TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com FEATURES * * * * * * * * Complete PWM Power-Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply Trimmed to 1% Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization Undervoltage Lockout for Low-VCC Conditions SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 D, N, NS, OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1IN+ 1 16 2IN+ 1IN- 2 15 2IN- FEEDBACK 3 14 REF DTC 4 13 OUTPUT CTRL CT 5 12 VCC RT 6 11 C2 GND 7 10 E2 C1 8 9 E1 DESCRIPTION/ORDERING INFORMATION The TL594 incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, this device offers the systems engineer the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application. The TL594 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V regulator with a precision of 1%, an undervoltage lockout control circuit, and output control circuitry. The error amplifiers have a common-mode voltage range of -0.3 V to VCC - 2 V. The DTC comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can be used to drive the common circuitry in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. Each device provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, with selection by means of the output-control function. The architecture of these devices prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation. The undervoltage lockout control circuit locks the outputs off until the internal circuitry is operational. The TL594C is characterized for operation from 0C to 70C. The TL594I is characterized for operation from -40C to 85C. Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright (c) 1988-2007, Texas Instruments Incorporated TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 ORDERING INFORMATION (1) PACKAGE (2) TA PDIP - N SOIC - D 0C to 70C SOP - NS TSSOP - PW PDIP - N SOIC - D -40C to 85C SOP - NS TSSOP - PW (1) (2) ORDERABLE PART NUMBER Tube of 25 TL594CN Tube of 40 TL594CD Reel of 2500 TL594CDR Reel of 2000 TL594CNSR Tube of 90 TL594CPW Reel of 2000 TL594CPWR Tube of 25 TL594IN Tube of 40 TL594ID Reel of 2500 TL594IDR Reel of 2000 TL594INSR Tube of 90 TL594IPW Reel of 2000 TL594IPWR TOP-SIDE MARKING TL594CN TL594C TL594 T594 TL594IN TL594I TL594I Z594 For the most current package and ordering information, see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document, or see the TI web site at www.ti.com. Package drawings, standard packing quantities, thermal data, symbolization, and PCB design guidelines are available at www.ti.com/sc/package. FUNCTION TABLE INPUT OUTPUT FUNCTION OUTPUT CTRL VI = 0 Single-ended or parallel output VI = Vref Normal push-pull operation FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OUTPUT CTRL (see Function Table) 13 6 RT 5 CT DTC Oscillator 0.1 V 4 9 PWM Comparator 11 10 + 1 - IN+ IN- 15 12 + 2 - Reference Regulator 3 7 0.7 mA 2 C2 E2 Submit Documentation Feedback VCC Undervoltage Lockout Control 14 FEEDBACK E1 Pulse-Steering Flip-Flop Error Amplifier 2 16 C1 C1 Error Amplifier 1 IN+ 1 2 IN- 8 1D DTC Comparator REF GND TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1) over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) VCC Supply voltage (2) Amplifier input voltage JA V 41 V 250 mA Package thermal impedance (3) (4) Operating virtual junction temperature Storage temperature range (4) V VCC + 0.3 Collector output current Tstg (2) (3) UNIT 41 Collector output voltage TJ (1) VALUE D package 73 N package 67 NS package 64 PW package 108 C/W 150 C -65 to 150 C Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to the network ground terminal. Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), JA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) - TA)/JA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150C can affect reliability. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51-7. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS VCC Supply voltage VI Amplifier input voltage VO Collector output voltage MIN MAX 7 40 V -0.3 VCC - 2 V Collector output current (each transistor) Current into FEEDBACK terminal CT Timing capacitor RT Timing resistor fosc Oscillator frequency TA Operating free-air temperature TL594C TL594I Submit Documentation Feedback UNIT 40 V 200 mA 0.3 mA 0.47 10000 nF 1.8 500 k 1 300 kHz 0 70 -40 85 C 3 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 15 V, over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) TEST CONDITIONS (1) PARAMETER MIN TYP (2) MAX UNIT 4.95 5 5.05 V Reference Section Output voltage (REF) IO = 1 mA, TA = 25C Input regulation VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = 25C Output regulation IO = 1 mA to 10 mA, TA = 25C Output-voltage change with temperature TA = MIN to MAX Short-circuit output current (3) Vref = 0 10 2 25 14 35 mV mV 2 10 mV/V 35 50 mA 2 10 mV Amplifier Section (see Figure 1) Input offset voltage, error amplifier FEEDBACK = 2.5 V Input offset current FEEDBACK = 2.5 V 25 250 nA Input bias current FEEDBACK = 2.5 V 0.2 1 A Common-mode input voltage range, error amplifier VCC = 7 V to 40 V Open-loop voltage amplification, error amplifier VO = 3 V, RL = 2 k, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V Unity-gain bandwidth VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, RL = 2 k Common-mode rejection ratio, error amplifier VCC = 40 V, TA = 25C Output sink current, FEEDBACK Output source current, FEEDBACK 0.3 to VCC - 2 70 V 95 dB 800 kHz 65 80 dB VID = -15 mV to -5 V, FEEDBACK = 0.5 V 0.3 0.7 mA VID = 15 mV to 5 V, FEEDBACK = 3.5 V -2 mA Oscillator Section, CT = 0.01 F, RT = 12 k (see Figure 2) Frequency Standard deviation of frequency (4) All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = 25C Frequency change with temperature (5) TA = MIN to MAX 10 kHz 100 Hz/kHz 1 Hz/kHz 50 Hz/kHz -2 -10 A 3 3.3 Dead-Time Control Section (see Figure 2) Input bias current VI = 0 to 5.25 V Maximum duty cycle, each output DTC = 0 V Input threshold voltage 0.45 Zero duty cycle Maximum duty cycle 0 V Output Section VC = 40 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 40 V 2 100 Collector off-state current DTC and OUTPUT CTRL = 0 V, VC = 15 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 1 V to 3 V 4 200 Emitter off-state current VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0 Collector-emitter saturation voltage Output control input current (1) (2) (3) (4) 1.1 1.3 Emitter follower, VC = 15 V, IE = -200 mA 1.5 2.5 VI = Vref 3.5 For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values, except for parameter changes with temperature, are at TA = 25C. Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean, as derived from the formula: N (xn * X)2 s+ (5) 4 -100 Common emitter, VE = 0, IC = 200 mA n+1 N*1 Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor is not taken into account. Submit Documentation Feedback A A V mA TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) VCC = 15 V, over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) TEST CONDITIONS (1) PARAMETER MIN TYP (2) MAX 4 4.5 0.3 0.7 UNIT PWM Comparator Section (see Figure 2) Input threshold voltage, FEEDBACK Zero duty cycle Input sink current, FEEDBACK FEEDBACK = 0.5 V V mA Undervoltage Lockout Section (see Figure 2) TA = 25C Threshold voltage 6 TA = MIN to MAX 3.5 Hysteresis (6) 6.9 100 V mV Overall Device Standby supply current RT at Vref, All other inputs and outputs open Average supply current DTC = 2 V, See Figure 2 (6) VCC = 15 V 9 15 VCC = 40 V 11 18 12.4 mA mA Hysteresis is the difference between the positive-going input threshold voltage and the negative-going input threshold voltage. SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS VCC = 15 V, TA = 25C, over recommended operating conditions (unless otherwise noted) PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS Output-voltage rise time MIN Common-emitter configuration (see Figure 3) Output-voltage fall time Output-voltage rise time Emitter-follower configuration (see Figure 4) Output-voltage fall time TYP MAX UNIT 100 200 ns 30 100 ns 200 400 ns 45 100 ns PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION Amplifier Under Test + VI FEEDBACK - + Vref Other Amplifier Figure 1. Amplifier-Characteristics Test Circuit Submit Documentation Feedback 5 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION (continued) VCC = 15 V 150 W 2W 12 VCC 4 Test Inputs 3 12 kW 6 5 8 C1 DTC TL594 RT 11 C2 CT Output 1 9 E1 FEEDBACK 150 W 2W Output 2 10 E2 0.01 F 1 IN+ IN16 IN+ 15 IN- 2 Error Amplifiers 13 OUTPUT CTRL 14 REF GND 7 50 kW TEST CIRCUIT VCC Voltage at C1 0V VCC Voltage at C2 0V Voltage at CT Threshold Voltage DTC Input 0V Threshold Voltage Feedback Input 0.7 V Duty Cycle MAX 0% VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS Figure 2. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms 6 Submit Documentation Feedback 0% TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION (continued) 15 V tf 68 W 2W Each Output Circuit Output tr 90% 90% CL = 15 pF (includes probe and jig capacitance) 10% 10% TEST CIRCUIT OUTPUT-VOLTAGE WAVEFORM Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration 15 V Each Output Circuit 90% 90% Output 10% 10% 68 W 2W CL = 15 pF (includes probe and jig capacitance) TEST CIRCUIT tr tf OUTPUT-VOLTAGE WAVEFORM Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration Submit Documentation Feedback 7 TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Oscillator Frequency - Hz OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY VARIATION(A) vs TIMING RESISTANCE 100 k VCC = 15 V TA = 25C 40 k -2% 0.001 F -1% 10 k 4k 0.01 F 0% 0.1 F 1k 400 Df = 1% (see Note A) 100 CT = 1 F 40 10 1k A. 4k 10 k 40 k 100 k RT - Timing Resistance - W 400 k 1M Frequency variation (f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range. Figure 5. AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY 100 VCC = 15 V VO = 3 V TA = 25C 90 Voltage Amplification - dB 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10 k f - Frequenc y - Hz Figure 6. 8 Submit Documentation Feedback 100 k 1M TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUIT www.ti.com SLVS052G - APRIL 1988 - REVISED JANUARY 2007 APPLICATION INFORMATION How to Set Dead Time The primary function of the dead-time control is to control the minimum off time of the output of the TL594. The dead-time control input provides control from 5% to 100% dead time. The TL594 can be tailored to the specific power transistor switches that are used, to ensure that the output transistors never experience a common on-time. The bias circuit for the basic function is shown in Figure 7. VREF R1 TD = RTCT(0.05 + 0.35R2) R2 in kW R1 + R2 = 5 kW Dead-Time Control In R2 Figure 7. Setting Dead Time Submit Documentation Feedback 9 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 4-Apr-2011 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CDE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CDG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CDR ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CDRE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CDRG3 PREVIEW SOIC D 16 TL594CDRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) Call TI Call TI CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CN ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type TL594CNE4 ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type TL594CNSR ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CNSRE4 ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CNSRG4 ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CPW ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CPWE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CPWG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 90 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CPWRE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594CPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM Addendum-Page 1 Samples (Requires Login) TL594CD TBD (3) PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 4-Apr-2011 Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Drawing Pins Package Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead/ Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp TL594ID ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IDE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IDG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 40 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IDR ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IDRE4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IDRG4 ACTIVE SOIC D 16 2500 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IN ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type TL594INE4 ACTIVE PDIP N 16 25 Pb-Free (RoHS) CU NIPDAU N / A for Pkg Type TL594INSR ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594INSRG4 ACTIVE SO NS 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IPWR ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IPWRE4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM TL594IPWRG4 ACTIVE TSSOP PW 16 2000 Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) CU NIPDAU Level-1-260C-UNLIM (3) Samples (Requires Login) (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details. TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined. Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. Addendum-Page 2 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 4-Apr-2011 Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above. Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material) (3) MSL, Peak Temp. -- The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature. Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. 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Addendum-Page 3 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION *All dimensions are nominal Device TL594CDRG4 Package Package Pins Type Drawing SOIC SPQ Reel Reel A0 Diameter Width (mm) (mm) W1 (mm) B0 (mm) K0 (mm) P1 (mm) W Pin1 (mm) Quadrant D 16 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 10.3 2.1 8.0 16.0 Q1 TL594CNSR SO NS 16 2000 330.0 16.4 8.2 10.5 2.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 TL594CPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 TL594IDR SOIC D 16 2500 330.0 16.4 6.5 10.3 2.1 8.0 16.0 Q1 TL594INSR SO NS 16 2000 330.0 16.4 8.2 10.5 2.5 12.0 16.0 Q1 TL594IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 330.0 12.4 6.9 5.6 1.6 8.0 12.0 Q1 Pack Materials-Page 1 PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION www.ti.com 14-Jul-2012 *All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm) TL594CDRG4 TL594CNSR SOIC D 16 2500 333.2 345.9 28.6 SO NS 16 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 TL594CPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 367.0 367.0 35.0 TL594IDR SOIC D 16 2500 333.2 345.9 28.6 TL594INSR SO NS 16 2000 367.0 367.0 38.0 TL594IPWR TSSOP PW 16 2000 367.0 367.0 35.0 Pack Materials-Page 2 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its semiconductor products and services per JESD46C and to discontinue any product or service per JESD48B. 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