TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 1 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
Features
! Fully integrated, PLL-stabilized VCO
! Frequency range from 310 MHz to 440 MHz
! FSK through crystal pulling allows modulation
from DC to 40 kbit/s
! High FSK deviation possible for wideband data
transmission
! ASK achieved by on/off keying of internal
power amplifier
! FM possible with external varactor
! Wide power supply range from 2.2 V to 5.5 V
! High over-all frequency accuracy
! Very low standby current
! Adjustable output power range from
-12 dBm to +2 dBm
! Adjustable current consumption from
4.8 mA to 11.5 mA
! FSK deviation and center frequency independ-
ently adjustable
! Differential output well-suited for loop antenna
! External clock available for µC drive,
down to 1.9 V supply
! ”Clock only” mode
! Conforms to EN 300 220 and similar standards
Ordering I nformation
Part No. Temperature Code Package Code
TH7107 E (-40 C° to 85 °C) FC (QSOP16)
Application Examples Pin Description
! Keyless car and central locking
! Low-power telemetry
! Alarm and security systems
! General digital data transmission
! General analog audio signal transmission
General Description
The TH7107 FSK/ASK/FM transmitter IC is designed for applications in the European 433MHz industrial-
scientific-medical (ISM) band, according to the EN 300 220 telecommunications standard. It can also be
used for any other system with carrier frequencies ranging from 310 MHz to 440 MHz (e.g. for applications
in the US 315MHz ISM band).
The transmitter's carrier frequency fc is determined by the frequency of the reference crystal fref that is used.
The integrated PLL synthesizer ensures that each RF value, ranging from 310 MHz to 440 MHz, can be
achieved by using a crystal with reference frequency according to: fref = fc/N, where N = 32 is the PLL feed-
back divider ratio.
LF1 LF2
RO2
DATA
SUB
OUT1
VEE
VCC
TH7107
1
2
3
4
16
15
14
13
5
6
7
8
12
11
10
9
ENTX
RO1
CKOUT
ENCK
OUT2
PS
VCC
VEE
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 2 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
Document Content
1 Theory of Operation...................................................................................................3
1.1 General...............................................................................................................................3
1.2 Block Diagram....................................................................................................................3
2 Functional Description ..............................................................................................4
2.1 FSK Modulation..................................................................................................................4
2.2 Frequency Modulation........................................................................................................4
2.3 ASK Modulation..................................................................................................................4
2.4 Mode Control Logic.............................................................................................................4
3 Pin Definition and Description..................................................................................5
4 Electrical Characteristics ..........................................................................................7
4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings................................................................................................7
4.2 Normal Operating Condi tions..............................................................................................7
4.3 Crystal Parameters.............................................................................................................7
4.4 DC Characteristics..............................................................................................................8
4.5 AC Characteristics..............................................................................................................8
4.6 Output Power Selection......................................................................................................8
5 Crystal Pulling............................................................................................................9
5.1 Center Frequency as Function of CX1 and CX2.................................................................9
5.2 Frequency Deviation as Function of CX1 and CX2...........................................................10
6 Test Circuit ...............................................................................................................11
6.1 Test circuit component list (Fig. 4)....................................................................................11
7 Spectrum Plots.........................................................................................................12
8 Package Informat ion................................................................................................14
9 Reliability Information..............................................................................................15
10 ESD Precautions ......................................................................................................15
11 Disclaimer.................................................................................................................16
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 3 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
1 Theory of Operation
1.1 General
As depicted in Fig.1, the TH7107 transmitter consists of a fully integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO),
a divide-by-32 divider (div32), a phase-frequency detector (PFD) and a charge pump. An external loop filter
at pin LF determines the dynamic behavior of the PLL and suppresses reference spurious signals. The
VCO’s output signal feeds the power amplifier (PA). RF signal power Po can be adjusted in six steps from
Po = –12 dBm to +2 dBm either by changing the value of resistor RPS or by varying the voltage VPS at pin
PS. The open-collector differential output (OUT1, OUT2) can be used to either directly drive a loop antenna
or to be converted to a single-ended impedance by means of a balanced-to-unbalanced (balun) transformer.
For maximum available output power, the differential output should be matched to a load of about 1 kΩ.
Bandgap biasing ensures stable operation of the IC at a power supply range of 2.2 V to 5.5 V.
1.2 Block Diagram
Fig. 1: Block diagram with external components
LF1
116 2LF2 SUB
PA
mode
control
VCO
PFD
div32
charge
pump
RF1
RPS
CF2
CF1
VCC PS15 9
DATA
CKOUT
3
4
5
8
XOSC
div 4
RO2
RO1
XTAL
CX1
CX2
VCC 10
VEE
14
OUT1
OUT2 VCC
13
12
11
ENTX
VEE
ENCK
7
6
antenna
or
balun
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 4 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
2 Functional Description
2.1 FSK Modulation
A Colpitts crystal oscillator (XOSC) is used as the reference oscillator of a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthe-
sizer. FSK modulation is achieved by pulling the crystal (XTAL) through the data. So a CMOS-compatible
data stream applied at input DATA digitally modulates the XOSC. Two external pulling capacitors CX1 and
CX2 allow the FSK deviation and center frequency to be adjusted independently. At DATA = LOW CX2 is
connected in parallel to CX1 leading to the low-frequency component of the FSK spectrum (fmin); while at
DATA = HIGH CX2 is deactivated and the XOSC is set to its high frequency, leading to fmax.
An external reference signal can be directly AC-coupled to pin RO1. Then the TH7107 is used without an
XTAL. The reference signal has to contain the FSK (or FM) and sets the carrier frequency.
2.2 Frequency Modulation
For FM operation an external varactor is required. It simply acts as a pulling capacitor connected in series to
the crystal. Then the analog modulation signal, applied through a series resistor, directly modulates the
XOSC.
2.3 ASK Modulation
The TH7107 can be ASK-modulated by applying data directly at pin PS. This turns the PA on and off and
therefore leads to an ASK signal at the output.
2.4 Mode Control Logic
The mode control logic allows four different modes of operation as listed in the following table. The mode
control pins ENCK and ENTX are pulled-down internally. This guarantees that the whole circuit is shut down
if these pins are left floating.
The clock output CKOUT can be used to drive a µC. This output can be activated by the ENCK pin as re-
quired for any specific application. Clock frequency is 1/4 of the reference crystal frequency.
ENCK ENTX Mode Description
0 0 all OFF whole circuit in standby
0 1 TX only TX active, no clock available
1 0 clock only TX standby and clock available
1 1 all ON TX active and clock available
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 5 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
3 Pin Definition and Description
Pin No. Name I/O Type Functional Schematic Description
1 LF1 output
LF1
1
200
Ω
charge pump output, con-
nection to loop filter
2 SUB ground negative power supply, sub-
strate connection
3 DATA input
DATA
3
1.8k
FSK data input,
CMOS-compatible
4 RO2 analog I/O
RO2
4
XOSC FSK pulling pin,
MOS switch
5 RO1 analog I/O
RO1
5
28p
28p
37k
XOSC connection to XTAL,
Colpitts type crystal oscilla-
tor
6 ENTX input
ENTX
6
1.1k
mode control input, CMOS-
compatible with internal pull-
down
7 ENCK input
ENCK
7
1.1k
mode control input, CMOS-
compatible with internal pull-
down
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 6 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
Pin No. Name I/O Type Functional Schematic Description
8 CKOUT output
CKOUT
8
200
Ω
clock output,
CMOS-compatible
9 PS analog I/O
PS
9
200
Ω
20µA
power-select and ASK input,
high-impedance comparator
logic
TX standby: IPS = 0
TX active: IPS = 20µA
10 VCC supply positive power supply
11 VEE ground negative power supply
12 OUT2 output differential power amplifier
output, open collector
13 OUT1 output
VCC
VEE
VEE
VCC
OUT2
12
VEE
13
OUT1
differential power amplifier
output, open collector
14 VEE ground negative power supply
15 VCC supply positive power supply
16 LF2 input
LF2
16
200
Ω
5p
VCO tuning input, connec-
tion from loop filter
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 7 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
4 Electrical Characteristics
4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Max Unit
Supply voltage VCC 0 7.0 V
Input voltage VIN -0.3 VCC+0.3 V
Storage temperature TSTG -65 150 °C
Junction temperature TJ 150 °C
Thermal Resistance RthJA 112 K/W
Power dissipation Pdiss 0.12 W
VESD1 human body model, 1) -1.0 +1.0
Electrostatic discharge VESD2 human body model, 2) -0.75 +0.75 kV
1) all pins except OUT1, OUT2 2) pins OUT1, OUT2
4.2 Normal Operating Conditions
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Max Unit
Supply voltage VCC 2.2 5.5 V
Operating temperature TA -40 85 °C
Input low voltage CMOS VIL ENTX, ENCK, DTA pins 0.3*VCC V
Input high voltage CMOS VIH ENTX, ENCK, DTA pins 0.7*VCC V
XOSC frequency fref set by the crystal 9.7 13.75 MHz
VCO frequency fc fc = 32 • fref 310 440 MHz
Clock frequency fclk f
c = fref / 4 2.4 3.4 MHz
FSK deviation ∆fFSK depends on CX1, CX2 and
crystal parameter ±5 ±100 kHz
Data rate FSK RFSK NRZ 40 kbit/s
FM deviation ∆fFM adjustable with V1 and CX3 ±6 kHz
Modulation frequency FM fmod 5 kHz
Data rate ASK RASK NRZ 40 kbit/s
4.3 Crystal Parameters
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Max Unit
Crystal frequency f0 fundamental mode, AT 9.7 13.75 MHz
Load capacitance CL 10 15 pF
Static capacitance C0 7 pF
Resonance resistance R1 60 Ω
Spurious response aspur only required for FSK -10 dB
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 8 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
4.4 DC Characteristics
all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated;
typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit
Standby current ISBY ENCK=0, ENTX=0 0.05 0.1 µA
Clock only current ICLK ENCK=1, ENTX=0 0.7 0.9 1.6 mA
Operating current ICC ENCK=x, ENTX=1,
RPS=56kΩ
6 8.6 12 mA
Input current IIN DATA=x, ENCK=0,
ENTX=0
-1 1 µA
Pull down current IPD ENCK=1, ENTX=1 3 8 30 µA
Pull up current IPS ENCK=1, ENTX=1 14 20 24 µA
MOS switch On resistance RON DATA=0, ENTX=1 10 25 80 Ω
4.5 AC Characteristics
all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated;
typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V;
ENCK = 1, ENTX = 1, RPS = 56 kΩ, fc = 433.6 MHz, test circuit shown in Fig. 4
Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit
Output power Po -1 dBm
Reference spurs Pref @ fc ± fref -44 dBm
Clock spurs Pclk @ fc ± fclk -44 dBm
Harmonic content Pharm @ 2fc , 3fc , 4fc -40 dBm
Spurious output signal Poff VPS ≤ 0.1V -60 dBm
Phase noise PN @ fc ± 200kHz -83 -79 dBc/Hz
VCO gain KVCO 200 MHz/V
Charge pump current ICP ±260 µA
Clock voltage swing VCKOUT C
load = 5pF 2 Vpp
Start-up time ton from ”all OFF” to any
other mode
1.2 1.4 ms
4.6 Output Power Selection
typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V:
ENCK = 1, ENTX = 1, fc = 433.6 MHz, test circuit shown in Fig. 4
RPS / kΩ
ΩΩ
Ω
≥
≥≥
≥ 68 56 47 39 27 15
VPS/ V ≥
≥≥
≥ 2 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3
Icc / mA 11.5 8.6 7.3 6.2 5.3 4.8
Po / dBm 2 -1 -4 -7 -10 -12
Pharm / dBm ≤-40 ≤-40 ≤-40 ≤-45 ≤-45 ≤-50
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 9 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
5 Crystal Pulling
5.1 Center Frequency as Function of CX1 and CX2
The center frequency fC is defined as (fmax + fmin) /2.
typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V:
XTAL = 13.55 MHz, Cload = 15 pF, shown in Fig. 2
CX2 = 1 nF CX2 = 100 pF CX2 = 47 pF
CX1 / pF fC / MHz fC / MHz fC / MHz
22 433.612 433.619 433.625
32 433.604 433.610 433.614
40 433.598 433.604 433.608
49 433.596 433.601 433.604
61 433.593 433.598 433.600
104 433.587
Fig. 2: Center frequency vs. CX1, at different CX2
433.590
433.595
433.600
433.605
433.610
433.615
433.620
433.625
433.630
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Cx1/pF
Cx2 = 1nF
CX2 = 100pF
Cx2 = 47pF
f/ M
H
z
C
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 10 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
5.2 Frequency Deviation as Function of CX1 and CX2
The frequency deviation ∆f is defined as (fmax - fmin) /2.
typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V:
XTAL = 13.55 MHz, Cload = 15 pF, shown in Fig. 3
CX2 = 1 nF CX2 = 100 pF CX2 = 47 pF
CX1 / pF ±
±±
± ∆
∆∆
∆f / kHz ±
±±
± ∆
∆∆
∆f / kHz ±
±±
± ∆
∆∆
∆f / kHz
22 34 27 21
32 25 19 14
40 20 14 10
49 17 11.5 8
61 13 9 5.5
104 8
Fig. 3: Frequency deviation vs. CX1, at different CX2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Cx1/pF
Cx2 = 1nF
CX2 = 100pF
Cx2 = 47pF
f / kHz
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 11 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
6 Test Circuit
Fig. 4: Test circuit for FSK, ASK and FM;
with 50Ω matching network
6.1 Test circuit component list (Fig. 4)
Part Size Value Tolerance Description
CF1 0603 10 nF ±10% loop filter capacitor
CF2 0603 12 pF ±10% loop filter capacitor
CX1_FSK 0603 39 pF ±5% XOSC capacitor for FSK (∆f = ±20 kHz), note 1
CX1_ASK 0603 68 pF ±5% XOSC capacitor for ASK, trimmed to fC, note 1
CX2 0603 1 nF ±5% XOSC capacitor (for FSK only), note 1
CX3 0603 1 nF ±10% XOSC capacitor (for FM only)
C1 0603 2.7 pF ±5% impedance matching capacitor
C2 0805 0.68 pF ±5% impedance matching capacitor
C3 0805 3.9 pF ±5% impedance matching capacitor
C4 0603 150 pF ±5% impedance matching capacitor
C5 0603 330 pF ±10% blocking capacitor
C6 0603 330 pF ±10% blocking capacitor
C7 1206 220 nF ±20% blocking capacitor
L1 0603 22 nH ±5% impedance matching inductor
L2 0603 22 nH ±5% impedance matching inductor
L3 0805 33 nH ±5% impedance matching inductor
RF1 0805 2.0 kΩ ±10% loop filter resistor
RF2 0805 4.3 kΩ ±10% loop filter resistor
RPS 0805 56 kΩ ±10% power-select resistor
R1 0805 470 kΩ ±10% optional pull-up resistor
R2 0805 30 kΩ ±10% varactor bias resistor, (for FM only)
R3 0805 0 Ω ±10% ASK jumper, (for ASK only)
V1 SOD323 BB535 varactor diode (for FM only)
XTAL HC49/S
13.55 MHz
fundamental wave ±30ppm calibr.
±30ppm temp.
crystal, Cload = 12 pF to 15 pF, C0, max = 7 pF,
Rm, max = 40 Ω
Note 1: value depends on crystal parameters
LF2
VCC
VCC
PS
VEE
VEE
OUT1
OUT2
ENTX
SUB
LF1
DATA
RO1
RO2
ENCK
CKOUT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
XTAL
CX2
CX1
RF1
R2
R3
CX3
R1
CF1
CF2
C7
RPS
8
RF2
V1
ENTX
GND
CKOUT
GND
ENCK
GND
VCC
121212 3
VCC
GND
12
FSK
GND
12
FM/ASK
GND
12
L2 C6
L1
C5
C1
OUT
L3
C3
C4
C2
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 12 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
7 Spectrum Plots
All plots depict TH7107‘s typical performance at VCC = 3.0 V and TA = 23 °C,
derived with the test circuit shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 5: RF output signal and spurious emissions, CW mode (DATA = HIGH)
Fig. 6: Single-sideband phase noise at 500 kHz offset, CW mode (DATA = HIGH)
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 13 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
Fig. 7: FSK modulation with RFSK = 6.6 kbit/s NRZ
Fig. 8: ASK modulation with RASK = 4 kbit/s NRZ
Fig. 9: FM with fmod = 2 kHz, FM input signal with 1 Vpp around 1.5 VDC, DATA = HIGH
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 14 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
8 Package Information
Fig. 10: QSOP16 (Quarter size Small Outline Package)
all Dimension in mm, coplanarity < 0.1mm
D E1 E A A1 A2 e b ZD C L α
αα
α
min 4.80 3.81 5.79 1.35 0.10 1.37 0.20 0.19 0.40 0°
max 4.98 3.99 6.20 1.75 0.25 1.50
0.635 0.30 0.230 0.25 1.27 8°
all Dimension in inch, coplanarity < 0.004”
min 0.189 0.150 0.228 0.0532 0.0040 0.054 0.008 0.075 0.016 0°
max 0.196 0.157 0.244 0.0688 0.0098 0.059
0.025 0.012 0.009 0.098 0.050 8°
7°
3°
+
7°
L0.254
(0.010)
DETAIL-A
0.36 x 45°
(0.0014x45°)
BSC
DETAIL-A
C
E
b
ZD
e
D
1
16
E1
A1
A2
A
.10 (.004)
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 15 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
9 Reliability Information
Melexis devices are classified and qualified regarding suitability for infrared, vapor phase and wave soldering
with usual (63/37 SnPb-) solder (melting point at 183degC).
The following test methods are applied:
• IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020A (issue April 1999)
Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification For Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices
• CECC00802 (issue 1994)
Standard Method For The Specification of Surface Mounting Components (SMDs) of Assessed Quality
• MIL 883 Method 2003 / JEDEC-STD-22 Test Method B102
Solderability
For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak
temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests
have to be agreed upon with Melexis.
The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of
adhesive strength between device and board.
For more information on manufacturability/solderability see quality page at our website:
http://www.melexis.com/
10 ESD Precautions
Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD).
Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products.
Your Notes
TH7107
315/433MHz
FSK/FM/ASK Tr ansmitter
3901007107 Page 16 of 16 Data Sheet
Rev. 008 May/03
11 Disclaimer
Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its
Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the
information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement.
Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior
to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This
product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature
range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-
support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by
Melexis for each application.
The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be
liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property
damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential
damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical
data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering
of technical or other services.
© 2002 Melexis NV. All rights reserved.
For the latest version of this document. Go to our website at
www.melexis.com
Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct:
Europe and Japan: All other locations:
Phone: +32 1367 0495 Phone: +1 603 223 2362
E-mail: sales_europe@melexis.com E-mail: sales_usa@melexis.com
QS9000, VDA6.1 and ISO14001 Certified
