Title Specification Application Reference Design Report for a 5 W Dimmable Power Factor Corrected LED Driver (NonIsolated) Using LinkSwitchTM-PL LNK457DG 90 VAC - 265 VAC, >0.9 PF Input; 12 V - 18 V, 350 mA 8% Output LED Driver for A19 Incandescent Lamp Replacement Author Applications Engineering Department Document Number RDR-251 Date February 15, 2011 Revision 1.92 Summary and Features Single stage power factor correction and accurate constant current (CC) output Low cost, low component count and small PCB footprint solution Superior performance and end user experience o >100:1 dimming range even with low cost leading edge TRIAC dimmers o Clean monotonic start-up - no output blinking o Fast start-up (<300 ms) - no perceptible delay o Consistent dimming performance unit to unit Highly energy efficient o >73% at 115 VAC / 230 VAC (dimmable configuration) o >78% at 115 VAC / 230 VAC (non-dimmable configuration) Integrated protection and reliability features o Output open-circuit protected / output short-circuit protected with auto-recovery o Auto-recovering thermal shutdown with large hysteresis protects both components and printed circuit board o No damage during brown out conditions o Extended pin creepage distance between device DRAIN pin and other pins for reliable operation in high pollution and humid environments Meets IEC ringwave and EN55015 conducted EMI PF >0.9 at 115 VAC / 230 VAC %ATHD <10% at 115 VAC and <15% at 230 VAC Meets EN61000-3-2 harmonics contents Power Integrations 5245 Hellyer Avenue, San Jose, CA 95138 USA. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 PATENT INFORMATION The products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations' patents may be found at www.powerint.com. Power Integrations grants its customers a license under certain patent rights as set forth at . Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 2 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................5 Power Supply Specification ........................................................................................7 Schematic ...................................................................................................................8 Circuit Description .......................................................................................................9 4.1 Dimming Performance Circuit Design Considerations .........................................9 4.2 Input EMI Filtering and Input Rectification .........................................................10 4.3 Active Damper ...................................................................................................10 4.4 Bleeder ..............................................................................................................10 4.5 LinkSwitch-PL Primary.......................................................................................11 4.6 Output Rectification ...........................................................................................11 4.7 Output Feedback ...............................................................................................11 5 PCB Layout...............................................................................................................12 6 Bill of Materials .........................................................................................................13 7 Transformer Design Spreadsheet .............................................................................14 8 Transformer Specification .........................................................................................17 8.1 Electrical Diagram..............................................................................................17 8.2 Electrical Specifications .....................................................................................17 8.3 Materials ............................................................................................................17 8.4 Transformer Build Diagram ................................................................................18 8.5 Transformer Construction ..................................................................................19 8.6 Winding Illustrations...........................................................................................20 9 Performance Data .....................................................................................................23 9.1 Active Mode Efficiency.......................................................................................23 9.2 Non-Dimmable Configuration ............................................................................24 9.3 Dimmable ..........................................................................................................24 9.4 Harmonics .........................................................................................................25 9.5 Power Factor .....................................................................................................27 9.6 Line Regulation ..................................................................................................28 9.7 Dimming Performance .......................................................................................29 9.7.1 Dimming Range ..........................................................................................29 9.7.2 Unit to Unit Tracking ...................................................................................33 10 Thermal Performance............................................................................................35 10.1 Thermal Set-up ..................................................................................................35 10.2 Equipment Used ................................................................................................36 10.3 Thermal Result ..................................................................................................36 10.4 Thermal Scan ....................................................................................................37 11 Waveforms ............................................................................................................38 11.1 Drain Voltage and Current .................................................................................38 11.1.1 Normal Steady State Operation ..................................................................38 11.1.2 AC Start-up .................................................................................................40 11.1.3 115 V TRIAC in Series with AC Input .........................................................40 11.1.4 230 V TRIAC in Series with AC Input .........................................................42 11.1.5 Fault Conditions (Output Shorted / Open Circuit) .......................................43 11.2 Output Current Start-up Profile ..........................................................................44 Page 3 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 11.3 Input and Output Waveforms............................................................................. 45 11.3.1 Normal Operation (VIN, IIN, VO and IO) ........................................................ 45 11.4 Dimming Operation (VIN, IIN, VO and IO) ............................................................. 46 11.5 Line Transient Response................................................................................... 48 12 Line Surge............................................................................................................. 52 13 Conducted EMI ..................................................................................................... 53 13.1 Equipment: ........................................................................................................ 53 13.2 EMI Test Set-up ................................................................................................ 53 14 Dimming Compatibility .......................................................................................... 56 15 Output Current Production Distribution ................................................................. 57 16 Revision History .................................................................................................... 59 Important Note: This board is designed for non-isolated application and the engineering prototype has not been agency approved. Therefore, all testing should be performed using an isolation transformer to provide the AC input to the prototype board. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 4 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 1 Introduction This document is an engineering report describing a non-isolated LED driver (power supply) utilizing a LNK457DG from the LinkSwitch-PL family of devices. The RD-251 provides a single constant current output of 350 mA over an LED string voltage of 12 V and 18 V. The output current can be reduced using a standard AC mains TRIAC dimmer down to 1% (3 mA) without instability and flickering of the LED load. The board is compatible with both low cost leading edge and more sophisticated trailing edge dimmers. The board was optimized to operate over the universal AC input voltage range (85 VAC to 265 VAC, 47 Hz to 63 Hz) but suffers no damage over an input range of 0 VAC to 300 VAC. This increases field reliability and lifetime during line sags and swells. LinkSwitchPL based designs provide a high power factor (>0.9) meeting current international requirements and enabling a single design to be used worldwide. The form factor of the board was chosen to meet the requirements for standard pear shaped (A19) LED replacement lamps. The output is non-isolated and requires the mechanical design of the enclosure to isolate the output of the supply and the LED load from the user. The document contains the power supply specification, schematic, bill of materials, transformer documentation, printed circuit layout, and performance data. Figure 1 - Populated Circuit Board Photograph (Top). Page 5 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 Figure 2 - Populated Circuit Board Photograph (Bottom). Figure 3 - Example of RD-251 Used in an A19 LED Replacement Lamp (board removed from housing). Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 6 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 2 Power Supply Specification The table below represents the minimum acceptable performance of the design. Actual performance is listed in the results section. Description Input Symbol Voltage VIN(NOM) Min Typ Max 115/230 Units Comment VAC Nominal line voltages VIN(EXT) 90 265 VAC Normal operating range VIN(ND) 0 300 VAC Voltage range over which no damage to the supply shall occur fLINE 47 50/60 63 Hz Output Voltage VOUT 12 15 18 V Output Current IOUT(N) 322 350 378 mA (+/-8%) at VIN(NOM) after reaching thermal equilibrium IOUT(E) 315 350 385 mA (+/-10%) Extended 90-265 VAC Input, o o 20 C to 80 C Frequency Output Output Power POUT 5 W 73 % Thermal results were verified with 15 V LED string Efficiency Dimmable configuration Non-dimmable configuration o Measured at POUT 25 C 78 Environmental Conducted EMI Meets CISPR22B / EN55015 %ATHD 230 V < 18 Safety Non-isolated Line Surge Differential Mode (L1-L2) 500 Ring Wave (100 kHz) Differential Mode (L1-L2) Dimensions Board Level Ambient Temperature Page 7 of 60 Mounted into A19 metal finned enclosure and measured on ground plane (to simulate end application) 2500 V 1.2/50 s surge, IEC 1000-4-5, Series Impedance: Differential Mode: 2 V 200 A short-circuit Series Impedance: Differential Mode 0.83" (20.86 mm) x 2.52" (63.9 mm) TAMB -20 80 o C Free convection, sea level Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 3 Schematic Note: C1, R22 and C12 are not populated. For non-dimming application, the Active Damper and Bleeder blocks can be removed allowing the following parts can be deleted: Q3, R20, R3, R4, R10, R11 C6 and C3. Replace 0 for the following locations: R7, R8, and R20. For high line only application and to match high leakage dimmer such as REV 300 W, Busch 2250 (600 W) or alike the following parts can be tuned. Replace F1 to 47 / 2 W fusible resistors, R7 and R8 to 20, C6 to 220 nF, R10 and R11 to 510 / 0.5 W minimum, C3 to 150nF and R16 to 1 k / 0.25 W. Figure 4 - Schematic (highlighted blocks may be removed for non-dimming applications.) Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 8 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 4 Circuit Description This circuit is configured as non-isolated discontinuous flyback converter designed to drive LED strings at voltages of 12 V to 18 V with an output current of 350 mA. The driver is guaranteed to operate across a wide range input voltage range and provide high power factor. The circuit meets both line surge and EMI requirements and the low component count allows board dimensions required for LED bulb replacement applications. 4.1 Dimming Performance Circuit Design Considerations The requirement to provide output dimming with low cost, TRIAC base, leading edge phase dimmers introduces a number of trade offs in the design. Due to the much lower power consumed by LED based lighting the line current drawn by the overall lamp is typically below the holding current of the TRIAC within the dimmer. This causes undesirable behaviors such as limited dim range and/or flickering. The relatively large impedance the LED driver presents to the line allows significant ringing to occur when the TRIAC turns on. At the instant the TRIAC conducts, a large inrush current flows into the input capacitance of the driver, exciting the line inductance and causing current ringing. This too can cause similar undesirable behavior as the ringing may cause the TRIAC current to fall to zero and turn off, also generating flicker. To overcome these issues the circuit includes two circuit blocks labeled active damper and bleeder. The drawback of these blocks is increased dissipation and therefore reduced efficiency of the supply. The values used for the damper and bleeder in this design allow correct operation of a single board with the widest range of 600 W dimmer models including low cost leading edge TRIAC models across the full input voltage range. The trade off decision was to give flicker free operation for a single lamp connected to a dimmer operating at high line. A single lamp operating at high line results in the lowest current drawn from the line and the highest inrush current (when the TRIAC fires) and represents the worst case. As a result the active damper and bleeder networks were designed to be aggressive; lower impedance for the bleeder and higher impedance for the damper. This increases dissipation and therefore lowers efficiency of the driver and efficacy of the overall system. Requiring multiple lamps to be connected to a single dimmer for correct operation reduces the current required through the bleeder, allowing increasing the values of R10 and R11 and reducing the value of C6. Limiting operation to low line only (85 VAC to 132 VAC) allows the values of R7 and R8 to be reduced as the peak currents that occur when a leading edge dimmer TRIAC fires are significantly lower. Both changes reduce dissipation and improve efficiency. Page 9 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 For non-dimming application these components can simply be omitted and jumpers used to replace R7 and R8 giving higher efficiency with no change in other performance characteristics. 4.2 Input EMI Filtering and Input Rectification The EMI filter was optimized to minimize the impact on dimming performance. Resistor R20 is a fusible resistor. Fusible types are selected to fail open-circuit should a component failure cause excessive input current. Film types (vs. wirewound) are acceptable compared to a non or passive PFC solution. This reduces the instantaneous dissipation as the input capacitance charges, however, a 2 w rating is recommended for designed that operate at high line. In addition they limit the inrush current caused when a phase leading TRIAC dimmer turns on and capacitors C4 and C5 charge. The worst case condition (maximum inrush current) occurs when the TRIAC turns on at 90 or 270 degrees, which correspond to the peaks of the AC waveform. Finally they act to damp any current ringing between the AC line impedance and the input stage of the supply again caused by the inrush current when leading edge TRIAC dimmers turn on. Two differential pi () filter EMI stages are used with C1, R2, L1 and C2 forming one stage and C4, L2, R9 and C5 the second. It was found during testing that C1 was not required to meet conducted EMI limits and was therefore not populated. The incoming AC is rectified by BR1 and filtered by C4 and C5. The total effective input capacitance, the sum of C4, C5 and C6, was selected to assure correct zero crossing detection of the AC input by the LinkSwitch-PL device, necessary correct operation and best performance during dimming. 4.3 Active Damper The active damper network is used to limit the inrush current, associated voltage spikes and ringing when the TRIAC within a dimmer turns on. This connects a resistance (R7 and R8) in series with the input rectifier for a short period of each AC half-cycle, it is then bypassed for the remainder of the AC cycle by a parallel SCR (Q3). Resistor R3, R4 and C3 determines the delay before the turn-on of Q3. 4.4 Bleeder Resistor R10, R11 and C6 form a bleeder network which ensures the initial input current is high enough meet the TRIAC holding current requirement, especially during small TRIAC conduction angles. For non-dimming application, both the active damper and bleeder network may be removed. To achieve this, the following parts can be deleted: Q3, R20, R3, R4, R10, R11, C6 and C3. Replace 0 for the following locations: R7, R8, and R20. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 10 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 4.5 LinkSwitch-PL Primary The LNK457DG device (U1) incorporates the power switching device, oscillator, output constant current control, start-up, and protection functions. The integrated 725 V MOSFET provides extended voltage margin and ensures high reliability even during line surge events. The device is powered from the BYPASS pin via the decoupling capacitor C9. At start-up, C9 is charged by U1 from an internal current source via the DRAIN pin and then during normal operation it is supplied by the output via R15 and D4. The rectified and filtered input voltage is applied to one end of the primary winding of T1. The other side of the transformer's primary winding is driven by the integrated MOSFET in U1. The leakage inductance drain voltage spike is limited by an RCD-R clamp consisting of D2, R13, R12, and C7. Diode D6 is used to protect the IC from negative ringing (drain voltage ringing below source voltage) when the MOSFET is off due to the reflected output voltage exceeding the DC bus voltage, the result of minimal input capacitance to give high power factor. 4.6 Output Rectification The secondary of the transformer is rectified by D5 and filtered by C11. A Schottky barrier type was selected for higher efficiency. As C11 provides energy storage during AC zero crossings its value determines the magnitude of the line frequency output ripple (2 x fL due to full wave rectification). The value may therefore be adjusted based on the desired output ripple. For the 680 F value shown the output ripple is 50% of IO. Resistor R17 and C10 damp high frequency ringing and improve conducted and radiated EMI. 4.7 Output Feedback The CC mode set-point is determined by the voltage drop that appears across R18 which is then fed to the FB pin of U1. Output overvoltage protection is provided by VR2 and R14 (the effect of R14 on the current sense signal in negligible and can be ignored). Page 11 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 5 PCB Layout Figure 5 - Top Printed Circuit Layout 0.83" (20.86 mm) x 2.52" (63.9 mm). Figure 6 - Bottom Printed Circuit Layout. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 12 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 6 Bill of Materials Item Qty 1 1 Ref Des Description BR1 Bridge Rectifier Diode MBS GPP 0.8A 1000V 600 V, 0.5 A, Bridge Rectifier, SMD, MBS-1, 4-SOIC 22 nF, 50 V, Ceramic, Y5V, 0603 22 nF, 630V, Film 68 nF, 400 V, Film 1000 pF, 630 V, Ceramic, X7R, 1206 10 nF, 50 V, Ceramic, X7R, 0805 1 F, 25 V, Ceramic, X7R, 0805 1 nF, 100 V, Ceramic, X7R, 0805 680 F, 25 V, Electrolytic, Very Low ESR, 32 m, (10 x 16) Do not mount (unstalled/optional location only) Do not mount (unstalled/optional location only) 100 V, 0.2 A, Fast Switching, 50 ns, SOD-323 DIODE ULTRA FAST, SW 600V, 1A, SMA 100 V, 1 A, Schottky, DO-214AC (SMA) 800 V, 1 A, Rectifier, Glass Passivated, DO213AA (MELF) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 BR1 (sub) C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 9 1 C11 10 11 12 13 14 0 0 1 1 1 C1 C12 D4 D2 D5 15 1 D6 22 2 23 24 1 1 25 1 26 27 28 29 1 1 1 1 30 2 31 32 0 1 D6 (sub) F1 L1 L2 Q3 R2 R9 R3 R4 R7 R8 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R21 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R22 RV1 33 1 T1 34 35 1 1 U1 VR2 36 1 J1 J2 37 1 J3 38 1 J4 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 2 1 2 2 2 Page 13 of 60 Manufacturer P/N Manufacturer B10S-G Comchip Technology MB6S-TP Micro Commercial ECJ-1VF1H223Z ECQ-E6223KZ ECQ-E4683KF ECJ-3FB2J102K ECJ-2VB1H103K ECJ-2FB1E105K ECJ-2VB2A102K Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic 25ZLH680MEFC10X16 Rubycon BAV19WS-7-F US1J-13-F SS110-TP Diode Inc. Diodes, Inc Micro commercial DL4006-13-F Diodes Inc RS1D-13-F Diodes Inc 3.15 A, 250V, Slow, RST 2.2 mH, 0.15 A, Ferrite Core SCR, 400 V, 0.8 A, SMD, SOT-223 4.7 k, 5%, 1/4 W, Thick Film, 1206 750 k, 5%, 1/4 W, Thick Film, 1206 240 , 5%, 1/4 W, Thick Film, 1206 507-1181 CTSCH875DF - 222K P0102DN 5AA4 ERJ-8GEYJ472V ERJ-8GEYJ754V ERJ-8GEYJ241V Belfuse CTParts ST Microelectroics Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic 510 , 5%, 1/4 W, Thick Film, 1206 ERJ-8GEYJ511V Panasonic 100 k, 5%, 1/4 W, Thick Film, 1206 4.7 , 5%, 1/8 W, Thick Film, 0805 ERJ-8GEYJ104V ERJ-6GEYJ4R7V Panasonic Panasonic 1 k, 5%, 1/4 W, Thick Film, 1206 ERJ-8GEYJ102V Panasonic 3.3 k, 5%, 1/10 W, Thick Film, 0603 10 k, 5%, 1/10 W, Thick Film, 0603 27 , 5%, 1/10 W, Thick Film, 0603 0.82 , 1%, 1/2 W, Thick Film, 1206 ERJ-3GEYJ332V ERJ-3GEYJ103V ERJ-3GEYJ270V RL1632R-R820-F Panasonic Panasonic Panasonic Susumu Co Ltd NFR0200004709JR500 Vishay/BC Components V275LA4P Littlefuse SNX-R1536 Santronics LNK457DG MAZS2000ML Power Integrations Panasonic-SSG 5002 Keystone 5000 Keystone 5001 Keystone 200 V, 1 A, Fast Recovery, 150ns, SMA 47 , 5%, 2 W, MF Fusible Do not mount (unstalled/optional location only) 275 V, 23 J, 7 mm, RADIAL Custom transformer, EE16. See report for specifications LinkSwitch-PL, LNK457DG, SO-8C 20 V, 5%, 150 mW, SSMINI-2 Test point, WHT, Miniature THRU-HOLE MOUNT Test point, RED, Miniature THRU-HOLE MOUNT Test point, BLK, Miniature THRU-HOLE MOUNT Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 7 Transformer Design Spreadsheet ACDC_LinkSwitch-PLFlb_042910; Rev.1.0; Copyright Power Integrations 2010 INPUT INFO OUTPUT UNIT ACDC_LinkSwitch-PL_Flb_042910; LinkSwitch-PL Flyback Transformer Design Spreadsheet 5 W Dimmable Power Factor Corrected LED Driver (Non-Isolated) Using LinkSwitch-PL LNK457DG ENTER APPLICATION VARIABLES VACMIN 85 85 V Minimum AC input voltage VACMAX 265 265 V Maximum AC input voltage FL 50 50 Hz Minimum line frequency VO_MAX 18 18 V Maximum Output Voltage 10.0 V Minimum output voltage before device operates in cycle skipping at VACMAX Average output current VO_MIN IO 0.35 0.350 A N 0.7 0.7 %/100 Z 0.7 0.7 Loss allocation factor. Larger value of Z means losses are more on secondary side, smaller value of Z means more losses on primary side. Open Frame Open Frame Enclosure selections determines thermal conditions and maximum power Enclosure Total power supply efficiency PO 6.30 W Average output power VD 0.7 V Output diode forward voltage drop LinkSwitch-PL DESIGN VARIABLES Device LNK457 VOR Chose device PO max in Open Frame: 7.357W, PO Max in Retrofit Lamp: 6.893125 W. LNK457 120.7 V Reflected output voltage Turns Ratio 6.5 TON 3.27 us FSW 122.1 kHz Expected switching frequency at low line and PO Duty Cycle 39.9 % Expected operating duty cycle at low line and PO VDRAIN 620 V Estimated drain voltage IRMS 0.154 A Primary RMS current IPK 0.595 A Peak primary current Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Primary to secondary turns ratio Expected on-time of MOSFET at low line and PO Page 14 of 60 15-Feb-11 ACDC_LinkSwitch-PLFlb_042910; Rev.1.0; Copyright Power Integrations 2010 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply INPUT INFO OUTPUT UNIT ILIM_MAX 0.910 A KDP 1.51 ACDC_LinkSwitch-PL_Flb_042910; LinkSwitch-PL Flyback Transformer Design Spreadsheet Device peak current Ratio between off-time of switch and reset time of core LinkSwitch-PL EXTERNAL COMPONENT CALCULATIONS RSENSE 0.829 Ohms Output current sense resistor Standard RSENSE 0.83 Ohms Closest 1% value for RSENSE PSENSE 0.102 W Power dissipated by RSENSE ENTER TRANSFORMER CORE/CONSTRUCTION VARIABLES Core Type EE16 Core Part Number EE16 Core Type PC40EE16-Z Core Part Number (if Available) BE-16118CPH Bobbin Part Number Bobbin Part Number (if available) AE 19.20 mm^2 LE 35.00 mm AL 1140 nH/T^2 BW 8.6 mm Core Effective Cross Sectional Area Core Effective Path Length Ungapped Core Effective Inductance Bobbin Physical Winding Width L 3 Number of primary winding layers NS 20 Turns 0.660 mH LP Tolerance 10 % NP 130 Turns Primary Winding Number of Turns ALG 39 nH/T^2 Gapped Core Effective Inductance BM 1574 Gauss Maximum (BM < 3000 G) BAC 787 Gauss AC Flux Density for Core Loss Curves (0.5 X Peak to Peak) 2650 Gauss Target Peak Flux density. Recommended value of BP_TARGET < 3700 G. 2647 Gauss Peak Flux Density (BP < 3700 G ) Number of Secondary Turns TRANSFORMER PRIMARY DESIGN PARAMETERS LP BP_TARGET BP Page 15 of 60 2650 Primary Inductance Tolerance of Primary Inductance Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply ACDC_LinkSwitch-PLFlb_042910; Rev.1.0; Copyright Power Integrations 2010 INPUT INFO 15-Feb-11 ACDC_LinkSwitch-PL_Flb_042910; LinkSwitch-PL Flyback Transformer Design Spreadsheet OUTPUT UNIT LG 0.618 mm Gap Length (Lg > 0.1 mm) BWE 25.8 mm Effective Bobbin Width OD 0.20 mm Maximum Primary Wire Diameter including insulation INS 0.04 mm Estimated Total Insulation Thickness (= 2 * film thickness) DIA 0.16 mm Bare conductor diameter AWG 35 AWG Primary Wire Gauge (Rounded to next smaller standard AWG value) CM 32 Cmils Bare conductor effective area in circular mils CMA 208 Cmils/Amp Primary Winding Current Capacity (200 < CMA < 500) Primary Current Density (J) 9.61 A/ mm^2 ISP 3.87 A Peak Secondary Current ISRMS 0.91 A Secondary RMS current IO 0.35 A Output Current PIVS 83.6 V Peak Inverse Voltage experienced by the output diode with added 10% margin added for reverse recovery voltage spike CMS1 183 Cmils Output Winding Bare Conductor minimum circular mils AWGS 27 AWG Wire Gauge (Rounded up to next larger standard AWG value) DIAS 0.36 mm Minimum Bare Conductor Diameter ODS 1.29 mm Maximum Outside Diameter for Triple Insulated Wire Primary Winding Current density (3.8 < J < 9.75 A/mm^2) SECONDARY DESIGN PARAMETERS Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 16 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 8 Transformer Specification 8.1 Electrical Diagram 2 WD2: Primary 130T - #35AWG 1 7 WD1: 1st half Secondary 10T - 2 x #28AWG 3 WD3: 2nd half Seconadry 10T - 2 x #28AWG 6 Figure 7 - Transformer Electrical Diagram. 8.2 Electrical Specifications Electrical Strength Primary Inductance Resonant Frequency Primary Leakage Inductance 8.3 3 second, 60 Hz, from pins 1-2 to pins 6-7 Pins 1-2, all other windings open, measured at 100 kHz, 0.4 VRMS Pins 1-2, all other windings open Pins 1-2, with pins 7-9 shorted, measured at 100 kHz, 0.4 VRMS 500 VAC 660 H, 10 % 1200 kHz (Min.) 15 H (Max.) Materials Item [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] Description Core: EE16/PC40 Bobbin: EE16, Horizontal, 10 pins, (5/5), TF1613 (Taiwan Shulin) or equivalent. Magnet wire: #28 AWG double coated. Magnet wire: #35 AWG double coated. Tape: 3M 1298 Polyester Film, 8.0 mm wide, 2.0mils thick or equivalent. Varnish. Page 17 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 8.4 15-Feb-11 Transformer Build Diagram 3 6 WD3 10T - 2 x #28AWG 1 WD2 130T - #35AWG (wound in 3 layers: 44T+43T+43T) 2 7 3 WD1 10T - 2 x #28AWG Figure 8 - Transformer Build Diagram. Figure 9 - Transformer Assembly. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 18 of 60 15-Feb-11 8.5 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Transformer Construction Winding Preparation WD1 1st Half of Secondary Insulation WD2 Primary Insulation WD3 2nd Half of Secondary Insulation Finish Page 19 of 60 Place bobbin on the mandrel such that primary on the left and secondary on the right. Winding direction is clock-wise direction. Start at pin 7, wind 10 bifilar turns of wire item [3] from right to left, and terminate at pin 3. 1 layer of tape item [5]. Start at pin 2, wind 130 turns of wire item [4] in 3 layers: 44T+43T+43T, place 2 layers of tape item [5] between layers, see fig.7 above, and terminate at pin 1. 1 layer of tape item [5]. Start at pin 3, wind 10 bifilar turns of wire item [3] from left to right, and terminate at pin 6. 2 layers of tape item [5]. Grind core halves to get 660 H assemble with tape. Varnish. Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 8.6 15-Feb-11 Winding Illustrations Winding Preparation Place bobbin on the mandrel such that primary on the left and secondary on the right. Winding direction is clock-wise direction. WD1 1 Half of Secondary Start at pin 7, wind 10 bifilar turns of wire item [3] from right to left, and terminate at pin 3. st Insulation WD2 Primary Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 1 layer of tape item [5]. Start at pin 2, wind 130 turns of wire item [4] in 3 layers: 44T+43T+43T, place 2 layers of tape item [5] between layers, Page 20 of 60 15-Feb-11 WD2 Primary (Cont'd) Insulation Page 21 of 60 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Refer to fig.7 above, and terminate at pin 1. 1 layer of tape item [5]. Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 2 nd 15-Feb-11 Start at pin 3, wind 10 bifilar turns of wire item [3] from left to right, and terminate at pin 6. WD3 Half of Secondary 2 layers of tape item [5]. Insulation Grind core halves to get 660H, between cores see figure.3, and assemble with tape. Varnish. Finish Figure 10 - Transformer Construction. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 22 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 9 Performance Data All measurements performed at room temperature otherwise specified. 9.1 Active Mode Efficiency 80 79 Efficiency (%) 78 77 76 75 74 73 Non-Dimmable Dimmable 72 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Input Voltage (VAC) Figure 11 - Full Load (15 V, 350 mA) Efficiency with Respect to Line Input Voltage and Dimming or NonDimming Configuration (active damper and bleeder removed). Page 23 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 9.2 Non-Dimmable Configuration Active Damper and Bleeder components removed. Input VAC (VRMS) 90 115 132 180 220 230 265 230 220 180 132 115 90 9.3 Input Measurement Freq (Hz) 47 60 60 50 50 50 63 50 50 50 60 60 47 IIN (mARMS) 75.020 61.030 53.870 39.540 32.160 31.040 27.800 29.932 30.723 37.740 50.848 58.278 74.710 PIN (W) 6.728 6.981 7.054 7.010 6.902 6.934 6.915 6.676 6.577 6.682 6.653 6.665 6.700 PF 0.9973 0.9950 0.9924 0.9853 0.9755 0.9717 0.9384 0.9700 0.9731 0.9839 0.9914 0.9945 0.9973 Load Measurement %THD 6.6400 8.36 10.09 12.02 12.35 12.21 12.07 12.53 12.59 12.37 10.77 8.7100 6.67 VO (VDC) 15.12 15.17 15.17 15.15 15.13 15.13 15.13 15.08 15.07 15.08 15.08 15.08 15.06 IO (mADC) 342.80 358.10 361.90 361.10 354.60 356.20 354.80 343.50 339.60 345.10 343.90 343.80 342.80 Efficiency (%) PO (W) 5.23 5.47 5.52 5.52 5.41 5.43 5.40 5.22 5.16 5.25 5.22 5.22 5.21 77.73 78.30 78.31 78.69 78.33 78.32 78.05 78.21 78.39 78.51 78.40 78.24 77.73 Dimmable Input VAC (VRMS) 90 115 132 180 220 230 265 230 220 180 132 115 90 Input Measurement Freq (Hz) 47 60 60 50 50 50 63 50 50 50 60 60 47 IIN (mARMS) 81.250 65.400 55.980 41.920 34.910 33.690 30.110 31.986 33.249 39.671 52.683 63.186 79.780 PIN (W) 7.29 7.47 7.31 7.35 7.30 7.30 7.09 6.89 6.91 6.94 6.87 7.22 7.15 PF 0.9974 0.9941 0.9895 0.9746 0.9507 0.9423 0.8886 0.9370 0.9448 0.9719 0.9877 0.9938 0.9974 Load Measurement %THD 6.0100 7.18 9.6 12.23 13.43 13.09 22.46 13.85 13.71 12.7 10.57 7.3500 5.98 VO (VDC) 15.13 15.18 15.16 15.16 15.15 15.14 15.11 15.07 15.07 15.07 15.05 15.08 15.03 IO (mADC) 349.10 368.00 364.90 371.20 369.20 369.30 359.00 350.00 351.60 352.10 346.60 358.40 345.50 Efficiency (%) PO (W) 5.33 5.62 5.57 5.67 5.64 5.64 5.45 5.31 5.34 5.35 5.25 5.44 5.24 73.14 75.22 76.16 77.19 77.21 77.21 76.88 77.12 77.25 77.07 76.42 75.34 73.22 Table 1 - Full Load Characteristic, Verified with 5 White LED Series String. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 24 of 60 15-Feb-11 9.4 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Harmonics Meets EN61000-3-2 Harmonics contents standards. Order 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 Input Current Harmonics (mA) Non-Dimmable Dimmable 115 V 230 V 115 V 230 V 61.87 32.40 62.19 32.52 1.45 1.25 1.92 1.51 3.72 1.26 3.22 1.57 0.81 1.61 1.51 1.72 0.29 1.55 0.84 1.64 1.69 1.58 1.02 1.63 0.79 1.61 0.17 1.55 0.65 1.30 0.69 1.31 0.90 0.81 1.37 1.05 1.08 0.69 1.50 0.73 0.58 0.30 0.81 0.99 0.81 0.22 1.00 0.53 0.61 0.13 0.62 0.66 0.64 0.11 0.34 0.50 0.67 0.15 0.52 0.45 0.70 0.14 0.59 0.36 0.53 0.11 0.57 0.30 0.43 0.12 0.57 0.39 0.33 0.12 0.55 0.35 0.20 0.12 0.43 0.36 0.06 0.14 0.24 0.28 0.13 0.15 0.21 0.24 0.20 0.09 0.12 0.27 0.15 0.11 0.24 0.18 0.10 0.13 0.27 0.15 EN 61000-3-2 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Table 2 - Harmonics Contents Page 25 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 50 115 V Limit 115 V Non-Dimmable 115 V Dimmable 230 V Limit 230 V Non-Dimmable 230 V Dimmable 45 40 Current (mA) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 Harmonic Order Figure 12 - UUT Harmonic content. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 26 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 9.5 Power Factor Line voltage was swept from minimum to maximum and back. The difference seen is due to the hysteresis between operating states of the internal controller and is deterministic. 1.00 Non-dimmable Dimmable 0.98 Power Factor 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Input Voltage (VAC) Figure 13 - Power Factor with Respect to AC Input at Full Load. Page 27 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 9.6 Line Regulation Line voltage was swept from minimum to maximum and back. The difference seen is due to the hysteresis between the operating states of the internal controller and is deterministic. 7 Current Regulation (%) 5 3 1 -1 -3 -5 Dimmable Non-Dimmable -7 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Line Input Voltage (VAC) Figure 14 - Line Regulation, Room Temperature, Full Load. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 28 of 60 15-Feb-11 9.7 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Dimming Performance 9.7.1 Dimming Range The design was characterized using a programmable AC source to simulate a leading edge TRIAC dimmer. Data was taken in 1 degree phase angle steps. 0.40 0.35 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Dimming Angle (Degrees) Figure 15 - 115 V Phase Angle Dimming Characteristic (Increasing Output Current). Page 29 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Output Current (A) 0.30 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 0.40 0.35 Output Current (A) 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Dimming Angle (Degrees) Figure 16 - 115 V Phase Angle Dimming Characteristic (Decreasing Output Current). Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 30 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 0.40 0.35 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Dimming Angle (Degrees) Figure 17 - 230 V Phase Angle Dimming Characteristic (Increasing Output Current). Page 31 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Output Current (A) 0.30 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 0.40 0.35 Output Current (A) 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Dimming Angle (Degrees) Figure 18 - 230 V Phase Angle Dimming Characteristic (Increasing Output Current). Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 32 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 9.7.2 Unit to Unit Tracking 0.40 Unit 1 Unit 2 Output Current (A) 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Dimming Angle (Degrees) Figure 19 - Sample Curve for Unit to Unit Output Current Dimming Performance at 115 V / 60 Hz. Page 33 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 0.40 Unit 2 Unit 2 Output Current (A) 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Dimming Angle (Degrees) Figure 20 - Sample Curve for Unit to Unit Output Current Dimming Performance at 230 V / 50 Hz. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 34 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 10 Thermal Performance 10.1 Thermal Set-up The unit was verified inside a cardboard box to avoid the influence of circulating air inside the thermal chamber. Figure 21 - Thermal Chamber Set-up Showing Box Used to Prevent Airflow Over UUT. Figure 22 - UUT Within Box. Page 35 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 10.2 Equipment Used Chamber: Tenney Environmental Chamber Model No: TJR-17 942 AC Source: Chroma Programmable AC Source Model No: 6415 Wattmeter: Yokogawa Power Meter Model No: WT2000 Data Logger: Monogram SN:1290492 10.3 Thermal Result Load: 5 LED in series (15 V / 350 mA). Ambient of 80C simulates operation inside sealed LED replacement enclosure. Supply correctly started up and operated at -30C Item Output Shorted Normal Operation (C) Ambient (C) Bridge (BR1) Fet (damper) (Q2) 90 V 50 Hz 80 101 99 115 V 60 Hz 80 112 110 230 V 50 Hz 80 104 104 265 V 60 Hz 80 97 100 265 V 60 Hz 80 92 93 Input Inductor (L2) Transformer Core (T1) Transformer Winding (T1) LNK457 (U1) Output Capacitor (C11) Output Diode (D5) 96 101 105 113 96 110 105 109 114 126 103 120 101 107 112 122 101 118 99 106 111 120 101 118 88 88 87 95 81 89 Cold Start-up (PASS) 90 V 50 Hz -30 265 V 60 Hz -30 Table 3 - Thermal Data for Dimmable Unit. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 36 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 10.4 Thermal Scan Load: 5 LED in series (15 V / 350 mA) Figure 23 - LNK457DG Device Temperature at 25C Open Air. Figure 24 - Bottom Side of PCB, Trace and Device Temperature. Page 37 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 11 Waveforms 11.1 Drain Voltage and Current 11.1.1 Normal Steady State Operation Figure 25 - 90 VAC / 50 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Upper: VDRAIN, 100 V / div., 2 ms / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div. Figure 26 - 90 VAC / 50 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Upper: VDRAIN, 100 V / div., 1 s / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div. Figure 27 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Upper: VDRAIN, 100 V / div., 1 ms / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div. Figure 28 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Upper: VDRAIN, 100 V / div., 1 s / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 38 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 29 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Upper: VDRAIN, 200 V / div., 5 ms / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div. Figure 30 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Upper: VDRAIN, 200 V / div., 5 s / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div. Figure 31 - 265 VAC / 63 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Upper: VDRAIN, 200 V / div., 1 ms / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div. Figure 32 - 265 VAC / 63 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Upper: VDRAIN, 200 V / div., 5 s / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div. Page 39 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 11.1.2 AC Start-up Figure 33 - 265 VAC / 63 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 5 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Figure 34 - 265 VAC / 63 Hz, 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 5 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 ms / div. 11.1.3 115 V TRIAC in Series with AC Input Figure 35 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz, 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 ms / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Figure 36 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz, 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 100 s / div. Page 40 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 37 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz, 90 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 ms / div. Figure 38 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz, 90 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 s / div. Figure 39 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz, 135 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 ms / div. Figure 40 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz, 135 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 s / div. Page 41 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 11.1.4 230 V TRIAC in Series with AC Input Figure 41 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 ms / div. Figure 43 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 90 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 ms / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Figure 42 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 s / div. Figure 44 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 90 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 100 s / div. Page 42 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 45 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 135 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 ms / div. Figure 46 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz, 135 Dimming Phase Angle. 6 LED in Series (18.2 V / 350 mA) Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 20 s / div. 11.1.5 Fault Conditions (Output Shorted / Open Circuit) Figure 47 - 265 VAC. Load Shorted. Upper: VDRAIN, 200 V / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div., 2 ms / div. Page 43 of 60 Figure 48 - 265 VAC. Load Shorted. Upper: VDRAIN, 200 V / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div., 1 s / div. Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 49 - 265 VAC. Load Shorted. Upper: VDRAIN, 200 V / div. Lower: IDRAIN, 0.2 A / div., 50 s / div. 15-Feb-11 Figure 50 - 265 VAC. Load Open. Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 10 V / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 20 s / div. 11.2 Output Current Start-up Profile Figure 51 -90 VAC / 47 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 500 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Figure 52 -115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 500 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Page 44 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 53 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 500 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Figure 54 - 265 VAC / 63 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 500 mA / div., 50 ms / div. 11.3 Input and Output Waveforms 11.3.1 Normal Operation (VIN, IIN, VO and IO) Figure 55 - 90 VAC / 47 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. Page 45 of 60 Figure 56 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 57 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. 15-Feb-11 Figure 58 - 265 VAC / 63 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. 11.4 Dimming Operation (VIN, IIN, VO and IO) Figure 59 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz. 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Figure 60 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz. 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms/ div. Page 46 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 61 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz. 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 5 LED in Series (15 V) Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. Figure 62 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz. 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 5 LED in Series (15 V) Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. Figure 63 - 115 VAC / 60 Hz. 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 5 LED in Series (15 V) Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 50 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. Figure 64 - 230 VAC / 50 Hz. 45 Dimming Phase Angle. 5 LED in Series (15 V) Ch1(Yellow): VIN, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VO, 2 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IIN, 50 mA / div., 5 ms / div. Page 47 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 11.5 Line Transient Response In the figures shown below, signal averaging was used to better enable viewing the load transient response. The oscilloscope was triggered using the load current step as a trigger source. Since the output switching and line frequency occur essentially at random with respect to the load transient, contributions to the output ripple from these sources will average out, leaving the contribution only from the load step response. Figure 65 - 115-0-115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 s / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Figure 66 - 115-85-115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 2 s / div. Page 48 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 67 - 115-85-115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 10 ms / div. Figure 68 - 115-85-115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div Figure 69 - 115-132-115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 500 ms / div. Figure 70 - 115-132-115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 10 ms / div. Page 49 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 Figure 71 - 115-132-115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Figure 72 - 115-132-115 VAC / 60 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 100 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Figure 73 - 230-180-230 VAC / 50 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Figure 74 - 230-180-230 VAC / 50 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 50 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Figure 75 - 230-180-230 VAC / 50 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Figure 76 - 230-265-230 VAC / 50 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50ms / div. Figure 77 - 230-180-230 VAC / 50 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Figure 78 - 230-265-230 VAC / 50 Hz. 5 LED in Series (15 V). Ch1(Yellow): VDS, 200 V / div. Ch2(Red): VIN, 200 V / div. Ch3(Blue): IO, 100 mA / div. Ch4(Green): IDS, 200 mA / div., 50 ms / div. Page 51 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 12 Line Surge Differential input line 1.2/50 s surge testing was completed on a single test unit to IEC61000-4-5. Input voltage was set at 230 VAC / 60 Hz. Output was loaded with 5 LED in series (14.5 V / 350 mA) and operation was verified following each surge event. Surge Level (V) Input Voltage (VAC) Injection Location Injection Phase () Surge Type Test Result (Pass/Fail) +500 -500 +2500 -2500 230 230 230 230 L1 to L2 L1 to L2 L1 to L2 L1 to L2 90 90 90 90 Line Line Ring Wave (200 A) Ring Wave (200 A) Pass Pass Pass Pass Unit passed all test conditions. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 52 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 13 Conducted EMI 13.1 Equipment: Receiver: Rohde & Schwarz ESPI - Test Receiver (9 kHz - 3 GHz) Model No: ESPI3 LISN: Rohde & Scharrz Two-Line-V-Network Model No: ENV216 13.2 EMI Test Set-up LED driver is placed in a conical metal housing (for self-ballasted lamps; CISPR15 Edition 7.2). Figure 79 - Conducted Emissions Measurement Set-up Showing Conical Ground Plane Inside which UUT was Mounted. Page 53 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Power Integrations 14.Sep 10 14:50 RBW MT 15-Feb-11 9 kHz 500 ms Att 10 dB AUTO dBV 120 EN55015Q 110 1 QP CLRWR 100 kHz LIMIT CHECK 1 MHz PASS 10 MHz SGL 100 90 2 AV CLRWR TDF 80 70 60 50 EN55015A 6DB 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 9 kHz 30 MHz Figure 80- Pre-scan Conducted EMI, Maximum Steady State Load, 115 VAC, 60 Hz, and EN55015 Limits. Note Blue Line is Peak Result vs. QP Limit Line - Refer to Table for QP Margin. Table 4 - Conducted EMI, Maximum Steady State Load, 115 VAC, 60 Hz, and EN55015 Margin. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 54 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply Power Integrations 14.Sep 10 15:21 RBW MT 9 kHz 500 ms Att 10 dB AUTO dBV 120 EN55015Q 110 1 QP CLRWR 100 kHz LIMIT CHECK 1 MHz PASS 10 MHz SGL 100 90 2 AV CLRWR TDF 80 70 60 50 EN55015A 6DB 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 9 kHz 30 MHz Figure 81 - Pre-scan Conducted EMI, Maximum Steady State Load, 230 VAC, 60 Hz, and EN55015 Limits. Note Blue Line is Peak Result vs. QP Limit Line - Refer to Table for QP Margin. Table 5 - Conducted EMI, Maximum Steady State Load, 230 VAC, 60 Hz, and EN55015 Margin. Page 55 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 14 Dimming Compatibility The operation of a single unit was tested with the dimmers listed in the table below. Power Rating Test Voltage Test Freq 115 V 60 Hz 115 V 2 Units in Parallel Min Max (mA) (mA) 0.024 360 0.083 352.2 Max Manufacturer N.S. 500 W DIING CHUNG WS-5005 TRIAC Application/ Remarks Wide angle operation 60 Hz N.S. 600 W Lutron TGLV600PR TRIAC Limited angle operation 7.6 286.9 16.4 296.7 115 V 60 Hz N.S. 600 W Lutron (Skylark) S-600PRWH TRIAC Limited angle operation 1.5 286 6.89 298 115 V 60 Hz N.S. Smartlabs 2476D Electronic Electronic dimmer 2.66 324 0.082 320.6 115 V 60 Hz N.S. Hsien Long Co.,Ltd Y-25082A TRIAC Incandescent / Halogen 0.036 357.3 0.014 352 Electronic Low Voltage Trailing edge dimmer 91.8 365.8 82.9 354.1 Triac 0.008 282.6 0.008 282.2 WN575149 WT57615K NWD9051 TRIAC TRIAC TRIAC *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** 14.16 22.54 1.75 2.843 294.4 303.9 331.1 346.4 Two way switch MOSFET; built-in soft-start Incandescent Electronic transformer Electromechanical transformer 25.14 284.9 21.91 281.1 TRIAC Incandescent *** *** 87.5* 362 * *** *** 78.1 ** 347** Trailing edge dimmer 8.31 381 2.23 375.9 Incandescent *** *** 36.29 ** 353.8** High power Incandescent *** *** 76.2** 363** 1 347 0.79 359.3 Min 800W 115 V 60 Hz N.S. 300 W Leviton 115 V 60 Hz N.S. 600 W Lutron 100 V 100 V 100 V 110 V 60 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz 60 Hz 40 W 40 W 40 W 400 W 500 W 500 W 500 W Panasonic Panasonic Toshiba Songkung 6615-POW D-600RWH 40 W 500 W Relco RTM 34LED DAX S 230 V 50 Hz 40 W 160 W Relco RM34DMA 230 V 50 Hz 100 W 500 W Relco RT34DMA 230 V 50 Hz RH34LED 230 V 50 Hz 40 W 300 W Relco RTS 34.43 RLI 230 V 50 Hz 100 W 500 W Relco RT34DSL 230 V 50 Hz 230 V Clipmei Dimmer Type Single Unit Min Max (mA) (mA) Part Number Electronic TRIAC TRIAC (DIAC in gate, 2 1.2mH in series to TRIAC, 150nF across terminals of dimmer) Note: **** Holding current of dimmer is well above the drawn current of UUT ** 6 units in parallel * 3 units in parallel N.S. - Not Specified. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 56 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15 Output Current Production Distribution Figure 82 shows the production distribution of output current for 267 RD251 boards. The data was gathered using a NH Research 5600 series power supply test system, commonly used in the power supply industry for production testing of power supplies. The data is also summarized in table 6. Measurements were made at room temperature, VO of 16 V and input voltages of 115 VAC and 230 VAC. This distribution includes variations not only from the LinkSwitch-PL devices but also all the components of the driver. 230V, 50Hz, 16V Load: Iout in mA 50 Mean StDev N 362.0 5.608 267 Mean StDev N 356.5 4.122 267 Frequency 40 30 20 10 0 34 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 0 0 5 6. 49. 51. 54. 56. 59. 61. 64. 66. 69. 71. 74. 76. 79. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 230V, 50Hz, 16V Load: Iout 115V, 60Hz, 16V Load: Iout in mA 80 70 Frequency 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 345 348 351 354 357 360 363 366 115V, 60Hz, 16V Load: Iout 369 372 Figure 82 - Output current distribution plot for RD251 From the data it can be seen that the output current could be centered slightly (-1.9% at 115 VAC) to achieve the 350 mA nominal output current by adjusting the output current sense resistor value. Therefore to correctly demonstrate the achievable tolerance of the design, CP values were calculated versus CPK. CP provides process capability Page 57 of 60 Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 when the distribution is centered (CP=CPK for a centered process) such as would be the case if the sense resistor were adjusted. Output current tolerance values are given based on CP of 1.33, 1.5, and 1.67. A value of 1.33 is typical for high volume production. A value of 1.5 is generally considered to indicate a 6 sigma process (allowing for a 1.5 sigma drift from the mean with a CP of 2). For reference Table 7 shows the expected PPM fallout rate for a given CP/CPK value. Input Voltage (VAC) Mean (mA) (mA) 115 356.5 230 362.0 IO Tolerance for given CP Value CP=1.33 CP=1.5 CP=1.67 4.12 4.7% 5.3% 5.9% 5.61 6.4% 7.2% 8% Table 6 - Output current tolerance vs CP value CPK Sigma PPM 1 3 2700 1.33 4 64 1.5 4.5 7 1.67 5 1 Table 7 - PPM Fallout rate vs CPK value The data in Table 6 shows that the design meets the +/-7% target specification with a CP of >1.33. In additional the design is capable of meeting a tolerance specification of < +/5% at low line. Power Integrations, Inc. Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com Page 58 of 60 15-Feb-11 RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 16 Revision History Date 20-Oct-10 14-Dec-10 03-Feb-11 Author JDC JDC PV Revision 1.8 1.9 1.91 15-Feb-11 PV 1.92 Page 59 of 60 Description & changes Initial Release BOM Updated Production distribution of output current added (section 15). Edited distribution text Reviewed Apps & Mktg Apps & Mktg Apps & Mktg Power Integrations Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com RDR-251 - 5 W, PFC, Dimmable LED Power Supply 15-Feb-11 For the latest updates, visit our website: www.powerint.com Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein. POWER INTEGRATIONS MAKES NO WARRANTY HEREIN AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. PATENT INFORMATION The products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations' patents may be found at www.powerint.com. Power Integrations grants its customers a license under certain patent rights as set forth at http://www.powerint.com/ip.htm. The PI Logo, TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, LinkSwitch, DPA-Switch, PeakSwitch, EcoSmart, Clampless, E-Shield, Filterfuse, StackFET, PI Expert and PI FACTS are trademarks of Power Integrations, Inc. Other trademarks are property of their respective companies. (c)Copyright 2010 Power Integrations, Inc. Power Integrations Worldwide Sales Support Locations WORLD HEADQUARTERS 5245 Hellyer Avenue San Jose, CA 95138, USA. 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Tel: +1 408 414 9200 Fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com APPLICATIONS FAX World Wide +1-408-414-9760 Page 60 of 60 Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: Power Integrations: RDK-251