AS0260HQSC28SUKAD3-E - ON SEMICONDUCTOR

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

AS0260 DS Rev. G Pub. 5/15 EN 1©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC 2015,

1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-

A-Chip (SOC) Digital Image Sensor

AS0260 Datasheet, Rev. G

For the latest datasheet, please visit www.onsemi.com

Features

• Superior low-light performance

• Ultra-low-power

• 1080p Full HD video at 30 fps

• Internal master clock generated by on-chip phase

locked loop (PLL) oscillator

• Electronic rolling shutter (ERS), progressive scan

• Integrated image flow processor (IFP) for single-die

camera module

• Automatic image correction and enhancement

• Arbitrary image scaling with anti-aliasing

• Two-wire serial interface providing access to

registers and microcontroller memory

• Selectable output data format: YCbCr, JPEG, MJPEG,

565RGB, 555RGB, 444RGB, processed Bayer, BT656,

RAW8, RAW8+2-bit, and M420

• Parallel and 1- or 2-lane MIPI data output

• Independently configurable gamma correction

• Adaptive polynomial lens shading correction

• UVC interface support

• Perspective correction

• Multi-camera synchronization

Applications

• Embedded tablet, notebook, and tethered PC

cameras

• Game consoles

• Cell phones, mobile devices

• Consumer video communications

General Description

The ON Semiconductor AS0260 is a 1/6-inch 2.0Mp

Full HD CMOS digital image sensor with an active-

pixel array of 1920H x 1080V. It includes sophisticated

camera functions such as auto exposure control, auto

white balance, black level control, flicker avoidance,

and defect correction. It is designed for low light per-

formance.The AS0260 produces extraordinarily clear,

sharp digital pictures, making it the perfect choice for

a wide range of applications, including PC and note-

book cameras, gaming systems, and mobile phones.

Notes: 1. Power consumption for typical voltages and full resolu-

tion output, no MJPEG.

Table 1: Key Parameters

Parameter Typical Value

Optical format 1/6-inch

Active pixels 1920 x 1080

Pixel size 1.4 m

Color filter array RGB Bayer

Shutter type Electronic rolling shutter (ERS)

Input clock range 6 – 54 MHz

Output pixel clock maximum 96 MHz

Output MIPI data rate

maximum 768 Mb/s per lane

Frame Rate

1080p (full

res) 30 fps

720p 60 fps

VGA 60 fps

QVGA 120 fps

Responsivity 0.64 V/lux-sec

SNRMAX 33 dB

Pixel dynamic range 65 dB

Supply voltage

Digital 1.7 – 1.95 V

Analog 2.5 – 3.1 V

I/O 1.7 – 1.95 V or 2.5 – 3.1 V

PHY 1.7 – 1.95 V

Power consumption1255 mW

Operating temperature,

ambient –30°C to +70° C

Chief ray angle 28°

Package options CSP, Bare die

AS0260 DS Rev. G Pub. 5/15 EN 2©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Ordering Information

Table 2: Available Part Numbers

Part Number Base Description Variant Description

AS0260CSSC28SUD20 RGB color Die Sales, 200 μm Thickness

AS0260CSSC28SUKA0-CR RGB color CSP Chip Tray without Protective Film

AS0260HQSC28SUD20 RGB color Die Sales, 200 μm Thickness

AS0260HQSC28SUKA0-CR RGB color Chip Tray without Protective Film

AS0260HQSC28SUKAD3-GEVK RGB color Demo3 Board

AS0260HQSC28SUKAD-GEVK RGB color Demo Kit

AS0260HQSC28SUKAH3-GEVB RGB color Demo3 Board

AS0260HQSC28SUKAH-GEVB RGB color Demo Board

AS0260 DS Rev. G Pub. 5/15 EN 3©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Table of Contents

Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Decoupling Capacitor Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Output Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Power-Up Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Image Data Output Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Sensor Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

PLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Image Flow Processor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Camera Control and Auto Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

JPEG Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

MJPEG Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

UVC Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Multi-Camera Sync . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Hardware Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Spectral Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Chief Ray Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

CSP Package Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Electrical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

MIPI Specification Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

AS0260 DS Rev. G Pub. 5/15 EN 4©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

List of Figures

Figure 1: AS0260 Block Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Figure 2: Typical Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Figure 3: Spatial Illustration of Image Readout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Figure 4: Power-Up Sequence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Figure 5: Hard Reset Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Figure 6: Soft Reset Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Figure 7: Pixel Data Timing Example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Figure 8: Row Timing, FV, and LV Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Figure 9: Sensor Core Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Figure 10: Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Figure 12: Three Pixels in Normal and Column Mirror Readout Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Figure 13: Six Rows in Normal and Row Mirror Readout Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Figure 14: Eight Pixels in Normal and Column Skip 2X Readout Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

Figure 15: Pixel Readout (no skipping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Figure 16: Pixel Readout (column skipping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Figure 17: Pixel Readout (row skipping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Figure 18: Pixel Readout (column and row skipping) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Figure 19: Pixel Readout (column and row binning) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

Figure 20: Image Flow Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Figure 21: Color Bar Test Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Figure 22: Gamma Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Figure 23: Gamma Reference Variables Against Brightness Metric . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Figure 24: 0° Hue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Figure 25: –22° Hue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Figure 26: +22° Hue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Figure 27: 5 x 5 Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Figure 28: JPEG Continuous Data Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Figure 29: JPEG Spoof Mode Timing with Continuous Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Figure 30: JPEG Status Segment Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Figure 31: Brightness-Dependent Contrast Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Figure 32: UVC Sharpness Control Flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Figure 33: Multi-Camera Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Figure 34: Normal Use of SADDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Figure 35: AptiSync2 Hardware Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Figure 36: Single Read from Random Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Figure 37: Single Read from Current Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67

Figure 38: Sequential Read, Start from Random Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Figure 39: Sequential Read, Start from Current Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

Figure 40: Single Write to Random Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

Figure 41: Sequential Write, Start at Random Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Figure 42: Quantum Efficiency vs. Wavelength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Figure 43: CSP Mechanical Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Figure 44: Parallel Pixel Bus Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Figure 45: Two-Wire Serial Bus Timing Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

AS0260 DS Rev. G Pub. 5/15 EN 5©Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2015.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

List of Tables

Table 1: Key Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Table 2: Available Part Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Table 3: Pin Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Table 4: Power-Up Signal Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Table 5: Status of Output Signals During Hard Reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Table 6: Hard Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Table 7: Soft Reset Signal Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Table 8: Variables Required for Gamma Knee Point Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

Table 9: Gamma Curve Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Table 10: Fade-to-Black Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Table 11: Hue Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

Table 12: Variables Controlling VPC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Table 13: YCbCr Output Data Ordering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Table 14: RGB Ordering in Default Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Table 15: 2-Byte Bayer Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Table 16: UVC_Result_Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Table 17: UVC Adjustment of Lowlight Sharpness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Table 18: UVC Sharpness vs. Adaptive Sharpness Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

Table 19: CHAIN_CONTROL Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Table 20: AUTOSYNC_MODE Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

Table 21: Chief Ray Angle Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Table 22: Package Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

Table 23: Ball Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

Table 24: Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Table 25: Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Table 26: DC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Table 27: Operating Current Consumption (Parallel) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Table 28: AC Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

Table 29: Two-Wire Serial Interface Timing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Table 30: MIPI High-Speed Transmitter DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Table 31: MIPI High-Speed Transmitter AC Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Table 32: MIPI Low-Power Transmitter DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Table 33: MIPI Low-Power Transmitter AC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

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AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Functional Description

The ON Semiconductor AS0260 is a 1/6-inch 2.0 Mp CMOS digital image sensor with an

integrated advanced camera system. This camera system features a microcontroller

(MCU), a sophisticated image flow processor (IFP), MIPI and parallel output ports (only

one output port can be used). The microcontroller manages all functions of the camera

system and sets key operation parameters for the sensor core to optimize the quality of

raw image data entering the IFP. The sensor core consists of an active pixel array of

1920 x 1080 pixels with programmable timing and control circuitry. It also includes an

analog signal chain with automatic offset correction, programmable gain, and a 10-bit

analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

The entire system-on-a-chip (SOC) has superior low-light performance that is particu-

larly suitable for PC camera applications. The AS0260 features ON Semiconductor’s

breakthrough low-noise CMOS imaging technology that achieves near-CCD image

quality (based on signal-to-noise ratio and low-light sensitivity) while maintaining the

inherent size, cost, and integration advantages of CMOS.

The ON Semiconductor AS0260 can be operated in its default mode or programmed for

frame size, exposure, gain, and other parameters. The default mode output is a 1080P

image size at 30 frames per second (fps). It outputs JPEG compressed 8-bit data, using

the parallel output port.

Architecture Overview

The AS0260 combines a 2.0 Mp sensor core with an IFP to form a stand-alone solution

for both image acquisition and processing. Both the sensor core and the IFP have

internal registers that can be controlled by the user. In normal operation, an integrated

microcontroller autonomously controls most aspects of operation. The processed image

data is transmitted to the host system either through the parallel or MIPI interface.

Figure 1 shows the major functional blocks of the AS0260.

Figure 1: AS0260 Block Diagram

Pixel Array

(1920 x 1080)

Sensor Core

FIFO

Interpolation

Line Buffers

Scaler

Line Buffers

Image Flow Processor

(IF P )

Stats Engine

Color Pipeline Parallel

Output Interface

Microcontroller SRAMROM/

OTPM

Power On Reset

Two-W ire Serial IF

Internal Register Bus

System Control M icrocontroller Unit (MCU)

MIPI

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Sensor Core

The AS0260 has a color image sensor with a Bayer color filter arrangement and a 2.0Mp

active-pixel array with electronic rolling shutter (ERS). The sensor core readout is 10 bits

and can be flipped and/or mirrored.

Image Flow Processor (IFP)

The advanced IFP features and flexible programmability of the AS0260 can enhance and

optimize the image sensor performance. Built-in optimization algorithms enable the

AS0260 to operate with factory settings as a fully automatic and highly adaptable

system-on-a-chip (SOC) for most camera systems.

These algorithms include black level conditioning, shading correction, defect correc-

tion, color interpolation, edge detection, color correction, aperture correction, hue rota-

tion, perspective correction, and image formatting with cropping and scaling.

The IFP includes special modes to support presence detection and ambient light

measurement. These modes can be used to assist the power management of a notebook

PC.

Microcontroller Unit (MCU)

The MCU communicates with all functional blocks by way of an internal ON Semicon-

ductor proprietary bus interface. The MCU firmware configures all the registers in the

sensor core and IFP.

System Control

The AS0260 has a phase-locked loop (PLL) oscillator that can generate the internal

sensor clock from the common system clock. The PLL adjusts the incoming clock

frequency up, allowing the AS0260 to run at almost any desired resolution and frame

rate within the sensor’s capabilities.

The AS0260 provides power-conserving features including a soft standby mode. A two-

wire serial interface bus enables read and write access to the AS0260’s internal registers

and variables. The internal registers control the sensor core, the color pipeline flow, and

the output interface. Variables are located in the microcontroller's RAM memory and are

used to configure and control the auto-algorithms and camera control functions.

Output Interface

The output interface block can select either raw data or processed data. Image data is

provided to the host system either by an 8-bit parallel port or by a dual-lane serial MIPI

port. The parallel output port provides 8-bit RGB data or extended 10-bit Bayer data.

The AS0260 also includes programmable I/O slew rate to minimize EMI.

System Interfaces

Figure 2 on page 3 shows typical AS0260 device connections. For low-noise operation,

the AS0260 requires separate power supplies for analog and digital sections of the die.

Both power supply rails must be decoupled from ground using capacitors as close as

possible to the die. The use of inductance filters is not recommended on the power

supplies or output signals.

The AS0260 provides dedicated inputs for digital core, PHY, and I/O power domains that

can be at different voltages. The PLL and analog circuitry require clean power sources.

Table 1 on page 4 provides the signal descriptions for the AS0260.

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tal Image Sensor

Figure 2: Typical Configuration

Notes: 1. This typical configuration shows only one scenario out of multiple possible variations for this sen-

sor.

2. If a MIPI Interface is not required, the MIPI serial port must be left floating. The VDD_PHY power sig-

nal must always be connected to the 1.8V supply.

3. Only one of the output modes (serial or parallel) can be used at any time.

4. ON Semiconductor recommends a 1.5kresistor value for the two-wire serial interface RPULL-UP;

however, greater values may be used for slower transmission speed.

5. All inputs must be configured with VDD_IO.

6. RESET_BAR has an internal pull-up resistor and can be left floating.

7. ON Semiconductor recommends that 0.1F and 1F decoupling capacitors for each power supply

are mounted as close as possible to the pad. Actual values and numbers may vary depending on

layout and design considerations.

8. TRST_BAR connects to GND for normal operation.

9. Future versions of AS0260 will not require VDD, REG_OUT, and REG_FB to be connected to REG_IN0.

VAA7

SDATA

SCLK

SADDR

AGND

VDD_PHY

I/O5

power

VDD

VAA VAA_PIX

Two-wire

serial interface

RPULL-UP4

RESET_BAR6

Analog

power

EXTCLK

External clock in

(6–54 MHz)

Active LOW reset

DGND

REG_IN0

VDD_PHY2, 7

VDD_IO5, 7

PHY2

power

VDD_IO

TRST_BAR8

CONFIG/GPIO1

Boot-to-stream option

SHUTDOWN

FRAME_VALID

PIXCLK

LINE_VALID

DOUT[7:0]

DATA_2P

DATA_2N

Parallel

Port

OR3

CLK_N

DATA_P MIPI

Serial

Port

DATA_N

CLK_P

REG_OUT REG_FB

REG_IN0

0.1µF

Digital

power9

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1. AGND and DGND are not connected internally.

2. To be left floating if not using feature.

3. Must always be connected even when not using MIPI.

4. The VDD, REG_OUT, and REG_FB pins must be connected together and have a 0.1F

decoupling capacitor attached.

Table 1: Pin Descriptions

Name Type Description Note

EXTCLK Input Input clock signal.

RESET_BAR Input/PU Master reset signal, active LOW. This signal has an internal pull up.

SCLK Input Two-wire serial interface clock.

SDATA I/O Two-wire serial interface data.

SADDR Input Selects device address for the two-wire serial interface.

FRAME_VALID (FV) Output Identifies rows in the active image.

LINE_VALID (LV) Output Identifies pixels in the active line.

PIXCLK Output Pixel clock.

DOUT[7:0] Output DOUT[7:0] for 8-bit image data output or DOUT[9:2] for 10-bit image data

output.

CLK_N Output Differential MIPI clock (sub-LVDS, negative). 2

CLK_P Output Differential MIPI clock (sub-LVDS, positive). 2

DATA_N Output Differential MIPI data (sub-LVDS, negative). 2

DATA_P Output Differential MIPI data (sub-LVDS, positive). 2

DATA_2N Output Differential MIPI data (sub-LVDS, negative). 2

DATA_2P Output Differential MIPI data (sub-LVDS, positive). 2

CONFIG/GPIO1 Input/Output If on power-up CONFIG =1 then the part shall go into streaming else the

system will go to suspend state waiting for host to update. This pin can

also be re-programmed to support multiple functions.

CHAIN/GPIO0 Input/Output To synchronize a number of sensors together. This pin can also be re-

programmed to support multiple functions.

GPIO2 Input/Output General purpose input/output.

SHUTDOWN Input Low power shutdown control, active HIGH.

TRST_BAR Input Must be tied to GND in normal operation.

VDD Supply Digital power. Must connect to REG_OUT and REG_FB. 4

DGND Supply Digital ground. 1

VDD_IO Supply I/O power supply.

VAA Supply Analog power.

VAA_PIX Supply Analog pixel power.

AGND Supply Analog ground. 1

VPP Supply OTPM programming.

REG_IN0 Supply Digital power

REG_OUT Supply Digital power. Must connect to VDD and REG_FB. 4

REG_FB Supply Digital power. Must connect to VDD and REG_OUT. 4

VDD_PHY Supply I/O power supply for the MIPI interface. 3

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Decoupling Capacitor Recommendations

It is important to provide clean, well regulated power to each power supply. The ON

Semiconductor recommendation for capacitor placement and values are based on our

internal demo camera design and verified in hardware. Note: Because hardware design

is influenced by many factors, such as layout, operating conditions, and component

selection, the customer is ultimately responsible to ensure that clean power is provided

for their own designs.

In order of preference, ON Semiconductor recommends:

1. Mount 0.1F and 1F decoupling capacitors for each power supply as close as possi-

ble to the pad and place a 10 F capacitor nearby off-module.

2. If module limitations allow for only six decoupling capacitors for a three-regulator

design use a 0.1F and 1F capacitor for each of the three regulated supplies. ON

Semiconductor also recommends placing a 10F capacitor for each supply off-mod-

ule, but close to each supply.

3. If module limitations allow for only three decoupling capacitors, use a 1F capacitor

(preferred) or a 0.1F capacitor for each of the three regulated supplies. ON Semicon-

ductor recommends placing a 10F capacitor for each supply off-module but close to

each supply.

4. Give priority to the VAA supply for additional decoupling capacitors.

5. Inductive filtering components are not recommended.

6. Follow best practices when performing physical layout. Refer to technical note TN-

09-131.

Output Data Format

The AS0260 image data is read out in a progressive scan. Valid image data is surrounded

by horizontal blanking and vertical blanking, as shown in Figure 3.

LINE_VALID is HIGH in the shaded region of the figure.

Figure 3: Spatial Illustration of Image Readout

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Power-Up Sequence

Powering up the sensor requires voltages to be applied in a particular order, as seen in

Figure 4. The timing requirements are shown in Table 2. The sensor includes a power-on

reset feature that initiates a reset upon power up of the sensor.

Figure 4: Power-Up Sequence

Power-On Reset

The AS0260 includes a power-on reset feature that initiates a reset upon power-up.

Three types of reset are available:

• A hard reset is issued by toggling the RESET_BAR signal

• A soft reset is issued by writing commands through the two-wire serial interface

•An internal power-on reset

The output states during hard reset are shown in Table 3.

Table 2: Power-Up Signal Timing

Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit

t1 Delay from REG_IN0 to VDD_IO 50 200 ms

t2Delay from VDD_IO and VDD_PHY 0 50 ms

t3Delay from VDD_IO to VAA, VAA_PIX, and

VDD_PLL

050ms

t4EXTCLK activation t2 + 0 – ms

Table 3: Status of Output Signals During Hard Reset

Signal Reset

DOUT[7:0] High-Z

PIXCLK High-Z

LV High-Z

FV High-Z

DATA_N 0

DATA_P 0

DATA_2N 0

DATA_2P 0

CLK_N 0

, V

_PIX

DD_

PHY

_IO

EXTCLK

REG_IN0 t

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A soft reset sequence to the sensor has a similar effect as the hard reset and can be acti-

vated by writing to a register through the two-wire serial interface. On-chip power-on-

reset circuitry can generate an internal reset signal in case an external reset is not

provided. The RESET_BAR signal has an internal pull-up resistor and can be left floating.

Hard Reset

The AS0260 enters the reset state when the external RESET_BAR signal is asserted LOW,

as shown in Figure 5. Parallel data output signals will be in High-Z state.

Figure 5: Hard Reset Operation

Notes: 1. This delay is dependent on EXTCLK frequency.

2. Assumes that CONFIG/GPIO1 = 1.

CLK_P 0

Table 4: Hard Reset

Symbol Definition Min Typ Max Unit

t1 RESET_BAR pulse width 50 – –

EXTCLK cycles

t2 Active EXTCLK required after RESET_BAR asserted 10 – –

t3 Active EXTCLK required before RESET_BAR de-asserted 10 – –

t4 Maximum internal boot time1––35 ms

Table 3: Status of Output Signals During Hard Reset

Signal Reset

EXTCLK

Reset

RESET_BAR

Mode

t2t3

Internal Boot Time

DATA

Enter streaming mode

All Outputs

Data Active

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tal Image Sensor

Soft Reset

The host processor can reset the AS0260 using the two-wire serial interface by writing to

SYSCTL 0x001A. SYSCTL 0x001A[0] is used to reset the AS0260 which is similar to

external RESET_BAR signal.

1. Set SYSCTL 0x001A[0] to 0x1 to initiate internal reset cycle.

2. Reset SYSCTL 0x001A[0] to 0x0 for normal operation.

3. Delay up to 35 ms, depending on EXTCLK frequency.

Figure 6: Soft Reset Operation

Notes: 1. This delay is dependent on EXTCLK frequency.

2. Assumes that CONFIG/GPIO1 = 1.

Shutdown Mode

The shutdown mode is entered when the SHUTDOWN pin is asserted. All power to the

AS0260 is disabled and no state, register, or patch information is retained. De-assertion

of the SHUTDOWN pin will cause a full POR.

Table 5: Soft Reset Signal Timing

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

t1Maximum soft reset time1––35 ms

EXTCLK

SDATA

Mode Write Soft

Reset Command

Resetting Registers

Enter Streaming Mode

SCLK

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tal Image Sensor

Image Data Output Interface

The user can select either the 8-bit parallel or serial MIPI output to transmit the sensor

image data to the host system. Only one of the output modes can be used at any time.

The AS0260 has an output FIFO to retain a constant pixel output clock.

Parallel Port

The AS0260 image data is read out in a progressive scan mode. Valid image data is

surrounded by horizontal blanking and vertical blanking. The amount of horizontal

blanking and vertical blanking are programmable.

AS0260 output data is synchronized with the PIXCLK output. When LV is HIGH, one

pixel value is output on the 8-bit DOUT port every TWO PIXCLK periods as shown in

Figure 7. PIXCLK is continuously running, even during the blanking period. PIXCLK

phase can be varied by 50 percent, controlled using a register.

Figure 7: Pixel Data Timing Example

Note: Shown is 10-bit Bayer data in 8 + 2 mode.

Figure 8: Row Timing, FV, and LV Signals

Notes: 1. P: Frame start and end blanking time.

2. A: Active data time.

3. Q: Horizontal blanking time.

MIPI Port

The MIPI output implements a serial differential sub-LVDS transmitter capable of up to

1536 Mbps (768 Mbps/lane). It supports multiple formats, error checking, and custom

short packets.

When the sensor is in the hardware standby system state or in the software standby

system state, the MIPI signals (CLK_P, CLK_N, DATA_P, DATA_N, DATA_2P, DATA_2N)

indicate ultra low power state (ULPS) corresponding to (nominal) 0V levels being driven

on CLK_P, CLK_N, DATA_P, DATA_N, DATA_2P, and DATA_2N. This is equivalent to

signaling code LP-00.

0 (9:2)

0 (1:0)

1 (9:2)

1 (1:0)

2 (9:2)

n-1 (9:2)

n (9:2)

LINE_VALID

PIXCLK

DOUT[7:0]

Blanking Blanking

Valid Data

n-1 (1:0)

n (1:0)

FRAME_VALID

LINE_VALID

Data Modes P1A2Q3AQ A P

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tal Image Sensor

When the sensor enters the streaming system state, the interface goes through the

following transitions:

1. After the PLL has locked and the bias generator for the MIPI drivers has stabilized, the

MIPI interface transitions from the ULPS state to the ULPS-exit state (signaling code

LP–10).

2. After a delay (TWAKEUP), the MIPI interface transitions from the ULPS-exit state to

the TX-stop state (signaling code LP–11).

3. After a short period of time (the programmed integration time plus a fixed overhead),

frames of pixel data start to be transmitted on the MIPI interface. Each frame of pixel

data is transmitted as a number of high-speed packets. The transition from the

TX-stop state to the high-speed signaling states occurs in accordance with the MIPI

specifications. Between high-speed packets and between frames, the MIPI interface

idles in the TX-stop state. The transition from the high-speed signaling states and the

TX-stop state takes place in accordance with the MIPI specifications.

4. If the sensor is reset, any frame in progress is aborted immediately and the MIPI sig-

nals switch to indicate the ULPS.

5. If the sensor is taken out of the streaming system state and reset_register[4] = 1

(standby end-of-frame), any frame in progress is completed and the MIPI signals

switch to indicate the ULPS.

If the sensor is taken out of the streaming system state and reset_register[4] = 0 (standby

end-of-frame), any frame in progress is aborted as follows:

1. Any long packet in transmission is completed.

2. The end of frame short packet is transmitted.

After the frame has been aborted, the MIPI signals switch to indicate the ULPS.

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Sensor Control

The sensor core of the AS0260 is a progressive-scan sensor that generates a stream of

pixel data at a constant frame rate. Figure 9 shows a block diagram of the sensor core.

The timing and control circuitry sequences through the rows of the array, resetting and

then reading each row in turn. In the time interval between resetting a row and reading

that row, the pixels in the row integrate incident light. The exposure is controlled by

varying the time interval between reset and readout. Once a row has been selected, the

data from each column is sequenced through an analog signal chain, including offset

correction, gain adjustment, and ADC. The final stage of sensor core converts the output

of the ADC into 10-bit data for each pixel in the array.

The pixel array contains optically active and light-shielded (dark) pixels. The dark pixels

are used to provide data for the offset-correction algorithms (black level control).

The sensor core contains a set of control and status registers that can be used to control

many aspects of the sensor behavior including the frame size, exposure, and gain

setting. These registers are controlled by the MCU firmware and are also accessible by

the host processor through the two-wire serial interface.

The output from the sensor core is a Bayer pattern; alternate rows are a sequence of

either green and red pixels or blue and green pixels. The analog signal chain provides

per-color control of the pixel data.

Figure 9: Sensor Core Block Diagram

Sensor Core

Control Registers System Control

10-Bit

Data Out

G1/G2

R/B

G1/G2

R/B

Green1/Green2

Channel

Red/Blue

Channel

1080p

Active-Pixel

Sensor (APS)

Array

Analog

Processing ADC Digital

Processing

Timing

and

Control

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The sensor core uses a Bayer color pattern, as shown in Figure 10. The even-numbered

rows contain green and red pixels; odd-numbered rows contain blue and green pixels.

Even-numbered columns contain green and blue pixels; odd-numbered columns

contain red and green pixels.

Figure 10: Pixel Color Pattern Detail (Top Right Corner)

The AS0260 sensor core pixel array is shown with pixel (0,0) in the top right corner,

which reflects the actual layout of the array on the die. Figure 11 on page 13 shows the

image shown in the sensor during normal operation.

When the image is read out of the sensor, it is read one row at a time, with the rows and

columns sequenced.

Black Pixels

Column Readout Direction

...

Row

Readout

Direction

First Clear

Pixel

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Figure 11: Imaging a Scene

The sensor core supports different readout options to modify the image before it is sent

to the IFP. The readout can be limited to a specific window size of the original pixel array.

By changing the readout directions, the image can be flipped in the vertical direction

and/or mirrored in the horizontal direction.

The image output size is set by programming row and column start and end address

variables.

When the sensor is configured to mirror the image horizontally, the order of pixel

readout within a row is reversed, so that readout starts from the last column address and

ends at the first column address. Figure 12 shows a sequence of 3 pixels being read out

with normal readout and reverse readout (Bayer8 + 2 mode shown). This change in

sensor core output is corrected by the IFP.

Figure 12: Three Pixels in Normal and Column Mirror Readout Mode

When the sensor is configured to flip the image vertically, the order in which pixel rows

are read out is reversed, so that row readout starts from the last row address and ends at

the first row address. Figure 13 on page 14 shows a sequence of 6 rows being read out

with normal readout and reverse readout. This change in sensor core output is corrected

by the IFP.

Lens

Pixel (0,0)

Row

Readout

Order

Column Readout Order

Scene

Sensor (rear view)

DOUT[7:0]

LINE_VALID

Normal readout

(9:2) G0

(1:0) R0

(9:2) R0

(1:0) G1

(9:2) G1

(1:0)

Reverse readout

(1:0)

(9:2) R0

(1:0) G0

(9:2) G0

(1:0)

DOUT[7:0]

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Figure 13: Six Rows in Normal and Row Mirror Readout Mode

The AS0260 sensor core supports subsampling with skipping to increase the frame rate.

The proper image output size and cropped size must be programmed before enabling

subsampling mode. Figure 14 shows Bayer 8 + 2 readout with 2X skipping.

Figure 14: Eight Pixels in Normal and Column Skip 2X Readout Mode

FRAME_VALID

Normal readout

Row0 Row1 Row2 Row3 Row4 Row5

DOUT[7:0]

Reverse readout

Row4Row5 Row3 Row2 Row1 Row0

DOUT[7:0]

LINE_VALID

Normal readout

(9:2) G0

(1:0) R0

(9:2) R0

(1:0) G1

(9:2) R1

(1:0)

DOUT[7:0]

LINE_VALID

Column skip readout

(9:2) G0

(1:0) R0

(9:2) R0

(1:0)

(9:2) G2

(1:0) R2

(9:2) R2

(1:0) G3

(9:2) R3

(9:0) R3

(9:0)

(1:0)

(9:2) G2

(1:0) R2

(9:2) R2

(1:0)

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Pixel Readouts

The following diagrams show a sequence of data being read out with no skipping. The

effect of the different subsampling on the pixel array readout is shown in Figure 15

through Figure 19 on page 18.

Figure 15: Pixel Readout (no skipping)

X Incrementing

Y Incrementing

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Figure 16: Pixel Readout (column skipping)

Figure 17: Pixel Readout (row skipping)

X Incrementing

Y Incrementing

X Incrementing

Y Incrementing

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Figure 18: Pixel Readout (column and row skipping)

X Incrementing

Y Incrementing

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Binning

The AS0260 sensor core supports 2 x 2 binning. Binning has many of the same character-

istics as subsampling but because it gathers image data from all pixels in the active

window (rather than a subset of them), it achieves superior image quality and avoids the

aliasing artifacts that can be a characteristic side effect of subsampling.

Binning is enabled by selecting the appropriate subsampling settings. Subsampling may

require sensor window size adjustment when binning is enabled.

The effect of binning is shown in Figure 19 on page 18.

Figure 19: Pixel Readout (column and row binning)

PLL

A PLL is provided to create the required PIXCLK from the input EXTCLK. The PLL is

programmed through variable settings.

Y incrementing

X incrementing

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Image Flow Processor

Image control processing in the AS0260 is implemented in the IFP hardware logic. For

normal operation, the microcontroller automatically adjusts the operational parameters

of the IFP. Figure 20 shows the image data processing flow within the IFP.

Figure 20: Image Flow Processor

2.0Mp

Pixel Array

ADC

Color Bar

Test Pattern

Generator

Color Correction

Aperture

Correction

Gamma

Correction

(10-to-8 Lookup)

Statistics

Engine

Color Kill

Scaler/

Perspective

Correction

Output

Formatting

YUV to RGB or JPEG

Raw Bayer 10

10/12-Bit

RGB

RAW 10

8-bit

RGB

8-bit

YUV

FIFO

Output

Interface

RGB to YUV

Digital

Gain

Control,

Adaptive

Shading

Correction

Defect Correction,

Nosie Reduction,

Color Interpolation

MUX

Parallel

Output

IFP

Parallel Output Mux

Hue Rotate

Processed Bayer 10 (8+2 output format)

MIPI

Output

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For normal operation of the AS0260, streams of raw image data from the sensor core are

continuously fed into the color pipeline. The AS0260 features an automatic color bar test

pattern generation function to emulate sensor images as shown in Figure 21: “Color Bar

Test Pattern,” on page 21. The color bar test pattern is fed to the IFP for testing the image

pipeline without sensor operation.

Color bar test pattern generation can be selected by programming variables. To select

enter test pattern mode VAR(0x12,0x4C) or R0xC84C =0x02, to exit this mode VAR

(0x12,0x4C) or R0xC84C should be set to 0x00.

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Figure 21: Color Bar Test Pattern

Digital Gain

Image stream processing starts with multiplication of all pixel values by a programmable

digital gain. Independent color channel digital gain can be adjusted with registers.

Test Pattern

Example

Flat Field

VAR = 18, 0x4D, 0x0001

100% Color Bars

VAR = 18, 0x4D, 0x0004

Pseudo-Random

VAR = 18, 0x4D, 0x0005

Walking 1s

VAR = 18, 0x4D, 0x0009

Fade-to-Gray Color Bars

VAR = 18, 0x4D, 0x0008

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Adaptive PGA (APGA)

Lenses tend to produce images whose brightness is significantly attenuated near the

edges. There are also other factors causing fixed pattern signal gradients in images

captured by image sensors. The cumulative result of all these factors is known as image

shading. The AS0260 has an embedded shading correction module that can be

programmed to counter the shading effects on each individual R, Gb, Gr, and B color

signal.

In some cases, different illuminants can introduce different color shading response. The

APGA feature on the AS0260 will compensate for the dependency of the lens shading of

the illuminant. The AS0260 will allow for up to three different illuminants to be compen-

sated for.

Color Interpolation and Edge Detection

In the raw data stream fed by the sensor core to the IFP, each pixel is represented by a

10-bit integer, which can be considered proportional to the pixel’s response to a one-

color light stimulus, red, green, or blue, depending on the pixel’s position under the

color filter array. Initial data processing steps, up to and including the defect correction,

preserve the one-color-per-pixel nature of the data stream, but after the defect correc-

tion it must be converted to a three-colors-per-pixel stream appropriate for standard

color processing. The conversion is done by an edge-sensitive color interpolation

module. The module adds the incomplete color information available for each pixel

with information extracted from an appropriate set of neighboring pixels. The algorithm

used to select this set and extract the information seeks the best compromise between

preserving edges and filtering out high-frequency noise in flat field areas. The edge

threshold can be set through variable settings.

Color Correction and Aperture Correction

To achieve good color fidelity of the IFP output, interpolated RGB values of all pixels are

subjected to color correction. The IFP multiplies each vector of three pixel colors by a

3 x 3 color correction matrix. The three components of the resulting color vector are all

sums of three 10-bit numbers. Since such sums can have up to 12 significant bits, the bit

width of the image data stream is widened to 12 bits per color (36 bits per pixel). The

color correction matrix can either be programmed by the user or automatically selected

by the AWB algorithm implemented in the IFP. Color correction should ideally produce

output colors that are independent of the spectral sensitivity and color crosstalk charac-

teristics of the image sensor. The optimal values of the color correction matrix elements

depend on those sensor characteristics and on the spectrum of light incident on the

sensor. The color correction settings can be adjusted using variables.

To increase image sharpness, a programmable 2D aperture correction (sharpening filter)

is applied to color-corrected image data. The gain and threshold for 2D correction can

be defined through variable settings.

One-Time Programmable Memory

the AS0260 contains one-time programmable memory (OTPM), suitable for storing

separate lens shading correction settings, color calibration, external mechanisms,

initialization settings, and module identification, that can be programmed during the

module manufacturing process. Programming the OTPM requires the use of a high

voltage at the VPP pin. during normal operation, the VPP pin should be left floating. The

OTPM can be accessed through the two-wire serial interface. Refer to the AS0260 Devel-

oper Guide for programming procedures.

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Gamma Correction

The gamma correction curve (as shown in Figure 22) is implemented as a piecewise

linear function with 19 knee points, taking 12-bit arguments and mapping them to 8-bit

output. The abscissas of the knee points are fixed at 0, 64, 128, 256, 512, 768, 1024, 1280,

1536, 1792, 2048, 2304, 2560, 2816, 3072, 3328, 3584, 3840, and 4096. The 8-bit ordinates

are programmable through variables.

The AS0260 IFP includes a block for gamma correction that has the capability to adjust

its shape, based on brightness, to enhance the performance under certain lighting

conditions.

Two custom gamma correction tables may be uploaded, one corresponding to a contrast

curve for brighter lighting conditions, the other one corresponding to a noise reduction

curve for lower lighting conditions. Also included in this block is a Fade-to Black curve

which sets all knee points to zero and causes the image to go black in extreme low light

conditions.

The AS0260 has the ability to calculate the 19 point knee points based on a small number

of variable inputs from the host, another option is for the host to program one or both of

the 19 knee point curves. The diagram below shows how the gamma feature interacts in

AS0260.

Figure 22: Gamma Interaction

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Gamma Knee Point Calculation

The AS0260 allows for the 19 knee point curves to be programmed based off a small

number of variables. The table below shows the variables which are required.

The diagram below shows the interaction of the variables and cam_ll_inv_brightness_-

metric.

Table 6: Variables Required for Gamma Knee Point Calculation

Variable Name Function

VAR(0x12,0x0168)

or (R0xC968)

cam_ll_llmode 0x00: User will program 19 knee point gamma curves

0x01: AS0260 will calculate 19 knee point for contrast curve (first

curve or table).

0x02: AS0260 will calculate 19 knee point for noise reduction curve

(second curve or table).

0x03: AS0260 will calculate both 19 knee point curves.

VAR(0x12,0x01C8)

or (R0xC9C8)

cam_ll_start_contrast_bm Interpolation start point for first curve

VAR(0x12,0x01CA)

or (R0xC9CA)

cam_ll_stop_contrast_bm Interpolation stop point for second curve

VAR(0x12,0x01CC)

or (R0xC9CC)

cam_ll_gamma The value of the gamma curve, this is applied to both 19 knee point

curves. The default is 220, this equates to a gamma of 2.2.

VAR(0x12,0x01CE)

or (R0xC9CE)

cam_ll_start_contrast_gradient The value of the contrast gradient that would be used for the first

curve

VAR(0x12,0x01CF)

or (R0xC93CF)

cam_ll_stop_contrast_gradient The value of the contrast gradient that would be used for the second

curve

VAR(0x12,0x01D0)

or (R0xC9D0)

cam_ll_start_contrast_luma_percenta

The percentage of target luma for the inflexion point in the first

curve

VAR(0x12,0x01D1)

or (R0xC9D1)

cam_ll_start_contrast_luma_percenta

ge The percentage of target luma for the inflexion point second curve

VAR(0x12,0x01E2)

or (R0xC9E2)

cam_ll_inv_brightness_metric Measure of scene brightness, reference points for

cam_ll_start_contrast_bm and cam_ll_stop_contrast_bm

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Figure 23: Gamma Reference Variables Against Brightness Metric

ON Semiconductor recommends that cam_ll_start_contrast_bm is set at 100lux and

cam_ll_stop_contrast_bm is set at 20lux, but the actual setting is at the discretion of the

user.

The recommended setting for cam_ll_llmode is 0x03. This allows the AS0260 to calculate

both of the 19 knee point curves based on the user inputs, otherwise the user will have to

program the 19 knee point curves.

Gamma Curve Selection

The AS0260 allows the user to select between the two-curve interpolation mode or fixed

mode using either of the curves

Table 7: Gamma Curve Selection

Variable Name Function

VAR(0x0F,0x0008) or

(R0xBC08)

ll_gamma_select 0x00= Auto curve select. The curves will interpolate based on

settings of cam_ll_start_contrast_bm and

cam_ll_stop_contrast_bm 0x01 = Contrast

curve is only used 0x02 =Noise

reduction curve is only used

Cam_ll_inv_brightness_metric

Bright

LightLow

Light

Cam_ll_start_contrast_bm=230

Cam_ll_stop_contrast_bm=1178

Cam_ll_stop_contrast_percentage=25

Cam_ll_start_contrast_luma_percentage=80

Cam_ll_start_contrast_gradient=50

Cam_ll_stop_contrast_gradient=38

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Fade to Black Selection

The final stage of the gamma flow is the enabling and use of fade to black. The AS0260

IFP allows for the image to fade to black under extreme low-light conditions. This feature

enables users to optimize the performance of the sensor under low-light conditions. It

minimizes the perception of noise and artifacts while the available illumination is

diminishing.

This feature has two user set points that reference the brightness of the scene. When the

Fade-to-Black starts, it will interpolate to the end point as the light falls until it gets to the

end point. When at the end point, the image will be black.

ON Semiconductor recommends that cam_ll_start_fade_to_black_luma is set at 10 lux

and cam_ll_stop_fade_to_black_luma is set at 5lux, but the actual setting is at the discre-

tion of the user.

Table 8: Fade-to-Black Selection

Variable Name Function

VAR(0x0F,0x0002) or

(R0xBC02)

ll_mode When bit 3=1 this will enable fade to black feature

VAR(0x12,0x01DA) or

(R0xC9DA)

cam_ll_start_fade_to_black_luma Starting point for fade to black to begin

VAR(0x12,0x01DC) or

(R0xC9DC)

cam_ll_stop_fade_to_black_luma End point for fade to black, after this point the image will be black

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Image Scaling and Cropping

To ensure that the size of images output by the AS0260 can be tailored to the needs of all

users, the IFP includes a scaler module. When enabled, this module performs rescaling

of incoming images—shrinks them to arbitrarily selected width and height without

reducing the field of view and without discarding any pixel values.

By configuring the cropped and output windows to various sizes, different zooming

levels including 4X, 2X, and 1X can be achieved. The location of the cropped window is

configurable so that panning is also supported. The height and width definitions for the

output window must be equal to or smaller than the cropped image. The image crop-

ping and scaler module can be used together to implement a digital zoom and pan.

Hue Rotate

The AS0260 has integrated hue rotate. This feature will help for improving the color

image quality and give customers the flexibility for fine color adjustment and special

color effects.

Figure 24: 0° Hue

Table 9: Hue Control

Variable Name Function

R0x3210[9] Enable Hue Rotate Setting this bit to 1 enables hue rotate

VAR(0x12,0x73) Hue Angle

Adjusts the global hue angle adjustment (if

enabled).

0xEA = –22

0x00 = 0

0x16 = +22

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Figure 25: –22° Hue

Figure 26: +22° Hue

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Vertical Perspective Correction

The AS0260 has vertical perspective correction (VPC), this allows the user to correct

(within limits) for an off-horizontal axis camera.

VPC is performed using a mixture of scale and crop, the variables which control this are:

The effect of using cam_scale_vertical_tc_percentage can be seen below.

Table 10: Variables Controlling VPC

Variable Name Function

VAR(0x12,0x005E) or

(R0xC85E)

cam_scale_vertical_tc_mode When bit 0 is set will depend if the cropping is done through the

center or top or bottom

VAR(0x12,0x0060) or

(R0xC860)

cam_scale_vertical_tc_percentage The amount of tilt (perspective) correction to be applied. If

negative, this value represents% of FOV reduction with the bottom

line unaffected. If positive, this value represents% of FOV

reduction with the top line unaffected

VAR(0x12,0x0062) or

(R0xC862)

cam_scale_vertical_tc_stretch_factor Ratio of vertical stretching against the percentage applied. Vertical

stretching = stretch factor x percentage/2



O riginal Image VPC Co rrected Image

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Cam_scale_vertical_tc_percentage will define how much tilt needs to be corrected for in

percentage terms. When used in conjunction with cam_scale_vertical_tc_stretch_factor,

which will stretch the image vertically.

The effect of using cam_scale_vertical_tc_mode can be seen below.

Uncorrected

image

Uncorrected

image

90% w

Vertical plane is tilted-away from

the camera – therefore the bottom

row of image represents the

nearest point. The nearest point

appears bigger in the uncorrected

image, therefore top/bottom ratio

will be greater than 1.0

Vertical plane is tilted-towards the

camera – therefore the top row of

image represents the nearest point .

The nearest point appears bigger in

the uncorrected image, therefore

the top/bottom ratio with be less

than 1.0

Corrected v ertical plane

Vertical plane

Corrected vertical plane

Case1: CAM_SCALE_V E RT I CAL_TC_PE RCEN T AGE = 10%

Case2: CAM_SCALE_VERTICAL_TC_PERCENTAGE = -10%

Original scen e tilted

MODE_STRECH_FROM _CENTRE _EN = 0 MODE_STRECH_FROM_CENTRE _EN = 1

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Camera Control and Auto Functions

General Purpose I/Os

The three general purpose I/Os (GPIOs) of the AS0260 can be configured in multiple

ways. Each of the I/Os can be used for multiple purposes and can be programmed from

the host. The GPIOs are powered by their own power supply.

Auto Exposure

The auto exposure algorithm performs automatic adjustments of the image brightness

by controlling exposure time and analog gains of the sensor core as well as digital gains

applied to the image.

Auto exposure is implemented by a firmware driver that analyzes image statistics

collected by the exposure measurement engine, makes a decision, and programs the

sensor core and color pipeline to achieve the desired exposure. The measurement

engine subdivides the image into 25 windows organized as a 5 x 5 grid.

Two auto exposure algorithm modes are available:

• Average brightness tracking (ABT) or Average Y (ae_rule_algo=0x00)

The average brightness tracking AE uses a constant average tracking algorithm where

a target brightness value is compared to a current brightness value, and the gain and

integration time are adjusted accordingly to meet the target requirement.

• Weighted Average Brightness (ae_rule_algo=0x01)

Each of the 25 windows can be assigned a weight, which can be changed inde-

pendently of each other. The effect of these weights will allow the center of the image

to be weighted higher than the periphery. See Figure 27.

Figure 27: 5 x 5 Grid

• Adaptive Weighted AE for highlights (ae_rule_algo=0x02)- The scene will be exposed

based on zone luma and will adapt for highlights. This would expose an image when

the background is dark.

• Adaptive Weighted AE for lowlights(ae_rule_algo=0x03)- The scene will be exposed

based on zone luma and will adapt for lowlights. This would expose an image when

the background is brighter.

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Some sample images which show the benefits of the different AE modes

In the use case above the Adaptive weighted for lowlights exposes the face slightly better

when compared to the Weighted Average Brightness. The face is moved off axis and the

images are retaken.

This shows the advantage of using the Adaptive weighted AE (lowlights), when the face

moves off center it still is exposed correctly.

LightBackground

AverageBrightnessTrackingorAverageY     WeightedAverag eBrightness(centre)

Adaptiveweightedbasedonzoneluma(highlights)Adaptiveweightedbasedonzoneluma(lowlights)

Weighted Average Brightness (center)

WeightedAverageBrightness(centre)Adaptivewe ight edba sed onzoneluma

(lowlights)

Weighted Average Brightness (center)

(lowlights)

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In this use case the Adaptive weighted for highlights will expose the face the best when

compared to the other options.

AE Driver

Other algorithm features include the rejection of fast fluctuations in illumination (time

averaging), control of speed of response, and control of the sensitivity to the small

changes. While the default settings are adequate in most situations, the user can

program target brightness, measurement window, and other parameters described

above.

The driver changes AE parameters (integration time, gains, and so on) to drive bright-

ness to the programmable target. The value of the single step approach to the target

value can be controlled.

To avoid unwanted reaction of AE on small fluctuations of scene brightness or momen-

tary scene changes, the AE driver uses a temporal filter for luma and a threshold around

the AE luma target. The driver changes AE parameters only if the buffered luma is larger

than the AE target step and pushes the luma beyond the threshold.

DarkBackground

AverageBrightnessTrackingorAverageY    WeightedAverag eBrightness(centre)

Adaptiveweightedbasedonzoneluma(highlights) Ada ptiveweightedbasedonzoneluma(lowlights)

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Exposure Control

To achieve the required amount of exposure, the AE driver adjusts the sensor integration

time, gains and IFP digital gains. In addition, a variable is available for the user to adjust

the overall brightness of the scene. To reject flicker, integration time is typically adjusted

in increments of steps. The incremental step specifies the duration in row times equal to

one flicker period. Thus, flicker is rejected if integration time is kept a natural factor of

the flicker period.

Auto White Balance

The AS0260 has a built-in AWB algorithm designed to compensate for the effects of

changing spectra of the scene illumination on the quality of the color rendition. The

algorithm consists of two major parts: a measurement engine performing statistical

analysis of the image and a driver performing the selection of the optimal color correc-

tion matrix and SOC digital gain. While default settings of these algorithms are adequate

in most situations, the user can reprogram base color correction matrices, place limits

on color channel gains, and control the speed of both matrix and gain adjustments. The

AS0260 AWB displays in color temperature, the range of which is defined by the

programming of the CCM matrixes.

Flicker Detection and Avoidance

Flicker occurs when the integration time is not an integer multiple of the period of the

light intensity. The AS0260 can be programmed to detect and avoid flicker for 50 or

60 Hz. For integration times below the light intensity period (10ms for 50Hz environ-

ment), flicker cannot be avoided. The AS0260 supports an indoor AE mode, that will

ensure flicker-free operation. The AS0260 will calculate all flicker parameter based on

the sensor settings which are programmed in the cam control variables.

Ambient Light Measurement

To facilitate the measurement of the ambient light lux level used in the dimming of note-

book computer LCD screens and other light-sensitive peripherals, the AS0260 has an

ambient light measurement mode. This mode takes the image data from the scene and

translates it to a value that can be read by the host system over the two-wire serial inter-

face. This ambient light measurement can be made during normal video streaming or

during soft-standby.

Presence Detection

The AS0260 offers a presence detection mode to reduce the amount of processing the

host system needs to do in power regulation (LCD dimming or on/off controls) func-

tions. This presence detection mode operates only when the AS0260 is placed in soft-

standby mode. When the presence of a large object (like a person sitting down in front of

a notebook computer) is detected by the image sensor, a register bit is changed to indi-

cate an object's presence has been detected. During presence detection mode, the host

system is expected to regularly poll this bit over the two-wire serial interface to deter-

mine if and when an object's presence has been detected.

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Output Conversion and Formatting

The YUV data stream can either exit the color pipeline as is or be converted before exit to

an alternative YUV or RGB data format.

Color Conversion Formulas

Y'U'V'

This conversion is BT 601 scaled to make YUV range from 0 through 255. This setting is

recommended for JPEG encoding and is the most popular, although it is not well defined

and often misused in various operating systems.

(EQ 1)

(EQ 2)

(EQ 3)

There is an option where 128 is not added to U'V'.

Y'Cb'Cr' Using sRGB Formulas

The AS0260 implements the sRGB standard. This option provides YCbCr coefficients for

a correct 4:2:2 transmission.

Note: 16 < Y601< 235; 16 < Cb < 240; 16 < Cr < 240; and 0 < = RGB < = 255

(EQ 4)

(EQ 5)

(EQ 6)

Y'U'V' Using sRGB Formulas

These are similar to the previous set of formulas, but have YUV spanning a range of 0

through 255.

(EQ 7)

(EQ 8)

(EQ 9)

There is an option to disable adding 128 to U'V'. The reverse transform is as follows:

(EQ 10)

(EQ 11)

(EQ 12)



0.299 R



0.587 G



0.114 B







0.564 (B



–128+





0.713 (R



–128+





(0.2126 R



0.7152 G



0.0722 B



(219 256) + 16







0.5389 (B



(224 256) + 128



–





0.635 (R



(224 256) + 128



–





0.2126 R



0.7152 G



0.0722 B







0.5389 (B



)–128 0.1146–R '0.3854 G'0.5 B'128+



–





0.635 (R



–



128 0.5 R '0.4542 G '0.0458 B'128+



–



–



=+=



Y 1.5748 V 128–





Y 0.1873 (U 128–



–0.4681 (V 128)–



–=



Y 1.8556 (U 128)–



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Uncompressed YUV/RGB Data Ordering

The AS0260 supports swapping YCbCr mode, as illustrated in Table 11.

The RGB output data ordering in default mode is shown in Table 12. The odd and even

bytes are swapped when luma/chroma swap is enabled. R and B channels are bitwise

swapped when chroma swap is enabled.

Uncompressed Bayer Bypass Output

Raw or processed 10-bit Bayer data from the sensor core can be output in bypass mode

by:

1. Using both DOUT[7:0] and DOUT_LSB[1:0].

2. Using only DOUT[7:0] with a special 8 + 2 data format, shown in Table 13.

Table 11: YCbCr Output Data Ordering

Mode Data Sequence

Default (no swap) CbiYiCriYi+1

Swapped CrCb CriYiCbiYi+1

Swapped YC YiCbiYi+1 Cri

Swapped CrCb, YC YiCriYi+1 Cbi

Table 12: RGB Ordering in Default Mode

Mode (Swap Disabled) Byte D7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0

565RGB Odd R7R6R5R4R3G7G6G5

Even G4G3G2B7B6B5B4B3

555RGB Odd 0 R7R6R5R4R3G7G6

Even G4G3G2B7B6B5B4B3

444xRGB Odd R7R6R5R4G7G6G5G4

Even B7B6B5B4 0 0 0 0

x444RGB Odd 0 0 0 0 R7R6R5R4

Even G7G6G5G4B7B6B5B4

Table 13: 2-Byte Bayer Format

2-Byte Bayer

Format Bits Used Bit Sequence

Odd bytes 8 data bits D9D8D7D6D5D4D3D2

Even bytes 2 data bits + 6 unused bits 0 0 0 0 0 0 D1D0

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JPEG Encoder

The JPEG compression engine in the AS0260 is a highly integrated, high-performance

solution that provides for low power consumption and programmability of JPEG

compression parameters for image quality control.

The JPEG encoding block is designed for continuous image flow and is ideal for low

power applications. After initial configuration for a target application, it can be

controlled easily for instantaneous stop or restart. A flexible configuration and control

interface allows for full programmability of various JPEG-specific parameters and tables.

JPEG Encoding Highlights

• Sequential DCT (baseline) ISO/IEC 10918-1 JPEG-compliant

• Grayscale and YCbCr 4:2:2 format compression

• Support for JPEG 4:2:0 output for image widths that are less than 960 pixels

• Support for two pairs of programmable quantization tables

• Support for user-defined quantization tables

• Quality/compression ratio control capability

• 30 fps JPEG capability at full resolution with or without JFIF-compliant header

• Programmable automatic control of compression ratio

• JPEG encoded stream can work in continuous mode or spoof mode

• JPEG encoded stream working in continuous mode can only transmit on the parallel

output port

• In spoof mode, data is output with programmed spoof frame sizes; dummy pixels

may be padded as necessary

• Support for Scalado SpeedTags™

• MIPI data types can be used to output a status segment with a different datatype code

than the JPEG data

• Spoof-frame height can be ignored in spoof mode

• Optional JFIF header generation

JPEG Output Interface

JPEG Data

JPEG data can be output in both the parallel and the serial MIPI streams. In the parallel

output interface, JPEG data is output on the 8-bit parallel bus DOUT[7:0], with FV, LV, and

PIXCLK. JPEG output data is valid when both FV and LV are asserted. When the JPEG

data output for the frame completes, LV and FV are de-asserted.

The AS0260 can transmit JPEG data using two different formats: JPEG continuous

stream and JPEG spoof stream. In both formats, JPEG status segments containing infor-

mation (resolution, file size, and status) about the image can be inserted into the output

streams. The following sections describe the two streaming methods.

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JPEG Continuous Stream

JPEG continuous stream goes out only through the parallel output interface, and

supports the following features:

•Duplicate FV on LV

• Append JPEG status segment at the end of the data stream

When enabled, the pixel clock output can be generated continuously during invalid data

periods (between FV and between LV). In this streaming mode, the amount of valid data

within each line (LV = 1) is variable. Figure 28 through Figure 29 on page 39 are examples

of the JPEG stream through the parallel output interface.

Figure 28 illustrates data output when the pixel clock output is generated continuously

during invalid data periods. LV is of variable length based on data output rate.

In default mode, data transitions on the falling edge of PIXCLK and the host must

capture data on the rising edge of PIXCLK. The PIXCLK is also configurable and its

polarity can be reversed through the use of register settings.

Figure 28: JPEG Continuous Data Output

JPEG Spoof Stream

The JPEG compressed data can be output in spoof mode. The amount of expected pixel

data is defined by the spoof width and spoof height registers. If the valid JPEG data is less

than expected size defined, a dummy data pattern with a value of 0xFF will be padded.

There is an option to ignore spoof height so dummy data padding is limited to less than

one spoof line.

When enabled, the pixel clock output can be generated continuously during invalid data

periods (between FV and between LV). In spoof streaming mode, the amount of valid

data within each line (LV = 1) is constant.

Figure 29 illustrates the JPEG spoof output when pixel clock is generated continuously

during invalid data periods between LV. The status segment is inserted at the end of the

stream.

PIXCLK

OUT

[7:0]

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Figure 29: JPEG Spoof Mode Timing with Continuous Clock

JPEG Spoof Stream in MIPI Output Mode

In MIPI output mode, only the JPEG spoof stream can be output. Similar to the parallel

output interface, the amount of expected pixel data is defined by the spoof width and

spoof height registers. If the valid JPEG data is less than expected size defined, dummy

data will be padded.

JPEG Status Segment

To provide the user quick knowledge of the status when the JPEG is enabled, a JPEG

status segment can be appended at the end of frame. The status segment can be

enclosed by SOSI/EOSI codes, as shown in Figure 30.

Figure 30: JPEG Status Segment Structure

The contents of the status segment are summarized as follows:

• SOSI, start of status information, which is coded as 0xFFBC

•Original image size:

– Reserved (4 bytes, 0x00)

– The width of uncompressed full image (2 bytes)

– The height of uncompressed full image (2 bytes)

• Byte count in compressed JPEG frame (4 bytes)

• Status (2 bytes)

• EOSI, end of status information, which is coded as 0xFFBD

There are configurable options that can be set to match legacy parts.

Scalado SpeedTags™ Support

The AS0260 supports Scalado SpeedTags™ by inserting markers into the JPEG stream.

This is enabled by the register bit TX_SS.jpeg_ctrl.jpeg_insert_rajpeg_markers.

Status Segment

Dummy Data

PIXCLK

DOUT[7:0]

SOSI

0xFFBC

(optional)

EOSI

0xFFBD

(optional)

Original

Image Size 8 bytes

(optional)

TXF

Status

(2 bytes)

Frame

Length

(4 bytes)

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MJPEG Format

The AS0260 supports an MJPEG formatted data output stream. The descriptions

following are based on what the SOC will deliver to a host USB bridge device with which

the SOC would be combined to form a camera for PC applications. The USB Bridge host

is responsible for assembling the individual frames from the SOC into a USB Video Class

(UVC) video data stream.

Stream Breakdown

An MJPEG video stream consists of the following sequence of data sections. Each JPEG

frame must have the following characteristics:

•Color Encoding is YCbCr

• 8 bits per color component, (24 bits/pixel before subsampling)

• 422 Subsampling

• Baseline sequential DCT (SOF0)

Video Stream Header

This section of the video stream is not implemented in the AS0260. The content of this

section is determined by the host.

MJPEG Frame Header

This section of the video stream is not implemented in the AS0260. The content of this

section is determined by the host. This section is just 8 bytes of information at the start

of each frame. The first 4 bytes are:

0x30 0x30 0x64 0x62 # 00db

The next 4 bytes are the length of the following JPEG frame including all the bytes

described in sections 3.3 - 3.5. The 4 byte count value is output LSB first. For example, if

the JPEG data was 0x0002_51dc bytes long, the last 4 bytes in the MJPEG frame header

would be:

0xdc, 0x51, 0x02, 0x00

Since this field contains the byte count of the compressed JPEG data, it cannot be added

by the AS0260, but must be added by the host after frame compression is complete and

the byte count known.

JPEG Header Without Huffman Tables

This is a normal JPEG header except for the fact that the DHT segment (Define Huffman

Table) is not included. The Huffman table is not included because the MJPEG spec

defines the Huffman table to be fixed for all frames. The header segments that will be

included are listed below including examples. Note that data values in the examples are

in hex. Comments are in decimal.

• SOI, Start of Image. 2 bytes.

ff d8

• APP0, Application Segment 0. N bytes. Example JFIF marker:

ff e0 00 10

4a 46 49 46 00 01 02 00 00 01 00 01 00 00

• DQT, Define Quantization Tables. 134 bytes. Example:

ff db 00 84

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# 8-bit, Table 0

# 8-bit, Table 1

The quantization table can be adjusted for each frame for more or less compression.

• DRI, Define Restart Interval. 6 bytes. Example:

ff dd 00 04 00 78

This segment is optional. The host will determine whether to include Restart markers

and at what interval.

• SOF0, Start of Frame 0. 19 bytes. Example:

ff c0 00 11

• SOS, Start of Scan. 14 bytes. Example:

ff da 00 0c

Compressed Data With or Without Restart Markers

This is the compressed binary data of the frame which can be decoded to display the

captured image. The SOC can be configured to insert restart marker at programmable

intervals.

EOI

This is the End of Image code. It is only 2 bytes long.

ff d9

10 0b 0c 0e 0c 0a 10 0e 0d 0e 12 11 10 13 18 28

1a 18 16 16 18 31 23 25 1d 28 3a 33 3d 3c 39 33

38 37 40 48 5c 4e 40 44 57 45 37 38 50 6d 51 57

5f 62 67 68 67 3e 4d 71 79 70 64 78 5c 65 67 63

11 12 12 18 15 18 2f 1a 1a 2f 63 42 38 42 63 63

63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63

08 # Sample precision

04 38 # Number of rows = 1080

07 80 # Number of columns = 1920

03 # Number of components

01 21 00 # Component 1: HSF= 2, VSF = 1, Q Table = 0

02 11 01 # Component 2: HSF= 1, VSF = 1, Q Table = 1

03 11 01 # Component 3: HSF= 1, VSF = 1, Q Table = 1

03 # Number of components

01 00 # Component 1: DC table 0, AC table 0

02 11 # Component 2: DC table 1, AC table 1

03 11 # Component 3: DC table 1, AC table 1

00 # Start of spectral selection

3f # End of spectral selection

00 # Successive approximation high/low

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Optional Padding

Padding between frames is optional and may be added by the host if desired. The data

values used for padding are not defined.

Video Stream Footer

The items from MJPEG header to Optional Padding (inclusive) described above are

repeated once per frame until the end of the video stream, after which a data section

may be added at the end of the video stream. Addition of this section is left to the host.

Huffman Table

JPEG implementations exists in many ON Semiconductor parts, include the Huffman

table (in the DHT segment.) The AS0260 will use the Huffman Table defined in the

MJPEG specification (listed below) and will not include the Huffman Table in the header,

also as defined by that specification.

The required Huffman table (copied from BMPDIB.TXT) is:

/* Default DHT Segment */

MJPGHDTSEG_STORAGE BYTE MJPGDHTSeg[0x1A0] = {

/* JPEG DHT Segment for YCrCb omitted from MJPG data */

0xFF 0xC4 0x01 0xA2

0x00 0x00 0x01 0x05 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

0x00 0x00 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0A 0x0B 0x01

0x00 0x03 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

0x00 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07 0x08 0x09 0x0A 0x0B 0x10 0x00

0x02 0x01 0x03 0x03 0x02 0x04 0x03 0x05 0x05 0x04 0x04 0x00 0x00 0x01 0x7D

0x01 0x02 0x03 0x00 0x04 0x11 0x05 0x12 0x21 0x31 0x41 0x06 0x13 0x51 0x61

0x07 0x22 0x71 0x14 0x32 0x81 0x91 0xA1 0x08 0x23 0x42 0xB1 0xC1 0x15 0x52

0xD1 0xF0 0x24 0x33 0x62 0x72 0x82 0x09 0x0A 0x16 0x17 0x18 0x19 0x1A 0x25

0x26 0x27 0x28 0x29 0x2A 0x34 0x35 0x36 0x37 0x38 0x39 0x3A 0x43 0x44 0x45

0x46 0x47 0x48 0x49 0x4A 0x53 0x54 0x55 0x56 0x57 0x58 0x59 0x5A 0x63 0x64

0x65 0x66 0x67 0x68 0x69 0x6A 0x73 0x74 0x75 0x76 0x77 0x78 0x79 0x7A 0x83

0x84 0x85 0x86 0x87 0x88 0x89 0x8A 0x92 0x93 0x94 0x95 0x96 0x97 0x98 0x99

0x9A 0xA2 0xA3 0xA4 0xA5 0xA6 0xA7 0xA8 0xA9 0xAA 0xB2 0xB3 0xB4 0xB5 0xB6

0xB7 0xB8 0xB9 0xBA 0xC2 0xC3 0xC4 0xC5 0xC6 0xC7 0xC8 0xC9 0xCA 0xD2 0xD3

0xD4 0xD5 0xD6 0xD7 0xD8 0xD9 0xD

0xE1 0xE2 0xE3 0xE4 0xE5 0xE6 0xE7 0xE8

0xE9 0xEA 0xF1 0xF2 0xF3 0xF4 0xF5 0xF6 0xF7 0xF8 0xF9 0xFA 0x11 0x00 0x02

0x01 0x02 0x04 0x04 0x03 0x04 0x07 0x05 0x04 0x04 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x77 0x00

0x01 0x02 0x03 0x11 0x04 0x05 0x21 0x31 0x06 0x12 0x41 0x51 0x07 0x61 0x71

0x13 0x22 0x32 0x81 0x08 0x14 0x42 0x91 0xA1 0xB1 0xC1 0x09 0x23 0x33 0x52

0xF0 0x15 0x62 0x72 0xD1 0x0A 0x16 0x24 0x34 0xE1 0x25 0xF1 0x17 0x18 0x19

0x1A 0x26 0x27 0x28 0x29 0x2A 0x35 0x36 0x37 0x38 0x39 0x3A 0x43 0x44 0x45

0x46 0x47 0x48 0x49 0x4A 0x53 0x54 0x55 0x56 0x57 0x58 0x59 0x5A 0x63 0x64

0x65 0x66 0x67 0x68 0x69 0x6A 0x73 0x74 0x75 0x76 0x77 0x78 0x79 0x7A 0x82

0x83 0x84 0x85 0x86 0x87 0x88 0x89 0x8A 0x92 0x93 0x94 0x95 0x96 0x97 0x98

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Host Stream Assembly

The output from the SOC will be in frames. Each frame will contain the following data;

JPEG header without Huffman tables, Compressed data with or without restart markers

and EOI. The host will need to add the following data; Video stream header, MJPEG

frame header, Optional padding and Video stream footer and assemble all the data

components in the correct sequence to create the UVC compliant stream.

0x99 0x9A 0xA2 0xA3 0xA4 0xA5 0xA6 0xA7 0xA8 0xA9 0xAA 0xB2 0xB3 0xB4 0xB5

0xB6 0xB7 0xB8 0xB9 0xBA 0xC2 0xC3 0xC4 0xC5 0xC6 0xC7 0xC8 0xC9 0xCA 0xD2

0xD3 0xD4 0xD5 0xD6 0xD7 0xD8 0xD9 0xD

0xE2 0xE3 0xE4 0xE5 0xE6 0xE7 0xE8

0xE9 0xEA 0xF2 0xF3 0xF4 0xF5 0xF6 0xF7 0xF8 0xF9 0xFA

};

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UVC Interface

The AS0260 supports a set of UVC (USB Video Class) controls, in order to simplify the

integration of the AS0260 with a host's USB bridge (or ISP) device.

The AS0260 firmware includes a 'UVC Control' component that augments the CamCon-

trol variables. The UVC Control component sits above the CamControl interface (in

terms of abstraction) and acts as a 'virtual host'. The intention is that CamControl and

all other components are unaware of the UVC Control component.

UVC Control exposes a new 'UVC control' page of shared variables to the host. This page

contains variables compliant with the UVC 1.1 specification (where possible). The vari-

ables on this page are named to match the UVC specification, and have matching data

sizes, units and ranges as required. Each UVC variable is 'virtual' - it does not control any

AS0260 function directly.

AS0260 therefore provides a 'dual-personality' host interface:

The primary CamControl interface, this interface exposes the full feature-set of the

device.

The secondary UVC Control interface, which simplifies integration of AS0260 into a PC-

Cam application.

Constraints

There are a number of constraints imposed on the host in order to simplify the imple-

mentation of the UVC feature; the following sections will detail the limitations.

No Simultaneous Operation There is a constraint that these two interfaces should not

be used by the host simultaneously. The assumption is that the host will use the

CamControl interface at start-up to configure the part as desired. The host can then

continue to use the CamControl interface, or it can use the UVC Control interface. The

reason for this constraint is that as stated earlier, the UVC Control component acts as a

virtual host - the other firmware components do not know of its existence. UVC Control

modifies selected CamControl variables in order to control the AS0260.

No Coherency The AS0260 cannot guarantee coherency between the UVC Control

interface and the CamControl interface. The value of variables on the UVC Control page

may only reflect the last change made by the host (or the default value) - there is no

immediate coherency between a UVC Control variable and its equivalent CamControl

counterpart.

For example, suppose the host sets the desired scene brightness via the UVC Control

page. The AS0260 then sets the target brightness via the CamControl page. Reading the

current desired brightness on the UVC Control will return the original UVC value, not

the actual value being used by the AS0260.

Note however that the converse is not true; changes to UVC Control variables are

reflected in the CamControl Control variables, because the UVC Control feature acts as a

virtual host - it modifies the CamControl variables itself.

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The CamControl and UVC Control interfaces will be coherent (where applicable) on

completion of a 'Refresh' command. If a UVC variable's coherency is not applicable this

will be stated in the variable's description.

No Multivariable Atomic Changes All UVC control variable changes will be indepen-

dent - there is no mechanism to 'group' a set of changes to variables together (as in the

'Refresh' command for the CamControl variables). If multiple UVC control variables are

changed, there is no guarantee that all changes will occur on the same frame.

Indeterminate Change Latency The latency from when a UVC variable is changed, to

when the change takes effect, is indeterminate, and is dependent on where within the

frame the UVC change is made. The worse-case latency is two frames. The AS0260

implements the 'Wait For Event' command to allow the host to synchronize to the

AS0260 frame timing, and to be sure that a UVC change has been applied.

UVC Control Interface

The following subsections detail the variables exposed by the UVC page. Each variable is

documented in its own subsection, including its valid range and default value.

Note: The default value of most UVC control variables is dependent upon the underlying

CamControl interface configuration, which is determined by the host at start-up.

All UVC control variables must indicate whether a change was accepted via the

UVC_RESULT_STATUS variable (R0xCC24 or VAR(0x13,0x0024)). This variable is

provided for diagnostic purposes only, to help track down why changes to UVC variables

are being ignored. It does not form part of the UVC 1.1 standard.

Whenever a change is made to a UVC variable, the firmware will process the change and

indicate the result of the change in UVC_RESULT_STATUS. Typically, a value of ENOERR

will indicate the change was accepted. Any other value indicates the change was

rejected. Table 1 shows the result status codes and their typical interpretations. Where

the typical interpretation does not match Table 1, this will be indicated within the indi-

vidual UVC variable documentation.

The host must be aware that UVC_RESULT_STATUS will always indicate the result of the

last-changed UVC variable; the previous value of UVC_RESULT_STATUS will be over-

written by each subsequent change. If the host simultaneously modifies multiple UVC

variables during the same frame, UVC_RESULT_STATUS will only indicate ENOERR if all

changes were accepted. If any change is rejected, there is no mechanism for the host to

determine which change it was. It is therefore strongly recommended that during devel-

opment, the host only modify one UVC variable per-frame.

Table 14: UVC_Result_Status Codes

Value Mnemonic Typical Interpretation (each variable may re-interpret)

0x00 ENOERR No error - change was accepted and acted upon

0x08 EACCES Permission denied

0x09 EBUSY Entity busy, cannot support operation

0x0C EINVAL Invalid argument

0x0E ERANGE Parameter out-of-range

0x0F ENOSYS Operation not supported

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Auto-Exposure Mode

This mode enables or disables the auto-exposure function of the AS0260.

The UVC_AE_MODE_CONTROL variable controls the AS0260 auto-exposure algorithm.

When auto-exposure is enabled, the AS0260 will automatically choose the appropriate

frame interval, exposure time and gain to achieve the desired image brightness.

Image brightness is controlled through the UVC_BRIGHTNESS_CONTROL variable.

When auto-exposure is disabled, the frame interval, exposure time and gain can be

manually controlled through the UVC_FRAME_INTERVAL_CONTROL, UVC_EXPO-

SURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL and UVC_GAIN_CONTROL variables.

A valid setting for this control will only have one bit set (bits 0 to 3) - any other combina-

tion of bits will be rejected with EINVAL; the current setting will not be changed.

When the host switches from auto-exposure mode to manual-exposure mode, the SOC

will update the values of UVC_FRAME_INTERVAL_CONTROL, UVC_EXPOSURE_-

TIME_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL and UVC_GAIN_CONTROL to reflect the current settings

(the previous contents of these variables will be lost).

The range of valid values for this control is chosen to map directly to the UVC 1.1 stan-

dard. UVC combines auto- and manual iris control with auto- and manual exposure

control - therefore there is some duplication within the bits supported. The assumption

is that the USB bridge/ISP device will implement auto/manual iris control where

required; this function is not supported by the AS0260.

Auto-Exposure Priority

Controls the operation of the frame-rate control function of the Auto-Exposure algo-

rithm.

The auto-exposure priority control is only active when auto-exposure is enabled (see

Auto-Exposure Mode). When auto-exposure is disabled, changes to auto-exposure

priority will be rejected with EACCES.

The AS0260 auto-exposure algorithm supports two variable frame-rate modes,

controlled via the CAM_AET_AEMODE[CAM_AET_MODE_DISCRETE_FRAME_RATE]

flag. The variable frame-rate mode selected when UVC_AE_PRIORITY_CONTROL is

VARIABLE_FRAME_RATE depends upon the current CAM_AET_AEMODE setting. The

minimum frame-rate is also controlled by the CamControl variables.

The assumption is that the host will configure the variable frame-rate support at device

start-up, via the CamControl interface. If the configuration is such that variable frame-

rate is disabled, attempts to set UVC_AE_PRIORITY_CONTROL to VARIABLE_-

FRAME_RATE will be rejected with ENOSYS.

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC00

VAR(0x13,0x0000)

UVC_AE_MODE_CONTROL BITFIELD8 Dependent upon CAM

configuration

Variable Name Type Default

0xCC02

VAR(0x13,0x0002)

UVC_AE_PRIORITY_CONTROL UINT8 Dependent upon CAM

configuration

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tal Image Sensor

Note that changing the auto-exposure priority setting to CONSTANT_FRAME_RATE will

result in a 'restart' of the AE algorithm. This may result in a number of poorly exposed

frames.

Exposure Time (Absolute)

The exposure time (absolute) control is only active when auto-exposure is disabled (see

Auto-Exposure Mode). When auto-exposure is enabled, changes to exposure time (abso-

lute) will be rejected with EBUSY.

The default value of UVC_EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL is undefined when

auto-exposure is enabled. In the event that auto-exposure is disabled, the default value

is the active exposure time at the time the change is made.

The permitted range of exposure times is dependent upon the current CamControl

configuration (pixel clock speed and sensor configuration). Attempts to set an exposure

time outside this range will be accepted, but clamped to the current minimum or

maximum. UVC_RESULT_STATUS will be set to ERANGE to indicate a clamp has

occurred.

The UVC_MANUAL_EXPOSURE_CONFIG variable configures whether the exposure

time can exceed the current frame interval (as set by UVC_FRAME_INTERVAL_CON-

TROL). The configuration variable also determines whether the host can set any expo-

sure time, or only multiples of the power line frequency period (to avoid flicker). Note

that any clamping of UVC_EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL due to a frame

interval limitation, or a flicker avoidance limitation, is silent; UVC_RESULT_STATUS will

not be affected.

Variable Name Type Default

0xCC04

VAR(0x13,0x0004)

UVC_EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE_CONTRO

UINT32 Undefined until AE mode

disabled

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Backlight Compensation

The backlight compensation control helps the AS0260 auto-exposure (AE) algorithm

correctly exposure the image for typical backlit scenes. The AS0260 has an AE 'window'

that controls which parts of the scene should be considered by the auto-exposure algo-

rithm. This window control is not part of the UVC interface (see CAM_STAT_AE_INI-

TIAL_WINDOW_xxx). The AS0260 divides the AE window into a grid of 5 x 5 'zones'.

Each zone has a weighting factor, which allows the host to prioritize the average bright-

ness of some zones more than others (when being considered by the AE algorithm).

• When backlight compensation is disabled, the AS0260 will apply the same weighting

to all zones - this is equivalent to taking the average brightness of the entire AE

window.

• When backlight compensation level 1 is enabled, the AS0260 will apply a 'backlight

compensation' map of weights to the zones, in order to prioritize the central zones

over outlying zones (on the assumption that the region-of-interest is within the centre

of the AE window). The zone weight map is static, configured by the AE_RULE_AE_-

WEIGHT_TABLE_N_M variables, and is not under UVC Control.

• When backlight compensation level 2 is enabled, the AS0260 employs an adaptive

algorithm, which uses the average brightness of each zone to determine the zone

weighting. Darker zones have more weighting. Level 2 uses medium strength adaptive

weighting, where the zone weighting applied is a 50/50 blend of the static and adap-

tive weighting.

• Backlight compensation level 3 is similar to level 2, except only the adaptive weighting

is applied to the zone weighting.

• Backlight compensation level 4 uses the static weight map as in level 1, but centres

the AE 'window' to the central 9 zones. The average brightness of the 16 outlier zones

is not calculated.

Changes to this control will be rejected with EACCES when auto-exposure mode is

disabled.

Brightness

The brightness control is used to set the desired brightness of the scene when auto-

exposure mode is enabled. When auto-exposure is disabled, any change will be rejected

with EACCES.

The brightness of a scene is measured by the average luma of the pixels enclosed by the

AE window The auto-exposure algorithm will attempt to keep the average luma of these

pixels at the desired brightness (within configurable thresholds for smoothing the adap-

tion rate).

Increasing the desired brightness of a scene may result in a change in frame-rate if

UVC_AE_PRIORITY_CONTROL is set to VARIABLE_FRAME_RATE. Conversely, reducing

the desired brightness may increase frame-rate.

Variable Name Type Default

0xCC08

VAR(0x13,0x0008)

UVC_BACKLIGHT_COMPENSATION_CONTROL UINT16 Dependent upon CAM

configuration

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC0A

VAR(0x13,0x000A)

UVC_BRIGHTNESS_CONTROL UINT16 Dependent upon CAM

configuration

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tal Image Sensor

The AS0260 does not maintain coherency between UVC_BRIGHTNESS_CONTROL and

CAM_AET_TARGET_AVG_LUMA. Issue a Refresh command to force coherency.

Contrast

The AS0260 supports a brightness-dependent contrast control, exposed through the

Camcontrol interface. The actual amount of contrast applied (each frame) is dependent

upon the estimated brightness of the scene. This allows the AS0260 to adapt to various

scene lighting conditions.

The Camcontrol interface provides two contrast settings; one for bright scenes - the

'contrast enhancement' setting, and one for dark scenes - the 'noise reduction' setting.

The AS0260 calculates a 'brightness-metric' each frame - this represents the estimated

brightness of the scene (note the metric is inverse - the smaller the metric, the brighter

the scene). The CAM Control interface supports contrast 'start' and 'stop' controls

(specified in brightness-metric units) which indicate the knee points for the brightness-

dependent contrast.

As shown in Figure 31, if the brightness-metric is below the start point, the Lowlight

algorithm applies the 'contrast enhancement' setting. If the metric is above the stop

point, the 'noise-reduction' setting is applied. If the metric is between the two points,

the Lowlight algorithm calculates the applied contrast by linear interpolation between

the 'contrast enhancement' and 'noise-reduction' settings, proportional to the bright-

ness-metric.

Figure 31: Brightness-Dependent Contrast Control

The UVC contrast variable controls both the 'contrast enhancement' and 'noise-reduc-

tion' contrast settings. The 'contrast enhancement' value is set directly by UVC contrast.

The 'noise-reduction' value is set proportionally according to the ratio between the CAM

'contrast enhancement' and 'noise-reduction' contrast variable settings.

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC0C

VAR(0x13,0x000C)

UVC_CONTRAST_CONTROL UINT16

UFIXED5

32 (contrast gradient of

1.0)

Contrast

Brightness

-Metric

Contrast

Enhancement

Noise-

Reduction

Start Stop

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tal Image Sensor

In all cases, the contrast value represents the gradient of the contrast adjustment curve,

measured at the target brightness point (as controlled by UVC_BRIGHTNESS_CON-

TROL). The AS0260 supports a range of gradients from 0.5 to 2.0; UVC represents this as

a contrast range from 16 (0.5) to 64 (2.0). It shows the range of contrasts that can be

selected. Note the contrast gradient is measured at the inflection point in the curves -

this inflection point is also dependent upon the brightness-metric.

Note that the AS0260 may not support every code within the allowed UVC contrast

range; the AS0260 will round to the nearest code.

Note that the automatic contrast curve calculation as supported by the CAM Control

interface can be disabled. In this event, attempts to change the UVC contrast will be

rejected with EACCES.

The AS0260 does not maintain coherency between UVC_CONTRAST_CONTROL and the

CAM Control variable equivalents.

Gain

The gain control determines the amount of gain applied by the sensor and AS0260 when

auto-exposure mode is disabled. If auto-exposure is enabled, any changes will be

rejected with EBUSY.

UVC_GAIN_CONTROL will not reflect the current gain applied when auto-exposure

mode is enabled. When auto-exposure is disabled with UVC_AUTO_EXPOSURE_MODE,

this variable will reflect the active gain at that time.

The permitted range of gains is dependent upon the current CAM Control sensor config-

uration. Attempts to set a gain outside this range will be accepted, but clamped to the

current minimum or maximum. UVC_RESULT_STATUS will be set to ERANGE to indi-

cate a clamp has occurred.

Power Line Frequency Control

The power line frequency control specifies the local power line frequency. This allows

the auto-exposure algorithm to limit exposure time to multiples of this frequency, in

order to avoid image flicker.

Note the AS0260 does not support the UVC 'Disabled' setting - flicker avoidance cannot

be disabled for all lighting levels. However, this value will not be rejected in order to

conform to the UVC 1.1 standard. The AS0260 will continue using the last-set value, and

the variable will continue to read-back the last-set value.

Note that the UVC_FLICKER_AVOIDANCE_CONFIG configuration variable allows the

host to enable an 'outdoor' mode, which permits exposure times that are less than the

flicker frequency.

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC0E

VAR(0x13,0x000E)

UVC_GAIN_CONTROL UINT16

UFIXED

Dependent on gain applied when AE mode is disabled.

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC03

VAR(0x13,0x0003)

UVC_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_CONTRO

UINT8 Dependent upon CAM

configuration

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tal Image Sensor

The AS0260 does not maintain coherency between UVC_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_-

CONTROL and the CAM Control variable equivalent. Issue a Refresh command to force

coherency.

Hue Control

The hue control sets the amount of hue adjustment (rotation) applied by the AS0260.

Hue adjustment is global—it affects all pixels in the image.

The AS0260 does not support every code within the permitted range; the AS0260 will

round the set value to the nearest supported code.

Saturation Control

The AS0260 supports a brightness-dependent saturation control, exposed through the

CAM control interface. The actual amount of saturation applied (each frame) is depen-

dent upon the estimated brightness of the scene. This allows the AS0260 to adapt to

various scene lighting conditions. This is very similar to the contrast control adaption.

A lowlight saturation value of zero means no color-correction. A UVC saturation of zero

means grey-scale; a monochrome image. In both cases, a value of 128 means 'unity' - the

CCM will not be altered. In both cases, a value above 128 results in a 'boosted' CCM.

Sharpness Control

Controls the amount of sharpening adjustment applied to the image by the AS0260.

The AS0260 supports a brightness-dependent sharpness control, exposed through the

CAM control interface. The actual amount of sharpening applied (each frame) is depen-

dent upon the estimated brightness of the scene. This allows the AS0260 to adapt to

various scene lighting conditions. This is very similar to the contrast control adaption -

see section 6.7.

The CAM control interface provides two sharpness controls; one for brighter scenes, and

one for dark scenes. These correspond to the brightness-metric knee points. If the

brightness-metric is below the start point, the Lowlight algorithm applies the 'bright'

sharpness. If the metric is above the stop point, the 'dark' setting is applied. If the metric

is between the two points, the Lowlight algorithm calculates the sharpness by linear

interpolation between the 'bright' and 'dark' settings, proportional to the brightness-

metric. The result of the Lowlight calculation is termed the 'lowlight' sharpness.

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC10

VAR(0x13,0x0010)

UVC_HUE_CONTROL INT16 Dependent upon CAM

configuration

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC12

VAR(0x13,0x0012)

UVC_SATURATION_CONTROL UINT16

UFIXED7 128 (unity)

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC14

VAR(0x13,0x0014)

UVC_SHARPNESS_CONTROL INT16 0 (no sharpening adjustment)

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Figure 32: UVC Sharpness Control Flow

The UVC sharpness control is implemented as a relative adjustment to the 'lowlight'

sharpness, as shown in Figure 2. For example, Table 15 shows how the UVC sharpness

control affects a nominal lowlight sharpness of three. The actual sharpness value used is

limited to the range 0 to +7. To ensure no sharpening is applied, set UVC sharpness to -7.

The UVC sharpness control is effectively a clamp on the adaptive sharpness range that

the SOC can apply. The clamp ranges are shown in Table 16.

Table 15: UVC Adjustment of Lowlight Sharpness

Lowlight Sharpness UVC Sharpness Actual Sharpness

30+3

3+3+6

3+7+7

3-30

3-70

Table 16: UVC Sharpness vs. Adaptive Sharpness Range

UVC sharpness setting Adaptive sharpness range

-7 0

-6 0 to 1

-5 0 to 2

-4 0 to 3

-3 0 to 4

-2 0 to 5

-1 0 to 6

00 to 7

Start Sharpness Stop Sharpness

Brightness-Metric

Interpolation

Lowlight

Sharpness

UVC Sharpness +

Actual Sharpness

Lowlight

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Gamma Control

Controls the amount of gamma correction applied by the AS0260

The gamma control adjusts the amount of gamma correction applied by the SOC. The

value of the control is expressed in units multiplied by 100. Note that the gamma value

represents the 'display' gamma - this is the gamma of the final display terminal. The

AS0260 applies the reciprocal of the display gamma.

Note that the automatic gamma curve calculation as supported by the Camcontrol

interface can be disabled. In this event, attempts to change the UVC gamma will be

rejected with EACCES.

The AS0260 does not maintain coherency between UVC_GAMMA_CONTROL and the

Camcontrol variable equivalent. Issue a Refresh command to force coherency.

White Balance Temperature Control

Controls the white balance temperature adjustment applied by the AS0260 (when auto-

white-balance is disabled)

The white balance temperature control sets the white-balance temperature applied by

the AS0260 when the auto-white-balance (AWB) algorithm is disabled. Attempts to set

this control when AWB is enabled will be rejected with EBUSY.

The white-balance temperature is used by the AS0260 to calculate the 'ideal' color-

correction matrix and to calculate the ratios of red and blue gains to apply to white-

balance the scene. When AWB is enabled, the AS0260 calculates the white-balance

temperature itself. UVC_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO_CONTROL is used

to disable AWB.

The permitted range of color temperatures is dependent upon the current Camcontrol

configuration. Attempts to set a color temperature outside this range will be accepted,

but clamped to the current minimum or maximum. UVC_RESULT_STATUS will be set to

ERANGE to indicate a clamp has occurred.

11 to 7

22 to 7

33 to 7

44 to 7

55 to 7

66 to 7

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC16

VAR(0x13,0x0016)

UVC_GAMMA_CONTROL UINT16 Dependent upon CAM configuration

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC18

VAR(0x13,0x0018)

UVC_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_CONTRO

LUINT16 Dependent on color temperature when

AWB mode is disabled

Table 16: UVC Sharpness vs. Adaptive Sharpness Range

UVC sharpness setting Adaptive sharpness range

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The AS0260 does not maintain coherency between UVC_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERA-

TURE_CONTROL and the Camcontrol variable equivalent. Issue a Refresh command to

force coherency.

Note: The UVC Control interface does not support white balance component control. How-

ever, this feature is supported by the CamControl interface.

White Balance Temperature Auto Control

The white balance temperature auto control enables or disables the AS0260 auto-white-

balance (AWB) algorithm.

When the host switches from auto-white-balance mode to manual white-balance mode,

the AS0260 will update the value of UVC_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_CON-

TROL to reflect the current setting (the previous contents of this variable will be lost).

Frame Interval

Controls the frame-rate (when auto-exposure mode is disabled)

The frame interval control determines the frame-rate when auto-exposure mode is

disabled. If auto-exposure mode is enabled, any change will be rejected with EBUSY.

The permitted range of frame-rates is dependent upon the current Camcontrol configu-

ration (pixel clock speed and sensor configuration). Attempts to set a frame-interval that

is outside this range will be accepted but clamped to the permitted minimum or

maximum. UVC_RESULT_STATUS will be set to ERANGE to indicate a clamp has

occurred.

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC01

VAR(0x13,0x0001)

UVC_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE_AUTO_CONTROL UINT8 Dependent upon CAM configuration

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC1C

VAR(0x13,0x001C)

UVC_FRAME_INTERVAL_CONTROL UINT3

2The frame-interval when AE is disabled

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UVC Configuration and Status

The following subsections detail the UVC configuration and status variables. These do

not form part of the UVC standard. They are provided to allow the implementation (or

meaning) of selected UVC controls to be configured.

Manual Exposure Configuration

The UVC_FRAME_INTERVAL_CONTROL variable (frame-interval) allows the host to set

the frame-rate, and the UVC_EXPOSURE_TIME_ABSOLUTE_CONTROL (exposure time)

variable allows the host to directly control the exposure time (both provided auto-expo-

sure mode is disabled). However, in some cases it may be appropriate for the exposure

time to be limited:

• Such that exposure cannot exceed the current frame interval

• Such that image flicker is avoided by constraining exposure to multiples of the power-

line frequency period

If DISABLE_FIXED_FRAME_RATE (bit 0) is clear, any change in exposure time will be

rejected if it exceeds the current value of frame-interval. If DISABLE_FIXED_-

FRAME_RATE is set, the AS0260 will accept any value of exposure time (subject to its

permitted range, and the state of bit 1). Note also that if DISABLE_FIXED_FRAME_RATE

is clear, if frame-interval is reduced to a value below the current exposure time value, the

AS0260 will automatically reduce the exposure time.

If ENABLE_FLICKER_AVOIDANCE (bit 1) is set, any change in exposure time will be

rounded-down to the nearest next multiple of the power-line frequency period. No error

will be reported. If ENABLE_FLICKER_AVOIDANCE is clear, the AS0260 will accept any

value of exposure time (subject to its permitted range).

Note: The default configuration is to restrict exposure time such that it will not exceed the

frame-interval - this conforms to the UVC 1.1 specification.

Flicker Avoidance Configuration

Configures the AS0260 flicker-avoidance algorithm.

The flicker-avoidance algorithm can operate in two modes:

• Flicker-avoidance: exposure time is restricted to multiples of the flicker period,

regardless of the scene brightness.

• Flicker-avoidance with outdoor override: exposure time is restricted to multiples of

the flicker period, unless the scene brightness is typical for an 'outdoor' scene (where

power line frequency flicker artefacts are not expected). In these brighter scenes, AE

can choose the most appropriate exposure time.

Variable Name Type Default

R0xCC20

VAR(0x13,0x0020)

UVC_MANUAL_EXPOSURE_CONFIG BITFIELD8 0x0 (fixed frame rate, no flicker avoidance)

Variable Name Type Default

0xCC21

VAR(0x13,0x0021)

UVC_FLICKER_AVOIDANCE_CONFIG BITFIELD8 Dependent upon CAM configuration

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The flicker avoidance configuration variable allows the host to select between these two

modes. Note that if the outdoor mode is disabled, bright scenes may result in an overex-

posed image, as the minimum exposure time may not prevent saturation.

Multi-Camera Sync

The AS0260 supports more than one device to be connected in a “daisy-chain” type

configuration. One of the devices will act as the master and the remainder will be slaves.

A typical connection diagram is shown inFigure 33. All of the AS0260 that are to commu-

nicate are:

• Connected in a daisy-chain using SADDR as an input and CHAIN as an output.

• Clocked from a common clock source

• Controlled from a single master, presumed to be under software control of a host

system.

When only two AS0260 image sensors need to be synchronized, as is the case in a 3D

camera application, the AS0260 offers an additional feature of synchronized auto expo-

sure and auto white balance. In this mode, the slave device mimics the exposure and

white balance settings of the master device.

Figure 33: Multi-Camera Connection

SADDR is normally used as a static input that selects between two slave device addresses

(See Figure 34. In order to implement the multi-sync function this input now has addi-

tional functionality that does not interfere with its use as device address selection.

Figure 34: Normal Use of SADDR

Host

AS0260 AS0260 AS0260 AS0260

SDATA SDATA SDATA SDATA

SADDR SADDR SADDR SADDR

SCLK SCLK SCLK SCLK

EXTCLK EXTCLK EXTCLK EXTCLK

CHAIN CHAIN CHAIN

GND Logic1 Logic1 Logic1

CHAIN

AS0260 (1)

(Master)

device = ID0

AS0260 (2)

device = ID1

AS0260 (3)

device = ID1

AS0260 (4)

device = ID1

slave Device

SADDR

ID0 (Default: 0x90)

ID1 (Default: 0xBA)

R0x002E

(USER_DEFINED_DEVICE_ADDRESS_ID)

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There is a single register to control this function, named CHAIN_CONTROL (R0x31FC).

This register is controlled by the host. The register field assignment is shown in Table 17.

Configuration

Before the multi-sync function can be used, each AS0260 in the daisy-chain must be

configured. This process is performed by the host with no involvement from AS0260

firmware. Configuration involves assigning a unique slave address to each AS0260 and

configuring the CHAIN_CONTROL register on each AS0260.

After reset (before configuration) the master AS0260 has its SADDR input wired to '0' and

all other AS0260 in the daisy-chain have their SADDR inputs driven to '1'. Therefore,

AS0260 Master will respond to slave address ID0 (associated with SADDR = 0) and all the

other AS0260 in the daisy-chain will respond simultaneously to slave address ID1. Each

AS0260 has its CHAIN pin configured as an input. This situation is shown in Figure 33.

The host configures each AS0260 in sequence, starting with the master and ending with

the farthest slave in the daisy-chain:

• AS0260(1) Master: The host uses slave address ID0 (associated with SADDR = 0) and

therefore accesses registers on AS0260(1) (the master). It writes to register (R0x002E)

to change the slave addresses associated with ID0 and ID1 on this device to a single,

new, unique value; call it ID-AS0260(1). It then writes (using AS0260(1) to register

PAD_CONTROL (R0x0032) to configure CHAIN as an output. Finally, it writes (using

AS0260(1)) to the CHAIN_CONTROL register to set chain_enable =1, sync_enable=1,

master=1 and position = N – 1 (where there are N devices in the daisy-chain). The

effect of enabling TMS as an output is to drive the TMS output low.

• AS0260(2): This AS0260 now has SADDR=0 and so will respond to slave address ID0.

The host configures this in the same way as AS0260(1) with the exceptions that it

assigns ID-AS0260(2), sets master=0 and position = N-2 (where there are N devices in

the daisy-chain). As before, the effect of enabling CHAIN as an output is to drive the

CHAIN output low.

• AS0260(3): As for AS0260(2): assign ID-AS0260(3), master=0, position = N-3

• AS0260(4): As for AS0260(2): assign ID-AS0260(4), master=0, position = N-4

Table 17: CHAIN_CONTROL Register

Bit Name Default Description

15 chain_enable

0: multi-camera daisy-chain communication function is disabled.

1: multi-camera daisy-chain communication function is enabled.

The result of toggling this bit while the sensor is streaming is UNDEFINED.

14 sync_enable

0: multi_sync function is disabled.

1: multi-sync function is enabled.

The result of toggling this bit while the sensor is streaming is UNDEFINED.

13 master

0: this node is not the master.

1: this node is the master.

The result of toggling this bit while the sensor is streaming is UNDEFINED.

12 RESERVED

11:8 position

A unique value assigned to each device in the daisy-chain. The device furthest from the

master is assigned a position value of 0. The next device is assigned a position value of 1.

For N devices in a daisy-chain, the master is assigned a position value of N-1.

The result of toggling this bit while the sensor is streaming is UNDEFINED.

7:0 RESERVED

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Theory Of Operation

When multiple AS0260 devices have been connected and configured as described above,

the multi-sync function operates as follows:

When the master device is placed in streaming mode (as the result of a mode change

initiated by the host) it generates an event on its CHAIN output. It then delays its own

streaming until the last of the slave devices has received an event signal.

When a slave device is placed in streaming mode (as the result of a mode change initi-

ated by the host) it delays streaming until it has received an event on its SADDR input.

Each slave in the daisy-chain propagates events received on its input. Each slave uses its

local value of “position” to delay its respond to an event. This allows an event propagated

down the daisy-chain to be acted upon simultaneously by all devices in the daisy-chain.

Using Multi-Sync

The host can use the normal mechanism to configure the AS0260 and set them

streaming. It can do this in any order provided that it sets the master streaming last.

It is desirable (but not essential) for the master to be taken out of streaming mode first

(by using a host command).

At the time that the AS0260 are placed in streaming mode, all AS0260 must have the

same integration time The recommended mechanism is:

1) Boot each device into standby by enabling 'host-config' mode.

2) Reconfigure each device.

3) Wake each device and commence streaming using the Leave Standby command.

The AS0260 need not maintain the same integration time once they are streaming.

All the AS0260 must be operated with the same configuration (image size, output format,

PLL bypassed and frame timing). Any time that the configuration is to be changed, all

AS0260 must be taken out of streaming mode (using host command), reconfigured, then

placed back in streaming mode (master last). This will allow the output data to remain in

synchronisation.

Clocking

The multi-sync mechanism requires that all AS0260 devices in the daisy-chain are oper-

ated synchronously on the same input clock. This constraint is imposed in order to allow

the event codes to be propagated synchronously from the master through to each slave.

Once this constraint has been met, the AS0260 devices are required to operate in exact

synchronisation (such that a PIXCLK, FRAME_VALID and LINE_VALID out of one

AS0260 is valid for all AS0260 in the daisy-chain). In this case, the AS0260 internal PLL

must be bypassed (and the AS0260 must be using parallel output data).

AptiSync2 (Auto-Sync)

An additional control is available to synchronize the auto exposure and auto white

balance functions of two image sensors. No additional hardware connections are

needed to support this control.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Figure 35: AptiSync2 Hardware Connections

This auto-sync mode is enabled through the following control register. When enabled

the master device's GPIO/CHAIN pin and slave device's SADDR pin are used for inter-

sensor communication (UDI).

Table 18: AUTOSYNC_MODE Register

Bit Name Default Description

2Enable 0

0: Auto-sync function is disabled.

1: Auto-sync communication function is enabled.

The result of toggling this bit while the sensor is streaming is

UNDEFINED.

1Slave 0

0: Device is master

1: Device is slave

The result of toggling this bit while the sensor is streaming is

UNDEFINED.

0UDI 0

0: GPIO/CHAIN function assigned to GPIO/CHAIN pin

1: UDI function assigned to GPIO/CHAIN pin

The result of toggling this bit while the sensor is streaming is

UNDEFINED.

Host

GND

-L

(Master)

-R

I2Cdevice=ID0 I2Cdevice=ID1

Logic 1 Logic 1

SCLK

SDATA

SADDR

CLKIN

GPIO0

AS0260

SCLK

SDATA

SADDR

CLKIN

GPIO0

AS0260

AS0260 AS0260

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Hardware Functions

Two-Wire Serial Interface

The two-wire serial interface bus enables read and write access to control and status

registers and variables within the AS0260.

The interface protocol uses a master/slave model in which a master controls one or

more slave devices. The AS0260 always operates in slave mode. The host (master) gener-

ates a clock (SCLK) that is an input to the AS0260 and is used to synchronize transfers.

Data is transferred between the master and the slave on a bidirectional signal (SDATA).

Protocol

Data transfers on the two-wire serial interface bus are performed by a sequence of low-

level protocol elements, as follows:

1. a (repeated) start condition

2. a slave address/data direction byte

3. a 16-bit register address (8-bit addresses are not supported)

4. an (a no) acknowledge bit

5. a 16-bit data transfer (8-bit data transfers are not supported)

6. a stop condition

The bus is idle when both SCLK and SDATA are HIGH. Control of the bus is initiated with

a start condition, and the bus is released with a stop condition. Only the master can

generate the start and stop conditions.

A start condition is defined as a HIGH-to-LOW transition on SDATA while SCLK is HIGH.

At the end of a transfer, the master can generate a start condition without previously

generating a stop condition; this is known as a repeated start or restart condition.

A stop condition is defined as a LOW-to-HIGH transition on SDATA while SCLK is HIGH.

Data is transferred serially, 8 bits at a time, with the most significant bit (MSB) trans-

mitted first. Each byte of data is followed by an acknowledge bit or a no-acknowledge bit.

This data transfer mechanism is used for the slave address/data direction byte and for

message bytes. One data bit is transferred during each SCLK clock period. SDATA can

change when SCLK is LOW and must be stable while SCLK is HIGH.

Slave Address

Bits [7:1] of this byte represent the device slave address and bit [0] indicates the data

transfer direction. A “0” in bit [0] indicates a WRITE, and a “1” indicates a READ. If the

SADDR signal is driven LOW, then addresses used by the AS0260 are R0x090 (write

address) and R0x091 (read address). If the SADDR signal is driven HIGH, then addresses

used by the AS0260 are R0x0BA (write address) and R0x0BB (read address).

Message Byte

Message bytes are used for sending register addresses and register write data to the slave

device and for retrieving register read data. The protocol used is outside the scope of the

two-wire serial interface specification.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Acknowledge Bit

Each 8-bit data transfer is followed by an acknowledge bit or a no-acknowledge bit in the

SCLK clock period following the data transfer. The transmitter (which is the master when

writing, or the slave when reading) releases SDATA. The receiver indicates an acknowl-

edge bit by driving SDATA LOW. As for data transfers, SDATA can change when SCLK is

LOW and must be stable while SCLK is HIGH.

No-Acknowledge Bit

The no-acknowledge bit is generated when the receiver does not drive SDATA low during

the SCLK clock period following a data transfer. A no-acknowledge bit is used to termi-

nate a read sequence.

Stop Condition

A stop condition is defined as a LOW -to-HIGH transition on SDATA while SCLK is HIGH.

Typical Serial Transfer

A typical read or write sequence begins by the master generating a start condition on the

bus. After the start condition, the master sends the 8-bit slave address/data direction

byte. The last bit indicates whether the request is for a read or a write, where a “0” indi-

cates a write and a “1” indicates a read. If the address matches the address of the slave

device, the slave device acknowledges receipt of the address by generating an acknowl-

edge bit on the bus.

If the request was a write, the master then transfers the 16-bit register address to which a

write should take place. This transfer takes place as two 8-bit sequences and the slave

sends an acknowledge bit after each sequence to indicate that the byte has been

received. The master then transfers the data as an 8-bit sequence; the slave sends

acknowledge bit at the end of the sequence. After 8 bits have been transferred, the slave’s

internal register address is automatically incremented, so that the next 8 bits are written

to the next register address. The master stops writing by generating a (re)start or stop

condition.

If the request was a read, the master sends the 8-bit write slave address/data direction

byte and 16-bit register address, just as in the write request. The master then generates a

(re)start condition and the 8-bit read slave address/data direction byte, and clocks out

the register data, 8 bits at a time. The master generates an acknowledge bit after each 8-

bit transfer. The slave’s internal register address is automatically incremented after every

8 bits are transferred. The data transfer is stopped when the master sends a no-acknowl-

edge bit.

Note: If a customer is using direct memory writes (XDMA), AND the first write ends on an

odd address boundary AND the second write starts on an even address boundary

AND the first write is not terminated by a STOP, the write data can become corrupted.

To avoid this, ensure that a serial write is terminated by a STOP.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Single Read from Random Location

This sequence (see Figure 36) starts with a dummy write to the 16-bit address that is to

be used for the read. The master terminates the write by generating a restart condition.

The master then sends the 8-bit read slave address/data direction byte and clocks out

one byte of register data. The master terminates the read by generating a no-acknowl-

edge bit followed by a stop condition. Figure 36 shows how the internal register address

maintained by the AS0260 is loaded and incremented as the sequence proceeds.

Figure 36: Single Read from Random Location

Single Read from Current Location

This sequence (Figure 37) performs a read using the current value of the AS0260 internal

followed by a stop condition. The figure shows two independent read sequences.

Figure 37: Single Read from Current Location

S = start condition

P = stop condition

Sr = restart condition

A = acknowledge

A = no-acknowledge

slave to master

master to slave

Slave Address 0S A Reg Address[15:8] A Reg Address[7:0] Slave Address AA 1Sr Read Data P

Previous Reg Address, N Reg Address, M M+1

Slave Address 1S A Read Data

[15:8] Slave Address A1SP Read Data

[15:0] P

Previous Reg Address, N Reg Address, N+1 N+2

Read Data

[7:0]

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Sequential Read, Start from Random Location

This sequence (Figure 38) starts in the same way as the single read from random location

(Figure 36). Instead of generating a no-acknowledge bit after the first byte of data has

been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge bit, and continues to perform

byte reads until L bytes have been read.

Figure 38: Sequential Read, Start from Random Location

Sequential Read, Start from Current Location

This sequence (Figure 39) starts in the same way as the single read from current location

(Figure 37). Instead of generating a no-acknowledge bit after the first byte of data has

been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge bit, and continues to perform

byte reads until L bytes have been read.

Figure 39: Sequential Read, Start from Current Location

Single Write to Random Location

This sequence (Figure 40) begins with the master generating a start condition. The slave

address/data direction byte signals a write and is followed by the high then low bytes of

the register address that is to be written. The master follows this with the byte of write

data. The write is terminated by the master generating a stop condition.

Slave Address 0

S Sr

AReg Address[15:8]

Read Data Read Data

AReg Address[7:0] ARead DataSlave Address

Previous Reg Address, N Reg Address, M

M+1 M+2

M+1

M+3

AA1

Read Data Read Data

M+L-2 M+L-1 M+L

ARead Data Read Data

Previous Reg Address, N N+1 N+2 N+L-1 N+L

Read DataSlave Address AA1 Read Data A SS

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Figure 40: Single Write to Random Location

Slave Address 0

SAReg Address[15:8] AReg Address[7:0] AWrite Data P

Previous Reg Address, N Reg Address, M M+1

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Sequential Write, Start at Random Location

This sequence (Figure 41) starts in the same way as the single write to random location

(Figure 40). Instead of generating a no-acknowledge bit after the first byte of data has

been transferred, the master generates an acknowledge bit, and continues to perform

byte writes until L bytes have been written. The write is terminated by the master gener-

ating a stop condition.

Figure 41: Sequential Write, Start at Random Location

Slave Address 0

SAReg Address[15:8]

Write Data Write Data

AReg Address[7:0] AWrite Data

Previous Reg Address, N Reg Address, M

M+1 M+2

M+1

M+3

Write Data Write Data

M+L-2 M+L-1 M+L

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Spectral Characteristics

Figure 42: Quantum Efficiency vs. Wavelength

350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050

Quantum Efficiency (% )

Wavelength (nm)

Blue

Red

Green

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Chief Ray Angle

Table 19: Chief Ray Angle Characteristics

Image Height CRA

(%) (mm) (deg)

00 0

5 0.077 2.54

10 0.154 5.04

15 0.231 7.52

20 0.308 9.98

25 0.386 12.40

30 0.463 14.76

35 0.540 17.02

40 0.617 19.15

45 0.694 21.12

50 0.771 22.89

55 0.848 24.45

60 0.925 25.78

65 1.002 26.87

70 1.079 27.70

75 1.157 28.28

80 1.234 28.61

85 1.311 28.66

90 1.388 28.43

95 1.465 27.88

100 1.542 26.95

0 102030405060708090100110

CRA (deg)

Image Height (%)

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

CSP Package Details

AS0260 sensor is also available in chip scale package (CSP) and this section provides the

relevant CSP package details necessary for the optical design of camera system.

Table 20: Package Dimension

Parameter Symbol

Millimeters Inches

Nominal Min Max Nominal Min Max

Package Body Dimension X A 6.005 5.97955 6.02955 0.23640 0.23542 0.23738

Package Body Dimension Y B 4.158 4.13255 4.18255 0.16368 0.16270 0.16467

Package Height C 0.710 0.655 0.765 0.02795 0.02579 0.03012

Cavity wall height C4 0.0410 0.0370 0.0450 0.00161 0.00146 0.00177

Cavity wall + epoxy

thickness glass to the

wafer bonding top point)

C5 0.0435 0.0385 0.0485 0.00171 0.00152 0.00191

Glass Thickness C3 0.400 0.390 0.410 0.01575 0.01535 0.01614

Package Body Thickness C2 0.570 0.535 0.605 0.02244 0.02106 0.02382

Ball Height C1 0.140 0.110 0.170 0.00551 0.00433 0.00669

Ball Diameter D 0.280 0.250 0.310 0.01102 0.00984 0.01220

Total Ball Count 54

Ball Count X axis N1 9

Ball Count Y axis N2 6

UBM U 0.310 0.300 0.320 0.0122 0.01181 0.01260

Pins Pitch X axis J1 0.620 0.610 0.630 0.02441 0.02402 0.02480

Pins Pitch Y axis J2 0.620 0.610 0.630 0.02441 0.02402 0.02480

BGA ball center to package

center offset in X-direction

X 0 -0.025 0.025 0 -0.00098 0.00098

BGA ball center to package

center offset in Y-direction

Y 0 -0.025 0.025 0 -0.00098 0.00098

BGA ball center to chip

center offset in X-direction

X1 0.000 -0.014 0.014 0.000 -0.001 0.001

BGA ball center to chip

center offset in Y-direction

Y1 0.000 -0.014 0.014 0.000 -0.001 0.001

Edge to Ball Center

Distance along X

S1 0.522 0.492 0.552 0.02056 0.01938 0.02174

Edge to Ball Center

Distance along Y

S2 0.529 0.499 0.559 0.02082 0.01964 0.02200

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Figure 43: CSP Mechanical Drawing

Notes: 1. TRST_BAR connects to DGND for normal operation.

2. Reserved pins must be left floating.

Table 21: Ball Matrix

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ADGND DOUT5DGND DOUT0 GPIO1 LINE_VALID REG_IN0 DGND DGND

BDGND DOUTT6 DOUT4VDD_IO GPIO0 DGND REG_OUT CLK_P CLK_N

CGPIO2 DOUT7 VDD_IO DOUT3DOUT1 FRAME_VALI

REG_FB DATA_2N DATA_2P

D VDD_IO PIXCLK VDD DOUT2 DGND VDD_IO VDD DATA_N DATA_P

E SDATA EXTCLK DGND DGND SHUTDOWN AGND DGND VDD_PHY VPP

F TRST_BAR Reserved SCLK RESET_BAR SADDR AGND AGND VAA_PIX VAA

CROSS SECTION VIEW (E-E)

First clear active pixel

˄-967.7˅

Last clear active pixel

(1418.7,544.3)

S1 J1

S2J2

Optical Center(-74.7,-212)

Package Center=Die Center(0,0)

TOP VIEW(Image side) BOTTOM VIEW(BGA side)

Unit: Mm

Package size: 6004.55 x 4157.55

Ball pitch: 620

Ball Diameter: 280

8765

98765

4321

Optical Center(74.7,-212)

Package Center=Die Center(0,0)

Notch

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Electrical Specifications

Caution Stresses above those listed in Table 22 may cause permanent damage to the device.

Notes: 1. This is a stress rating only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions

above those indicated in the product specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum

rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

Recommended Operating Conditions

Table 22: Absolute Maximum Ratings

Symbol Parameter

Rating

UnitMin Max

VDD_IO_MAX I/O digital voltage –0.3 4.0 V

VAA_MAX Analog voltage –0.3 4.0 V

VAA_PIX_MAX Analog pixel supply voltage –0.3 4.0 V

REG_IN0_MAX Digital supply voltage –0.3 2.4 V

VDD_PHY_MAX PHY supply voltage –0.3 2.4 V

VIN DC input voltage –0.3 VDD_IO + 0.3 V

IIN Transient input current (0.5 sec. duration) – 150 mA

TOP Operating temperature (measure at junction) –30 70 °C

TSTG1Storage temperature –40 85 °C

Table 23: Operating Conditions

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units

VDD_IO I/O digital voltage 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

1.7 1.8 1.95 V

VAA Analog voltage 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

VAA_PIX Pixel supply voltage 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

REG_IN0 Digital supply voltage 1.7 1.8 1.95 V

VDD_PHY PHY supply voltage 1.7 1.8 1.95 V

TJOperating temperature (at junction) –30 55 70 °C

Table 24: DC Electrical Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Condition Min Max Unit

VIH Input HIGH voltage VDD_IO * 0.7 VDD_IO + 0.3 V

VIL Input LOW voltage –0.3 VDD_IO * 0.3 V

IIN Input leakage current VIN = 0V or VIN = VDD_IO 10 A

VOH Output HIGH voltage VDD_IO = 1.8V, IOH = 2mA VDD_IO – 0.3 V

VOL Output LOW voltage VDD_IO = 1.8V, IOH = 2mA – 0.4 V

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Table 25: Operating Current Consumption (Parallel)

Default Setup Conditions: fEXTCLK= 24 Mhz, fPIXCLK = 96 Mhz, VAA = VAA_PIX = VDD_IO = 2.8V,

VDD_PHY = REG_IN0 = 1.8V, Tj = 25°C unless otherwise stated

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

VAA Analog supply voltage 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

VAA_PIX Pixel supply voltage 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

VDD_PHY PHY supply voltage 1.7 1.8 1.95 V

REG_IN0 Digital supply voltage 1.7 1.8 1.95 V

VDD_IO Digital IO supply voltage VDD_IO = 2.8V 2.5 2.8 3.1 V

VDD_IO = 1.8V 1.7 1.8 1.95 V

IAA Analog supply current 1080p Full resolution 30 fps mA

720p, 30 fps mA

VGA, 60 fps mA

IAA_PIX Pixel supply current 1080p Full resolution 30 fps mA

720p, 30 fps mA

VGA, 60 fps mA

IREG_IN0Digital supply current 1080p Full resolution 30 fps mA

720p, 30 fps mA

VGA, 60 fps mA

IDD_PHY PHY supply current 1080p Full resolution 30 fps mA

720p, 30 fps mA

VGA, 60 fps mA

Total power consumption 1080p Full resolution 30 fps 255 mW

720p, 30 fps 215 mW

VGA, 60 fps mW

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Notes: 1. VIH/VIL restrictions apply.

Figure 44: Parallel Pixel Bus Timing Diagram

Notes: 1. FRAME_VALID leads LINE_VALID by 6 PIXCLKs.

2. FRAME_VALID trails LINE_VALID by 6 PIXCLKs.

Table 26: AC Electrical Characteristics

EXTCLK = 24 MHz; REG_IN0 = VDD_PHY = 1.8V; VDD_IO = VAA = VAA_PIX = 2.8V; TJ = 25°C unless otherwise stated

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Note

fEXTCLK External clock frequency 6 54 MHz 1

DEXTCLK External input clock duty cycle 40 50 60 %

tJITTER External input clock jitter – 500 – ps

fPIXCLK Pixel clock frequency 6 96 MHz

tRPIXCLK Pixel clock rise time CLOAD =25pf – ns

tFPIXCLK Pixel clock fall time CLOAD =25pf – ns

tPD PIXCLK to data valid – ns

tPFH PIXCLK to FV HIGH – ns

tPFL PIXCLK to FV LOW – ns

tPLH PIXCLK to LV HIGH – ns

tPLL PIXCLK to LV LOW – ns

PIXCLK slew rate

Programmable Slew = 7 VDD_IO = 2.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

VDD_IO = 1.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

Programmable Slew = 4 VDD_IO = 2.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

VDD_IO = 1.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

Programmable Slew = 0 VDD_IO = 2.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

VDD_IO = 1.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

Output slew rate

Programmable Slew = 7 VDD_IO = 2.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

VDD_IO = 1.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

Programmable Slew = 4 VDD_IO = 2.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

VDD_IO = 1.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

Programmable Slew = 0 VDD_IO = 2.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

VDD_IO = 2.8V, CLOAD =25pf – – V/ns

PIXCLK

FRAME_VALID,

LINE_VALID

tPFL

tPLL

tPFH

tPLH

tPD

OUT

[7:0]

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

3. DOUT[7:0], FRAME_VALID, and LINE_VALID are shown with respect to the rising edge of PIXCLK. This

feature is programmable and DOUT[7:0], FRAME_VALID, and LINE_VALID can be synchronized to the

falling edge of PIXCLK.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Table 27: Two-Wire Serial Interface Timing Data

fEXTCLK = 24 MHz; REG_IN0 = 1.8V; VDD_IO = 1.8V; VAA = 2.8V; VAA_PIX = 2.8V; TJ = 70°C; CLOAD = 68.5pF

Figure 45: Two-Wire Serial Bus Timing Parameters

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

fSCLK Serial interface input clock

frequency

100 – 400 kHz

tSCLK Serial interface input clock period 2.5 – 10 s

SCLK duty cycle 45 50 55 %

trSCLK/SDATA rise time – – 300 ns

tSRTS Start setup time Master write to slave 600 – –

tSRTH Start hold time Master write to slave 300 – – ns

tSDH SDATA hold Master write to slave 300 – – ns

tSDS SDATA setup Master write to slave 300 – – ns

tSHAW SDATA hold to ack Master read from slave 150 – – ns

tAHSW Ack hold to SDATA Master read from slave 150 – – ns

tSTPS Stop setup time Master write to slave 300 – – ns

tSTPH Stop hold time Master write to slave 600 – – ns

tSHAR SDATA hold to ack Master write to slave 300 – – ns

tAHSR Ack hold to SDATA Master write to slave 300 – – ns

tSDHR SDATA hold Master read from slave 300 – – ns

tSDSR SDATA setup Master read from slave 350 – – ns

SCLK

SDATA

SCLK

SDATA

Write Start Ack

Read Start Ack

tSHAR tAHSR tSDHR

tSDSR

Read Sequence

Write Sequence

Read

Address

Bit 7

Read

Address

Bit 0

Value

Bit 7

Value

Bit 0

Write

Address

Bit 7

Write

Address

Bit 0

Value

Bit 7

Value

Bit 0

tSRTS

tSCLK tSDH

tSDS tSHAW

tAHSW

Stop

tSTPS

tSTPH

tSRTH

Ack

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

MIPI AC and DC Electrical Characteristics

MIPI Specification Reference

The AS0260 design and this documentation is based on the following reference docu-

ments:

• MIPI Alliance Standard for CSI-2 version 1.0

• MIPI Alliance Standard for D-PHY version 1.0

Table 28: MIPI High-Speed Transmitter DC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

VOD HS transmit differential voltage 140 – 270 mV

VCMTX HS transmit static common mode voltage 150 – 250 mV

VOD VOD mismatch when output is Differential-1 or Differential-0 – – 13 mV

VCMTX(1,0) VCMTX mismatch when output is Differential-1 or Differential-0 – – 5 mV

VOHHSHS output HIGH voltage – – 360 mV

ZOS Single-ended output impedance 40 – 62.5 

ZOS Single-ended output impedance mismatch – – 17 %

Table 29: MIPI High-Speed Transmitter AC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

Data bit rate – – 768 Mb/s

trise 20–80% rise time 150 – 500 ps

tfall 20–80% fall time 150 – 500 ps

Table 30: MIPI Low-Power Transmitter DC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

VOL Thevenin output low level – – 55 mV

VOH Thevenin output high level – 1.15 – V

ZOLP Output impedance of LP transmitter 110 – – 

Table 31: MIPI Low-Power Transmitter AC Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit

trise 15–85% rise time – – 25 ns

tfall 15–85% fall time – – 25 ns

Slew Slew rate (CLOAD 5–20pf) – – 200 mV/ns

Slew Slew rate (CLOAD 20–70pf) – – 150 mV/ns



AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Revision History

Rev. G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5/4/15

• Updated “Ordering Information” on page 2

• Removed Confidential marking

Rev. F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3/23/15

• Updated to ON Semiconductor template

Rev. E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2/14/13

• Updating revision history to reflect change from 60fps to 30fps for 720p frame rate in

Table 1, “Key Parameters,” on page 1

Rev. D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9/25/12

• Updated Table 1, “Key Parameters,” on page 1

• Updated Table 2, “Available Part Numbers,” on page 1

• Updated Table 1, “Pin Descriptions,” on page 9

• Updated Table 25, “Operating Current Consumption (Parallel),” on page 76

• Updated Table 31, “Operating Current Consumption (MIPI),” on page 76

• Updated Table 32, “Non-Operating Current Consumption,” on page 77

• Updated Table 26, “AC Electrical Characteristics,” on page 77

• Updated Table 37, “MIPI Low-Power Transmitter DC Characteristics,” on page 81

Rev. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4/5/12

• Updated Table 2, “Available Part Numbers,” on page 1

• Updated Figure 2: “Typical Configuration,” on page 8

• Updated Table 1, “Pin Descriptions,” on page 9

• Updated Table 4, “Power-Up Signal Timing,” on page 10

• Updated Figure 4: “Power-Up Sequence,” on page 11

• Added “Power-Down Sequence” on page 13, including Figure 5, Power-Down

Sequence and Table 5, Power-Down Signal Timing

• Replaced “Power-On Reset” with “Power-On Reset” on page 11

• Added “Soft Standby with State Retention” on page 17

• Deleted “One-Time Programmable Memory”

• Updated Table 31, “Operating Current Consumption (MIPI),” on page 76

• Added Table 31, “Operating Current Consumption (MIPI),” on page 76

• Added Table 32, “Non-Operating Current Consumption,” on page 77

Rev. B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1/31/12

• Updated Figure 2: “Typical Configuration,” on page 8

• Updated Table 1, “Pin Descriptions,” on page 9

• Updated Figure 51: “CSP Mechanical Drawing,” on page 74

• Updated Table 26, “Ball Matrix,” on page 74

• Updated Table 25, “Operating Current Consumption (Parallel),” on page 76

ON Semiconductor and the ON logo are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC) or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. SCILLC owns the

rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of SCILLC’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/

Patent-Marking.pdf. SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its

products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including

without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications

and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey

any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body,

or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur.

Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and

distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such

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This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner.

AS0260: 1/6-Inch 1080P High-Definition (HD) System-On-A-Chip (SOC) Digi-

tal Image Sensor

Rev. A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8/15/11

•Initial release