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IQS211 Datasheet
Single Channel Capacitive Proximity/Touch Controller with movement detection
The IQS211 ProxSense® IC is a self-capacitance controller designed for applications where an
awake/activate on proximity/touch function is required. The IQS211 uses movement detection
for applications that require long term detection. The IQS211 operates standalone or I2C and
can be configured via OTP (One Time Programmable) bits.
Features
Pin compatible with IQS127/128/227/228
Automatic Tuning Implementation (ATI)
On-chip movement detection algorithm
Forced activation when movement detected
Minimal external components
25mm detection distance
Up to 60pF sensor load (with effective
movement detection)
Multiple One-Time-Programmable (OTP)
options
Standalone direct outputs:
o Primary output (configurable)
Default: ACTIVATION
o Secondary output (configurable)
Default: MOVEMENT
Standard I2C interface (polling)
Alternate I2C interfaces (Ready signal
integrated onto I2C clock line):
o I2C configuration at start-up with
standalone runtime operation
o I2C with wake-up
1-Wire streaming interface:
o 1-Wire & event CLK signal
Special configurations:
o Activation based on capacitive load at
power-on
Separate MOVEMENT output selection:
Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM, default),
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Latched, or
PWM only active in activation
Low power consumption: 80uA (50 Hz
response), 20uA (20 Hz response) and 4uA
(LP mode, zoom to scanning mode with
wake-up)
Low power options:
o Low power without activation
o Low power within activation
o Low power standby modes with
proximity wake-up / reset wake-up
Internal Capacitor Implementation (ICI)
Supply voltage: 1.8V to 3.6V
Low profile TSOT23-6 package
Applications
Wearable devices
Movement detection devices (fitness,
anti-theft)
White goods and
appliances
Human Interface Devices
Proximity activated backlighting
Applications with long-term activation
6 pin TSOT23-6
Representations only,
not actual markings
RoHS2
Compliant
Available Packages
TA
TSOT23-6
-40°C to 85°C
IQS211
ProxSense® Series
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1 Packaging and Pin-Out
The IQS211 is available in a TSOT23-6 package.
Figure 1.1 IQS211 pin-out (TSOT23-6 package)
Table 1.1 Pin-out description
IQS211 in TSOT23-6
Pin
Name
Type
Function
1
PRIMARY I/O
Digital Input/Output
Multifunction IO1 / SCL (I2C Clock signal) /
1WIRE (data streaming)
2
VSS
Signal GND
3
SECONDARY I/O
Digital Input/Output
Multifunction IO2 / SDA (I2C Data output)
4
VREG
Regulator output
Requires external capacitor
5
VDDHI
Supply Input
Supply:1.8V – 3.6V
6
Cx
Sense electrode
Connect to conductive area intended for
sensor
Figure 1.2 IQS211 reference schematic
Figure 1.2 shows the following:
Schematic for default power mode, see guide for capacitor selection in low power
modes below:
Sleep time
8ms (default) - 32ms
64ms
128ms
256ms
Capacitor
recommendation
C1 = 1µF
C3 = 1µF
C1 = 1µF
C3 = 2.2µF
C1 = 2.2µF
C3 = 4.7µF
C1 = 4.7µF
C3 = 10µF
C5 = 10pF load. This can be changed for slight variations in sensitivity. The
recommended value is 1pF to 60pF, depending on the capacitance of the rest of the
layout.
R1 = 470Ω 0603 for added ESD protection
IQS
211
IO1 / SCL / 1WIRE
VSS
IO2 / SDA
Cx
VDDHI
VREG
1
2
3
6
5
4
GND
C1
1uF
GND
C2
100pF
C4
100pF
C3
1uF
GND
VDDHI
GND
VREG
CX
R1
470R
IO1/SCL/DATA
IO2/SDA/EVENT
VDDHI
DS0
DS1
IO2/SDA/EVENT
IO1/SCL/DATA
GREEN
BLUE
IO2/SDA/EVENT
3
IO1/SCL/1WIRE
1
VREG
4
CX
6
GND
2
VDDHI
5
U1
IQS211
C5
10pF
GND
R4
470R
R5
470R
VDDHI
R7
4k7
VDDHI
R6
4k7
IO1/SCL/DATA
IO2/SDA/EVENT
R2
40R
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R2: Place a 40Ω resistor in the VDDHI supply line to prevent a potential ESD induced
latch-up. Maximum supply current should be limited to 80mA on the IQS211 VDDHI pin
to prevent latch-up.
2 Configuration Options summary
The IQS211 offers various user selectable options. These options may be selected via I2C
setup or one-time programmable (OTP) configuration. OTP settings may be ordered pre-
programmed for bulk orders or in-circuit programming techniques may be implemented during
the product testing phase. I2C setup allows access to all device settings while entering direct
output mode as soon as selected by the MCU.
Azoteq offers a Configuration Tool (CT210 or later) and associated software that can be used
to program the OTP user options for prototyping purposes. For further information regarding
this subject, please contact your local distributor or submit enquiries to Azoteq at:
ProxSenseSupport@azoteq.com
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OTP bank 0 IQS211 000000xx TSR (ordering code)
Bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Bit 0
Base Value / Sensitivity
multiplier
SLEEP scan time
IDLE scan time
ACTIVATION scan time
00 – 150 counts / 0
01 – 100 / 1
10 – 200 / 2
11 – 250 / 3
00 = off (refer to IDLE scan
time)
01 = 64ms
10 = 128ms
11 = 256ms
00 = 8ms
01 = 32ms
10 = 64ms
11 = 256ms
00 = 8ms
01 = 32ms
10 = 64ms
11 = 256ms
OTP Bank 1 IQS211 0000xx00 TSR
Bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Bit 0
Touch late
release
(50%)
Proximity threshold (delta
counts from LTA)
Touch threshold
Movement threshold
0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
00 = 4 counts (6 counts when
“SLEEP scan time” enabled)
01 = 2 (4)
10 = 8 (10)
11 = 16 (18)
Ratio with LTA
000 – 6/256
001 – 2/256
010 – 16/256
011 – 32/256
100 – 48/256
101 – 64/256
110 – 80/256
111 – 96/256
Counts (LTA =
768):
000 = 18
001 = 3
010 = 6
011 = 9
100 = 12
101 = 45
110 = 180
111 = 270
Counts (LTA =
1200):
000 = 28
001 = 4
010 = 9
011 = 14
100 = 18
101 = 70
110 = 281
111 = 421
00 – 3 counts
01 – 6
10 – 15
11 – 25
OTP Bank 2 IQS211 00xx0000 TSR
Bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Bit 0
Reseed after no movement time
Movement output type
Output / User interface selection
000 - 2s
001 - 5s
010 - 20s
011 - 1min
100 - 2min
101 - 10min
110 - 60min
111 - always halt
00 -Normal (PFM)
01 - PWM
10 - Latched
11 - PFM combined with
activation output
000 -Activation(IO1) & Movement(IO2)
001 -Movement Latch(IO1) and Movement (IO2)
010 - Movement(IO1) & Input(IO2)
011 - Touch (IO1), Prox (IO2)
100 - 1Wire (IO1) & Clk (IO2) (only on events)
101 - I2C (polling) no wakeup
110 - I2C with reset indication+RDY toggle on SCL
111 - I2C (polling) + Wakeup + RDY toggle on SCL
OTP Bank 3 IQS211 0x000000 TSR
Bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Bit 0
System Use
Reserved
AC Filter
Multifunction
Bit (applies
only to
certain UIs)
Activation
output with
input reseed
& reset (halt
charge)
feature
0 – Normal
1 – Increased
See
description
below*
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
OTP Bank 4 IQS211 x0000000 TSR
Bit7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Bit 0
System Use
Partial ATI
ATI target
Auto
Activation at
power-up**
0 – Disabled
1 – Enabled
0 = 768
1 = 1200
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
* Multifunction Bit: (Bank3: bit 1)
User interface selection: “000” Activation & Movement UI:
0 = Normal Activation
1 = Activation with counts on PWM
User interface selection: “010” Movement & Input UI:
0 = Halt charge / reseed
1 = Reduce sensitivity (increase filter, increase touch threshold 10 counts, increase halt with 4 counts)
**Auto Activation at power-up when P>7 (absolute capacitance detection method, partial ATI must be enabled, select sensitivity with
the “Sensitivity Multiplier” bank 0 bit 7:6)
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3 Overview
3.1 Device characteristics
The IQS211 is a device tailored for long-
term proximity or touch activations. It
mainly offers two digital output pins, one
with an activation threshold for large
capacitive shifts and the other with a
threshold for small movements even during
a normal activation. There are also a few
options to combine these two digital outputs
where the application only allows for 1
output pin. These two outputs may be read
via the IC pins in standalone mode or used
for communications via I2C or 1-Wire
streaming mode.
Various configurations are available via
one-time programmable (OTP) options. I2C
mode also has access to all these settings.
The movement output may be chosen to
have a specific characteristic. This may be
PFM (movement intensity via pulse count
per time window), PWM, latched output or
PWM combined with the normal threshold
activation.
3.1.1 Normal threshold operation
With a normal activation (hand brought
close) the output will become active. The
output will de-activate as soon as the action
is reversed (hand taken away). In addition a
separate movement output will become
active when movement is detected
according to a movement threshold.
Movement may be detected before the
IO2
(Movement)
IO1
(Activation)
Threshold
LTA (LONG TERM AVERAGE)
INC Capacitance (Counts) DEC
Timer Reset
(Internal)
Cross threshold
before time-out
Time
Figure 3.2 Plot of IQS211 streaming data along with the digital response
Power On /
Reset
Cross
Threshold?
Capacitance INC
OR Movement
Detected?
Activation True
IO1 pin
ACTIVATED
Movement
Detected?
Activation False
IO1 pin1
DEACTIVATED
Auto-calibrate Timer CountdownTimer depleted
Cross Threshold?
Capacitance DEC
Reset Timer
Default 3 min
MOV_OUT pin PULSE
no
yes
no
no
yes
no
yes
yes
Figure 3.1 Flow diagram of the typical IQS211 movement based user interface
ProxSense® Series
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normal threshold is crossed. Movement
detection is done via a completely separate
digital filter while improving the efficiency of
the sensor output (timer reset on
movement).
In a normal activation the output will stay
active for as long as movements are
detected. A time-out timer (configurable
time) will be reset with each movement.
3.1.2 Output forced by movement
There is the option to force the output
active for each movement detected. The
output will be cleared as soon as there is
no movement for the selected timer period.
3.1.3 Long term recovery
When changing the sensor capacitive
environment, the sensor will adapt to the
new environment. If the new environment
decreases capacitance (wooden table to
air), the sensor will rapidly adapt in order to
accept new human activations. If the new
environment increases capacitance (like air
to steel table), the sensor will remain in
activation until a time-out occurs (as seen
in Figure 1.3) or until the device is returned
to its previous environment.
When the timer runs out, the output will be
de-activated. Re-calibration is possible after
de-activation because the timer will only
time-out with no movement around the
sensor.
Threshold
No movement time-out
(default 2 sec)
Performs recalibration routine
LTA (LONG TERM AVERAGE)
INC Capacitance (Counts) DEC
IO2
(Movement)
IO1
(Activation)
Timer Reset
(Internal)
Figure 3.3 Example of a time-out event with re-calibration
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3.1.4 Choosing a user interface
The user interface can be defined via OTP
options or via an I2C register
ACTIVATION & MOVEMENT UI
Figure 3.4 ACTIVATION & MOVEMENT UI state
diagram
Figure 3.5 Toy car example of default UI
1. Lights off
2. Touch roof, lights on
3. No touch on roof, lights off
4. While in use (movement), lights on
5. Roof on ground = touch
6. No movement causes time-out, lights
off
MOVEMENT LATCH & MOVEMENT UI
Figure 3.6 MOVEMENT LATCH UI state
diagram
Figure 3.7 Remote control example of
movement latch UI application
1. Remote backlight/LCD off
2. Hand close to remote = LCD on
3. Hand away, then LCD remains on
4. LCD off after no movement time-out
5. If remote in hand, but LCD off, then any
small movement turns on LCD.
6. While in hand and movement, LCD
remains on.
NO ACTIVATION
ACTIVATION
NO ACTIVATION
ACTIVATION
Proximity detect
No movement
for x-seconds
(recalibrate) No
proximity
detect Movement detect
No movement
for x-seconds
(recalibrate)
NO ACTIVATION
ACTIVATION
NO ACTIVATION
ACTIVATION
Proximity detect
No movement
for x-seconds
(recalibrate) No
proximity
detect Movement detect
No movement
for x-seconds
(recalibrate)
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MOVEMENT & INPUT UI
Figure 3.8 Device charging example of input UI
Device is operating on battery with
designed sensitivity
Device is plugged-in for charging
Device ground reference changes and
sensitivity increases
Input is given to reduce sensitivity
PROX & TOUCH UI
Figure 3.9 Proximity and touch state diagram
Figure 3.10 Proximity and touch UI example
Proximity to the device activates proximity
output
Touching the device activates the touch
output (proximity remains triggered)
Movement features are integrated and
function the same as in the default
“ACTIVATION & MOVEMENT” user
interface
3.1.5 Integrated features
The device includes an internal voltage
regulator and reference capacitor (Cs).
Various advanced signal processing
techniques are combined for creating a
robust solution.
These techniques include:
Movement detection filter (to release an
activation in the case of inactivity)
Advanced noise filtering on incoming
sample stream
Superior methods of parasitic
capacitance compensation while
preserving sensitivity
Unique option for capacitive load
dependant activation on power-on
3.1.6 Communications protocols
The IQS211 offers a wide range of data
streaming modes each with a specific
purpose.
Standard 2-wire I2C polling is offered to
access the entire range of settings and data
offered by the IQS211.
Another I2C option allows the device to be
configured via I2C then jump to any of the
other modes when the communication
window is closed. This option is offered to
give full control over selecting settings while
simplifying the main-loop code by only
responding to direct digital outputs. The
digital output pair will contain signature
pulses to indicate power-on reset or an
unexpected reset occurrence. I2C
configuration should be re-initiated in the
event of an IQS211 reset.
A 1-wire data streaming interface is offered
for access to a variety of data over a single
line. The 1-wire implementation may be
enhanced (by using the IO2 pin) by only
reading data when the IO2 clock pin
toggles. The clock pin will only toggle when
an event is active and produce a clock
signal during this active period.
Input =
Reduce
Sensitivity
Normal
Sensitivity
Increase Sensitivity
Normal
Capacitive
sensing pad
Detection
field
NO ACTIVATION
PROXIMITY ACTIVATION
TOUCH ACTIVATION
Proximity
Proximity
release
No movement
for x-seconds
(recalibrate)
Touch
Touch
release No movement
for x-seconds
(recalibrate)
Proximity
area
Touch
area
Capacitive
sensing pad
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3.1.7 Automatic Calibration
Proven Automatic Tuning Implementation
(ATI) algorithms are used to calibrate the
device to the sense electrode. This
algorithm is optimised for applications
where a fixed detection distance (in mid-air)
is required for failure safe detection.
3.1.8 Capacitive sensing method
The charge transfer method of capacitive
sensing is employed on the IQS211. (The
charge transfer principle is thoroughly
described in the application note: “AZD004
- Azoteq Capacitive Sensing”.)
3.2 Operation
3.2.1 Device Setup
The device may be purchased pre-
configured (large orders or popular
configurations), programmed in-circuit
during production or simply setup via I2C.
3.2.2 Movement filter response
The movement filter runs continually and
the dedicated digital output will activate in
PFM (pulse frequency modulation), PWM
or latched mode.
3.2.3 External control
With certain user interfaces, the
“multifunction IO2” (optional line to connect
to master device) can be used to signal:
a “halt (sleep mode) and reseed” or
“reduce sensitivity” in MOV&INPUT
mode.
a “halt (sleep mode) and reseed” in
ACT&MOV mode. When enabled, the
ACT output reads the input periodically.
RESEED
A short pulse (t > 15ms, t < 25ms) will
force the reference counts (long-term
average) to match the actual counts
(capacitance of sensor). The short pulse
for a reseed operation also applies to the
user configurable input option: “Reduce
sensitivity”.
HALT CHARGE (& RESET)
By writing the pin low for a longer time (t >
50ms), will force the IC into “halt charge”
for low current consumption. It is important
to consider current through the pull-up
resistor when in sleep mode.
The IC will perform a soft reset as soon as
the pin is released after 50ms or more.
With a soft reset the IC will remember the
activation state when going into the “halt
charge” mode. The state will be recalled at
the reset operation and cleared along with
the calibration.
In order to achieve a “halt charge” state
with minimal power consumption it is
recommended to configure the MCU
output as push-pull for the input pin and
perform the “halt charge”. With the
“movement latch” function defined, do the
operation twice to clear a possible
activation at the time of calling a “halt
charge”.
REDUCE SENSITIVITY
With a configurable bit the system
sensitivity may be changed. The input may
be used to reduce sensitivity in the
following way:
AC filter doubles in strength
Proximity threshold (filter halt) is
increased by 4 counts
Activation threshold is increased by
10 counts
Movement sensitivity threshold is
not changed
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3.2.4 Low power options
Various low-power configurations are offered in order to achieve the required current
consumption during activated and non-activated conditions.
These low power configurations make the power consumption and product response highly
configurable during various events.
Figure 3.11 Low power mode description from outside (no interaction), to inside (full interaction)
3.3 Applicability
All specifications, except where specifically mentioned otherwise, provided by this datasheet
are applicable to the following ranges:
Temperature:-40C to +85C
Supply voltage (VDDHI): 1.8V to 3.6V
Scan time
Sample time
Response (standalone) /
Communication (I2C or 1-wire) Sleep time
Figure 3.12 Sample-, scan-, sleep- and communication time diagram
Sleep time:
Off (IDLE) / 64 / 128 / 256ms
8 / 32 / 64 / 256ms
8 / 32 / 64 /
256ms
in ACTIVATION
in filter halt
(proximity event)
no filter halt
SLEEP
IDLE
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4 Details on user configurable options
4.1.1 Bank 0: Sensitivity and scan time adjustments
Bank0: bit 7:6
Base Value (Sensitivity Multiplier in Partial ATI mode)
Changing the base value enables the designer to adjust sensitivity. Lower base values will
increase sensitivity and are recommended for systems with a high SNR ratio. Higher base
values will prevent noise from being amplified, but will result in less sensitivity.
With Bank4: bit 2 set (partial ATI), the area of operation may be fixed to a certain extent. This
is ideal for stationary applications where a specific type of trigger is expected.
With Bank4: bit 0 set (auto-activation P>7), partial ATI must be enabled to ensure the desired
results. With the “Sensitivity Multiplier” fixed, the P value will indicate whether a certain
threshold has been crossed at power-up.
Bank0: bit 5:4
SLEEP scan time
Select a SLEEP scan time to save power while a device is not in use. A proximity event will
wake the IQS211 from sleep mode and enter the IDLE mode.
Bank0: bit 3:2
IDLE scan time (proximity/halt scan time)
Select an IDLE scan time to change the reaction time and power consumption while in the
proximity state before entering either the activation state or “no proximity” state.
Bank0: bit 1:0
ACTIVATION scan time
Select an ACTIVATION scan time to change the reaction time and power consumption within
activation. This flexibility was added specifically for body-worn devices with long-term
activations. The reaction time may therefore be tailored for ideal response while being in a low
power state.
4.1.2 Bank 1: Threshold adjustments
Bank1: bit 7
Touch late release (50% of touch threshold)
This option will enable a user interface where activation would occur as usual, but the
deactivation will occur at a relaxed threshold. It will therefore counter unwanted false releases.
This option is ideal for handheld devices that will active with a typical “grab” action, but will not
release when the grip on the device is relaxed.
Figure 4.1 State diagram of touch late release interface
NO ACTIVATION ACTIVATION
RELAXED THRESHOLD ACTIVATION
DEEP THRESHOLD
No movement
for x-seconds
(recalibrate)
Proximity
release
(Threshold 2)
Touch detect
Touch release
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Bank1: bit 6:5
Proximity threshold (delta counts from LTA)
The proximity threshold may be chosen to halt the filters that allow for temperature drift and
other environmental effects. Choose a low value in order to increase the trigger distance for
slow proximity activations. Choose a high value if the device and/or sensing electrode overlay
is in a highly variable temperature environment. A high value is also recommended for touch
button implementations with the IQS211. This threshold will not trigger any of the output
signals in most of the user interface options. The result of this threshold becomes an output in
the “Proximity and touch” user interface option, where movement is only operating in the
background.
Bank1: bit 4:2
Touch threshold (delta percentage from LTA)
The touch threshold is the highly variable threshold that will determine the triggering of the
activation output. This threshold may be chosen for various proximity trigger distances (low
values 1 to 15) including a few settings that allow for the implementation of a touch button
(high values 15 to 90)
Bank1: bit 1:0
Movement threshold (delta counts from movement average)
The movement threshold is chosen according to the dynamic response longed for, but also
according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Battery powered applications generally
deliver much higher SNR values, allowing for lower movement thresholds.
4.1.3 Bank 2: Timer, output type and user interface adjustment
Bank2: bit 7:5
Reseed after no movement timer
Depending on the user interface chosen, the activation output will clear when no movement is
detected for the period selected here. This feature enables long-term detection in interactive
applications while eliminating the risk of a device becoming stuck when placed on an
inanimate object.
Bank2: bit 4:3
Movement output type
The movement output is a secondary output (normally IO2 pin) that may be used as the main
output or supporting output. This output may be altered to suit the requirements of various
applications. When user interface of “IO1: Movement; IO2: Input” is selected this output will be
at the IO1 pin.
‘00’ – The default pulse frequency modulated (PFM) signal indicates intensity of movement by
the density of pulses. This is a relatively slow output that may trigger occasional interrupts on
the master side. See Figure 3.2. Most intense detectable movements are indicated by active
low pulses with 10ms width (20ms period). Saturated movement intensity is indicated by a
constant low.
‘01’ – The pulse width modulation (PWM) option is ideal for driving analogue loads. This signal
runs at 1 kHz and the duty cycle is adapted according to the movement intensity.
‘10’ – The movement latched option triggers the output as soon as any movement is detected.
The output only clears when no movement is sensed for the time defined in Bank2: bit 7:5.
‘11’ – The same PFM-type output as in the ‘00’ setting, but here the output will only become
active once the activation threshold is reached.
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‘00’ – PFM (pulse frequency modulation)
’01’ – PWM
‘10’ – Latched (forces output for duration of timer)
‘11’ – PWM (only active during activation)
Figure 4.2 Movement (PFM) and activation output
IO2
IO1
IO2 (PFM UI)
IO1 (PFM UI)
IO2 (PWM UI)
IO1 (PWM UI)
Figure 4.3 PFM movement output (TOP: 15ms period minimum) compared with PWM movement
output (BOTTOM: 1ms period)
IO2 (PFM UI)
IO1 (PFM UI)
IO2 (LATCHED
UI)
IO1 (LATCHED
UI)
IO2 latches until time-out
after last movement
Figure 4.4 PFM movement output (TOP) compared with latched movement output (BOTTOM).
Movement output is forced by first movement
PFM
vs
PWM
PFM
PFM
vs
Latched
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4.1.4 Bank 3: Miscellaneous1 – Reserved ALS, sample filter, input control and
output PWM
Bank3: bit 2
AC filter increase
With the AC filter increase enabled, the reaction time slows with more rapid changes being
filtered out. This option is ideal for a system connected to a power supply with increased noise
Bank3: bit 1
Multifunction Bit (applies only to certain UIs)
Output definition: “000” Activation & Movement UI:
The IO1 pin normally only triggering with crossing of the threshold can be configured to output
the depth of activation in PWM data. This is ideal for interpreting the specific activation level
with a master, or for simply indicating the activation level on an analogue load.
Please note that when enabling this option, the PWM option on the IO2 pin will be disabled
(Bank2: bit 4:3 option ‘01’ will be the same as ‘00’)
Input definition: “010” Movement & Input UI:
By selecting the UI with the IO2 pin defined as an input, this configuration bit will enable the
choice of input between the following
‘0’ – The halt charge & reseed option as defined above or
‘1’ – Reduce movement sensitivity for applications that may switch between battery usage and
more noisy power supplies for charging and back-up power.
Bank3: bit 0
Activation output with input reseed & reset (halt charge) feature
Extended IO1 definition: “000” Activation & Movement UI / “001” Movement latch output (forced) &
Movement UI
With digital outputs enabled the IO1 pin has the option of being an input to “halt charge” /
“reseed”. A short pulse (t > 15ms, t < 25ms) will initiate a reseed action (LTA = counts – 8) and
a longer pulse (t > 50ms) will enable a lower power mode without sensing. The IQS211 will
reset after the longer pulse is released (after a “halt charge” the IC will reset).
4.1.5 Bank 4: Miscellaneous2 – Partial ATI, ATI target and power-on detection
Bank4: bit 2
Partial ATI
Partial ATI may be selected to limit the automatic tuning range of the sensor. This may give more
predictable results, especially when the sensor tends to calibrate close to the edges by
automatically choosing a certain sensitivity multiplier value. Set this bit and select a specific
sensitivity multiplier value in Base Value (Sensitivity Multiplier in Partial ATI mode). A lower
sensitivity multiplier value is recommended for light capacitive loads, while higher values for large
capacitive loads.
Set this bit if the auto-activation at power-up bit is set (Bank4: bit 0). By setting this bit, the auto
activation “threshold” is chosen by selecting a sensitivity multiplier value Base Value (Sensitivity
Multiplier in Partial ATI mode). A lower sensitivity multiplier value will result in a sensitive
threshold, while higher values will give a less sensitive threshold.
Bank4: bit 1
ATI target
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The default target of 768 ensures good performance in various environments. Set this bit when
increased activation distance and movement sensitivity is required. The target of 1200 is only
recommended for battery powered devices where low SNR ratios are expected.
Movement features are most pronounced and effective when using a high target.
Bank4: bit 0
Auto Activation at power-up when P>7 (absolute capacitance detection
method, partial ATI must be enabled, select sensitivity with the “Sensitivity
Multiplier”)
With (Bank4: bit 2) set this option allows for absolute capacitance detection at power-up. Use this
in devices that require a threshold decision at power-up without the calibration step. Select a
“threshold” by adjusting the sensitivity multiplier value in Base Value (Sensitivity Multiplier in
Partial ATI mode). A lower sensitivity multiplier value will result in a sensitive “threshold”, while
higher values will give a less sensitive “threshold”.
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5 I2C operation
The IQS211 may be configured as an I2C device through the user interface selection in
Bank2: bits 2:0:
Bank2: bits 2:0
Description
101
Normal polling for use on I2C bus
110
I2C polling with signature pulses at power-up / reset. The clock also has a
RDY pulse incorporated before each possible communications window.
111
The clock also has a RDY pulse incorporated before each possible
communications window. The IC will wake-up on I2C bus pin changes.
5.1 Normal I2C polling (101)
The IQS211 prioritizes doing capacitive conversions. With standard polling the IQS211 will do
a conversion and thereafter open the window of maximum 20ms for I2C communications. If
the microprocessor sends the correct address in this window, the IQS211 will respond with an
ACK. When communications are successful, the window will close and conversions will
continue. For optimal sensing, the polling should be repeated often in order to keep the
communications window time small.
Use normal polling when placing the IQS211 on a bus with other devices.
Figure 5.1 I2C polling examples: typical often repeated polling request with NACK (left) along with
the successful request with ACK (right)
5.2 I2C polling with reset indication & RDY (110)
This mode is based on I2C, but not I2C compatible. This mode is aimed at solutions that need
the flexibility of the register settings but require standalone operation during run-time. The data
and clock lines toggle at power-on or reset to indicate that the device requires setup. After
changing the settings and more particularly the user interface option, the device will start
operating in the required mode.
In this mode the IQS211 is not able to share a bus with other devices. Normal polling may be
used, but the master may also monitor the I2C clock line as an indication from the IQS211 that
the communications window is open. The clock line therefore serves as a ready line.
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Figure 5.2 How to use RDY signal on clock line
Communications may be initiated at any time from clock low-to-high transition plus 40us until
20ms thereafter, when the communications window closes. Polling should be done within this
time window in order to communicate with the device. If now communications are done the
window will time out. If communications are completed with a stop command, the window will
close and sampling will continue after a sleep period.
*Erata: After changing register 0xC7 (memory map) in this mode, it is required to read
any other register in order to activate the chosen user interface (such as a standalone
mode) before sending a stop command.
5.3 I2C polling with RDY on clock and wake-up on pin change (111)
This I2C mode is aimed at applications that require the flexibility of I2C settings, but requires
wake-up functionality from the master side. A ready indication is also given on the clock line to
enable the master to efficiently handle the available communications window.
The wake-up on pin change prevents this configuration from being used along with other
devices on the bus.
Scan time
Sample time
Processing
VDDHI
CLK
0V
Delay before
communication
window 40us
Communication
timeout 20ms
Increased Scan time
No communication initiated time
(not to scale)
Successful communications
(initiated by master)
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5.4 I2C registers
Table 5.1 I2C communications layout
I2C Communications Layout
Address/
Command/
Byte
Register name/s
R/W
Default
Value
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
00H
PRODUCT_NUM
R
01H
VERSION_NUM
R
10H
SYSFLAGS0
R/W
Movement
Movement
Constant
PROX
TOUCH
Show Reset
ATI Busy
Filter Halt
LP Active
41H
Movement Value
R
42H
CS_H
R
43H
CS_L
R
83H
LTA_H
R
84H
LTA_L
R
90H
Touch Threshold_H
91H
Touch Threshold_L
C4H
MULTIPLIERS
R/W
n/a
n/a
n1
n0
p3
p2
p1
p 0
C5H
COMPENSATION
R/W
0-255
C6H
PROX_SETTINGS0
R/W
Base Value/ SensMult for
Partial:
00 – 150/0
01 – 100/1
10 – 200/2
11 – 250/3
Reseed
Redo
ATI
Active Scan Time
000 – 8ms (normal)
001 - +32ms Sleep
010 - +64ms Sleep
011 - +256ms Sleep
Idle Scan time
000 – 8ms (normal)
001 - +32ms Sleep
010 - +64ms Sleep
011 - +256ms Sleep
C7H
PROX_SETTINGS1
R/W
0 – Auto
reseed is in
seconds
1 – Auto
reseed is in
minutes
If UI type 011:
0- Halt
charge/Reseed
1- Reduce
sensitivity
If UI type 000:
0- Normal
1- PWM touch
out
Halt
Charge/Reseed
on IO1, with
IO1 set as
output
00 –Normal (PFM)
01 – PWM
10 – Constant
Movement , clears upon
no movement timeout
11 – PFM combined with
activation output
000 –Activation(IO1) & Movement(IO2)
001 –Movement Latch(IO1) and
Movement (IO2)
010 – Movement(IO1) & Input(IO2)
011 – Touch (IO1), Prox (IO2)
100 – 1Wire (IO1) & Clk (IO2) (only on
events)
101 – I2C (polling) no wakeup
110 - I2C with reset indication +RDY
toggle on SCL
111 – I2C (polling) + Wakeup + RDY
toggle on SCL
C8H
PROX_SETTINGS2
R/W
0 – Prox
Timeout of
2s
1 – Prox
timeout of
20s
n/a
AUTO
Activation on
start up
n/a
Touch Late
Release
(50%)
Partial ATI
enabled
Auto ATI
off
Increase
AC filters,
increase
touch
threshold
with
10counts,
halt with
4
C9H
ATI_TARGET
R/W
x * 8 = ATI target
CAH
LP_PERIOD
R/W
x * 16ms = sleep time
CBH
PROX_THRESHOLD
R/W
CCH
TOUCH_THRESHOLD
R/W
CDH
MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD
R/W
CEH
AUTO_RESEED_LIMIT
R/W
in Seconds or Minutes, based on PROX_SETTINGS1 bit 7.
00H Product number
The product number is 0x3D
01H Version number
The firmware version number is 0x00
10H SYSFLAGS0
Bit7: Movement – this bit is set with each movement event and reset once the system does
not detect movement
Bit6: Movement Latch – this bit is set only when a movement latch option is enabled and a
movement is detected. The bit is cleared only when a no-movement time-out occurs. A soft
reset operation does not clear this bit.
Bit5: PROX – the prox bit is the same as the LTA filter halt for “freezing” the reference counts.
This bit is set and reset based on the proximity/filter halt threshold and is always active
independent of the user interface.
Bit4: TOUCH – the touch bit is the main activation output of the system. Any user interface
that includes an activation event is based on this bit.
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Bit3: Show reset – This bit is written at each hard reset event. Manually clear this bit and
monitor for detecting hardware reset events.
Bit2: ATI busy – The ATI busy indicates a period where the operating point of the device is
being determined (calibration). Reading count values and status values may be inaccurate in
this time.
Bit1: Filter Halt – The filter halt and PROX bit are very similar. Usually they will have the
same value. The exception is when a debounced proximity event is not detected while a
undebounced touch event is detected. In this case the filter halt will trigger, but not the PROX
bit.
Bit0: LP active – With any low power mode active in register “CAH”, this bit is set. Low power
modes available in register “C6H” do not affect this bit. This bit is set when no interaction leads
to a low power state with no proximity or touch events.
41H Movement Value
The 8-bit movement value is an average of movement pulses over a time period. The value
indicates intensity of movement over a short period.
42H & 43H Counts (Immediate filtered capacitance)
The counts are directly proportional to capacitance and the system is calibrated to make the
counts as sensitive as possible to changes in capacitance for relative measurements
83H & 84H Long term average (LTA)
The LTA is used as reference to compare with counts. The LTA will follow slow environmental
changes with temperature, but will freeze once an event is triggered, calling a LTA “filter halt”.
90H & 91H Touch Threshold value
The touch threshold value here is calculated from the chosen value in register “CCH”. The
value will indicate at which value the counts will trigger a touch event.
C4H MULTIPLIERS
The multipliers register is a combination of the sensitivity multiplier and compensation
multiplier values. These values are determined by the calibration routine and give an indication
of the capacitive load on the system.
C5H COMPENSATION
The COMPENSATION is also part of the calibration routine and offers gain to the system.
C6H PROX_SETTINGS0
Bit 7-6: Base value – as described in this here: Base Value (Sensitivity Multiplier in Partial ATI
mode).
Bit 5: Reseed – The reseed command will equal the LTA to the counts. When the LTA is
inside the boundary set for the chosen target, the reseed will not cause a re-calibration. When
the LTA is out of this boundary, an automatic re-calibration will be done.
Bit 4: Redo-ATI – The redo-ATI command will force a recalibration. The bit is automatically
cleared after the operation.
Bit 3-2: ACTIVE scan time – as described in this here: ACTIVATION scan time
Bit 1-0: IDLE scan time – as described here: IDLE scan time (proximity/halt scan time)
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C7H PROX_SETTINGS1
Bit 7: Auto reseed time guide – Auto-reseed time guide selection of the value set in register
“CEH”. With this bit set the value of “CEH” will be in minutes and with this bit cleared, it will be
in seconds.
Bit 6: Multifunction Bit (applies only to certain UIs)
Bit 5: Activation output with input reseed & reset (halt charge) feature
Bit 4-3: Movement output type
Bit 2-0: Error! Reference source not found.
C8H PROX_SETTINGS2
Bit 7: PROX/Filter halt time-out definition – With this bit cleared the filter halt is only kept for
2 seconds when no movement is detected during this period. With this bit set the filter halt
condition remains for 20seconds when no movement is detected. A movement event will reset
this timer. This option is only available in I2C mode.
Bit 5: Auto Activation at power-up when P>7 (absolute capacitance detection method, partial ATI
must be enabled, select sensitivity with the “Sensitivity Multiplier”)
Bit 3: Touch late release (50% of touch threshold)
Bit 2: Partial ATI
Bit 1: Auto-ATI off – With this bit set, the ATI algorithm will only execute with a “Redo-ATI”
command. A no-movement time-out will execute a simple “reseed” command without the
possibility of a recalibration occurring.
Bit 0: AC filter increase
C9H ATI_TARGET
Calibration routines will attempt to get the counts as close as possible to this target count.
Although it is possible to reach a 2048 count target, it is recommended to aim for a maximum
target of 1600 for the effect of noise and environment on the system.
CAH LP_PERIOD
The low power period refers to the part of the scan period where no communications or
sensing is done. This period is indicated as the “sleep time” in Figure 1.12.
CBH PROX_THRESHOLD
The value chosen is a ratio applied to the target and more specifically, the actual count value
after aiming for a specific target.
The equation for deriving actual counts of the threshold below the LTA is as follows:
As example take PTH = 4 with a target of 1200 and actual counts reached = 1180:
In this case the proximity event will trigger and the LTA filter halt is activated when the counts
fall 18 counts below the LTA.
Threshold values are not dynamic and are locked at time of calibration.
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CCH TOUCH_THRESHOLD
The touch threshold value is determined in the same way as the PROX_THRESHOLD above.
When the TOUCH_TRESHOLD is ≥ 15, the touch is undebounced. Touch flags are set, but
streaming counts remain filtered, not indicating the event.
CDH MOVEMENT_THRESHOLD
The movement threshold value is determined in the same way as the PROX_THRESHOLD
above. If using the movement feature, this value should be < 25.
CEH AUTO_RESEED_LIMIT
The automatic reseed time limit may be fine-tuned from:
1 to 255 seconds with C7H bit 7 cleared (always halt with CEH = 0xFF)
1 to 255 minutes with C7H bit 7 set (always halt with CEH = 0xFF)
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6 Design Considerations
6.1 Power Supply and PCB Layout
Azoteq IC’s provide a high level of on-chip
hardware and software noise filtering and ESD
protection (refer to application note “AZD013 –
ESD Overview”). Designing PCB’s with better
noise immunity against EMI, FTB and ESD in
mind, it is always advisable to keep the critical
noise suppression components like the de-
coupling capacitors and series resistors in
Figure 1.2 as close as possible to the IC.
Always maintain a good ground connection
and ground pour underneath the IC. For more
guidelines please refer to the relevant
application notes as mentioned in the next
section.
6.2 Design Rules for Harsh EMC
Environments
Applicable application notes: AZD013,
AZD015, AZD051, and AZD052.
6.3 High Sensitivity
Through patented design and advanced signal
processing, the device is able to provide
extremely high sensitivity to detect proximity.
This enables designs to detect proximity at
distances that cannot be equaled by most
other products. When the device is used in
environments where high levels of noise or
floating metal objects exist, a reduced
proximity threshold is proposed to ensure
reliable functioning of the sensor. The high
sensitivity also allows the device to sense
through overlay materials with low dielectric
constants, such as wood or porous plastics.
For more guidelines on the layout of
capacitive sense electrodes, please refer to
application note “AZD008 – Design Guidelines
for Touch Pads”, available on the Azoteq web
page: www.azoteq.com.
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7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute maximum ratings
The following absolute maximum parameters are specified for the device:
Exceeding these maximum specifications may cause damage to the device.
Operating temperature -40°C to 85°C
Supply Voltage (VDDHI – VSS) 3.6V
Maximum pin voltage VDDHI + 0.5V (may not
exceed VDDHI max)
Maximum continuous current (for specific Pins) 10mA
Minimum pin voltage VSS – 0.5V
Minimum power-on slope 100V/s
ESD protection ±8kV (Human body model)
Package Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) 1
Table 7.1 IQS211 General Operating Conditions
DESCRIPTION
Conditions
PARAME
TER
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Supply voltage
VDDHI
1.8
3.3V
3.6
V
Internal regulator output
1.8 ≤ VDDHI≤ 3.6
VREG
1.62
1.7
1.79
V
Default Operating Current
3.3V, Scan time
= 9
IIQS211DP
77
88
μA
Low Power Example
Setting 1*
3.3V, Scan time
=32
IIQS211LP32
23
μA
Low Power Example
Setting 2*
3.3V, Scan time
=64
IIQS211LP64
9.5
μA
Low Power Example
Setting 3*
3.3V, Scan time
=128
IIQS211LP128
5.5
μA
Low Power Example
Setting 4*
3.3V, Scan time
=256
IIQS211LP256
3.5
3.9
μA
*Scan time in ms
Table 7.2 Start-up and shut-down slope Characteristics
DESCRIPTION
Conditions
PARAMETER
MIN
MAX
UNIT
Power On Reset
VDDHI Slope ≥ 100V/s
@25°C
POR
1.2
1.6
V
Brown Out Detect
VDDHI Slope ≥ 100V/s
@25°C
BOD
1.15
1.6
V
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Table 7.3 Input signal response characteristics (IO1/IO2)
DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Reseed function
15
20
25
ms
Halt charge / Reduce sensitivity function
50
n/a
n/a
ms
Table 7.4 Communications timing characteristics
DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
tRDY
-
40
-
μs
tcomms_timeout
-
20
-
ms
Table 7.5 Digital input trigger levels
DESCRIPTION
Conditions
PARAMETER
MIN
TYPICAL
MAX
UNIT
All digital inputs
VDD = 3.3V
Input low level
voltage
1.19
1.3
1.3
V
All digital inputs
VDD = 1.8V
Input low level
voltage
0.54
0.6
0.76
V
All digital inputs
VDD = 1.8V
Input high level
voltage
0.9
1.0
1.2
V
All digital inputs
VDD = 3.3V
Input high level
voltage
1.90
2.1
2.20
V
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8 Package information
8.1 TSOT23-6
D
A
C
E
F
GH
I
B
J
Figure 8.1 TSOT23-6 Packaging
i
Table 8.1 TSOT23-6 Dimensions
Dimension
Min (mm)
Max (mm)
A
2.60
3.00
B
1.50
1.70
C
2.80
3.00
D
0.30
0.50
E
0.95 Basic
F
0.84
1.00
G
0.00
0.10
H
0.30
0.50
I
0°
8°
J
0.03
0.20
i
Drawing not on Scale
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8.2 Device packaging convention
8.2.1 Top
211 xx
IC NAME
BATCH
CODE
IC name
211
Batch
xx
8.2.2 Bottom
No bottom marking present
8.3 MSL Level
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) relates to the packaging and handling precautions for some
semiconductors. The MSL is an electronic standard for the time period in which a moisture
sensitive device can be exposed to ambient room conditions (approximately 30°C/85%RH see
J-STD033C for more info) before reflow occur.
Package
Level (duration)
TSOT23-6
MSL 1 (Unlimited at ≤30 °C/85% RH)
Reflow profile peak temperature < 260 °C for < 30 seconds
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9 Ordering and Part-number Information
9.1 Ordering Information
Please check stock availability with your local distributor.
CONFIGURATION zzz zzz zz = IC configuration (hexadecimal)
Default 000 000 00 (other configurations
available on request)
PACKAGE TYPE TS = TSOT23-6 package
BULK PACKAGING R = Reel (3000pcs/reel) – MOQ = 3000pcs
MOQ = 1 reel (orders shipped as full reels)
9.2 Device Numbering Convention
REVISION x = IC Revision Number
TEMPERATURE RANGE t = -40°C to 85°C (Industrial)
DATE CODE P = Internal use
WWYY = Batch number
Figure 9.1 TSOT23-6 Tape Specification
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10 Revision History
Revision Number
Description
Date of issue
V0.1
Draft revision
17 December 2013
V0.3
Parameters updated, I2C information added
30 January 2014
V0.4
OTP options updated, pin descriptions
updated
18 June 2014
V0.5
Scan times updated throughout document
1 August 2014
V0.6
I2C memory map updated
4 September 2014
V1.0
Low power scan times corrected throughout
Input signal characteristics detail added
User interface descriptions added
I2C Memory map descriptions added
25 November 2014
V1.1
Minor update:
Auto reseed limit – 0xFF is always halt
Using COMPENSATION and MULTIPLIER
terms
23 January 2015
V1.2
Contact and patent information updated on
last page.
Communications specification updated for
user interface with interrupt on clock line
10 April 2015
V1.3
Device package top marking detail added
13 November 2015
V1.4
OTP summary sheet updated
Schematic updated to include latch-up
prevention resistor
5 October 2016
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Appendix A Contact Information
USA
Asia
South Africa
Physical
Address
6507 Jester Blvd
Bldg 5, suite 510G
Austin
TX 78750
USA
Rm2125, Glittery City
Shennan Rd
Futian District
Shenzhen, 518033
China
109 Main Street
Paarl
7646
South Africa
Postal
Address
6507 Jester Blvd
Bldg 5, suite 510G
Austin
TX 78750
USA
Rm2125, Glittery City
Shennan Rd
Futian District
Shenzhen, 518033
China
PO Box 3534
Paarl
7620
South Africa
Tel
+1 512 538 1995
+86 755 8303 5294
ext 808
+27 21 863 0033
Fax
+1 512 672 8442
+27 21 863 1512
Email
kobusm@azoteq.com
linayu@azoteq.com.cn
info@azoteq.com
Please visit www.azoteq.com for a list of distributors and worldwide representation.
The following patents relate to the device or usage of the device: US 6,249,089 B1; US 6,621,225 B2; US 6,650,066 B2;
US 6,952,084 B2; US 6,984,900 B1; US 7,084,526 B2; US 7,084,531 B2; US 7,265,494 B2; US 7,291,940 B2; US 7,329,970 B2;
US 7,336,037 B2; US 7,443,101 B2; US 7,466,040 B2 ; US 7,498,749 B2; US 7,528,508 B2; US 7,755,219 B2; US 7,772,781
B2; US 7,781,980 B2; US 7,915,765 B2; US 7,994,726 B2; US 8,035,623 B2; US RE43,606 E; US 8,288,952 B2; US 8,395,395
B2; US 8,531,120 B2; US 8,659,306 B2; US 8,823,273 B2 B2; EP 1 120 018 B2; EP 1 206 168 B1; EP 1 308 913 B1; EP 1 530
178 A1; EP 2 351 220 B1; EP 2 559 164 B1; CN 1330853; CN 1783573; AUS 761094; HK 104 1401
IQ Switch®, SwipeSwitch™, ProxSense®, LightSense™, AirButtonTM and the logo are trademarks of Azoteq.
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