XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System October 2012 Rev. 1.0.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION APPLICATIONS The XRP7724 is a quad channel Digital Pulse Width Modulated (DPWM) Step down (buck) controller. A wide 4.75V to 5.5V and 5.5V to 25V input voltage dual range allows for single supply operation from standard power rails. With integrated FET gate drivers, two LDOs for standby power and a 105kHz to 1.23MHz independent channel to channel programmable constant operating frequency, the XRP7724 reduces overall component count and solution footprint and optimizes conversion efficiencies. A selectable digital Pulse Frequency Mode (DPFM) capable of better than 80% efficiency at light current load and low operating current allow for portable and Energy Star compliant applications. Each XRP7724 output channel is individually programmable as low as 0.6V with a resolution as fine as 2.5mV, and configurable for precise soft start and soft stop sequencing, including delay and ramp control. The XRP7724 operations are fully controlled via a SMBus-compliant I2C interface allowing for advanced local and/or remote reconfiguration, full performance monitoring and reporting as well as fault handling. Built-in independent output over voltage, over temperature, over-current and under voltage lockout protections insure safe operation under abnormal operating conditions. The XRP7724 is offered in a RoHS compliant, "green"/halogen free 44-pin TQFN package. Servers Base Stations Switches/Routers Broadcast Equipment Industrial Control Systems Automatic Test Equipment Video Surveillance Systems FEATURES Quad Channel Step-down Controller Digital PWM 105kHz-1.23MHz Operations Individual Channel Frequency Selection Patented digital PFM with Ultrasonic mode Patented Over Sampling Feedback Integrated MOSFET Drivers Programmable 5 coefficient PID control 4.75V to 25V Input Voltage 4.75V-5.5 and 5.5V-25V Input Ranges 0.6V to 5.5V Output voltage SMBus Compliant - I2C Interface Full Power Monitoring and Reporting 3 x 15V Capable PSIO + 2 x GPIOs Full Start/Stop Sequencing Support Built-in Thermal, Over-Current, UVLO and Output Over-Voltage Protections On Board 5V and 3.3V Standby LDOs On Board Non-volatile Memory Supported by PowerArchitectTM TYPICAL APPLICATION DIAGRAM Fig. 1: XRP7724 Application Diagram Exar Corporation 48720 Kato Road, Fremont CA 94538, USA www.exar.com Tel. +1 510 668-7000 - Fax. +1 510 668-7001 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OPERATING RATINGS These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these ratings or any other above those indicated in the operation sections of the specifications below is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability. Input Voltage Range VCC ............................... 5.5V to 25V Input Voltage Range VCC = LDO5 ................ 4.75V to 5.5V VOUT1, 2, 3, 4 ...................................................... 5.5V Junction Temperature Range ....................-40C to 125C JEDEC Thermal Resistance JA ..........................30.2C/W VCCD, LDO5, LDO3_3, GLx, VOUTx ............. -0.3V to 7.0V ENABLE, 5V_EXT ....................................... -0.3V to 7.0V GPIO0/1, SCL, SDA................................................ 6.0V PSIOs Inputs, BFB .................................................. 18V DVDD, AVDD ........................................................ 2.0V VCC ...................................................................... 28V LX# ............................................................. -1V to 28V BSTx, GHx .................................................... VLXx + 6V Storage Temperature .............................. -65C to 150C Power Dissipation ................................ Internally Limited Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec).................... 300C ESD Rating (HBM - Human Body Model) .................... 2kV ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Specifications with standard type are for an Operating Junction Temperature of T J = 25C only; limits applying over the full Operating Junction Temperature range are denoted by a "*". Minimum and Maximum limits are guaranteed through test, design, or statistical correlation. Typical values represent the most likely parametric norm at T J = 25C, and are provided for reference purposes only. Unless otherwise indicated, V CC = 5.5V to 25V, 5V EXT open. Note that in cases where there is a discrepancy in values shown in this section and other sections of the datasheet, the values in the Electrical Specification section shall be deemed correct and supersede the other values. QUIESCENT CURRENT Parameter Min. VCC Supply Current in SHUTDOWN ENABLE Turn On Threshold ENABLE Pin Leakage Current Typ. Max. Units 10 20 A 0.95 V 10 uA 0.82 Conditions EN = 0V, VCC = 12V VCC = 12V Enable Rising EN=5V EN=0V -10 LDO3_3 disabled, all channels disabled VCC Supply Current in STANDBY 440 600 A GPIOs programmed as inputs VCC=12V,EN = 5V VCC Supply Current 2ch PFM 3.1 mA 2 channels on set at 5V, VOUT forced to 5.1V, no load, non-switching, Ultra-sonic off, VCC=12 V, No I2C activity. VCC Supply Current 4ch PFM 4.0 mA 4 channels on set at 5V, VOUT forced to 5.1V, no load, non-switching, Ultra-sonic off, VCC=12V, No I2C activity. VCC Supply Current ON 18 mA All channels enabled, Fsw=600kHz, gate drivers unloaded, No I2C activity. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 2/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System INPUT VOLTAGE RANGE AND UNDERVOLTAGE LOCKOUT Parameter VCC Range Min. Typ. Max. Units 5.5 25 V 4.75 5.5 V Conditions * * With VCC connected to LDO5 VOLTAGE FEEDBACK ACCURACY AND OUTPUT VOLTAGE SET POINT RESOLUTION Parameter VOUT Regulation Accuracy Low Output Range 0.6V to 1.6V PWM Operation VOUT Regulation Accuracy Mid Output Range 0.6V to 3.2V PWM Operation VOUT Regulation Accuracy High Output Range 0.6V to 5.5V PWM Operation VOUT Regulation Range Min. Typ. -5 -20 -7.5 -22.5 -15 -45 -20 -50 -30 -90 -40 -100 0.6 Max. Units 5 20 7.5 22.5 15 45 20 50 30 90 40 100 5.5 mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV V Conditions * * * * * * * 0.6 VOUT 1.6V 0.6 VOUT 1.6V VCC=LDO5 0.6 VOUT 3.2V 0.6 VOUT 3.2V VCC=LDO5 0.6 VOUT 5.5V 0.6 VOUT 4.2V VCC=LDO5 Without external divider network 12.5 25 50 mV Low Range Mid Range High Range VOUT Fine Set Point Resolution1 2.5 5 10 mV Low Range Mid Range High Range VOUT Input Resistance 120 90 75 k Low Range Mid Range High Range VOUT Input Resistance in PFM Operation 10 1 0.67 M Low Range Mid Range High Range VOUT Native Set Point Resolution Power Good and OVP Set Point Range (from set point) -155 -310 -620 157.5 315 630 mV Low Range Mid Range High Range Power Good and OVP Set Point Accuracy -5 -10 -20 5 10 20 mV Low Range Mid Range High Range 16 V BFB Set Point Range 9 BFB Set Point Resolution BFB Accuracy 1 -0.5 V 0.5 V Note 1: Fine Set Point Resolution not available in PFM (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 3/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System CURRENT AND AUX ADC (MONITORING ADCS) Parameter Current Sense Accuracy Min. Typ. Max. Units -3.75 -10 -5 -12.5 1.25 3.75 10 5 +12.5 mV mV mV mV LSB 2.5 Current Sense ADC INL +/-0.4 Conditions * Low Range (120mV) Note 2 -60mV applied * High Range (280mV) -150mV DNL 0.27 Current Limit Set Point Resolution and Current Sense ADC Resolution 1.25 mV Low Range (120mV) 2.5 mV High Range (280mV) mV Low Range (120mV) Current Sense ADC Range -120 20 -280 40 15 30 60 VOUT ADC Resolution VOUT ADC Accuracy High Range (280mV) Low Range Mid Range High Range mV -1 1 LSB VCC ADC Range 4.6 25 V Note 3 UVLO WARN SET 4.4 4.72 V UVLO WARN set point 4.6V, VCC=LDO5 UVLO WARN CLEAR 4.4 4.72 V UVLO WARN set point 4.6V, VCC=LDO5 UVLO FAULT SET (Note 4) 4.2 4.55 V UVLO FAULT set point 4.4V, VCC=LDO5 VCC ADC Resolution VCC ADC Accuracy 200 1 -1 Die Temp ADC Resolution Die Temp ADC Range mV 5 Vin <= 20V C 156 -44 LSB C Output value is in Kelvin Note 2: Final test limits are 2.5mV or 2 LSB Note 3: Although Range of VCC ADC is technically 0V to 25V, below 4.55 the LDO5 hardware UVLO may have tripped. Note 4: This test ensures an UVLO FAULT flag will be given before the LDO5 hardware UVLO trips. LINEAR REGULATORS Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Conditions 4.85 5.0 5.15 V * 5.5V VCC 25V 0mA < ILDO5OUT < 130mA, LDO3_3 Off LDO5 Current Limit 135 155 180 mA * LDO5 Fault Set LDO5 UVLO 4.74 V * VCC Rising LDO5 Output Voltage LDO5 PGOOD Hysteresis 375 LDO5 Bypass Switch Resistance 1.1 Bypass Switch Activation Threshold 2.5 Bypass Switch Activation Hysteresis mV 1.5 2.5 % 150 VCC Falling * V5EXT Rising, % of threshold setting V5EXT Falling mV 3.45 V * 4.6V LDO5 5.5V 0mA < ILDO3_3OUT < 50mA 85 mA * LDO3_3 Fault Set Maximum total LDO loading during ENABLE start-up 30 mA (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 4/29 LDO3_3 Output Voltage LDO3_3 Current Limit 3.15 53 3.3 ENABLE transition from logic low to high. Once LDO5 in regulation above limits apply. Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System PWM GENERATORS AND OSCILLATOR Parameter Max. Units 105 1230 kHz fsw Accuracy -5 5 % CLOCK IN Synchronization Frequency 20 25.7 31 MHz When synchronizing to an external clock (Range 1) CLOCK IN Synchronization Frequency 10 12.8 15.5 MHz When synchronizing to an external clock (Range 2) Min. Typ. Max. Units 0.8 V 1 A 0.4 V ISINK = 1mA V ISOURCE = 1mA 3.6 V ISOURCE = 0mA 10 A Switching Frequency (fsw) Range Min. Typ. Conditions Steps defined in table GPIOS5 Parameter Input Pin Low Level Input Pin High Level V 2.0 Input Pin Leakage Current Output Pin Low Level Output Pin High Level 2.4 Output Pin High Level Conditions 3.3 Output Pin High-Z leakage Current (GPIO pins only) Maximum Sink Current Open Drain Mode 1 mA 30 MHz Max. Units 0.8 V 1 A Output Pin Low Level 0.4 V ISINK = 3mA Output Pin High Level 15 V Open Drain. External pull-up resistor to user supply Output Pin High-Z leakage Current (PSIO pins only) 10 A 5 MHz I/O Frequency Note 5: 3.3V CMOS logic compatible, 5V tolerant. PSIOS6 Parameter Min. Input Pin Low Level Input Pin High Level Input Pin Leakage Current I/O Frequency Typ. Conditions V 2.0 Note 6: 3.3V/5.0V CMOS logic compatible, maximum rating of 15.0V (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 5/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System SMBUS (I2C) INTERFACE Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units 0.3 VIO V VIO = 3.3 V 10% 0.7 VIO V VIO = 3.3 V10% 0.05 VIO V VIO = 3.3 V10% 0.4 V ISINK = 3mA -10 10 A Input is between 0.1 VIO and 0.9 VIO 20 + 0.1 Cb 250 ns With a bus capacitance (Cb)from 10 pF to 400 pF 1 pF Max. Units Input Pin Low Level, VIL Input Pin High Level, V IH Hysteresis of Schmitt Trigger inputs, Vhys Output Pin Low Level (open drain or collector), VOL Input leakage current Output fall time from VIHmin to VILmax Internal Pin Capacitance Conditions GATE DRIVERS Parameter Min. Typ. GH, GL Rise Time 17 ns GH, GL Fall Time 11 ns GH, GL Pull-Up On-State Output Resistance 4 5 GH, GL Pull-Down On-State Output Resistance 2 2.5 GH, GL Pull-Down Resistance in Off-Mode Conditions At 10-90% of full scale, 1nF Cload 50 k 9 @ 10mA Minimum On Time 50 ns 1nF of gate capacitance. Minimum Off Time Bootstrap diode forward resistance VCC = VCCD = 0V. 125 ns 1nF of gate capacitance Minimum Programmable Dead Time 20 ns Maximum Programmable Dead Time Tsw Does not include dead time variation from driver output stage Tsw=switching period Programmable Dead Time Adjustment Step 607 (c) 2012 Exar Corporation ps 6/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System BLOCK DIAGRAM BST1 Channel 1 VOUT1 Feedback ADC PreScaler 1/2/4 GH1 Digital PID GL1 GL_RTN1 Current ADC SS & PD VOUT3 Gate Driver Dead Time VCC VREF DAC LX1 Hybrid DPWM VCCD1-2 Channel 2 VOUT3 Channel 3 VCCD3-4 VOUT4 Channel 4 Vout1 4uA Vout2 ENABLE Internal POR Vout3 MUX GPIO 0-1 NVM (FLASH) Sequencing PSIO Configuration Registers PWR Good I2C LOGIC CLOCK GPIO PSIO 0-2 SDA,SCL Vout4 Vtj BFB Fault Handling OTP UVLO OCP OVP VCC LDO5 5V LDO LDO3_3 3.3V LDO Fig. 2: XRP7724 Block Diagram LDO BLOCK DIAGRAM VCCD3-4 VCCD1-2 LDO5 AVDD DVDD 1.8V Regulator Gate Drivers 1.8V Analog 5V Blocks PSIO 3.3V Regulator VCC 5V LDO 3.3V GPIO 1.8V Digital LDO3_3 3.3V LDO + - 4.75V - 4.9V V5EXT Fig. 3: XRP7724 LDO Block Diagram (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 7/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System PIN ASSIGNMENT LDO5 V5EXT BFB VCC ENABLE GL_RTN1 GL1 LX1 GH1 BST1 VCCD1-2 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 LDO3_3 1 33 GL_RTN2 AGND 2 32 GL2 CPLL 3 31 LX2 AVDD 4 30 GH2 VOUT1 5 29 BST2 VOUT2 6 28 GL_RTN3 VOUT3 7 27 GL3 VOUT4 8 26 LX3 GPIO0 9 25 GH3 XRP7724 TQFN 7mm X 7mm Exposed Pad: AGND GPIO1 10 24 BST3 SDA 11 23 VCCD3-4 GL_RTN4 GH4 22 19 BST4 GL4 18 DGND 21 17 DVDD LX4 16 PSIO2 20 15 PSIO0 PSIO1 13 SCL 14 12 Fig. 4: XRP7724 Pin Assignment PIN DESCRIPTION Name Pin Number Description VCC 41 Input voltage. Place a decoupling capacitor close to the controller IC. This input is used in UVLO fault generation. DVDD 16 1.8V supply input for digital circuitry. Connect pin to AVDD. Place a decoupling capacitor close to the controller IC. Gate Drive supply. Two independent gate drive supply pins where pin 34 supplies drivers 1 and 2 and pin 23 supplies drivers 3 & 5. One of the two pins must be connected to the LDO5 pin to enable two power rails initially. It is recommended that the other VCCD pin be connected to the output of a 5V switching rail(for improved efficiency or for driving larger external FETs), if available, otherwise this pin may also be connected to the LDO5 pin. A bypass capacitor (>1uF) to PAD is recommended for each VCCD pin with the pin(s) connected to LDO5 with shortest possible length of etch. VCCD1-2 VCCD3-4 23,34 AGND 2 GL_RTN1-4 39,33, 28,22 Ground connection for the low side gate driver. This should be routed as a signal trace with GL. Connect to the source of the low side MOSFET. GL1-GL4 38,32, 27,21 Output pin of the low side gate driver. Connect directly to the gate of an external Nchannel MOSFET. GH1-GH4 36,30, 25,19 Output pin of the high side gate driver. Connect directly to the gate of an external Nchannel MOSFET. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation Analog ground pin. This is the small signal ground connection. 8/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System Name Pin Number Description 37,31, 26,20 Lower supply rail for the GH high-side gate driver. Connect this pin to the switching node at the junction between the two external power MOSFETs and the inductor. These pins are also used to measure voltage drop across bottom MOSFETs in order to provide output current information to the control engine. BST1-BST4 35,29, 24,18 High side driver supply pin(s). Connect BST to the external capacitor as shown in the Typical Application Circuit on page 2. The high side driver is connected between the BST pin and LX pin and delivers the BST pin voltage to the high side FET gate each cycle. GPI0-GPIO1 9,10 These pins can be configured as inputs or outputs to implement custom flags, power good signals, enable/disable controls and synchronization to an external clock. LX1-LX4 Open drain, these pins can be on and off, shedding the load configures as standard logic configured, but as open drains used to control external power MOSFETs to switch loads for fine grained power management. They can also be outputs or inputs just as any of the GPIOs can be require an external pull-up when configured as outputs. PSIO0-PSIO2 13,14,15 SDA, SCL 11,12 VOUT1-VOUT4 5,6,7,8 Connect to the output of the corresponding power stage. The output is sampled at least once every switching cycle LDO5 44 Output of a 5V LDO. This is a micro power LDO that can remain active while the rest of the IC is in shutdown. This LDO is also used to power the internal Analog Blocks. LDO3_3 1 Output of the 3.3V standby LDO. This is a micro power LDO that can remain active while the rest of the IC is in shutdown. ENABLE 40 If ENABLE is pulled high or allowed to float high, the chip is powered up (logic is reset, registers configuration loaded, etc.). The pin must be held low for the XRP7724 to be placed into shutdown. BFB 42 Input from the 15V output created by the external boost supply. When this pin goes below a pre-defined threshold, a pulse is created on the low side drive to charge this output back to the original level. If not used, this pin should be connected to GND. DGND 17 Digital ground pin. This is the logic ground connection, and should be connected to the ground plane close to the PAD. CPLL 3 V5EXT 43 AVDD 4 PAD 45 SMBus/I2C serial interface communication pins. Connect to a 2.2nF capacitor to GND. External 5V that can be provided. If one of the output channels is configured for 5V, then this voltage can be fed back to this pin for reduced operating current of the chip and improved efficiency. Output of the internal 1.8V LDO. AVDD and AGND close to the chip. A decoupling capacitor should be placed between This is the die attach paddle, which is exposed on the bottom of the part. externally to the ground plane. Connect ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number Temperature Range Marking Package Packing Quantity Note 1 I2C Default Address XRP7724ILB-F Bulk Halogen Free -40CTJ+125C XRP7724ILB 0x28 (7Bit) 44-pin TQFN YYWW X Halogen Free 2.5K/Tape & Reel -40CTJ+125C Evaluation kit includes XRP7724EVB-DEMO-1 Evaluation Board with Power XRP7724EVB-DEMO-2P-KIT Architect software and XRP77XXEVB-XCM (USB to I2C Exar Configuration Module) XRP7724ILBTR-F "YY" = Year - "WW" = Work Week - "X" = Lot Number; when applicable. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 9/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS All data taken at VCC = 12V, TJ = TA = 25C, unless otherwise specified - Schematic and BOM from XRP7724EVB. See XRP7724EVB-DEMO-1 Manual. Fig. 5: PFM to PWM Transition Fig. 6 PWM to PFM Transition Fig. 7 0-6A Transient 300kHz PWM only Fig. 8 10-6A Transient 300kHz with OVS 5.5% Fig. 9 Sequential Start-up Fig. 10 Sequential Shut Down (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 10/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System Example Fig. 11: Simultaneous Start-up Fig. 12 Simultaneous Shut Down Fig. 13: PFM Zero Current Accuracy Fig. 14: LDO5 Brown Out Recovery, No Load 1.00 0.95 0.90 Vin=25V Rising 0.85 Vin=25V Falling 0.80 0.75 Vin=4.75 V Rising 0.70 Vin=4.75 V Falling 0.65 0.60 -40C 25C 85C 125C Fig. 15: Enable Threshold Over Temp (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 11/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System FEATURES AND BENEFITS System Integration Capabilities Single supply operation Programmable Power Benefits I2C interface allows: Communication with a System Controller or other Power Management devices for optimized system function Fully Configurable Output set point Feedback compensation Frequency set point Access to modify or read internal registers that control or monitor: Under voltage lock out Input voltage measurement Output Current Input and Output Voltage Gate drive dead time Soft-Start/Soft-Stop Time `Power Good' Reduced Development Time Configurable and re-configurable for different Vout, Iout, Cout, and Inductor values Part Temperature No need to change external passives for a new output specification. Higher integration and Reliability Many external circuits used in the past can be eliminated significantly improving reliability. Adjusting fault limits and disabling/enabling faults Packet Error Checking (PEC) on I2C communication PowerArchitectTM 5.0 Design and Configuration Software 5 GPIO pins with a wide range of configurability Fault reporting (including UVLO Warn/Fault, OCP Warn/Fault, OVP, Temperature, Soft-Start in progress, Power Good, System Reset) Allows a Logic Level interface with other non-digital IC's or as logic inputs to other devices Wizard quickly generates a base design Calculates all configuration registers Projects can be saved and/or recalled GPIOs can be configured easily and intuitively "Dashboard" Interface can be used for real-time monitoring and debug Frequency and Synchronization Capability Selectable switching frequency between 105kHz and 1.2MHz System Benefits Reliability is enhanced via communication with the system controller which can obtain real time data on an output voltage, input voltage and current. Main oscillator clock and DPWM clock can be synchronized to external sources System processors can communicate with the XRP7724 directly to obtain data or make adjustments to react to circuit conditions `Master', `Slave' and `Stand-alone' Configurations are possible Internal MOSFET Drivers Internal FET drivers (4/2) per channel Built-In Automatic Dead-time adjustment A system process or could also be configured to log and analyze operating history, perform diagnostics and if required, take the supply off-line after making other system adjustments. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation Enable/Disable Outputs Over Current Over Voltage Temperature Faults 30ns Rise and Fall times 4 Independent SMPS channels and 2 LDOs in a 7x7mm TQFN 12/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW external circuitry. The 3.3V LDO is solely for customer use and is not used by the chip. There is also a 1.8V linear which is for internal use only and should not be used externally. The XRP7724 is a quad-output digital pulse width modulation (DPWM) controller with integrated gate drivers for use with synchronous buck switching regulators. Each output voltage can be programmed from 0.6V to 5.5V without the need of an external voltage divider. The wide range of the programmable DPWM switching frequency (from 105 kHz to 1.2 MHz) enables the user to optimize for efficiency or component sizes. Since the digital regulation loop requires no external passive components, loop performance is not compromised due to external component variation or operating condition. A key feature of the XRP7724 is its powerful power management capabilities. All four outputs are independently programmable and gives the user not only full control of the delay, ramp, and sequence during power up and power down. One can also control of how the outputs interact and power down in the event of a fault. This includes active ramp down of the output voltages to remove an output voltage as quickly as possible. Another nice feature is that the outputs can be defined and controlled as groups. The XRP7724 has two main types of programmable memory. The first types are runtime registers that contain configuration, control and monitoring information for the chip. The second type is rewritable NonVolatile Flash Memory (NVFM) that is used for permanent storage of the configuration data along with various chip internal functions. During power up the run time registers are loaded from the NVFM allowing for standalone operation. The XRP7724 provides a number of critical safety features, such as Over-Current Protection (OCP), Over-Voltage Protection (OVP), Over Temperature Protection (OTP) plus input Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO). In addition, a number of key health monitoring features such as warning level flags for the safety functions, Power Goods (PGOOD), etc., plus full monitoring of system voltages and currents. The above are all programmable and/or readable from the SMBus and many are steerable to the GPIOs for hardware monitoring. The XRP7724 brings an extremely high level of functionality and performance to a programmable power system. Ever decreasing product budgets require the designer to quickly make good cost/performance tradeoffs to be truly successful. By incorporating 4 switching channels, two user LDOs, a charge pump boost controller, along with internal gate drivers, all in a single package, the XRP7724 allows for extremely cost effective power system designs. Another key cost factor to put into the cost tradeoffs, which is often overlooked, is the unanticipated Engineering Change Order (ECO). The programmable versatility of the XRP7724, along with the lack of hard wired, on board configuration components, allows for minor and major changes to be made, in circuit, on the board by simple reprogramming. For hardware communication, the XRP7724 has two logic level General Purpose InputOutput (GPIO) pins and three, 15V, open drain, Power System Input-Output (PSIO) pins. Two pins are dedicated to the SMBus data (SDA) and clock (SCL). Additional pins include Chip Enable (Enable), Aux Boost Feedback (BFB) and External PLL Capacitor (CPLL). In addition to providing four switching outputs, the XRP7724 also provides control for an Aux boost supply, and two stand-by linear regulators that produce 5V and 3.3V for a total of 7 customer usable supplies in a single device. The 5V LDO is used for internal power and is also available for customer use to power (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 13/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System THEORY OF OPERATION CHIP ARCHITECTURE REGULATION LOOPS Vin (VCC) Vref DAC VFB (VOUTx) Scalar /1,2,4 AFE Error Amp AFE ADC Window Comp. Fine Adjust Vin Feed Forward Error Register PID Vdrive (VCCD)x DPWM Gate Driver GHx GLx LXx Current ADC OVS PFM/ Ultrasonic PWMPFM Sel Fig 16 XRP7724 Regulation Loops Figure 16 shows a functional block diagram of the regulation loops for an output channel. There are four separate parallel control loops; Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM), Ultrasonic, and Over Sampling (OVS). Each of these loops is fed by the Analog Front End (AFE) as shown at the left of the diagram. The AFE consist of an input voltage scalar, a programmable Voltage Reference (Vref) DAC, Error Amplifier, and a window comparator. (Please note that the block diagram shown is simplified for ease of understanding. Some of the function blocks are common and shared by each channel by means of a multiplexer.) up to 1.6V (low range) the scalar has a gain of 1. For output voltages from 1.6V to 3.2V (mid range) the scalar gain is 1/2 and for voltages greater than 3.2V (high range) the gain is 1/4. This results in the low range having a reference voltage resolution of 12.5mV, mid range of 25mV and the high range having a resolution of 50mV. The error amp has a gain of 4 and compares the output voltage of the scalar to Vref to create an error voltage on its output. This is converted to a digital error term by the AFE ADC which is stored in the error register. The error register has a fine adjust function that can be used to improve the output voltage set point resolution by a factor of 5 resulting in a low range resolution of 2.5mV, mid range resolution of 5mV and a high range resolution of 10mV. The output of the error resister is then used by the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to manage the loop dynamics. PWM Loop The PWM loop operates in Voltage Control Mode (VCM) with optional Vin feed forward based on the voltage at the VCC pin. The reference voltage (Vref) for the error amp is created by a 0.15V to 1.6V DAC that has a 12.5mV resolution. In order to get a full 0.6V to 5.5V output voltage range an input scalar is used to reduce feedback voltages for higher output voltages to bring them within the 0.15V to 1.6V control range. So for output voltages (c) 2012 Exar Corporation The XRP7724 PID is a 17-bit five coefficient control engine that calculates the correct duty cycle under the various operating conditions and feeds it to the Digital Pulse Width Modulator (DPWM). Besides the normal 14/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System coefficients the PID also uses the Vin voltage to provide a feed forward function. The PFM loop works in conjunction with the PWM loop and is entered when the output current falls below a programmed threshold level for a programmed number of cycles. When PFM mode is entered, the PWM loop is disabled and instead, the scaled output voltage is compared to Vref with a window comparator. The window comparator has three thresholds; normal (Vref), high (Vref + %high) and low (Vref - %low). The %high and %low values are programmable and track Vref. The XRP7724 DPWM includes a special delay timing loop that gives a timing resolution that is 16 times the master oscillator frequency (103MHz) for a timing resolution of 607ns for both the driver pulse width and dead time delays. The DWPM creates and outputs the Gate High (GH) and Gate Low (GL) signals to the driver. The maximum and minimum on times and dead time delays are programmable by configuration resisters. In PFM mode, the normal comparator is used to regulate the output voltage. If the output voltage falls below the Vref level, the comparator is activated and triggers the DPWM to start a switching cycle. When the high side FET is turned on, the inductor current ramps up which charges up the output capacitors and increasing their voltage. After the completion of the high side and low side on-times, the lower FET is turned off to inhibit any inductor reverse current flow. The load current then discharges the output capacitors until the output voltage falls below Vref and the normal comparator is activated this then triggers the DPWM to start the next switching cycle. The time from the end of the switching cycle to the next trigger is referred to as the dead zone. This PFM methodology ensures output voltage ripple does not increase from PWM to PFM. To provide current information, the output inductor current is measured by a differential amplifier that reads the voltage drop across the RDS of lower FET during its on time. There are two selectable ranges, a low range with a gain of 8 for a +20mV to -120 mV range and a high range with a gain of 4 for +40mV to 280mV range. The optimum range to use will depend on the maximum output current and the RDS of the lower FET. The measured voltage is then converted to a digital value by the current ADC block. The resulting current value is stored in a readable register and also used to determine when PWM to PFM transitions should occur. PFM mode loop The XRP7724 has a PFM loop that can be enabled to improve efficiency at light loads. By reducing switching frequency and operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), both switching and I2R losses are minimized. When PFM mode is initially entered the switching duty cycle is the same that it was in PWM mode. The cause the inductor ripple current to be the same level that it was in PWM mode. During operation the PFM duty cycle is calculated based on the ratio of the output voltage to VCC. Figure 17 shows a functional diagram of the PFM logic. # Cycles Reg Default = 20 A CHx Fsw PFM Current Threshold Reg Clk A COUNTER If the output voltage ever goes outside the high/low windows, PFM mode is exited and the PWM loop is reactivated. A<B Clear B A<B IADC B VOUT S Q R Q PFM MODE + VREF HIGH - - VREF + VREF LOW + Although the PFM mode does a good job in improving efficiency at light load, at very light loads the dead zone time can increase to the point where the switching frequency can enter the audio hearing range. When this happens some components, like the output inductor and ceramic capacitors, can emit audible noise. The amplitude of the noise depends PWM MODE PFM EXIT TRIGGER PULSE - Fig 17: PFM Enter/Exit Functional Diagram (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 15/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System mostly on the board design and on the manufacturer and construction details of the components. Proper selection of components can reduce the sound to very low levels. In general Ultrasonic Mode is not used unless required as it reduces light load efficiency. delay of up to one switching cycle before the control loop can respond. With OVS enabled if output voltage drops below the lower level, an immediate GH pulse will be generated and sent to the driver to increase the output inductor current toward the new load level without having to wait for the next cycle to begin. If the output voltage is still below the lower limit at the beginning of the next cycle, OVS will work in conjunction with the PID to insert additional GH pulses to quickly return the output voltage back within its regulation band. The result of this system is transient response capabilities on par or exceeding those of a constant on-time control loop. Ultrasonic Mode Ultrasonic mode is an extension of PFM to ensure that the switching frequency never enters the audible range. When this mode is entered, the switching frequency is set to 30kHz and the duty cycle of the upper and lower FETs, which are fixed in PFM mode, are decreased as required to keep the output voltage in regulation while maintaining the 30kHz switching frequency. Over Voltage OVS: When there is a step load current decrease, the output voltage will increase (bump up) as the excess inductor current that is no longer used by the load, flows into the output capacitors causing the output voltage to rise. The voltage will continue to rise until the inductor current decreases to the new load current. With OVS enabled, if the output voltage exceeds the high limit of the window comparator, a blanking pulse is generated to truncate the GH signal. This causes inductor current to immediately begin decreasing to the new load level. The GH will continue to be blanked until the output voltage falls below the high limit. Again, since the output voltage is sampled at four times the switching frequency, over shoot will be decreased and the time required to get back into the regulation band is also decreased. Under extremely light or zero load currents, the GH on time pulse width can decrease to its minimum width. When this happens, the lower FET on time is increased slightly to allow a small amount of reverse inductor to flow back into Vin to keep the output voltage in regulation while maintaining the switching frequency above the audio range. Oversampling OVS Mode Oversampling (OVS) mode is a feature added to the XRP7724 to improve transient responses. This mode can only be enabled when the channel switching frequency is operating in 1x frequency mode. In OVS mode the output voltage is sampled 4 times per switching cycle and is monitored by the AFE window comparator. If the voltage goes outside the set high or low limits, the OVS control electronics can immediately modify the pulse width of the GH or GL drivers to respond accordingly, without having to wait for the next cycle to start. OVS has two types of response depending on whether the high limit is exceeded during an unloading transient (Over Voltage), or the low limit is exceeded during a loading transient (Under Voltage). OVS can be used in conjunction with both the PWM and PFM operating modes. When it is activated it can noticeably decrease output voltage excursions when transitioning between PWM and PFM modes. INTERNAL DRIVERS The internal high and low gate drivers use totem pole FETs for high drive capability. They are powered by two external 5V power pins (VCCD1-2) and (VCCD3-4), VCCD1-2 powers the drivers for channels 1 and 2 and VCCD3-4 powers channels 3 and 4. The drivers can be powered by the internal 5V LDO by connecting their power pins to the LDO5 output through Under Voltage OVS: If there is an increasing current load step, the output voltage will drop until the regulator loop adapts to the new conditions to return the voltage to the correct level. Depending on where in the switching cycle the load step happens there can be a (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 16/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System an RC filter to avoid conducted noise back into the analog circuitry. (VCC) supply. The output of LDO5 should be bypassed by a good quality capacitor connected between the pin and ground close to the device. The 5V output is used by the XRP7724 as a standby power supply and is also used to power the 3.3V and 1.8V linear regulators inside the chip and can also supply power to the 5V gate drivers. The total output current that the 5V LDO can provide is 130mA. The XRP7724 consumes approximately 20mA and the rest is shared between LDO3_3 and the gate drive currents. During initial power up, the maximum external load should be limited to 30mA. To minimize power dissipation in the 5V LDO it is recommended to power the drivers from an external 5V power source either directly or by using the V5EXT input. Good quality 1uF to 4.7uF capacitors should be connected directly between the power pins to ground to optimize driver performance and minimize noise coupling to the 5V LDO supply. The driver outputs should be connected directly to their corresponding output switching FETs, with the Lx output connected to the drain of the lower FET for the best current monitoring accuracy. The 3.3V LDO output available on the LDO3_3 pin is solely for customer use and is not used internally. This supply may be turned on or off by the configuration registers. Again a good bypass capacitor should be used. See ANP-32 "Practical Layout Guidelines for PowerXR Designs" LDOS The AVVD pin is the 1.8V regulator output and needs to be connected externally to the DVVD pin on the device. A good quality capacitor should be connected between this pin and ground close to the package. The XRP7724 has two internal Low Drop Out (LDO) linear regulators that generate 5.0V (LDO5) and 3.3V (LDO3_3) for both internal and external use. Additionally it also has a 1.8V regulator that supplies power for the XRP7724 internal circuits. Figure 3 shows a block diagram of the linear power supplies. LDO5 is the main power input to the device and is supplied by an external 5.5V to 25V For operation with a VCC of 4.75V to 5.5V, the LDO5 output needs to be connected directly to VCC on the board. CLOCKS AND TIMING 4/8 Reg Clock Divider PLL Ext Clock Output GPIO1 Freg Mult Reg DPWM System Clock Ext Clock Input GPIO0 SEL Base Frequency x4/x8 Reg 2x Frequency Set Reg 4x CH1 Timing Sequencer To Channels 2(R)4 Fig 18 XRP7724 Timing Block Diagram (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 17/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System Figure 18 shows a simplified block diagram of the XRP7724 timings. Again, please note that the function blocks and signal names used are chosen for ease of understanding and do not necessarily reflect the actual design. Base Frequency The system timings are generated by a 103MHz internal system clock (Sys_Clk). There are two ways that the 103 MHz system clock can be generated. These include an internal oscillator and a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) that is synchronized to an external clock input. The basic timing architecture is to divide the Sys_Clk down to create a fundamental switching frequency (Fsw_Fund) for all the output channels that is settable from 105kHz to 306kHz. The switching frequency for a channel (Fsw_CHx) can then be selected as 1 times, 2 times or 4 times the fundamental switching frequency. To set the base frequency for the output channels a "Fsw_Set" value representing the base frequency shown in Table 1, is entered into the switching frequency configuration register (Fsw_Set is basically equal to the base frequency times 256). The system timings are then created by dividing down Sys_Clk to produce a base frequency clock, 2X and 4X times the base frequency clocks, and sequencing timing to position the output channels relative to each other. Each output channel then has its own frequency multiplier register that is used to select its final output switching frequency. Table 1 shows the available channel switching frequencies for the XRP7724 device. In practice the PowerArchitectTM 5.0 design tool handles all the details and the user only has to enter the fundamental switching frequency and the 1x, 2x, 4x frequency multiplier for each channel. kHz Available 2x Frequencies kHz Available 4x Frequencies kHz 105.5 107.3 109.1 111.0 112.9 115.0 117.0 119.2 121.5 123.8 126.2 128.8 131.4 134.1 137.0 139.9 143.1 146.3 149.7 153.3 157.0 160.9 165.1 169.4 174.0 178.8 183.9 189.3 195.1 201.2 207.7 214.6 222.0 229.9 238.4 247.6 257.5 268.2 279.9 292.6 306.5 211.1 214.6 218.2 222.0 225.9 229.9 234.1 238.4 242.9 247.6 252.5 257.5 262.8 268.2 273.9 279.9 286.1 292.6 299.4 306.5 314.0 321.9 330.1 338.8 348.0 357.6 367.9 378.7 390.2 402.3 415.3 429.2 444.0 459.8 476.9 495.2 515.0 536.5 559.8 585.2 613.1 422.1 429.2 436.4 444.0 451.8 459.8 468.2 476.9 485.8 495.2 504.9 515.0 525.5 536.5 547.9 559.8 572.2 585.2 598.8 613.1 628.0 643.8 660.3 677.6 695.9 715.3 735.7 757.4 780.3 804.7 830.6 858.3 887.9 919.6 953.7 990.4 1030.0 1072.9 1119.6 1170.5 1226.2 Table 1 If an external clock is used, the frequencies in this table will shift accordingly. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 18/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System SUPERVISORY AND CONTROL General Output - set with command Power system design with XRP7724 is accomplished using PowerArchitectTM design tool version 5 (PA5). All figures referenced in the following sections are taken from PA5. Furthermore, the following sections reference I2C commands. For more on these commands please refer to ANP-38. an I2C General Input - triggers an interrupt; state read with an I2C command Power Group Enable - controls enabling and disabling of Group 1 and Group 2 Power Channel Enable - controls enabling and disabling of a individual channel including LDO3.3 DIGITAL I/O I2C Address Bit - controls an I2C address bit XRP7724 has two General Purpose Input Output (GPIO) and three Power System Input Output (PSIO) user configurable pins. Power OK - indicates that selected channels have reached their target levels and have not faulted. Multiple channel selection is available in which case the resulting signal is the AND logic function of all channels selected ResetOut - is delayed Power OK. Delay is programmable in 1msec increments with the range of 0 to 255 msecs Low Vcc - indicates when Vcc has fallen below the UVLO fault threshold and when the UVLO condition clears (Vcc voltage rises above the UVLO warning level) GPIOs are 3.3V CMOS logic compatible and 5V tolerant. PSIO configured as outputs are open drain and require external pull-up resistor. These I/Os are 3.3V and 5V CMOS logic compatible, and up to 15V capable. Interrupt - the controller generated interrupt selection and clearing is done through I2C commands Interrupt, Low Vcc, Power OK and ResetOut signals can only be forwarded to a single GPIO/PSIO. The polarity of the GPIO/PSIO pins is set in PA5 or with an I2C command. In addition, the following are functions that are unique to GPIO0 and GPIO1. Configuring GPIO/PSIOs The following functions can be controlled from or forwarded to any GPIO/PSIO: (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 19/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System HW Flags - these are hardware monitoring functions forwarded to GPIO0 only. The functions include Under-Voltage Warning, Over- Temperature Warning, Over-Voltage Fault, Over-Current Fault and Over -Current Warning for every channel. Multiple selection is available in which case the resulting signal is the OR logic function "PGood Max" is the upper window and "PGood Min" is the lower window. The minimum and maximum for each of these values can be calculated by the following equation: External Clock-in - enables the controller to lock to an external clock including one from another XRP7724 applied to the GPIO0 pin. There are two ranges of clock frequencies the controller accepts, selectable by a user Where N =1 to 63 for the PGOOD Max value and N=1 to 62 for the PGOOD Min value. For example, with the target voltage of 1.5V and set point resolution of 2.5mV (LSB), the Power Good min and max values can range from 0.17% to 10.3% and 0.17% to 10.5% respectively. A user can effectively double the values by changing to the next higher output voltage range setting, but at the expense of reduced set point resolution. External Clock-out - clock sent out through GPIO1 for synchronizing with another XRP7724 (see the clock out section for more information). FAULT HANDLING There are seven different types of fault handling: HW Power Good - the Power Good hardware monitoring function. It can only be forwarded to GPIO1. It is an output voltage monitoring function that is a hardware comparison of channel output voltage against its user defined Power Good threshold limits (Power Good minimum and maximum levels). . It has no hysteresis. Multiple channel selection is available in which case the resulting signal is the AND logic function of all channels selected. Under Voltage Lockout (UVLO) monitors voltage supplied to the Vcc pin and will cause the controller to shutdown all channels if the supply drops to critical levels. Over Temperature Protection (OTP) monitors temperature of the chip and will cause the controller to shutdown all channels if temperature rises to critical levels. Over Voltage Protection (OVP) monitors regulated voltage of a channel and will cause the controller to react in a user specified way if the regulated voltage surpasses threshold level. Over Current Protection (OCP) monitors current of a channel and will cause the controller to react in a user The Power Good minimum and maximum levels are expressed as percentages of the target voltage. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 20/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System specified way if the current level surpasses threshold level. Start-up Time-out Fault monitors if a channel gets into regulation in a user defined time period LDO5 Over Current Protection (LDO5 OCP) monitor current drawn from the regulator and will cause the controller to be reset if the current exceeds LDO5 limit (155mA typical) LDO3.3 Over Current Protection (LDO3.3 OCP) monitors current drawn from the regulator and will cause the controller to shut down the regulator if the current exceeds LDO3.3 current limit (65mA typical) level at 4.6V may result in the outputs not reenable until a full 5.0V is reached on Vcc. Setting the warning level to 4.6v and the fault level at 4.4V would likely make UVLO handing as desired, however, below 4.6V the device has a hardware UVLO on LDO5 to ensure proper shutdown of the internal circuitry of the controller. This means the 4.4V UVLO fault level will never occur. A special test has been added to ensure that if UVLO FAULT will OTP User defined OTP warning, fault and restart levels are set at 5C increments in PA5. UVLO Both UVLO warning and fault levels are user programmable and set at 200mV increments in PA5. When the warning level is reached controller will generate UVLO_WARNING_EVENT interrupt. addition, the host can be informed about event through HW Flags on GPIO0 (see Digital I/O section). When the warning level is reached controller will generate TEMP_WARNING_EVENT interrupt. addition, the host can be informed about event through HW Flags on GPIO0 (see Digital I/O section). the the In the the When an OTP fault condition occurs, the XRP7724 outputs are shutdown and the TEMP_OVER_EVENT interrupt is generated. Once temperature reaches a user defined OTP Restart Threshold level, the TEMP_UNDER_EVENT interrupt will be generated and the controller will reset. When an under voltage fault condition occurs, the XRP7724 outputs are shutdown and the UVLO_FAULT_ACTIVE_EVENT interrupt is generated. In addition, the host can be informed by forwarding the Low Vcc signal to any GPIO/PSIO (see the Digital I/O section). This signal transitions when the UVLO fault occurs. When coming out of the fault, rising Vcc crossing the UVLO fault level will trigger the UVLO_FAULT_INACTIVE_EVENT interrupt. OVP A user defined OVP fault level is set in PA5 and is expressed in percentages of a regulated target voltage. Once UVLO condition clears (Vcc voltage rises Above or TO the user defined UVLO warning level), the Low Vcc signal will transition and the controller will be reset. Resolution is the same as for the target voltage (expressed in percentages). The OVP minimum and maximum values are calculated by the following equation where the range for N is 1 to 63: A special attention needs to be paid in the case when Vcc = LDO5 = 4.75V to 5.5V. Since the input voltage ADC resolution is 200mV, the UVLO warning and fault set points are coarse for a 5V input. Therefore, setting the warning level at 4.8V and the fault (c) 2012 Exar Corporation the the In the the When the OVP level is reached and the fault is generated, the host will be notified by the 21/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System SUPPLY_FAULT_EVENT interrupt generated by the controller. The host then can use anI2C command to check which channel is at fault. as defined in the electrical characteristics. The maximum value the user can program is limited by Rdson of the synchronous Power FET and current monitoring ADC range. For example, using a synchronous FET with Rdson of 30m, using the wider ADC range, the maximum current limit programmed would be: In addition, OVP fault can be monitored through GPIO0. A user can choose one of three options on how to react to an OVP event: to shutdown the faulting channel, to shut down faulting channel and to perform auto-restart of the channel, or to restart the chip. The current is sampled approximately 30ns before the low side MOSFET turns off, so the actual measured DC output current in this example would be 9.33A plus approximately half the inductor ripple. An OCP Fault is considered to have occurred only if the fault threshold has been tripped in 4 consecutive switching cycles. When the switching frequency is using the 4x multiplier, the current is sampled only every other cycle. As a result it can take as many as 8 switching cycles for an over current event to be detected. When operating in 4x mode inductors with a soft saturation characteristic are recommended. In the case of shutting down the faulting channel and auto-restarting, the user has an option to specify startup timeout (the time in which the fault is validated) and hiccup timeout (the period after which the controller will try to restart the channel) periods in 1 msec increments with a maximum value of 255 msec. When the OCP level is reached and the fault is generated, the host will be notified by the SUPPLY_FAULT_EVENT interrupt generated by the controller. The host then can use an I2C command to check which channel is at fault. In addition, OCP fault can be monitored through HW Flags on GPIO0. The host can also monitor OCP warning flag through HW Flags on GPIO0. The OCP warning level is calculated by PowerArchitectTM as 85% of the OCP fault level. Note: a channel will share a response to an OVP or OCP event. A user can choose one of three options on how to react to an OCP event: to shutdown the faulting channel, to shut down faulting channel and to perform auto-restart of the channel, or to restart the chip. OCP A user defined OCP fault level is set with 1mA increments in PA5. PA5 uses calculations to give the user the approximate DC output current entered in the current limit field. However the actual current limit trip value programmed into the part is limited to 280mV (c) 2012 Exar Corporation The output current reported by the XRP7724 is processed through a 7 sample median filter in order to reduce noise. The OCP limit is compared against unfiltered ADC output. 22/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System V5EXT SWITCHOVER The V5EXT gives a user an opportunity to supply an external 5 Volt rail to the controller in order to reduce the controller's power dissipation. The 5 Volt rail can be an independent power rail present in a system or any of 7724 channels regulated to 5 Volts (in the PFM mode in particular) and routed back to the V5EXT pin. It is important to mention that voltage to Vcc must be applied all the time even after the switchover in which case the current drawn from Vcc supply will be minimal. In the case of shutting down the faulting channel and auto-restarting, the user has an option to specify startup timeout (the time in which the fault is validated) and hiccup timeout (the period after which the controller will try to restart the channel) periods in 1 msec increments with a maximum value of 255 msec. If the function not used, we recommend the pin to be either grounded or left floating in conjunction with making sure the function gets disabled through register settings. Note: a channel will share a response to an OCP or OVP event. V5EXT switchover control The function is enabled in PA5. The switchover thresholds are programmable in 50mV steps with a total range of 200mV. Hysteresis to go in-out is 150mV. LDO5 automatically turns off when the external voltage is switched in and turns on when the external voltage drops below the lower threshold. Start-up Time-out Fault A channel will be at Start-up Time-out Fault if it does not come-up in a time period specified in the "Startup Timeout" box. In addition, a channel is at Start-up Timeout Fault if in prebias configuration voltage is a defined value too close to the target. When the fault is generated, the host will be notified by the SUPPLY_FAULT_EVENT interrupt generated by the controller. The host then can use an I2C command to check which channel is at fault. LDO5 OCP When current is drawn from LDO5 exceeds LDO5 current limit the controller gets reset. When the controller switches over to the V5EXT rail, the V5EXT_RISE interrupt is generated to inform the host. Similarly, when the controller switches out, the V5EXT_FALL interrupt gets generated. LDO3.3 OCP When current drawn from LDO3.3 exceeds LDO3.3 current limit the regulator gets shut down, a fault is generated, and the host will be notified by the SUPPLY_FAULT_EVENT interrupt generated by the controller. The host then can through an I2C command check which channel/regulator is at fault. Once the fault condition is removed, the host needs to turn the regulator on again. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation EXTERNAL CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION XRP7724 can be run off an external clock available in the system or another XRP7724. The external clock must be in the ranges of 10.9MHz to 14.7MHz or 21.8MHz to 29.6MHz. Locking to the external clock is done through an internal Phase Lock Loop (PLL) which requires an external loop capacitor of 2.2nF to 23/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System be connected between the CPLL pin and AGND. Channels including LDO3.3 can be controlled independently by any GPIO/PSIO or I2C command. Channels will start-up or shutdown following transitions of signals applied to GPIO/PSIOs set to control the channels. The control can always be overridden with an I2C command. In applications where this functionality is not desired, the CPLL capacitor is not necessary and can be omitted, and the pin shall be left floating. In addition, the user needs to make sure the function gets disabled through register settings. Regardless whether the channels are controlled independently or are in a group, the ramp rates specified are followed (see the Power Sequencing section). The external clock must be routed to GPIO0. The GPIO0 setting must reflect the range of the external clock applied to it: Sys_Clock/8 corresponds to the range of 10.9MHz to 14.7MHz while Sys_Clock/4 setting corresponds to the range of 21.8Mhz to 29.6MHz. Regulated voltages and voltage drops across synchronous FET on each switching channel can be read back using x I2C commands y. The regulated voltage read back resolution is 15mV, 30mV and 60mV per LSB depending on the target voltage range. The voltage drop across synchronous FET read back resolution is 1.25mV and 2.5mV per LSB depending on the range. The functionality is enabled in PowerArchitectTM 5.0 by selecting External Clock-in function under GPIO0. Through an I2C command the host can check the status of the channels; whether they are in regulation or at fault. For more on details how to monitor PLL lock in-out, please contact Exar or your local Exar representative. Regulated voltages can be dynamically changed on switching channels using I2C commands with resolution of 2.5mV, 5mV and 10mV depending on the target voltage range (in PWM mode only). CLOCK OUT XRP7724 can supply clock out to be used by another XRP7724 controller. The clock gets routed out through GPIO1 and can be set to system clock divided by 8 (Sys_Clock/8) or system clock divided by 4 (Sys_Clock/4) frequencies. For more information on I2C commands please contact Exar or your local Exar representative. POWER SEQUENCING The functionality is enabled in PA5 by selecting External Clock-Out function under GPIO1. All four channels and LDO3.3 can be grouped together and as such start-up and shut-down in a user defined sequence. Selecting none means channel(s) will not be assigned to any group and as such will be controlled independently. CHANNEL CONTROL Group Selection There are three groups: (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 24/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System Group 0 - is controlled by the chip ENABLE or I2C command. Channels assigned to this group will come up with the ENABLE signal being high, and will go down with the ENABLE signal being low. The control can always be overridden with an I2C command. Since it is recommended to leave the ENABLE pin floating in the applications when Vcc = LDO5 = 4.75V to 5.5V, please contact Exar for how to configure the channels to come up at the power up in this scenario. Group 1 - can be controlled by any GPIO/PSIO or I2C command. Channels assigned to this group will start-up or shut-down following transitions of a signal applied to the GPIO/PSIO set to control the group. The control can always be overridden with an I2C command. Group 2 - can be controlled by any GPIO/PSIO or I2C command. Channels assigned to this group will start-up or shut-down following transitions of a signal applied to the GPIO/PSIO set to control the group. The control can always be overridden with an I2C command. milliseconds with a range of 0msec to 255msec. Shut-down For each channel within a group a user can specify the following shut-down characteristics: Ramp Rate - expressed in milliseconds per Volt. It does not apply to LDO3.3. Order - order position of a channel to come-down within the group Wait Stop Thresh? - selecting this option for a channel means the next channel in the order cannot start rampingdown until this channel reaches the Stop Threshold level. The stop threshold level is fixed at 600mV. Delay - additional time delay a user can specify to postpone a channel shut-down with respect to the previous channel in the order. The delay is expressed in milliseconds with a range of 0msec to 255msec. Start-up MONITORING VCC AND TEMPERATURE Through I2C commands, the host can read back voltage applied to the Vcc pin and the die temperature respectively. The Vcc read back resolution is 200mV per LSB; the die temperature read back resolution is 5C per LSB. For more on I2C commands please refer to ANP-38 "XRP7724 Command Set and Programming Guide". For each channel within a group a user can specify the following start-up characteristics: Ramp Rate - expressed in milliseconds per Volt. It does not apply to LDO3.3. Order - order position of a channel to come-up within the group Wait PGOOD? - selecting this option for a channel means the next channel in the order cannot start ramping-up until this channel reaches the target level and its Power Good flag gets asserted. Delay - an additional time delay a user can specify to postpone a channel start-up with respect to the previous channel in the order. The delay is expressed in (c) 2012 Exar Corporation PROGRAMMING XRP7724 XRP7724 is a FLASH based device which means its configuration can be programmed into FLASH NVM and re-programmed a number of times. Programming of FLASH NVM is done through PA5. 25/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System By clicking on the Flash button, user will start programming sequence of the design configuration into the Flash NVM. After the programming sequence completes, the chip will reset (if automatically reset After Flashing box is checked), and boot the design configuration from the Flash. ENABLING XRP7724 XRP7724 has a weak internal pull-up ensuring it gets enabled as soon as internal voltage supplies have ramped up and are in regulation. Driving the Enable pin low externally will keep the controller in the shut-down mode. A simple open drain pull down is the recommended way to shut XRP7724 down. If the Enable pin is driven high externally to control XRP7724 coming out of the shut-down mode, care must be taken in such a scenario to ensure the Enable pin is driven high after Vcc gets supplied to the controller. For users that wish to create their own programming procedure so they can reprogram Flash in-circuit using their system software, please contact Exar for a list of I2C Flash Commands needed. In the configuration when Vcc = LDO5 = 4.75V to 5.5V, disabling the device by grounding the Enable pin is not recommended. At this time we recommend leaving the Enable pin floating and placing the controller in the "Standby Mode" instead in this scenario. The standby mode is defined as the state when all switching channels and LDO3.3 are disabled, all GPIO/PSIOs are programmed as inputs, and system clock is disabled. In this state chip consumes 440uA typical. During a design process a user might want to repeatedly download a design configuration onto run time registers without saving it in Flash. This is done through PA5 as well. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 26/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System Short duration Enable pin toggled low Short duration shutdown pulses to the ENABLE pin of the XRP7724 which does not provide sufficient time for the LDO5 voltage to fall below 3.5V can result in significant delay in re-enabling of the device. Some examples below show LDO5 and ENABLE pins: Adding a 200 ohm load on LDO5 pulls voltage below 3.5V and restart is short. Note that as VCC increases, the restart time falls as well. 5.5V input is shown as the worst case. Since the ENABLE pin has an internal current source, a simple open drain pull down is the recommended way to shut down the XRP7724. A diode in series with a resistor between the LDO5 and ENABLE pins may offer a way to more quickly pull down the LDO5 output when the ENABLE pin is pulled low. No load on LDO5, blue trace. Recovery time after ENABLE logic high is approximately 40ms. APPLICATION INFORMATION available in the system and connected to the 5V EXT pin. If there is no 5V available in the system, then the power loss will increase significantly and proper thermal design becomes critical. For lower power levels using properly sized MOSFETs, the use of the internal 5V regulator as a gate drive supply is considered appropriate. THERMAL DESIGN As a 4 channel controller with internal MOSFET drivers and 5V gate drive supply all in one 7x7mm 44pin TQFN package, there is the potential for the power dissipation to exceed the package thermal limitations. The XRP7724 has an internal LDO which supplies 5V to the internal circuitry and MOSFET LAYOUT GUIDELINES Refer to application note ANP-32 "Practical Layout Guidelines for PowerXR Designs". drivers during startup. It is generally expected that either one of the switching regulator outputs is 5V or another 5V rail is (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 27/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System PACKAGE SPECIFICATION 44-PIN 7X7MM TQFN (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 28/29 Rev. 1.0.1 XRP7724 Quad Channel Digital PWM/PFM Programmable Power Management System REVISION HISTORY Revision Date Description 1.0.0 10/04/2012 Initial Release of Data Sheet 1.0.1 10/04/2012 Eliminated "Native GH, GL Rise and Fall Time" typical specification. FOR FURTHER ASSISTANCE Email: customersupport@exar.com powertechsupport@exar.com Exar Technical Documentation: http://www.exar.com/TechDoc/default.aspx? EXAR CORPORATION HEADQUARTERS AND SALES OFFICES 48720 Kato Road Fremont, CA 94538 - USA Tel.: +1 (510) 668-7000 Fax: +1 (510) 668-7030 www.exar.com NOTICE EXAR Corporation reserves the right to make changes to the products contained in this publication in order to improve design, performance or reliability. EXAR Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuits described herein, conveys no license under any patent or other right, and makes no representation that the circuits are free of patent infringement. Charts and schedules contained herein are only for illustration purposes and may vary depending upon a user's specific application. While the information in this publication has been carefully checked; no responsibility, however, is assumed for inaccuracies. EXAR Corporation does not recommend the use of any of its products in life support applications where the failure malfunction of the product can reasonably be expected to cause failure of the life support system or to significantly affect safety or effectiveness. Products are not authorized for use in such applications unless EXAR Corporation receives, writing, assurances to its satisfaction that: (a) the risk of injury or damage has been minimized; (b) the user assumes such risks; (c) potential liability of EXAR Corporation is adequately protected under the circumstances. or its in all Reproduction, in part or whole, without the prior written consent of EXAR Corporation is prohibited. (c) 2012 Exar Corporation 29/29 Rev. 1.0.1 Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: Exar: XRP7724ILB-F XRP7724ILBTR-F