ZXBM2004 VARIABLE SPEED 2-PHASE BLDC MOTOR CONTROLLER DESCRIPTION The ZXBM2004 is a 2-phase, DC brushless motor pre-driver with PWM variable speed control suitable for fan and blower motors. The controller is intended for applications where the fan or blower speed is controlled by an external PWM signal, thermistor or DC voltage. FEATURES QSOP16 * Compliant with external PWM speed control * Compliant with thermistor control * Minimum speed setting * Low noise * Auto restart * Built in hall amplifier * Speed pulse (FG) and lock rotor (RD) outputs * Up to 18V input voltage (60V with external regulator) * QSOP16 package * Lead free product Associated application notes:AN41 - Thermistor control AN42 - External PWM control AN43 - Interfacing to the motor windings APPLICATIONS * Mainframe and personal computer fans and blowers * Instrumentation fans * Central heating blowers * Automotive climate control ORDERING INFORMATION - QSOP16 DEVICE ZXBM2004Q16TC REEL SIZE TAPE WIDTH QUANTITY PER REEL 13" (330mm) 12mm 2,500 DEVICE MARKING * ZETEX ZXBM 2004 ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 1 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXBM2004 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS PARAMETER SYMBOL Supply voltage V CCmax -0.6 to 20 LIMITS UNIT V Input current I CCmax 100 mA Input voltage V IN max -0.5 to V CC +0.5 V Output voltage Power dissipation V OUT max P Dmax -0.5 to V CC +0.5 V 500 mW Operating temp. T OPR -40 to 110 C Storage temp. T STG -55 to 125 C Power Dissipation 1) Maximum allowable Power Dissipation, PD, is shown plotted against Ambient Temperature, TA, in the accompanying Power Derating Curve, indicating the Safe Operating Area for the device. 2) Power consumed by the device, PT, can be calculated from the equation: PT = PQ + PPh where PQ is power dissipated under quiescent current conditions, given by: PQ = VCC x ICC where VCC is the application device Supply Voltage and ICC is the maximum Supply Current given in the Electrical Characteristics and j-a = 112C/W PPh is power generated due to either one of the phase outputs Ph1 or Ph2 being active, given by: PPh = IOL x VOL where IOL is the application Ph1 and Ph2 output currents and VOL is the maximum Low Level Output Voltage for the Ph1 and Ph2 outputs given in the Electrical Characteristics ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 SEMICONDUCTORS 2 ZXBM2004 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (at Tamb = 25C & Vcc = 12V) PARAMETER SYMBOL Supply Voltage V CC Supply Current I CC MIN TYP MAX 18 V 5.5 7.5 mA No Load 1 mV diff p-p 4.7 Hall Amp Input Voltage V IN 40 Hall Amp Common Mode Voltage V CM 0.5 Vcc-1.5 7 UNIT CONDITIONS V mV Hall Amp Input Offset V OFS Hall Amp Bias Current I BS PH1, PH2 Output High V OH V I OH =-80mA PH1, PH2 Output Low V OLA 0.4 0.6 V I OL =16mA 2 PH1, PH2 Output Low V OLB 0.4 0.6 V I OL =50A 3 -400 V CC -2.2 -710 V CC -1.8 nA PH1, PH2 Output Source Current I OH -80 mA PH1, PH2 Output Sink Current I OL 16 mA C PWM Charge Current I PWMC -4.5 -7.85 A 38 65 A C PWM Discharge Current I PWMD C PWM High Threshold Voltage V THH 3 V C PWM Low Threshold Voltage V THL 1 V PWM Frequency F PWM ThRef Voltage V ThReF ThRef Output Current I OThRef S MIN Input Current 24 2.88 kHz 2.96 3.10 V -1 mA I ISMIN -0.25 -0.3 A C PWM = 0.1nF I OThRef =-100A VIN = 2V,SPD=open SPD Voltage Minimum V SPDL 1 V 100% PWM Drive SPD Voltage Maximum V SPDH 3 V 0% PWM Drive SPD Input Current I ISPD -0.8 -2 A 0.54 A A C LCK Charge Current I LCKC C LCK Discharge Current I LCKD 0.46 C LCK High Threshold Voltage V THH 3 V C LCK Low Threshold Voltage V THL 1 V -2.8 -3.8 1:12 Lock condition On:Off ratio FG & RD Low Level Output Current VIN = 2V 5 I OL FG & RD Low Level Output Voltage V OL Commutation dead time t CD 0.5 7.5 mA V I OL = 5mA s Notes: 1. Measured with pins H+, H-, CLCK and CPWM = 0V and all other signal pins open circuit. 2. Measured when opposing Phase Output is Low 3. Measured when opposing Phase Output is High 4. In this datasheet a negative sign for a current indicates current flowing out of the pin whilst no sign indicates current flowing into the pin. ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 3 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXBM2004 Block diagram Pin assignments H+ Vcc 1 HN/C V+OP ZXBM2004 ThRef SPD Ph1 Ph2 QSOP16 N/C C PWM FG SMIN RD Gnd C LCK ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 SEMICONDUCTORS 4 ZXBM2004 PIN FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION If required this pin can also be used as an enable pin. The application of a voltage >3.0V will force the PWM drive fully off, in effect disabling the drive. H+ - Hall input H- - Hall input The rotor position is detected by a Hall sensor, with the output applied to the H+ and H- pins. This sensor can be either a 4 pin 'naked' Hall device or of the 3 pin buffered switching type. For a 4 pin device the differential Hall output signal is connected to the H+ and H- pins. For a buffered Hall sensor the Hall device output is attached to the H+ pin, with a pull-up attached if needed, whilst the H- pin has an external potential divider attached to hold the pin at half Vcc. When H+ is high in relation to H-, Ph2 is the active drive. SMIN - Sets Minimum Speed A voltage can be set on this pin via a potential divider between the ThRef and Gnd. This voltage is monitored by the SPD pin such that it cannot rise above it. As a higher voltage on the SPD pin represents a lower speed it therefore restricts the lower speed range of the fan. If this feature is not required the pin is left tied to ThRef so no minimum speed will be set. If the fan is being controlled from an external voltage source onto the SPD pin then either this feature should not be used or if it is required then a >1k resistor should be placed in series with the SPD pin. ThRef - Network Reference This is a reference voltage of nominal 3V. It is designed for the ability to 'source' and therefore it will not 'sink' any current from a higher voltage. CPWM - Sets PWM Frequency The current drawn from the pin by the minimum speed potential divider to pin SMIN and any voltage setting network should not exceed 1mA in total at maximum temperature. This pin has an external capacitor attached to set the PWM frequency for the Phase drive outputs. A capacitor value of 0.1nF will provide a PWM frequency of typically 24kHz. SPD - Speed Control Input The CPWM timing period (TPWM) is determined by the following equation: The voltage applied to the SPD pin provides control over the Fan Motor speed by varying the Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) drive ratio at the Ph1Lo and Ph2Lo outputs. The control signal takes the form of a voltage input of range 3V to 1V, representing 0% to 100% drive respectively. TPWM = (V THH - V THL ) x C (V THH - V THL ) x C + I PWMC I PWMD Where: If variable speed control is not required this pin can be left with an external potential divider to set a fixed speed or tied to ground to provide full speed i.e. 100% PWM drive. C = CPWM +15, in pF VTHH and VTHL are the CPWM pin threshold voltages IPWMC and IPWMD are the charge and discharge currents in A. TPWM is in ms ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 5 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXBM2004 FG - Frequency Generator (speed) output As these threshold voltages are nominally set to VTHH = 3V and VTHL = 1V the equations can be simplified as follows: TPWM = This is the Frequency Generator output and is a buffered signal from the Hall sensor. 2C 2C + I PWMC I PWMD This is an open collector drive giving an active pull down with the high level being provided by an external pull up resistor. CLCK - Locked rotor timing capacitor Ph1Lo & Ph2Lo - Driver Should the fan stop rotating for any reason, i.e. an obstruction in the fan blade or a seized bearing, then the device will enter a Rotor Locked condition. In this condition after a predetermined time (TLOCK) the RD pin will go high and the Phase outputs will be disabled. After a further delay (TOFF) the controller will re-enable the Phase drive for a defined period (TON) in an attempt to re-start the fan. This cycle of (TOFF) and (TON) will be repeated indefinitely or until the fan re-starts. This pair of outputs drive the external devices. These outputs provide both the commutation and PWM waveforms. The outputs are of the Darlington emitter follower type with an active pull-down to help faster switch off when using bipolar devices. When in the high state the outputs will provide up to 80mA of drive into the base or gates of external transistors as shown in the Typical Application circuit following. This is the device supply ground return pin and will generally be the most negative supply pin to the fan. When in the low state the active Phase drive is capable of sinking up to 16mA when driving low to aid turn off times during PWM operation. When the Phase is inactive the output is held low by an internal pull-down resistor. RD - Locked Rotor error output V+OP - Phase Outputs Supply Voltage This pin is the Locked Rotor output as referred to in the CLCK timing section above. It is high when the rotor is stopped and low when it is running. This pin is the supply to the Phase outputs and will be connected differently dependant upon external transistor type. This is an open collector drive giving an active pull down with the high level being provided by an external pull up resistor. For bipolar devices this pin will be connected by a resistor to the VCC pin. The resistor is used to control the current into the transistor base so its value is chosen accordingly. GND - Ground For MOSFET devices the pin will connect directly to the VCC pin. ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 SEMICONDUCTORS 6 ZXBM2004 VCC - Applied Voltage This is the device internal circuitry supply voltage. For 5V to 12V fans this can be supplied directly from the Fan Motor supply. For fans likely to run in excess of the 18V maximum rating for the device this will be supplied from an external regulator such as a Zener diode. RD Timing Waveform: Hall VTHH C LCK VTHL T Lock T Off TOn RD FG Applications Information A common form of control of fans is by a PWM signal derived from a central processor or controller. This signal can be converted into a voltage and that voltage adjusted as neccesary to compensate for motor none linearity, inclusion of the Minimum speed feature etc. The ZXBM2004 is primarily controlled by a voltage on the SPD pin. A voltage of 1V represents a 100% PWM at the Phase Outputs and in turn represents full speed. 3V on the SPD pin conversely represents 0% PWM. The motor can therefore be controlled simply by applying a control voltage onto the SPD pin with the minimal use of external components. Full applications details and further examples of how to control the ZXBM2004 are available in the Applications Notes AN41, AN42 and AN43. This voltage control method easily lends itself to control by other signal types. For example if a thermistor is applied to the SPD pin a varying voltage can be generated at the SPD pin as the resistance of the thermistor varies with temperature. ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 7 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXBM2004 Figure 1: 12V Typical circuit for thermistor controlled speed Figure 2: Typical circuit for external PWM controlled speed (single MOSFET) ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 SEMICONDUCTORS 8 ZXBM2004 Figure 3: Typical circuit for 48V input and external PWM control Figure 4: Typical circuit for constant speed operation ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 9 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXBM2004 Drive transisitors Zetex offers a range of devices that are ideally suited to interface between the ZXBM2004 controller and the motor. The following tables show a selection of products. If your needs are not covered by this selection then please refer to the the more comprehensive listings that can be found on the Zetex website: www.zetex.com MOSFETs Part Number Polarity N ZXMN10A09K BV DSS ID V A 100 7.7 R DS(on) @ V GS = 10 Package 0.085 DPAK N 100 2.4 0.35 SOT223 2xN 100 2.1 0.25 SO8 ZXMN10A07Z N 100 1.4 0.7 SOT89 ZXMN6A09K N 60 11.2 0.045 DPAK ZXMN10A11G ZXMN10A08DN8 2xN 60 4.7 0.055 SO8 ZXMN6A11Z N 60 3.2 0.14 SOT89 ZXMN6A07Z N 60 2.2 0.3 SOT89 Polarity V CEO IC A V CE(sat) @ I C /I B mV @ A/mA Package V ZXMN6A25DN8 Bipolar Transistors Part Number FZT855 NPN 150 4 65 @ 0.5/50 SOT223 FMMT624 NPN 125 1 150 @ 0.5/50 SOT23 ZX5T853G NPN 100 6 125 @ 2/100 SOT223 FCX493 NPN 100 1 300 @ 0.5/50 SOT89 FCX1053A NPN 75 3 200 @ 1/10 SOT89 ZX5T851G NPN 60 6 135 @ 2/50 SOT223 FCX493A NPN 60 1 500 @ 1/50 SOT89 FCX619 NPN 50 3 260 @ 2/50 SOT89 FMMT619 NPN 50 2 220 @ 2/50 SOT23 ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 SEMICONDUCTORS 10 ZXBM2004 Notes: ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 11 SEMICONDUCTORS ZXBM2004 PACKAGE OUTLINE QSOP16 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS Dim Millimeters Inches Min. Max. Min. Max. A 0.053 0.069 1.35 1.75 A1 0.004 0.010 0.10 0.25 A2 0.049 0.059 1.25 1.50 D 0.189 0.197 4.80 5.00 0.009 Ref ZD 0.23 BSC E 0.228 0.244 5.79 E1 0.150 0.157 3.81 3.99 L 0.016 0.050 0.41 1.27 e 0.025 BSC 6.20 0.64 BSC b 0.008 0.012 0.20 0.30 c 0.007 0.010 0.18 0.25 0 8 0 8 h 0.010 0.020 0.25 0.50 Note: Dimensions in inches are control dimensions, dimensions in millimeters are approximate. (c) Zetex Semiconductors plc 2005 Europe Americas Asia Pacific Corporate Headquaters Zetex GmbH Streitfeldstrae 19 D-81673 Munchen Germany Zetex Inc 700 Veterans Memorial Hwy Hauppauge, NY 11788 USA Zetex (Asia) Ltd 3701-04 Metroplaza Tower 1 Hing Fong Road, Kwai Fong Hong Kong Zetex Semiconductors plc Zetex Technology Park, Chadderton, Oldham, OL9 9LL United Kingdom Telefon: (49) 89 45 49 49 0 Fax: (49) 89 45 49 49 49 europe.sales@zetex.com Telephone: (1) 631 360 2222 Fax: (1) 631 360 8222 usa.sales@zetex.com Telephone: (852) 26100 611 Fax: (852) 24250 494 asia.sales@zetex.com Telephone (44) 161 622 4444 Fax: (44) 161 622 4446 hq@zetex.com These offices are supported by agents and distributors in major countries world-wide. This publication is issued to provide outline information only which (unless agreed by the Company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or be regarded as a representation relating to the products or services concerned. The Company reserves the right to alter without notice the specification, design, price or conditions of supply of any product or service. For the latest product information, log on to www.zetex.com ISSUE 3 - MAY 2005 SEMICONDUCTORS 12