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Document Number: 001-54879 Rev. *B Page 5 of 19
Functional Description
Overview
The digital logic block is the main control block. All the other
blocks are either inputs or outputs for the digital logic block.
The digital logic block receives signals to determine the input
voltage (VIN), output voltage (VSENSE), temperature (VT), and
output current (ISENSE). It has three output controls; DISENSE
(current control), Output (flyback MOSFET gate drive control),
and Boost_Out (chopper MOSFET gate drive control).
The bias winding of the transformer provides voltage feedback
to the controller for regulation and safety features. The external
voltage sense resistors (not shown) determine the feedback
signal to the VSENSE pin of the controller. The VSENSE pin
connects to circuitry composed of three comparators: VOVP
(output overvoltage protection), VVMS (voltage valley mode
switch), and VFB_C (voltage feedback from coil). When the
VSENSE voltage exceeds VSENSE(MAX) (1.7V) the control block
detects an overvoltage condition, it will enter a shutdown mode
and wait for POR to re-initialize the system. VVMS is monitored
by the control block to determine when the power in the flyback
MOSFET is at a minimum or in a 'valley'. When the VSENSE
voltage goes below the 0.128V threshold the control block starts
monitoring valleys and will start the next cycle at th e 'valley' for
maximum efficiency and minimum switching EMI. For normal
operation, the VSENSE voltage should be set below VSENSE(NOM)
(1.538V). When the VSENSE voltage exceeds VSENSE(NOM) the
controller senses an outp ut overvoltage and tries to maintain a
constant output voltage. This is an intermediate mode where the
controller starts reacting to a problem with the output voltage.
However, an OVP fault will only trigger if VSENSE voltage
exceeds VSENSE(MAX).
The ISENSE pin connects to circuitry composed of three compar-
ators: IPEAK, VOCP, and ISHORT_C. These three blocks work
together for soft start control and peak current detection,
overcurrent protection, and sense resistor short protection
respectively. The DAC VPEAK controls soft start; minimizing
stress associated with system startup. The IPEAK comparator
monitors the voltage at the ISENSE pin. The voltage is generated
by current flowing through a small external resistor (RISENSE -
not shown). When the ISENSE voltage reaches VREG-TH (1.8V),
the IPEAK comparator asserts a high to the control block. The
control block will shut off the output and wait for VVMS detection;
then start the next cycle. The VOCP comparator provides primary
side overcurrent protection. When the voltage on ISENSE reaches
VPEAK (1.9V), the VOCP signal gets asserted. When overcurrent
is detected, the control block will enter a shutdown mode and
reset the system. When the ISENSE voltage reaches VRSNS
(0.16V), a sense resistor short circuit fault is detected and the
control block will enter a shutdown mode and reset all the digital
logic.
The Output signal connects to the gate driver block for the
OUTPUT pin that, in turn, connects to the flyback MOSFET gate
pin (not shown). The OUTPUT pin is a digital control pin that
switches between high level (approximatel y VCC) and low level
(approximately ground). The duration for high (tON) and low
(tOFF) of the Gate Driver is a function of the control block
operating upon its inputs: VINtON, VFB, VVMS, VT, IPEAK, VOCP,
and VCC.
The Boost_Out signal connects to the gate driver block for the
BOOST pin that, in turn, connects to the chopper MOSFET gate
pin (not shown). The BOOST pin is again a digital control pin that
switches between h igh level (appro ximately VCC) and low level
(approximately ground). The BOOST pin timing is internally
controlled and depends on the mode of operation for the IC (that
is, no dimmer, trailing edge dimmer, or leading edge dimmer
mode).
The VT pin connects to a current source (ISD), generated by an
internal LDO, and an analog to digital converter . This pin can be
used for OTP along with au tomatic LED brightness adjustment
to compensate for temperature drift. This can be achieved by
simply connecting the VT pin to an external NTC component (not
shown). The current source causes a voltage to develop at the
VT pin which is sampled once every AC half cycle by the ADC. If
the voltage is between 0.5 to 2V , the controller operates normally.
For a voltage range 0.5V to 0.3V, the LED intensity is linearly
dimmed. At 0.3V the LEDs are dimmed to 10%. From 0.3V to
0.1V, the LED intensity stays at 10% and below 0.1V (VSH-TH),
the controller will trigger a fault, enter shutdown mode, and reset
all the digital logic.
Device Startup
Before startup, VIN charges up the VCC capacitor through the
internal diode between VIN and VCC (see “Logic Block Diagram”
on page 2). When the voltage at VCC rises above the startup
threshold VCCST, the control logic is enabled.
In the first four AC half cycles after startup, the BOOST pin is held
high (see Figure 2 on page 6). During these half cycles the
dimmer type is detected and the AC line period is measured.
Following this, the controller enters an intermediate state and
waits for the output voltage to ramp up. When the output voltage
is higher than the forward voltage for the LED string, the
controller enters constant current mode.
An adaptive soft start control algorithm is applied at startup,
during which the initial output pulses are small and gradually get
larger until the full pulse width is achieved. The peak curren t is
limited cycle-by-cycle by IPEAK comparator.
If at any time the V CC voltage drops below the VCCUVL threshold,
all the digital logic is reset. At this time the internal VIN switch
turns off allowing the VCC capacitor to charge for a fresh startup.
If a faster startup is required, then an external active startup
scheme can be used. Components R10, R1 1, Q3, and D5 enable
active startup as i llustrated in the “Typical Application Diagram”
on page 14. Q3 , a depleti on type MOSFET, is initially on before
startup. The VCC capacitor C8 charges a lot quicker as the
resistors R10 and R11 can be made much smaller than R3 and
R4 lowering the overall charging resistance. When VCC rises
above VCCST, the interna l control logic gets enabled pulling the
VIN node low. The gate to source voltage across Q3 becomes
negative, thus turning Q3 off. This technique substantially
reduces startup time.