D=P
OUT
P
IN
=IL2RL
IL2RL+ IL2ROUT + IQ(V+)
V
RIPPLE =
IL
&OSC × C2
+ 2 × IL× ESRC2
ROUT 2RSW +
2
&OSC × C1
+ 4ESRC1 + ESRC2
LM2767
SNVS069D –FEBRUARY 2000–REVISED AUGUST 2015
www.ti.com
The output characteristics of this circuit can be approximated by an ideal voltage source in series with a
resistance. The voltage source equals 2 V+. The output resistance Rout is a function of the ON resistance of the
internal MOSFET switches, the oscillator frequency, and the capacitance and ESR of C1and C2. Because the
switching current charging and discharging C1is approximately twice the output current, the effect of the ESR of
the pumping capacitor C1is multiplied by four in the output resistance. The output capacitor C2is charging and
discharging at a current approximately equal to the output current, therefore, its ESR only counts once in the
output resistance. A good approximation of Rout is:
where
• RSW is the sum of the ON resistance of the internal MOSFET switches shown in Figure 11. (1)
The peak-to-peak output voltage ripple is determined by the oscillator frequency as well as the capacitance and
ESR of the output capacitor C2:
(2)
High capacitance, low ESR capacitors can reduce both the output resistance and the voltage ripple.
The Schottky diode D1is only needed to protect the device from turning on its own parasitic diode and potentially
latching up. During start-up, D1also quickly charges up the output capacitor to VIN minus the diode drop thereby
decreasing the start-up time. Therefore, the Schottky diode D1must have enough current carrying capability to
charge the output capacitor at start-up, as well as a low forward voltage to prevent the internal parasitic diode
from turning on. A Schottky diode like 1N5817 can be used for most applications. If the input voltage ramp is less
than 10 V/ms, a smaller Schottky diode like MBR0520LT1 can be used to reduce the circuit size.
9.2.2.2 Capacitor Selection
As discussed in Positive Voltage Doubler, the output resistance and ripple voltage are dependent on the
capacitance and ESR values of the external capacitors. The output voltage drop is the load current times the
output resistance, and the power efficiency is
where
• IQ(V+) is the quiescent power loss of the device; and
• IL2Rout is the conversion loss associated with the switch on-resistance, the two external capacitors and their
ESRs. (3)
The selection of capacitors is based on the allowable voltage droop (which equals Iout Rout), and the desired
output voltage ripple. Low-ESR capacitors (Table 2) are recommended to maximize efficiency, reduce the output
voltage drop and voltage ripple.
Table 2. Low-ESR Capacitor Manufacturers
MANUFACTURER PHONE WEBSITE CAPACITOR TYPE
Nichicon Corp. (847)-843-7500 www.nichicon.com PL & PF series, through-hole aluminum electrolytic
AVX Corp. (843)-448-9411 www.avxcorp.com TPS series, surface-mount tantalum
Sprague (207)-324-4140 www.vishay.com 593D, 594D, 595D series, surface-mount tantalum
Sanyo (619)-661-6835 www.sanyovideo.com OS-CON series, through-hole aluminum electrolytic
Murata (800)-831-9172 www.murata.com Ceramic chip capacitors
Taiyo Yuden (800)-348-2496 www.t-yuden.com Ceramic chip capacitors
Tokin (408)-432-8020 www.tokin.com Ceramic chip capacitors
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