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10
AAT3158
AAT3158 High Efficiency 1X/1.5X/2X Charge Pump for White LED Applications
Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • sales@skyworksinc.com • www.skyworksinc.com
202153A • Skyworks Proprietary Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • July 11, 2012
Applications Information
LED Selection
Although AAT3158 is specifically intended for driving
white LEDs, the device can also be used to drive most
types of LEDs with forward voltage specifications ranging
from 2.0V to 4.7V. LED applications may include main
and sub-LCD display backlighting, camera photo-flash
applications, color (RGB) LEDs, infrared (IR) diodes for
remotes, and other loads benefiting from a controlled
output current generated from a varying input voltage.
Since the D1 to D4 input current sinks are matched with
negligible voltage dependence, the LED brightness will be
matched regardless of the specific LED forward voltage
(VF) levels. In some instances (e.g., in high-luminous-
output applications such as photo flash), it may be neces-
sary to drive high-VF type LEDs. The low dropout current
sinks in the AAT3158 make it capable of driving LEDs
with forward voltages as high as 4.7V at full current from
an input supply as low as 3.0V. Outputs can be paralleled
to drive high-current LEDs without complication.
Device Switching Noise Performance
The AAT3158 operates at a fixed frequency of approxi-
mately 1MHz to control noise and limit harmonics that
can interfere with the RF operation of cellular telephone
handsets or other communication devices. Back-injected
noise appearing on the input pin of the charge pump is
20mV peak-to-peak, typically ten times less than induc-
tor-based DC/DC boost converter white LED backlight
solutions. The AAT3158 soft-start feature prevents noise
transient effects associated with inrush currents during
start-up of the charge pump circuit.
Capacitor Selection
Careful selection of the four external capacitors (CIN, C1,
C2, COUT) is important because they will affect turn-on
time, output ripple, and transient performance. Optimum
performance will be obtained when low Equivalent Series
Resistance (ESR) ceramic capacitors are used; in gen-
eral, low ESR may be defined as less than 100mW. A
value of 1µF for all four capacitors is a good starting
point when choosing capacitors. If the LED current
sources are only programmed for light current levels,
then the capacitor size may be decreased.
Capacitor Characteristics
Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recommended
over all other types of capacitors for use with the
AAT3158. Ceramic capacitors offer many advantages
over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counter-
parts. A ceramic capacitor typically has very low ESR, is
lowest cost, has a smaller PCB footprint, and is non-
polarized. Low ESR ceramic capacitors help maximize
charge pump transient response. Since ceramic capaci-
tors are non-polarized, they are not prone to incorrect
connection damage.
Equivalent Series Resistance
ESR is an important characteristic to consider when
selecting a capacitor. ESR is a resistance internal to a
capacitor that is caused by the leads, internal connec-
tions, size or area, material composition, and ambient
temperature. Capacitor ESR is typically measured in mil-
liohms for ceramic capacitors and can range to more
than several ohms for tantalum or aluminum electrolytic
capacitors.
Ceramic Capacitor Materials
Ceramic capacitors less than 0.1µF are typically made
from NPO or C0G materials. NPO and C0G materials
typically have tight tolerance and are stable over tem-
perature. Larger capacitor values are typically composed
of X7R, X5R, Z5U, or Y5V dielectric materials. Large
ceramic capacitors, typically greater than 2.2µF, are
often available in low-cost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics, but
capacitors greater than 1µF are typically not required for
AAT3158 applications. Capacitor area is another con-
tributor to ESR. Capacitors that are physically large will
have a lower ESR when compared to an equivalent
material smaller capacitor. These larger devices can
improve circuit transient response when compared to an
equal value capacitor in a smaller package size.