High Voltage, Precision Difference Amplifier AD8209 Data Sheet FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM 8000 V HBM ESD for shunt-based applications AEC-Q100 qualified EMI filters included High common-mode voltage range -2 V to +45 V operating -24 V to +80 V survival Buffered output voltage Gain = 14 V/V Low-pass filter (single-pole or two-pole) Wide operating temperature range -40C to +125C for WB grade -40C to +150C for WH grade Excellent ac and dc performance 1 mV voltage offset -5 ppm/C typical gain drift 80 dB CMRR minimum dc to 10 kHz Qualified for automotive applications VS A1 EMI FILTER IN+ EMI FILTER IN- EMI FILTER A2 AD8209 + G=2 - + G=7 - GND OUT 08461-001 FEATURES Figure 1. APPLICATIONS High-side current sensing Motor controls Solenoid controls Power management Low-side current sensing Diagnostic protection GENERAL DESCRIPTION The AD8209 is a single-supply difference amplifier ideal for amplifying and low-pass filtering small differential voltages in the presence of a large common-mode voltage. The input commonmode voltage range extends from -2 V to +45 V at a single +5 V supply. The AD8209 is qualified per AEC-Q100 specifications. The amplifier offers enhanced input overvoltage and ESD protection, and includes EMI filtering. performance, minimizing errors in the application. Typical offset and gain drift in the MSOP package are less than 5 V/C and 10 ppm/C, respectively. The device also delivers a minimum CMRR of 80 dB from dc to 10 kHz. The AD8209 features an externally accessible 100 k resistor at the output of the preamplifier (A1), which can be used for lowpass filtering and for establishing gains other than 14. Automotive applications demand robust, precision components for improved system control. The AD8209 provides excellent ac and dc Rev. C Document Feedback Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 (c)2009-2016 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Technical Support www.analog.com AD8209* PRODUCT PAGE QUICK LINKS Last Content Update: 02/23/2017 COMPARABLE PARTS DISCUSSIONS View a parametric search of comparable parts. View all AD8209 EngineerZone Discussions. DOCUMENTATION SAMPLE AND BUY Data Sheet Visit the product page to see pricing options. * AD8209: High Voltage, Precision Difference Amplifier Data Sheet TECHNICAL SUPPORT TOOLS AND SIMULATIONS Submit a technical question or find your regional support number. * AD8209 SPICE Macro Model DOCUMENT FEEDBACK DESIGN RESOURCES Submit feedback for this data sheet. * AD8209 Material Declaration * PCN-PDN Information * Quality And Reliability * Symbols and Footprints This page is dynamically generated by Analog Devices, Inc., and inserted into this data sheet. A dynamic change to the content on this page will not trigger a change to either the revision number or the content of the product data sheet. This dynamic page may be frequently modified. AD8209 Data Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 High-Side Current Sensing with a Low-Side Switch ............. 12 Applications ....................................................................................... 1 High-Rail Current Sensing ....................................................... 12 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Low-Side Current Sensing ........................................................ 12 General Description ......................................................................... 1 Gain Adjustment ........................................................................ 13 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Gain Trim .................................................................................... 14 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Low-Pass Filtering ...................................................................... 14 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 5 High Line Current Sensing with LPF and Gain Adjustment ......15 ESD Caution .................................................................................. 5 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 16 Pin Configuration and Function Descriptions ............................. 6 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 16 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 7 Automotive Products ................................................................. 16 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 11 Applications Information .............................................................. 12 REVISION HISTORY 12/2016--Rev. B to Rev. C 2/2013--Rev. 0 to Rev. A Changes to Figure 27 .......................................................................12 Change to Features ............................................................................ 1 Changes to Figure 3 and Table 3 ...................................................... 5 Change to Ordering Guide ............................................................. 15 Added Automotive Products Section ........................................... 15 10/2013--Rev. A to Rev. B Changes to Features Section............................................................ 1 Changes to Table Summary Statement and Table 1 ..................... 3 Changes to Table 2 ............................................................................ 5 Changes to Gains Greater than 14 Section and Figure 30 ........ 13 Changes to Ordering Guide .......................................................... 16 10/2009--Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. C | Page 2 of 16 Data Sheet AD8209 SPECIFICATIONS TOPR = -40C to +125C for AD8209WBRM grade, TOPR = -40C to +150C for AD8209WHRM grade, TA = 25C, VS = 5 V, RL = 25 k (RL is the output load resistor), unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter SYSTEM GAIN Initial Error vs. Temperature AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM Gain Drift VOLTAGE OFFSET Initial Input Offset (Referred to Input [RTI]) Input Offset (RTI) Over Temperature Voltage Offset vs. Temperature INPUT Input Impedance Differential Common Mode VCM (Continuous) CMRR 2 PREAMPLIFIER (A1) Gain Gain Error AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM Output Voltage Range Output Resistance OUTPUT BUFFER (A2) Gain Gain Error AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM Output Voltage Range 4, 5 AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM Output Voltage Range 6 AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM Input Bias Current Output Resistance DYNAMIC RESPONSE System Bandwidth Slew Rate NOISE 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Spectral Density, 1 kHz (RTI) Test Conditions 1 Min Typ Max 14 0.075 V VOUT (VS - 0.1 V), dc, TOPR 0.100 V VOUT (VS - 0.12 V), dc, TOPR TOPR Unit V/V 0 0.3 0.3 -20 % % ppm/C VCM = 0.15 V, TA VCM = 0 V, TOPR VCM = 0 V, TOPR -20 2 4 +20 mV mV V/C 440 220 +45 VCM = -2 V to +45 V, dc f = dc to 10 kHz, 3 TOPR 360 180 -2 80 80 k k V dB dB 400 200 100 7 0.0375 V VOUT (VS - 0.1 V), dc, TOPR 0.050 V VOUT (VS - 0.1 V), dc, TOPR AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM -0.3 -0.3 0.0375 0.05 97 100 V/V +0.3 +0.3 VS - 0.1 VS - 0.1 103 2 0.075 V VOUT (VS - 0.1 V), dc, TOPR 0.1 V VOUT (VS - 0.12 V), dc, TOPR RL = 25 k, differential Input (V) = 0 V, TOPR Pin 3 (A1 output) driving Pin 4 (A2 input) % % V V k V/V -0.3 -0.3 +0.3 +0.3 % % 0.075 0.1 VS - 0.1 VS - 0.12 V V 0.075 0.1 VS - 0.1 VS - 0.12 50 Pin 4 (A2 input) driven with external source TOPR RL = 1 k, frequency = dc 2 V V nA VIN = 0.01 V p-p, VOUT = 0.14 V p-p VIN = 0.28 V, VOUT = 4 V step 80 1 kHz V/s 20 500 V p-p nV/Hz Rev. C | Page 3 of 16 AD8209 Parameter POWER SUPPLY Operating Range Quiescent Current Quiescent Current vs. Temperature AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM PSRR TEMPERATURE RANGE AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM Data Sheet Test Conditions 1 Min Typ 4.5 Typical, TA VOUT = 0.1 V dc, VS = 5 V, TOPR VS = 4.5 V to 5.5 V, TOPR For Specified Performance at TOPR Max Unit 5.5 V mA 2.7 3.0 mA mA dB +125 +150 C C 1.6 66 -40 -40 80 VCM = input common-mode voltage. Source imbalance < 2 . 3 The AD8209 preamplifier exceeds 80 dB CMRR at 10 kHz. However, because the output is available only by way of the 100 k resistor, even a small amount of pin-topin capacitance between the IN pins and the A1 and A2 pins might couple an input common-mode signal larger than the greatly attenuated preamplifier output. The effect of pin-to-pin coupling can be neglected in all applications by using a filter capacitor from Pin 3 to GND. 4 The output voltage range of the AD8209 varies depending on the load resistance and temperature. For additional information on this specification, refer to Figure 12 and Figure 13. 5 The output voltage range of A2 assumes that Pin 3 (A1 output) and Pin 4 (A2 input) are shorted together. A 25 k load resistor is used for testing. 6 The output voltage range of A2 assumes Pin 4 (A2 input) is driven with an external voltage source. A 25 k load resistor is used for testing. 1 2 Rev. C | Page 4 of 16 Data Sheet AD8209 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter Supply Voltage Continuous Input Voltage (Common Mode) Differential Input Voltage Reversed Supply Voltage Protection ESD Human Body Model for Shunt-Based Applications1 Operating Temperature Range AD8209WBRM AD8209WHRM Storage Temperature Range Output Short-Circuit Duration Lead Temperature Range (Soldering 10 sec) 1 Rating 12 V -24 V to +80 V 12 V 0.3 V 8000 V -40C to +125C -40C to +150C -65C to +150C Indefinite 300C Stresses at or above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the product. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the product at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Operation beyond the maximum operating conditions for extended periods may affect product reliability. ESD CAUTION Shunt-based applications have a low impedance shunt resistor between +IN and -IN. See Figure 24 for an example of a shunt-based application. Rev. C | Page 5 of 16 AD8209 Data Sheet PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS 1 8 2 7 2 A1 3 AD8209 TOP VIEW (Not to Scale) A2 4 +IN 7 VS 6 NC 5 OUT NC = NO CONNECT 3 4 5 08461-003 GND 2 8 08461-002 -IN 1 Figure 2. Pin Configuration Figure 3. Metallization Photograph Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mnemonic -IN GND GND A1 A2 OUT NC VS +IN Coordinates X Y -322 +563 -321 +208 -327 +339 -321 -51 -321 -214 +321 -388 +322 +322 +363 +561 Description Inverting Input Ground Ground Preamplifier (A1) Output Buffer (A2) Input Buffer (A2) Output No Connect Supply Noninverting Input Rev. C | Page 6 of 16 Data Sheet AD8209 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 0.70 1500 0.55 1250 0.40 1000 0.25 750 GAIN ERROR (ppm) 0.10 -0.05 -0.20 -0.35 500 250 0 -250 -0.50 -500 -0.65 08461-004 TEMPERATURE (C) -1000 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 4. Typical Offset Drift vs. Temperature Figure 7. Typical Gain Error vs. Temperature 30 0.47 TOTAL INPUT BIAS CURRENT (mA) 25 20 15 GAIN (dB) 08461-005 -750 -0.80 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 10 5 0 -5 -10 0.42 0.37 0.32 0.27 0.22 0.17 0.12 0.07 0.02 -15 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M -0.03 08461-022 -20 1k -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 INPUT COMMON-MODE (V) Figure 5. Typical Small-Signal Bandwidth 08461-006 VOSI (mV) TOPR = -40C to +125C, TA = 25C, VS = 5 V, RL = 25 k (RL is the output load resistor), unless otherwise noted. Figure 8. Total Input Bias Current vs. Common-Mode Voltage, with +IN and -IN Pins Connected (Shorted) -35 140 130 +125C +25C 110 -40C 90 80 70 60 50 -30 -40C -25 +25C +125C -20 -15 30 10 100 1k 10k 100k FREQUENCY (Hz) 1M -10 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 A2 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.0 2.2 2.4 08461-007 40 08461-012 CMRR (dB) 100 A2 INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) 120 Figure 9. Input Bias Current of A2 vs. Input Voltage and Temperature Figure 6. Typical CMRR vs. Frequency Rev. C | Page 7 of 16 AD8209 Data Sheet 2.0 11.5 1.8 11.0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V) 10.5 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 6.0 5.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TEMPERATURE (C) 100 120 140 0 Figure 10. Maximum Output Sink Current vs. Temperature 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA) Figure 13. Output Voltage Range from GND vs. Output Sink Current 6.3 6.0 5.8 INPUT 100mV/DIV 5.5 1 5.3 OUTPUT 5.0 4.8 500mV/DIV 4.5 2 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 TEMPERATURE (C) 08461-018 4.3 TIME (2s/DIV) 08461-009 MAXIMUM OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA) 6.5 4.1 -40 Figure 11. Maximum Output Source Current vs. Temperature Figure 14. Rise Time 5.0 4.2 100mV/DIV 3.8 INPUT 3.4 1 3.0 500mV/DIV 2.6 2.2 OUTPUT 1.8 2 08461-017 OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE (V) 4.6 1.4 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 OUTPUT SOURCE CURRENT (mA) TIME (2s/DIV) 08461-010 1.0 08461-011 0.2 5.5 08461-008 MAXIMUM OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA) 12.0 Figure 12. Output Voltage Range of A2 vs. Output Source Current Figure 15. Fall Time Rev. C | Page 8 of 16 Data Sheet AD8209 200mV/DIV 3 2 2V/DIV INPUT 2V/DIV 3 0.01%/DIV OUTPUT 08461-016 08461-014 2 TIME (2s/DIV) TIME (20s/DIV) Figure 16. Differential Overload Recovery, Rising Figure 19. Settling Time, Falling 500 +125C +25C -40C 200mV/DIV 400 INPUT 300 COUNT 3 2V/DIV 2 200 OUTPUT 0 -4 TIME (2s/DIV) -3 Figure 17. Differential Overload Recovery, Falling -2 -1 0 VOS (mV) 1 2 3 4 10 15 20 08461-019 08461-013 100 Figure 20. Offset Distribution 180 150 120 2V/DIV COUNT 2 0.01%/DIV 90 60 3 0 -20 TIME (20s/DIV) -15 -10 -5 0 5 OFFSET DRIFT (V/C) Figure 21. Offset Drift Distribution Figure 18. Settling Time, Rising Rev. C | Page 9 of 16 08461-020 08461-015 30 AD8209 Data Sheet 1400 1200 800 600 400 200 0 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 GAIN DRIFT (ppm/C) 10 15 20 08461-021 COUNT 1000 Figure 22. Gain Drift Distribution Rev. C | Page 10 of 16 Data Sheet AD8209 THEORY OF OPERATION The AD8209 is a single-supply difference amplifier typically used to amplify a small differential voltage in the presence of rapidly changing, high common-mode voltages. The AD8209 consists of two amplifiers (A1 and A2), a resistor network, a small voltage reference, and a bias circuit (not shown); see Figure 23. The set of input attenuators preceding A1 consist of RA, RB, and RC, which feature a combined series resistance of approximately 400 k 20%. The purpose of these resistors is to attenuate the input voltage to match the input voltage range of A1. This balanced resistor network attenuates the common-mode signal by a ratio of 1/14. The A1 amplifier inputs are held within the power supply range, even as Pin 1 and Pin 8 exceed the supply or fall below the common (ground). A reference voltage of 350 mV biases the attenuator above ground, allowing Amplifier A1 to operate in the presence of negative common-mode voltages. The input resistor network also attenuates normal (differential) mode voltages. Therefore, A1 features a gain of 97 V/V to provide a total system gain, from IN to the output of A1, equal to 7 V/V, as shown in the following equation: by connecting A1 to A2 and placing a capacitor to ground (see Figure 32). The value of RF1 and RF2 is 10 k, providing a gain of 2 V/V for Amplifier A2. When connecting Pin A1 and Pin A2 together, the AD8209 provides a total system gain equal to Total Gain of (A1 + A2) (V/V) = 7 (V/V) x 2 (V/V) = 14 V/V at the output of A2 (the OUT pin). The ratios of RA, RB, RC, and RF are trimmed to a high level of precision, allowing a typical CMRR value that exceeds 80 dB. This performance is accomplished by laser trimming the resistor ratio matching to better than 0.01%. -IN RA +IN VS RA - RF RB RG RC RC A2 RFILTER + + RB A1 A1 OUT A2 - RF1 RF RM RF2 A precision trimmed, 100 k resistor is placed in series with the output of Amplifier A1. The user has access to this resistor via an external pin (A1). A low-pass filter can be easily implemented Rev. C | Page 11 of 16 08461-025 350mV Gain (A1) = 1/14 (V/V) x 97 (V/V) = 7 V/V GND Figure 23. Simplified Schematic AD8209 Data Sheet APPLICATIONS INFORMATION HIGH-SIDE CURRENT SENSING WITH A LOW-SIDE SWITCH HIGH-RAIL CURRENT SENSING In load control configurations for high-side current sensing with a low-side switch, the PWM-controlled switch is ground referenced. An inductive load (solenoid) connects to a power supply/battery. A resistive shunt is placed between the switch and the load (see Figure 24). An advantage of placing the shunt on the high side is that the entire current, including the recirculation current, is monitored because the shunt remains in the loop when the switch is off. In addition, shorts to ground can be detected with the shunt on the high side, enhancing the diagnostics of the control loop. In this circuit configuration, when the switch is closed, the commonmode voltage moves down to near the negative rail. When the switch is opened, the voltage reversal across the inductive load causes the common-mode voltage to be held one diode drop above the battery by the clamp diode. In the high-rail current-sensing configuration, the shunt resistor is referenced to the battery. High voltage is present at the inputs of the current-sense amplifier. When the shunt is battery referenced, the AD8209 produces a linear ground-referenced analog output. Additionally, the AD8214 can be used to provide an overcurrent detection signal in as little as 100 ns (see Figure 26). This feature is useful in high current systems where fast shutdown in overcurrent conditions is essential. OVERCURRENT DETECTION (<100ns) 5 6 7 8 OUT GND NC -IN AD8214 NC VREG +IN 4 3 VS 2 1 5V CLAMP DIODE CLAMP DIODE INDUCTIVE LOAD OUTPUT SHUNT +IN +VS NC -IN + BATTERY GND - SHUNT AD8209 A1 A2 GND A1 1 2 3 8 AD8209 4 7 6 5 - +IN VS BATTERY INDUCTIVE LOAD 5V NC OUT SWITCH CF A2 08461-028 -IN + OUT SWITCH Figure 26. Battery-Referenced Shunt Resistor 08461-026 CF NC = NO CONNECT Figure 24. Low-Side Switch In cases where a high-side switch is used for PWM control of the load current in an application, the AD8209 can be used as shown in Figure 25. The recirculation current through the freewheeling diode (clamp diode) is monitored through the shunt resistor. In this configuration, the common-mode voltage in the application drops below GND when the FET is switched off. The AD8209 operates down to -2 V, providing an accurate current measurement. LOW-SIDE CURRENT SENSING In systems where low-side current sensing is preferable, the AD8209 provides a simple, high accuracy, integrated solution. In this configuration, the AD8209 rejects ground noise and offers high input to output linearity, regardless of the differential input voltage. INDUCTIVE LOAD CLAMP DIODE 5V OUTPUT SWITCH +IN 5V +VS NC OUT BATTERY SWITCH +VS NC OUT + BATTERY - -IN SHUNT GND A1 A2 AD8209 CF NC = NO CONNECT -IN CLAMP DIODE GND A1 A2 Figure 27. Ground-Referenced Shunt Resistor CF NC = NO CONNECT 08461-027 INDUCTIVE LOAD Figure 25. High-Side Switch Rev. C | Page 12 of 16 08461-029 +IN AD8209 SHUNT OUTPUT Data Sheet AD8209 4 mA to 20 mA Current Loop Receiver The AD8209 can also be used in low current-sensing applications, such as the 4 mA to 20 mA current loop receiver shown in Figure 28. In such applications, the relatively large shunt resistor may degrade the common-mode rejection. Adding a resistor of equal value on the low impedance side of the input corrects this error. 5V Gains Greater than 14 10 1% OUTPUT +IN +VS NC Connecting a resistor from the output of the buffer amplifier to its noninverting input, as shown in Figure 30, increases the gain. The gain is now multiplied by the factor OUT + BATTERY 10 1% AD8209 -IN GND A1 REXT/(REXT - 100 k) For example, it is doubled for REXT = 200 k. Overall gains as high as 50 are achievable in this way. Note that the accuracy of the gain becomes critically dependent on the resistor value at high gains. In addition, the effective input offset voltage at Pin 1 and Pin 8 (which is about six times the actual offset of A1) limits the use of the part in high gain, dc-coupled applications. A2 08461-030 CF NC = NO CONNECT Figure 28. 4 mA to 20 mA Current Loop Receiver 5V GAIN ADJUSTMENT OUTPUT The default gain of the preamplifier and buffer are 7 V/V and 2 V/V, respectively, resulting in a composite gain of 14 V/V. With the addition of external resistor(s) or trimmer(s), the gain can be lowered, raised, or finely calibrated. +IN VDIFF Because the preamplifier has an output resistance of 100 k, an external resistor connected from Pin 3 and Pin 4 to GND decreases the gain by the following factor (see Figure 29): NC OUT GAIN = AD8209 - 14REXT REXT + 100k REXT = 100k GND A1 GAIN 14 - GAIN A2 + - REXT NC = NO CONNECT 08461-031 VCM REXT = 100k GND A1 GAIN GAIN - 14 A2 POINT X (SEE TEXT) - Figure 30. Adjusting for Gains Greater than 14 OUTPUT -IN REXT 14REXT REXT - 100k NC = NO CONNECT 5V VDIFF AD8209 + VCM REXT/(100 k + REXT) + OUT - -IN +VS NC GAIN = + Gains Less than 14 +IN +VS 08461-032 - The overall bandwidth is unaffected by changes in gain by using this method, although there may be a small offset voltage due to the imbalance in source resistances at the input to the buffer. In many cases, this can be ignored, but if desired, the offset voltage can be nulled by inserting a resistor in series with Pin 4. The resistor used should be equal to 100 k minus the parallel sum of REXT and 100 k. For example, with REXT = 100 k (yielding a composite gain of 7 V/V), the optional offset nulling resistor is 50 k. A small offset voltage arises from an imbalance in source resistances and the finite bias currents inherently present at the input of A2. In most applications, this additional offset error is comparable to the specified offset range and therefore introduces negligible skew. However, it can be essentially eliminated by the addition of a resistor in series with the parallel combination of REXT and 100 k (at point X in Figure 30) so the total resistance is maintained at 100 k. For example, at a gain of 20, when REXT = 332 k and the parallel combination of REXT and 100 k is 77 k, the series resistor placed at point X is 23 k. Figure 29. Adjusting for Gains Less than 14 Rev. C | Page 13 of 16 AD8209 Data Sheet GAIN TRIM Figure 31 shows a method for incremental gain trimming by using a trim potentiometer and an external resistor, REXT. The following approximation is useful for small gain ranges: G (10 M / REXT)% For example, using this equation, the adjustment range is 2% for REXT = 5 M and 10% for REXT = 1 M. 5V Low-pass filters can be implemented in several ways by using the features provided by the AD8209. In the simplest case, a single-pole filter (20 dB/decade) is formed when the output of A1 is connected to the input of A2 via the internal 100 k resistor by tying Pin 3 to Pin 4 and adding a capacitor from this node to ground, as shown in Figure 32. If a resistor is added across the capacitor to lower the gain, the corner frequency increases; therefore, gain should be calculated using the parallel sum of the resistor and 100 k. 5V OUTPUT NC OUTPUT OUT +IN + AD8209 VDIFF -IN GND + VCM A1 OUT 1 + - NC fC = 2C105 AD8209 - C IN FARADS A2 REXT -IN GAIN TRIM 20k MIN A1 A2 + - NC = NO CONNECT GND VCM CF - 08461-033 VDIFF +VS 08461-034 +VS NC = NO CONNECT Figure 31. Incremental Gain Trimming Figure 32. Single-Pole, Low-Pass Filter Using the Internal 100 k Resistor Internal Signal Overload Considerations When configuring the gain for values other than 14, the maximum input voltage with respect to the supply voltage and ground must be considered because either the preamplifier or the output buffer reaches its full-scale output (VS - 0.1 V) with large differential input voltages. The input of the AD8209 is limited to (VS - 0.1) / 7 for overall gains of 7 because the preamplifier, with its fixed gain of 7 V/V, reaches its full-scale output before the output buffer. For gains greater than 7, the swing at the buffer output reaches its full scale first and then limits the AD8209 input to (VS - 0.1) / G, where G is the overall gain. If the gain is raised using a resistor, as shown in Figure 30, the corner frequency is lowered by the same factor as the gain is raised. Therefore, using a resistor of 200 k (for which the gain would be doubled), results in a corner frequency scaled to 0.796 Hz F (0.039 F for a 20 Hz corner frequency). 5V OUTPUT +IN + VDIFF LOW-PASS FILTERING +VS OUT NC C AD8209 - fC(Hz) = 1/C(F) In many transducer applications, it is necessary to filter the signal to remove spurious high frequency components, including noise, or to extract the mean value of a fluctuating signal with a peakto-average ratio (PAR) greater than unity. For example, a full-wave rectified sinusoid has a PAR of 1.57, a raised cosine has a PAR of 2, and a half-wave sinusoid has a PAR of 3.14. Signals with large spikes may have PARs of 10 or more. When implementing a filter, the PAR should be considered so that the output of the AD8209 preamplifier (A1) does not clip before A2; otherwise, the nonlinearity would be averaged and appear as an error at the output. To avoid this error, both amplifiers should clip at the same time. This condition is achieved when the PAR is no greater than the gain of the second amplifier (2 for the default configuration). For example, if a PAR of 5 is expected, the gain of A2 should be increased to 5. -IN + VCM GND A1 A2 255k - C NC = NO CONNECT 08461-035 +IN Figure 33. Two-Pole, Low-Pass Filter A two-pole filter with a roll-off of 40 dB/decade can be implemented using the connections shown in Figure 33. This configuration is a Sallen-Key form based on a x2 amplifier. It is useful to remember that a two-pole filter with a corner frequency of f2 and a single-pole filter with a corner frequency of f1 have the same attenuation, that is, 40 log (f2/f1), as shown in Figure 34. Using the standard resistor value shown in Figure 33 and capacitors of equal values, the corner frequency is conveniently scaled to 1 Hz F (0.05 F for a 20 Hz corner frequency). A maximal flat response occurs when the resistor is lowered to 196 k, scaling the corner frequency to 1.145 Hz F. The output offset is raised by approximately 5 mV (equivalent to 250 V at the input pins). Rev. C | Page 14 of 16 Data Sheet AD8209 FREQUENCY diode regulates the common-mode potential applied to the device. For example, a battery spike of 20 V may result in an applied common-mode potential of 21.5 V to the input of the devices. ATTENUATION 40dB/DECADE 20dB/DECADE To produce a full-scale output of 4 V, a gain of 40 V/V is used, adjustable by 5% to absorb the tolerance in the shunt. There is sufficient headroom to allow 10% overrange (to 4.4 V). The roughly triangular voltage across the sense resistor is averaged by a single-pole, low-pass filter that is set with a corner frequency of 3.6 Hz, which provides about 30 dB of attenuation at 100 Hz. A higher rate of attenuation can be obtained by using a two-pole filter with a corner frequency of 20 Hz, as shown in Figure 36. Although this circuit uses two separate capacitors, the total capacitance is less than half of what is needed for the single-pole filter. 40log (f2/f1) f1 08461-036 A 1-POLE FILTER, CORNER f1, AND A 2-POLE FILTER, CORNER f2, HAVE THE SAME ATTENUATION -40log (f2/f1) AT FREQUENCY f22/f1 f22/f1 f2 5V Figure 34. Comparative Responses of Single-Pole and Two-Pole Low-Pass Filters CLAMP DIODE HIGH LINE CURRENT SENSING WITH LPF AND GAIN ADJUSTMENT INDUCTIVE LOAD OUTPUT +IN +VS OUT NC 432k + BATTERY The circuit shown in Figure 35 is similar to Figure 24, but includes gain adjustment and low-pass filtering. - SHUNT C AD8209 50k 5V -IN GND A2 A1 SWITCH INDUCTIVE LOAD OUTPUT 4V/AMP +IN +VS 93k OUT NC C + BATTERY 133k - SHUNT AD8209 fC(Hz) =1/C(F) (0.05F FOR fC = 20Hz) NC = NO CONNECT Figure 36. Two-Pole Low-Pass Filter 20k -IN GND A2 A1 SWITCH C NC = NO CONNECT 5% CALIBRATION RANGE fC(Hz) = 0.767Hz/C(F) (0.22F FOR fC = 3.6Hz) 08461-037 VOS/IB NULL Figure 35. High Line Current-Sensor Interface; Gain = 40 V/V, Single-Pole, Low-Pass Filter A power device that is either on or off controls the current in the load. The average current is proportional to the duty cycle of the input pulse and is sensed by a small-value resistor. The average differential voltage across the shunt is typically 100 mV, although its peak value is higher by an amount that depends on the inductance of the load and the control frequency. The commonmode voltage, on the other hand, extends from roughly 1 V above ground for the on condition to about 1.5 V above the battery voltage in the off condition. The conduction of the clamping Rev. C | Page 15 of 16 08461-038 CLAMP DIODE AD8209 Data Sheet OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 3.20 3.00 2.80 8 3.20 3.00 2.80 1 5.15 4.90 4.65 5 4 PIN 1 IDENTIFIER 0.65 BSC 0.95 0.85 0.75 15 MAX 1.10 MAX 0.40 0.25 6 0 0.23 0.09 0.80 0.55 0.40 COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-187-AA 100709-B 0.15 0.05 COPLANARITY 0.10 Figure 37. 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package [MSOP] (RM-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model1, 2 AD8209WBRMZ AD8209WBRMZ-R7 AD8209WBRMZ-RL AD8209WHRMZ AD8209WHRMZ-RL 1 2 Temperature Package -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +150C -40C to +150C Package Description 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) 8-Lead Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP) Package Option RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 RM-8 Branding Y26 Y26 Y26 Y51 Y51 Z = RoHS Compliant Part. W = Qualified for Automotive Applications. AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS The AD8209W models are available with controlled manufacturing to support the quality and reliability requirements of automotive applications. Note that these automotive models may have specifications that differ from the commercial models; therefore, designers should review the Specifications section of this data sheet carefully. Only the automotive grade products shown are available for use in automotive applications. Contact your local Analog Devices account representative for specific product ordering information and to obtain the specific Automotive Reliability reports for these models. (c)2009-2016 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D08461-0-12/16(C) Rev. C | Page 16 of 16