DET CON4 BUF CON3 CON2 to CON0 0 CH2 to CH0 Description These bits must be programmed with a Logic 0 for correct operation. Burnout Current Enable Bit. When this bit is set to 1 by the user, the 100 nA current sources in the signal path are enabled. When BO = 0, the burnout currents are disabled. The burnout currents can be enabled only when the buffer or in-amp is active. Unipolar/Bipolar Bit. Set by the user to enable unipolar coding, that is, zero differential input results in 0x000000 output, and a full-scale differential input results in 0xFFFFFF output. Cleared by the user to enable bipolar coding. Negative full-scale differential input results in an output code of 0x000000, zero differential input results in an output code of 0x800000, and a positive full-scale differential input results in an output code of 0xFFFFFF. This bit must be programmed with a Logic 0 for correct operation. Gain Select Bits. Written to by the user to select the ADC input range as follows: G2 G1 G0 Gain ADC Input Range (2.5 V Reference) 0 0 0 1 (in-amp not used) 2.5 V 0 0 1 2 (in-amp not used) 1.25 V 0 1 0 4 625 mV 0 1 1 8 312.5 mV 1 0 0 16 156.2 mV 1 0 1 32 78.125 mV 1 1 0 64 39.06 mV 1 1 1 128 19.53 mV These bits must be programmed with a Logic 0 for correct operation. Enables the reference detect function. When REF_DET is set, the NOREF bit in the status register indicates when the external reference being used by the ADC is open circuit or less than 0.5 V. When cleared, the reference detect function is disabled. Configures the ADC for buffered or unbuffered modes. If BUF is cleared, the ADC operates in unbuffered mode, lowering the power consumption of the device. If BUF is set, the ADC operates in buffered mode, allowing the user to place source impedances on the front end without contributing gain errors to the system. The buffer can be disabled when the gain equals 1 or 2. For higher gains, the buffer is automatically enabled. With the buffer disabled, the voltage on the analog input pins can range from 30 mV below GND to 30 mV above AVDD. When the buffer is enabled, it requires some headroom; therefore, the voltage on any input pin must be limited to 100 mV within the power supply rails. This bit must be programmed with a Logic 0 for correct operation. Channel Select Bits. Written to by the user to select the active analog input channel to the ADC as follows: CH2 CH1 CH0 Channel Calibration Pair 0 0 0 AIN1(+) - AIN1(-) 0 0 0 1 AIN2(+) - AIN2(-) 1 0 1 0 AIN3(+) - AIN3(-) 2 0 1 1 AIN1(-) - AIN1(-) 0 1 0 0 Reserved 1 0 1 Reserved 1 1 0 Reserved 1 1 1 AVDD monitor Automatically selects gain = 1/6 and internal reference = 1.17 V Rev. A | Page 16 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 DATA REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 0, 1, 1; Power-On/Reset = 0x0000(00) The conversion result from the ADC is stored in the data register. This is a read-only register. Upon completion of a read operation from this register, the RDY bit and DOUT/RDY pin are set. ID REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 1, 0, 0; Power-On/Reset = 0xX8 (AD7798)/0xX9 (AD7799) The identification number for the AD7798/AD7799 is stored in the ID register. This is a read-only register. IO REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 1, 0, 1; Power-On/Reset = 0x00 The IO register is an 8-bit register from which data can be read or to which data can be written. This register is used to select the function of the AIN3(+)/AIN3(-) pins. Table 16 outlines the bit designations for the IO register. IO0 through IO7 indicate the bit locations, with IO denoting that the bits are in the IO register. IO7 denotes the first bit of the data stream. The number in parentheses indicates the power-on/reset default status of that bit. IO7 0(0) IO6 IOEN(0) IO5 IO2DAT(0) IO4 IO1DAT(0) IO3 0(0) IO2 0(0) IO1 0(0) IO0 0(0) Table 16. IO Register Bit Designations Bit Location IO7 IO6 Bit Name 0 IOEN IO5, IO4 IO2DAT, IO1DAT IO3 to IO0 0 Description This bit must be programmed with a Logic 0 for correct operation. Configures the pins AIN3(+)/P1 and AIN3(-)/P2 as analog input pins or digital output pins. When this bit is set, the pins are configured as Digital Output Pins P1 and P2. When this bit is cleared, these pins are configured as analog input pins AIN3(+) and AIN3(-). P1/P2 Data. When IOEN is set, the data for the Digital Output Pins P1 and P2 is written to Bit IO1DAT and Bit IO2DAT. These bits must be programmed with a Logic 0 for correct operation. OFFSET REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 1, 1, 0; Power-On/Reset = 0x8000(AD7798)/0x800000 (AD7799) Each analog input channel has a dedicated offset register that holds the offset calibration coefficient for the channel. This register is 16 bits wide on the AD7798 and 24 bits wide on the AD7799, and its power-on/reset value is 8000(00) hex. The offset register is used in conjunction with its associated full-scale register to form a register pair. The power-on/reset value is automatically overwritten if an internal or system zero-scale calibration is initiated by the user. The offset register is a read/write register. However, the AD7798/AD7799 must be in idle mode or power-down mode when writing to the offset register. FULL-SCALE REGISTER RS2, RS1, RS0 = 1, 1, 1; Power-On/Reset = 0x5XXX (AD7798)/0x5XXX00 (AD7799) The full-scale register is a 16-bit register on the AD7798 and a 24-bit register on the AD7799. The full-scale register holds the full-scale calibration coefficient for the ADC. The AD7798/AD7799 has three full-scale registers, with each channel having a dedicated full-scale register. The full-scale registers are read/write registers. However, when writing to the full-scale registers, users must place the ADC in power-down mode or idle mode. Upon power-on, these registers are configured with factory-calibrated, full-scale calibration coefficients, with the calibration performed at gain = 128, the default gain setting. The default value is automatically overwritten if an internal or system full-scale calibration is initiated by the user, or the full-scale register is written to. Rev. A | Page 17 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 ADC CIRCUIT INFORMATION AVDD OUT+ AIN1(+) AVDD AIN1(-) IN- AIN2(+) MUX SERIAL INTERFACE AND CONTROL LOGIC - ADC IN-AMP AIN2(-) REFIN(-) REFERENCE DETECT AD7798/AD7799 REFIN(+) IN+ OUT- AVDD GND DOUT/RDY DIN SCLK CS DVDD INTERNAL CLOCK PSW 04856-012 GND Figure 11. Basic Connection Diagram 0 OVERVIEW -20 -40 (dB) Each part has three differential inputs that can be buffered or unbuffered. The reference is provided by an external reference source. Figure 11 shows the basic connections required to operate the parts. -60 The output rate of the AD7798/AD7799 (fADC) is user-programmable. The allowable update rates, along with the corresponding settling times, are listed in Table 14. Normal mode rejection is the major function of the digital filter. Simultaneous 50 Hz and 60 Hz rejection is optimized when the update rate equals 16.7 Hz or less, because notches are placed at both 50 Hz and 60 Hz with these update rates (see Figure 13). 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 12. Filter Profile with Update Rate = 4.17 Hz 0 -20 -40 (dB) The AD7798/AD7799 use slightly different filter types, depending on the output update rate, so that the rejection of quantization noise and device noise is optimized. When the update rate ranges from 4.17 Hz to 12.5 Hz, a sinc3 filter, along with an averaging filter, is used. When the update rate ranges from 16.7 Hz to 39 Hz, a modified sinc3 filter is used. This filter gives simultaneous 50 Hz and 60 Hz rejection when the update rate equals 16.7 Hz. A sinc4 filter is used when the update rate ranges from 50 Hz to 242 Hz. Finally, an integrate-only filter is used when the update rate equals 470 Hz. Figure 12 through Figure 15 show the frequency responses of the different filter types for a few of the update rates. -100 04856-013 -80 Rev. A | Page 18 of 28 -60 -80 -100 04856-014 The AD7798/AD7799 are low power ADCs that each incorporate a - modulator, a buffer, an in-amp, and on-chip digital filtering intended for the measurement of wide dynamic range, low frequency signals, such as those in pressure transducers and weigh scales. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 13. Filter Profile with Update Rate = 16.7 Hz 200 AD7798/AD7799 0 serial clock input for the device and all data transfers (either on DIN or DOUT/RDY) occur with respect to the SCLK signal. The DOUT/RDY pin operates as a data ready signal, with the line going low when a new data-word is available in the output register. It is reset high when a read operation from the data register is complete. It also goes high prior to the updating of the data register to indicate when not to read from the device to ensure that a data read is not attempted while the register is being updated. CS is used to select a device. It can be used to decode the AD7798/AD7799 in systems where several components are connected to the serial bus. -20 (dB) -40 -60 -100 04856-015 -80 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Figure 3 and Figure 4 show timing diagrams for interfacing to the AD7798/AD7799, with CS being used to decode the part. Figure 3 shows the timing for a read operation from the AD7798/AD7799 output shift register, and Figure 4 shows the timing for a write operation to the input shift register. It is possible to read the same word from the data register several times, even though the DOUT/RDY line returns high after the first read operation. However, care must be taken to ensure that the read operations are complete before the next output update occurs. In continuous-read mode, the data register can only be read once. 3000 FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 14. Filter Profile with Update Rate = 242 Hz 0 -10 (dB) -20 -30 -40 The serial interface can operate in 3-wire mode by tying CS low. In this case, the SCLK, DIN, and DOUT/RDY lines are used to communicate with the AD7798/AD7799. The end of the conversion can be monitored using the RDY bit in the status register. This scheme is suitable for interfacing to microcontrollers. If CS is required as a decoding signal, it can be generated from a port pin. For microcontroller interfaces, it is recommended that SCLK idles high between data transfers. -60 04856-016 -50 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 15. Filter Response with Update Rate = 470 Hz DIGITAL INTERFACE As previously outlined, the programmable functions of the AD7798/AD7799 are controlled using a set of on-chip registers. Data is written to these registers via the serial interface, which also provides read access to the on-chip registers. All communication with the part must start with a write to the communication register. After power-on or reset, the device expects a write to its communication register. The data written to this register determines whether the next operation is a read or write operation and to which register this operation occurs. Therefore, write access to any register begins with a write operation to the communication register, followed by a write to the selected register. A read operation from any other register (except when continuous-read mode is selected) starts with a write to the communication register, followed by a read operation from the selected register. The serial interface of the AD7798/AD7799 consists of four signals: CS, DIN, SCLK, and DOUT/RDY. The DIN line is used to transfer data into the on-chip registers, and DOUT/RDY is used for accessing data from the on-chip registers. SCLK is the The AD7798/AD7799 can be operated with CS being used as a frame-synchronization signal. This scheme is useful for DSP interfaces. In this case, the first bit (MSB) is effectively clocked out by CS, because CS normally occurs after the falling edge of SCLK in DSPs. The SCLK can continue to run between data transfers, provided that the timing numbers are obeyed. The serial interface can be reset by writing a series of 1s on the DIN input. If a Logic 1 is written to the AD7798/AD7799 line for at least 32 serial clock cycles, the serial interface is reset. This ensures that the interface can be reset to a known state if the interface is lost due to a software error or a glitch in the system. Reset returns the interface to the state in which it is expecting a write to the communication register. This operation resets the contents of all registers to their power-on values. Following a reset, the user should allow a period of 500 ms before addressing the serial interface. The AD7798/AD7799 can be configured to continuously convert or to perform a single conversion (See Figure 16 through Figure 18). Rev. A | Page 19 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 Single-Conversion Mode Continuous-Conversion Mode In single-conversion mode, the AD7798/AD7799 is placed in power-down mode after conversions. When a single conversion is initiated by setting MD2, MD1, and MD0 to 0, 0, and 1 in the mode register, the AD7798/AD7799 powers up, performs a single conversion, and then returns to power-down mode. The on-chip oscillator requires approximately 1 ms to power up. A conversion requires a time period of 2 x tADC. DOUT/RDY goes low to indicate the completion of a conversion. When the dataword has been read from the data register, DOUT/RDY goes high. If CS is low, DOUT/RDY remains high until another conversion is initiated and completed. The data register can be read several times if required, even when DOUT/RDY is high. This is the default power-up mode. The AD7798/AD7799 continuously converts, with the RDY bit in the status register going low each time a conversion is complete. If CS is low, the DOUT/RDY line also goes low when a conversion is complete. To read a conversion, the user can write to the communication register, indicating that the next operation is a read of the data register. The digital conversion is placed on the DOUT/RDY pin as soon as SCLK pulses are applied to the ADC. DOUT/RDY returns high when the conversion is read. The user can reread this register if required. However, the user must ensure that the data register is not accessed at the completion of the next conversion, or the new conversion word is lost. CS DIN 0x08 0x200A 0x58 DATA 04856-017 DOUT/RDY SCLK Figure 16. Single Conversion CS 0x58 0x58 DIN DATA DATA 04856-018 DOUT/RDY SCLK Figure 17. Continuous Conversion Rev. A | Page 20 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 Continuous Read read before the next conversion is complete. If the user does not read the conversion before the completion of the next conversion, or if insufficient serial clocks are applied to the AD7798/AD7799 to read the word, the serial output register is reset when the next conversion is complete, and the new conversion is placed in the output serial register. Rather than write to the communication register to access the data each time a conversion is complete, the AD7798/AD7799 can be configured so that the conversions are placed on the DOUT/RDY line automatically. By writing 01011100 to the communication register, the user need only apply the appropriate number of SCLK cycles to the ADC, and the 16-/24-bit word is automatically placed on the DOUT/RDY line when a conversion is complete. The ADC should be configured for continuous conversion mode. To exit the continuous-read mode, the instruction 01011000 must be written to the communication register while the DOUT/RDY pin is low. While in continuous-read mode, the ADC monitors activity on the DIN line in case the instruction to exit the continuous-read mode occurs. Additionally, a reset occurs if 32 consecutive 1s are seen on DIN. Therefore, DIN should be held low in continuous-read mode until an instruction is written to the device. When DOUT/RDY goes low to indicate the end of a conversion, sufficient SCLK cycles must be applied to the ADC, and the data conversion is placed on the DOUT/RDY line. When the conversion is read, DOUT/RDY returns high until the next conversion is available. In this mode, the data can only be read once. In addition, the user must ensure that the data-word is CS 0x5C DIN DATA DATA DATA 04856-019 DOUT/RDY SCLK Figure 18. Continuous Read Rev. A | Page 21 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION ANALOG INPUT CHANNEL INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER The AD7798/AD7799 each have three differential analog input channels. These are connected to the on-chip buffer amplifier when the devices are operated in buffered mode, and directly to the modulator when the devices are operated in unbuffered mode. In buffered mode (the BUF bit in the mode register is set to 1), the input channel feeds into a high impedance input stage of the buffer amplifier. Therefore, the input can tolerate significant source impedances and is tailored for direct connection to external resistive-type sensors, such as strain gages or resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). When the gain equals 4 or higher, the output from the buffer is applied to the input of the on-chip instrumentation amplifier. This low noise in-amp means that signals of small amplitude can be gained within the AD7798/AD7799 while still maintaining excellent noise performance. For example, when the gain is set to 64 and the update rate equals 4.17 Hz, the rms noise is 27 nV typically for the AD7799, which is equivalent to 25.5 bits effective resolution, or 20 bits peak-to-peak resolution when VREF = 5 V. When BUF = 0, the parts are operated in unbuffered mode. This results in a higher analog input current. Note that this unbuffered input path provides a dynamic load to the driving source. Therefore, resistor/capacitor combinations on the input pins can cause gain errors, depending on the output impedance of the source that is driving the ADC input. Table 17 shows the allowable external resistance/capacitance values for unbuffered mode such that no gain error at the 20-bit level is introduced. Table 17. External Resistance/Capacitance Combination for Unbuffered Mode (Without 20-Bit Gain Error) Capacitance (pF) 50 100 500 1000 5000 Resistance () 9k 6k 1.5 k 900 200 The AD7798/AD7799 can be operated in unbuffered mode only when the gain equals 1 or 2. At higher gains, the buffer is automatically enabled. The absolute input voltage range in buffered mode is restricted to a range between GND + 100 mV and AVDD - 100 mV. When the gain is set to 4 or higher, the in-amp is enabled. The absolute input voltage range when the in-amp is active is restricted to a range between GND + 300 mV and AVDD - 1.1 V. Care must be taken in setting up the commonmode voltage so that these limits are not exceeded; otherwise, linearity and noise performance degrade. The AD7798/AD7799 can be programmed to have a gain of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 using Bit G2 to Bit G0 in the configuration register. Therefore, with a 2.5 V reference, the unipolar ranges are from (0 mV to 19.53 mV) to (0 V to 2.5 V), and the bipolar ranges are from 19.53 mV to 2.5 V. When the in-amp is active (gain 4), the common-mode voltage (AIN(+) + AIN(-))/2 must be greater than or equal to 0.5 V. If the AD7798/AD7799 operate with a reference that has a value equal to AVDD, the analog input signal must be limited to 90% of VREF/gain when the in-amp is active for correct operation. BIPOLAR/UNIPOLAR CONFIGURATION The analog input to the AD7798/AD7799 can accept either unipolar or bipolar input voltage ranges. A bipolar input range does not imply that the parts can tolerate negative voltages with respect to system GND. Unipolar and bipolar signals on the AIN(+) input are referenced to the voltage on the AIN(-) input. For example, if AIN(-) is 2.5 V and the ADC is configured for unipolar mode and a gain of 1, the input voltage range on the AIN(+) pin is 2.5 V to 5 V. If the ADC is configured for bipolar mode, the analog input range on the AIN(+) input is 0 V to 5 V. The bipolar/unipolar option is chosen by programming the U/B bit in the configuration register. The absolute input voltage in unbuffered mode includes the range between GND - 30 mV and AVDD + 30 mV as a result of being unbuffered. The negative absolute input voltage limit allows the possibility of monitoring small true bipolar signals with respect to GND. Rev. A | Page 22 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 DATA OUTPUT CODING When the ADC is configured for unipolar operation, the output code is natural (straight) binary with a zero differential input voltage resulting in a code of 00...00, a midscale voltage resulting in a code of 100...000, and a full-scale input voltage resulting in a code of 111...111. The output code for any analog input voltage can be represented as Code = (2N x AIN x GAIN)/VREF When the ADC is configured for bipolar operation, the output code is offset binary, with a negative full-scale voltage resulting in a code of 000...000, a zero differential input voltage resulting in a code of 100...000, and a positive full-scale input voltage resulting in a code of 111...111. The output code for any analog input voltage can be represented as the low frequency noise in the excitation source is removed because the application is ratiometric. If the AD7798/AD7799 are used in a nonratiometric application, a low noise reference should be used. Recommended 2.5 V reference voltage sources for the AD7798/ AD7799 include the ADR381 and ADR391, which are low noise, low power references. Also note that the reference inputs provide a high impedance, dynamic load. Because the input impedance of each reference input is dynamic, resistor/capacitor combinations on these inputs can cause dc gain errors, depending on the output impedance of the source driving the reference inputs. where: AIN is the analog input voltage. N = 16 for the AD7798, and N = 24 for the AD7799. Reference voltage sources such as those recommended above (for example, ADR391) typically have low output impedances and are, therefore, tolerant to having decoupling capacitors on REFIN(+) without introducing gain errors in the system. Deriving the reference input voltage across an external resistor means that the reference input sees a significant external source impedance. External decoupling on the REFIN pins is not recommended in this type of circuit configuration. BURNOUT CURRENTS REFERENCE DETECT The AD7798/AD7799 each contain two 100 nA constant current generators--one sourcing current from AVDD to AIN(+), and one sinking current from AIN(-) to GND. The currents are switched to the selected analog input pair. Both currents are either on or off, depending on the burnout current enable (BO) bit in the configuration register. These currents can be used to verify that an external transducer is still operational before attempting to take measurements on that channel. Once the burnout currents are turned on, they flow into the external transducer circuit, and a measurement of the input voltage on the analog input channel can be taken. If the resultant voltage measured is full scale, the user must determine why this is the case. A full-scale reading could mean that the front-end sensor is open circuit, that the front-end sensor is overloaded and is justified in outputting full scale, or that the reference is absent and, thus, clamping the data to all 1s. The AD7798/AD7799 include on-chip circuitry to detect if there is a valid reference for conversions or calibrations. This feature is enabled when the REF_DET bit in the configuration register is set to 1. If the voltage between the REFIN(+) and REFIN(-) pins goes below 0.3 V, or either the REFIN(+) or REFIN(-) inputs are open circuit, the AD7798/AD7799 detect that there is no longer a valid reference. In this case, the NOREF bit of the status register is set to 1. If the AD7798/AD7799 are performing normal conversions and the NOREF bit becomes active, the conversion results revert to all 1s. Therefore, it is not necessary to continuously monitor the status of the NOREF bit when performing conversions. It is only necessary to verify its status if the conversion result read from the ADC data register is all 1s. If the AD7798/AD7799 are performing an offset of fullscale calibration and the NOREF bit becomes active, the updating of the respective calibration registers is inhibited to avoid loading incorrect coefficients to these registers, and the ERR bit in the status register is set. If the user is concerned about verifying that a valid reference is in place every time a calibration is performed, the status of the ERR bit should be checked at the end of the calibration cycle. Code = 2N - 1 x [(AIN x GAIN/VREF) + 1] When reading all 1s from the output, the user should check these three cases before making a judgment. If the voltage measured is 0 V, it might indicate that the transducer has shortcircuited. For normal operation, these burnout currents are turned off by writing a 0 to the BO bit in the configuration register. The current sources work over the normal absolute input voltage range specifications with buffers on. REFERENCE The common-mode range for these differential inputs is from GND to AVDD. The reference input is unbuffered; therefore, excessive resistance/capacitance source impedances introduce gain errors. The reference voltage REFIN (REFIN(+) - REFIN(-)) is 2.5 V nominal, but the AD7798/AD7799 are functional with reference voltages from 0.1 V to AVDD. In applications where the excitation (voltage or current) for the transducer on the analog input also drives the reference voltage for the part, the effect of RESET The circuitry and serial interface of the AD7798/AD7799 can be reset by writing 32 consecutive 1s to the device. This resets the logic, the digital filter, and the analog modulator, and all on-chip registers are reset to their default values. A reset is automatically performed upon power-up. When a reset is initiated, the user must allow a period of 500 s before accessing an on-chip register. A reset is useful if the serial interface becomes asynchronous due to noise on the SCLK line. Rev. A | Page 23 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 AVDD MONITOR Along with converting external voltages, the ADC can be used to monitor the voltage on the AVDD pin. When Bits CH2 to CH0 equal 1, the voltage on the AVDD pin is internally attenuated by 6, and the resulting voltage is applied to the - modulator using an internal 1.17 V reference for analog-to-digital conversion. This is useful because variations in the power supply voltage can be monitored. CALIBRATION The AD7798/AD7799 provide four calibration modes that can be programmed via the mode bits in the mode register. These are internal zero-scale calibration, internal full-scale calibration, system zero-scale calibration, and system full-scale calibration, which effectively reduce the offset error and full-scale error to the order of the noise. After each conversion, the ADC conversion result is scaled using the ADC calibration registers before being written to the data register. The offset calibration coefficient is subtracted from the result prior to multiplication by the full-scale coefficient. To start a calibration, write the relevant value to the MD2 to MD0 bits in the mode register. After the calibration is complete, the contents of the corresponding calibration registers are updated, the RDY bit in the status register is set, the DOUT/ RDY pin goes low (if CS is low), and the AD7798/AD7799 revert to idle mode. During an internal zero-scale or full-scale calibration, the respective zero-scale and full-scale input are automatically connected internally to the ADC input pins. A system calibration, however, expects the system zero-scale and system full-scale voltages to be applied to the ADC pins before the calibration mode is initiated. In this way, external ADC errors are removed. From an operational point of view, a calibration should be treated like an ADC conversion. A zero-scale calibration (if required) should always be performed before a full-scale calibration. System software should monitor the RDY bit in the status register or the DOUT/RDY pin to determine the end of calibration via a polling sequence or an interrupt-driven routine. Both an internal offset calibration and system offset calibration take two conversion cycles. An internal offset calibration is not needed because the ADC itself removes the offset continuously. To perform an internal full-scale calibration, a full-scale input voltage is automatically connected to the selected analog input for this calibration. When the gain equals 1, a calibration takes two conversion cycles to complete. For higher gains, four conversion cycles are required to perform the full-scale calibration. DOUT/RDY goes high when the calibration is initiated and returns low when the calibration is complete. The ADC is placed in idle mode following a calibration. The measured full-scale coefficient is placed in the full-scale register of the selected channel. Internal full-scale calibrations cannot be performed when the gain equals 128. A factory calibration is performed at this gain setting, and the factory value is automatically loaded into the full-scale register when the gain is set to 128. With this gain setting, a system full-scale calibration can be performed. A full-scale calibration is required each time the gain of a channel is changed to minimize the full-scale error. An internal full-scale calibration can only be performed at specified update rates. For gains of 1, 2, and 4, an internal fullscale calibration can be performed at any update rate. However, for higher gains, internal full-scale calibrations must be performed when the update rate is less than or equal to 16.7 Hz, 33.2 Hz, or 50 Hz. Because the full-scale error does not vary with the update rate, a calibration at one update rate is valid for all update rates (assuming the gain or reference source is not changed). A system full-scale calibration takes two conversion cycles to complete, irrespective of the gain setting. A system full-scale calibration can be performed at all gains and update rates. If system offset calibrations are performed along with system fullscale calibrations, the offset calibration should be performed before the system full-scale calibration is initiated. Rev. A | Page 24 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 GROUNDING AND LAYOUT Because the analog inputs and reference inputs of the ADC are differential, most of the voltages in the analog modulator are common-mode voltages. The excellent common-mode rejection of the parts removes common-mode noise on these inputs. The digital filter provides rejection of broadband noise on the power supply, except at integer multiples of the modulator sampling frequency. The digital filter also removes noise from the analog and reference inputs, provided that these noise sources do not saturate the analog modulator. As a result, the AD7798/AD7799 are more immune to noise interference than conventional high resolution converters. However, because the resolution of the AD7798/AD7799 is so high and the noise levels from the AD7798/AD7799 are so low, care must be taken with regard to grounding and layout. The printed circuit board that houses the AD7798/AD7799 should be designed such that the analog and digital sections are separated and confined to certain areas of the board. A minimum etch technique is generally best for ground planes because it provides the best shielding. It is recommended that the GND pin be tied to the AGND plane of the system. In any layout, it is important that the user keep in mind the flow of currents in the system, ensuring that the return paths for all currents are as close as possible to the paths the currents took to reach their destinations. Avoid forcing digital currents to flow through the AGND sections of the layout. The ground planes should be allowed to run under the AD7798/ AD7799 to prevent noise coupling. The power supply lines to the AD7798/AD7799 should use as wide a trace as possible to provide low impedance paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line. Fast switching signals, such as clock signals, should be shielded with digital ground to avoid radiating noise to other sections of the board, and clock signals should never be run near the analog inputs. Avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. Traces on opposite sides of the board should run at right angles to each other. This reduces the effects of feedthrough through the board. A microstrip technique works best, but it is not always possible to use this method with a double-sided board. In this technique, the component side of the board is dedicated to ground planes, and signals are placed on the solder side. Good decoupling is important when using high resolution ADCs. AVDD should be decoupled with 10 F tantalum in parallel with 0.1 F capacitors to GND. DVDD should be decoupled with 10 F tantalum in parallel with 0.1 F capacitors to the system's DGND plane, with the system's AGND-to-DGND connection being close to the AD7798/ AD7799. To achieve the best from these decoupling components, they should be placed as close as possible to the device, ideally right up against the device. All logic chips should be decoupled with 0.1 F ceramic capacitors to DGND. Rev. A | Page 25 of 28 AD7798/AD7799 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION operation, the switch is closed and measurements can be taken. In applications where power is of concern, the AD7798/AD7799 can be placed in standby mode, thus significantly reducing the power consumed in the application. In addition, the low-side power switch can be opened while in standby mode, thus avoiding unnecessary power consumption by the front-end transducer. When the part is taken out of standby mode and the low-side power switch is closed, the user should ensure that the front end circuitry is fully settled before attempting a read from the AD7798/AD7799. The AD7798/AD7799 provide a low cost, high resolution analog-to-digital function. Because the analog-to-digital function is provided by a - architecture, the parts are more immune to noisy environments, making them ideal for use in sensor measurement and industrial and process-control applications. WEIGH SCALES Figure 19 shows the AD7798/AD7799 being used in a weigh scale application. The load cell is arranged in a bridge network and gives a differential output voltage between its OUT+ and OUT- terminals. Assuming a 5 V excitation voltage, the fullscale output range from the transducer is 10 mV when the sensitivity is 2 mV/V. The excitation voltage for the bridge can be used to directly provide the reference for the ADC because the reference input range includes the supply voltage. In Figure 19, temperature compensation is performed using a thermistor. In addition, the reference voltage for the temperature measurement is derived from a precision resistor in series with the thermistor. This allows a ratiometric measurement--that is, the ratio of the precision reference resistance to the thermistor resistance is measured; therefore, variations of the reference voltage do not affect the measurement. A second advantage of using the AD7798/AD7799 in transducerbased applications is that the low-side power switch can be fully utilized in low power applications. The low-side power switch is connected in series with the cold side of the bridge. In normal AVDD OUT+ AIN1(+) AVDD AIN1(-) IN- AIN2(+) MUX PSW - ADC IN-AMP AIN2(-) REFIN(-) REFERENCE DETECT AD7798/AD7799 REFIN(+) IN+ OUT- AVDD GND SERIAL INTERFACE AND CONTROL LOGIC DOUT/RDY DIN SCLK CS DVDD INTERNAL CLOCK Figure 19. Weigh Scales Using the AD7798/AD7799 Rev. A | Page 26 of 28 04856-011 GND AD7798/AD7799 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 5.10 5.00 4.90 16 9 4.50 4.40 4.30 6.40 BSC 1 8 PIN 1 1.20 MAX 0.15 0.05 0.30 0.19 0.65 BSC COPLANARITY 0.10 0.20 0.09 SEATING PLANE 8 0 0.75 0.60 0.45 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153-AB Figure 20. 16-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package [TSSOP] (RU-16) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model AD7798BRUZ 1 AD7798BRUZ-REEL1 EVAL-AD7798EB AD7799BRU AD7799BRU-REEL AD7799BRUZ1 AD7799BRUZ-REEL1 EVAL-AD7799EB 1 Temperature Range -40C to +105C -40C to +105C -40C to +105C -40C to +105C -40C to +105C -40C to +105C Package Description 16-Lead TSSOP 16-Lead TSSOP Evaluation Board 16-Lead TSSOP 16-Lead TSSOP 16-Lead TSSOP 16-Lead TSSOP Evaluation Board Z = RoHS Compliant Part. Rev. A | Page 27 of 28 Package Option RU-16 RU-16 RU-16 RU-16 RU-16 RU-16 AD7798/AD7799 NOTES (c)2005-2007 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D04856-0-3/07(A) Rev. A | Page 28 of 28