L44...683-X BLUE series
Document Number: L44-683-X-9020 www.lasorb.com
Revision: 16-September-2016
1
FEATURES
Compact 2-pin package
Optimized for blue laser diodes
Protects against both positive- and negative-ESD,
in accordance with ESD standards such as:
ANSI/ESD STM5.1
MIL-STD 833-c
IEC 61340-2-1
IEC 61000-4-2
Protects against reverse bias (reverse polarity)
Typical capacitance 1200pF (Vf = 5 V; f = 10 MHz)
Lead (Pb)-free component in accordance with
RoHS 2002/95/EC and WEEE 2002/96/EC
APPLICATIONS
Protecting laser diodes from direct and indirect ESD
Protecting laser diodes from surges during power-up
and power-down
May be used to protect other optoelectronic devices
such as Photodiodes and LEDs
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The L44…683-X series LASORB device is a 2-pin through-hole version of our ESD absorber, designed
and tested specifically to protect blue laser diodes and other optoelectronic devices that have an
operating voltage between 4.0V and 6.0V. It provides protection against reverse bias as well as fast-
changing forward bias conditions.
LASORB is available in the 2-pin through-hole package described here, and is also available in an SMT
package having TSOP6 package outline. Custom sizes and packages can also be manufactured.
ORDERING INFORMATION
The part number provided below is for the LASORB part optimized for moderate- to high-power blue laser
diodes such as the Nichia part number NDB7112 and NDB7352. See the application notes for additional
information. OEMs are encouraged to work directly with Pangolin to select the best part to maximize
overall system performance.
Device part number Comment
L44-47-121-683-X Typical surge conduction time = 4 microseconds
Electrical Symbol
Package photograph
L44...683-X BLUE series
Document Number: L44-683-X-9020 www.lasorb.com
Revision: 16-September-2016
2
COMMON ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS @ TJ = 25°
°°
° C
Parameter Min.
Typ. Max. Units Conditions
Maximum LDA to LDK Voltage
(1)
7.5 V
leakage current = 30mA
ESD Event Pulsed Current 50 A Absolute Maximum
20 microsecond Pulsed Current 30 A Absolute Maximum
Continuous Power Dissipation 2 W 25 °C
Junction and Storage Temperature Range
(1)
-55 +150 °C Absolute Maximum
LDA to LDK impedance when active 0.033
Ω
LDA to LDK capacitance 1200 pF LDA to LDK = 5V
Continuous Reverse Bias Current 2.9 A Absolute Maximum
Reverse Bias Recovery Time 22 29 nS I = 8A
L44-47-121-683-X ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS @ TJ = 25°
°°
° C
Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Conditions
LDA to LDK leakage current when inactive 5.3 mA LDA to LDK = 5V
(1)
Surge conduction time
(2)
3.3 4 5 uS LDA to LDK = 5V pk
Slew rate during voltage-modulation 750 mV/uS LDA to LDK = 5V p-p
Sinusoidal voltage-modulation rate 70 kHz LDA to LDK = 5V p-p
NOTES
1. Operating voltages are specified at 25° C. As the temperature increases, the maximum operating
voltage must be de-rated, otherwise leakage current will increase. See the datasheet section
about operating at elevated temperatures.
2. “Surge conduction time” defines the amount of time that LASORB will conduct current (diverting it
from the laser diode) in response to a fast-transient, large-signal voltage condition across its
terminals. The test starts with the LDA and LDK terminals at the same voltage potential (no
voltage difference) and then surges current into LDA with respect to LDK, while monitoring at the
terminal voltage and observing time to reach the nominal operating voltage.
L44...683-X BLUE series
Document Number: L44-683-X-9020 www.lasorb.com
Revision: 16-September-2016
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GENERAL APPLICATION INFORMATION
LASORB is a device that is specifically designed and tested to protect laser diodes from ESD and power
surges. LASORB overcomes the problems of previously-known ESD protection schemes by preventing
reverse-bias of the laser diode under all conditions, and also by preventing ESD or other power-related
faults from exceeding the maximum forward-bias voltage of the laser diode. LASORB is able to do this
while not adding significant resistance or capacitance to the laser system.
CONNECTING LASORB TO THE LASER DIODE
LASORB is connected directly to the terminals of a laser diode. The LDA terminal is connected to the
Laser Diode Anode, and the LDK terminal is connected directly to the Laser Diode Cathode. LASORB
should be connected as closely as possible to the laser diode – certainly no greater than one centimeter
away, thus preventing stray inductance in between the laser diode and the ESD protection means.
NEGATIVE-ESD AND REVERSE-BIAS PROTECTION
LASORB includes a fast-acting diode – the cathode of which is connected to the LDA terminal. The fast-
acting diode within LASORB has been proven to be generally more robust than a Schottky diode, which is
typically used in an attempt to protect a laser diode. The fast-acting diode within LASORB is able to
protect a laser diode against ESD whose polarity would tend to reverse bias the laser diode, and also
protect the laser diode against pulsed or continuous reverse bias (also known as reverse polarity)
conditions. Normally reverse bias only occurs during an ESD event, or when the power supply is turned
off. As long as the reverse bias condition does not exceed 2.9 amps RMS or 50 amps peak, no additional
reverse bias protection will be needed.
POSITIVE-ESD AND POWER SURGE PROTECTION
LASORB also includes a slew-rate detector, which monitors the voltage between the LDA and LDK
terminals. If the slew-rate is faster than a limit that is predetermined for each specific LASORB part
number, LASORB will conduct current between the LDA and LDK terminals, thus conducting current
away from the laser diode. Using the slew-rate detector, LASORB is able to discern between normal laser
diode operation, and a power surge or ESD event. LASORB also includes other circuitry to enhance its
ability to discern between normal drive conditions and ESD and, because of this additional circuitry,
LASORB is able to protect the laser diode whether power is applied or not.
LEAKAGE CURRENT WHILE INACTIVE
The LASORB device has several degrees of freedom that Pangolin can optimize for a particular type of
laser diode and application. One of the degrees of freedom is the leakage current apparent when
LASORB is inactive (not responding to an ESD event). Generally speaking, higher levels of leakage
current will allow LASORB to better-protect the laser diode while it is lasing. When operated well below
the “Maximum LDA to LDK Voltage” found on Page 2 of this datasheet, the leakage current is not
temperature dependent and it appears almost purely resistive. However, when operated within around 2
volts of the “Maximum LDA to LDK Voltage”, the leakage current increases as temperature increases.
(See the datasheet section on operating at elevated temperatures below.) If desired, Pangolin can
minimize this leakage current to levels so low, that it appears like a 5 Gig-ohm resistor (1 nA leakage at 5
volts). In such cases, the ESD protection offered by LASORB is reduced while the laser is lasing.
Nevertheless, ESD protection is still present and very impressive, even though it is reduced when
compared to LASORB models with higher levels of leakage current.
L44...683-X BLUE series
Document Number: L44-683-X-9020 www.lasorb.com
Revision: 16-September-2016
4
OPERATION AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
There specifications found on Page 2 of this datasheet are made at a junction temperature of 25° C. As
the junction temperature increases, the “Maximum LDA to LDK Voltage” must be de-rated, otherwise
higher “LDA to LDK leakage current when inactive” will be experienced. For example, at 25° C the L44-
47-121-683-X can comfortably be operated at voltages up to 6V, and the Maximum LDA to LDK Voltage
is 7.5V. At 100C the L44-47-121-683-X should not be operated at voltages much above 4.5V, and the
Maximum LDA to LDK Voltage becomes 6.2V. Please contact Pangolin if LASORB will be operated at
temperatures well above 25° C, to make sure that the proper LASORB part is designed in.
MODULATION CONDITIONS AND PART NUMBER RECOMMENDATIONS
Within this datasheet, we use to the term “current-modulation” to indicate those drivers that maintain a
continuous voltage bias across the laser diode, and only change this voltage slightly during modulation.
We use the term “voltage-modulation” to mean indicate drivers that completely remove and re-apply the
nominal terminal voltage across the laser diode during modulation.
In typical laser diode drivers (ones which use current-modulation), the voltage across the laser diode
terminals typically changes very little even during modulation. However, some laser diode drivers (ones
which use voltage-modulation) effectively remove, and then re-apply the nominal terminal voltage
(typically 2.2 to 5.0 V) across the laser diode over and over again. This 100% voltage-modulation may
fool LASORB into believing that there is a power surge condition, and when this happens, LASORB will
conduct current for a brief time, potentially interfering with modulation. To avoid this, you should choose a
specific LASORB part number that corresponds with the maximum expected voltage-modulation rate.
However, if the laser diode driver does not perform 100% voltage-modulation, then practically any
LASORB part will work, and the modulation rate will be primarily dictated by LASORB device capacitance.
Since the dynamic impedance of a typical moderate to high-power blue laser diode is around 0.75 ohms,
the maximum modulation rate is greater than 175 MHz when using current-modulation techniques. For
best results and part number recommendations, it is recommended that OEMs contact Pangolin for
applications advice and laser diode driver review.
INFORMATION ABOUT ESD STANDARDS AND TESTING
There are several relevant standards for ESD testing and compliance. Each standard has an associated
human body model. For example, the IEC 61000-4-2 standard uses a 150pF capacitor in series with a
330-ohm resistor to represent the human body model. The newer ANSI/ESD STM5.1 and IEC 61340-3-1
standards use a 100pF capacitor in series with a 1500-ohm resistor. Normally the ANSI/ESD STM5.1 and
IEC 61340-3-1 are standards used to test the ESD performance of electrical components, while the IEC
61000-4-2 standard is used to test the performance of an entire consumer end-product.
At Pangolin, we have tested the ability for LASORB to protect a laser diode when subjected to direct
discharges of ESD, using the standards mentioned above. Semiconductor companies generally agree
that the IEC 61000-4-2 standard is not realistic for components themselves, which is why the newer
ANSI/ESD STM5.1 and IEC 61340-3-1 were developed for testing components. Moreover, it could be
argued that subjecting a laser diode to direct discharges of ESD is also not a realistic scenario, since
ESD normally only comes in contact with an end-product, and not necessarily the laser diode itself.
Nevertheless, at Pangolin our testing is very rigorous, and generally exceeds the requirements of the
standards as well as realistic discharge scenarios.
L44...683-X BLUE series
Document Number: L44-683-X-9020 www.lasorb.com
Revision: 16-September-2016
5
In our testing we have found LASORB to be 100% effective at protecting blue laser diodes from positive-
ESD events up to 15kV, when using the human body model associated with ANSI/ESD STM5.1 and IEC
61340-3-1. We have also found that LASORB is able to protect all laser diodes from negative-ESD up to
15kV when using the human body model associated with ANSI/ESD STM5.1 and IEC 61340-3-1 as well
as IEC 61000-4-2.
Of course in order to achieve a high level of ESD protection, it is required to place the LASORB as closely
as possible to the laser diode. In our testing we have connected the LASORB pins directly to the laser
diode pins, and the total (round trip) lead length did not exceed 1 centimeter.
SMALL-SIGNAL SPICE MODELS
The behavior of LASORB depends on whether it is operated in the small-signal regime or the large-signal
regime. Typically the large-signal regime is only experienced during an ESD event or power surge and
laser diode drivers will operate with LASORB in the small-signal regime. Since the large-signal circuit
model is quite complex, and since the large-signal regime is experienced only rarely, we only present a
simplified small-signal SPICE model within this datasheet.
Note that LASORB has a complex impedance. At very low frequencies, LASORB will appear purely
resistive. At frequencies around 10MHz and higher, LASORB will appear as a 1200pF capacitance.
* Spice Subcircuit small-signal model of LASORB L44-47-121-683-X
*
.SUBCKT LASORB 2 1
R1 2 3 120
R2 3 1 820
C1 2 3 1.6N
C2 3 1 4.7N
.ENDS LASORB
L44...683-X BLUE series
Document Number: L44-683-X-9020 www.lasorb.com
Revision: 16-September-2016
6
OTHER LASORB PART NUMBER FORMULATIONS
As mentioned above, the LASORB device has several degrees of freedom that can be optimized for
particular laser diodes and applications. The degrees of freedom allow us to adjust the maximum and
typical operating voltage of the laser diode, as well as modulation rate, surge-conduction time, device
capacitance and inactive leakage current.
In addition to the parts described in this document, we also offer the following part number formulations
as standard off-the-shelf parts:
TSOP6/4G-20V – our SMT part whose operating parameters are user-customizable
L44-47-122-208-X – optimized for very low power, single-mode red laser diodes (10mW or lower)
L44-47-122-228-X – optimized for low power red laser diodes (100mW or lower)
L44-47-121-392-X – optimized for high power red laser diodes
L44-47-122-833-X – optimized for low power BLU-RAY and blue-violet laser diodes (100mW or lower)
L44-47-121-833-X – optimized for moderate-to-high power BLU-RAY and blue-violet laser diodes
L44-47-121-916-X – optimized for direct diode green laser diodes
L44-47-121-2000-X – optimized for quantum cascade laser diodes, and series strings of other diodes
CUSTOM SIZES AND PACKAGES
The LASORB device described in this datasheet is packaged in a 2-pin, through-hole package. However,
an SMT version is available, and Pangolin has also designed custom packages for specific OEMs. If the
standard LASORB package shown here is not convenient and if you have a moderate- to high-volume
requirement, Pangolin can make a custom LASORB part as a special shape component or board-
mounted configuration. Please contact Pangolin if you are interested in this.
MORE INFORMATION
More information about LASORB, including additional application hints and tips can be found on the
LASORB web site at www.lasorb.com.
In addition, OEMs are strongly encouraged to work with Pangolin to make sure that the most appropriate
LASORB part number is chosen and designed-in.
PATENT AND TRADEMARK INFORMATION
Australia Patent Number: 2009268619
Chinese Patent Number: ZL200980126761.9
German Patent (Utility Model) Number: 20 2009 013 825.9
United States Patent Number: 8,902,557
International Patent Application Number: PCT/US2009/049999
LASORB is a trademark of Pangolin Laser Systems, Inc.
U.S. Headquarters: Central Europe Branch Office:
Pangolin Laser Systems, Inc. Pangolin d.o.o.
9501 Satellite Boulevard, Suite 109 Podutiška cesta 75
Orlando, FL 32837 – USA 1000 Ljubljana, SLOVENIA
Phone: +1-407-299-2088 Phone: +386-1-517-4270
Fax: +1-407-299-6066 Fax: +386-1-517-4275
L44...683-X BLUE series
Document Number: L44-683-X-9020 www.lasorb.com
Revision: 16-September-2016
7
LASORB PACKAGE OUTLINE
Pins are flash gold plated over nickel, with no exact plating thickness specification.
For applications requiring a smaller package or different soldering requirements, consider our SMT
LASORB component, available in TSOP6 package.
More information can be found at http://www.lasorb.com/lasorb-datasheets/
L44...683-X BLUE series
Document Number: L44-683-X-9020 www.lasorb.com
Revision: 16-September-2016
8
LEGAL DISCLAIMER NOTICE
ALL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.
PANGOLIN LASER SYSTEMS, INC., ITS AFFILIATES, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES, AND ALL
PERSONS ACTING ON ITS OR THEIR BEHALF (COLLECTIVELY, "PANGOLIN”), DISCLAIM ANY AND
ALL LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, INACCURACIES OR INCOMPLETENESS CONTAINED HEREIN
OR IN ANY OTHER DISCLOSURE RELATING TO ANY PRODUCT.
PANGOLIN DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR APPLICATION OF
ANY PRODUCT DESCRIBED HEREIN OR OF ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN TO THE
MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW. THE PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS DO NOT EXPAND OR
OTHERWISE MODIFY PANGOLIN’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PURCHASE, INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTY EXPRESSED THEREIN, WHICH APPLY TO THESE PRODUCTS.
NO LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE, TO ANY INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS IS GRANTED BY THIS DOCUMENT OR BY ANY CONDUCT OF PANGOLIN.
THE PRODUCTS SHOWN HEREIN ARE NOT DESIGNED FOR USE IN MEDICAL, LIFE-SAVING, OR
LIFE-SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY INDICATED. CUSTOMERS
USING OR SELLING PANGOLIN PRODUCTS NOT EXPRESSLY INDICATED FOR USE IN SUCH
APPLICATIONS DO SO ENTIRELY AT THEIR OWN RISK AND AGREE TO FULLY INDEMNIFY
PANGOLIN FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING OR RESULTING FROM SUCH USE OR SALE. PLEASE
CONTACT AUTHORIZED PANGOLIN PERSONNEL TO OBTAIN WRITTEN TERMS AND CONDITIONS
REGARDING PRODUCTS DESIGNED FOR SUCH APPLICATIONS.
PRODUCT NAMES AND MARKINGS NOTED HEREIN MAY BE TRADEMARKS OF THEIR
RESPECTIVE OWNERS.
