Data Sheet ADA4610-2/ADA4610-4
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
INPUT OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION
The ADA4610-2/ADA4610-4 have internal protective circuitry
that allows voltages as high as 0.3 V beyond the supplies to be
applied at the input of either terminal without causing damage.
For higher input voltages, a series resistor is necessary to limit
the input current. The resistor value can be determined by
where:
VIN is the input voltage.
VS is the voltage of either V+ or V−.
RS is the series resistor.
With a very low bias current of <1.5 nA up to 125°C, higher
resistor values can be used in series with the inputs. A 5 kΩ
resistor protects the inputs from voltages as high as 25 V
beyond the supplies and adds less than 10 µV to the offset.
PEAK DETECTOR
The function of a peak detector is to capture the peak value of a
signal and produce an output equal to it. By taking advantage of
the dc precision and super low input bias current of the JFET
input amplifiers, such as the ADA4610-2/ADA4610-4, a highly
accurate peak detector can be built, as shown in Figure 56.
V
CC
V
IN
+
–
ADA4610-2 ADA4610-2
V
EE
U2A
3
24
8
15
64
8
7
C4
50pF C3
1µF
R6
1kΩ
R7
10kΩ
D2
1N448
D3
1N4148
+PEAK
D4
1N4148 U2B
09646-149
Figure 56. Positive Peak Detector
In this application, Diode D3 and Diode D4 act as uni-
directional current switches, which open up when the output is
kept constant (in hold mode). To detect a positive peak, U2A
drives C3 through D3, and D4 until C3 is charged to a voltage
equal to the input peak value. Feedback from the output of the
U2B (+peak) through R6 limits the output voltage of U2A.
After detecting the peak, the output of U2A swings low but is
clamped by D2. Diode D3 reverses bias and the common node
of D3, D4, and R7 is held to a voltage equal to +peak by R7. The
voltage across D4 is zero; therefore, its leakage is small. The bias
current of U2B is also small. With almost no leakage, C3 has a
long hold time.
The ADA4610-2, shown in Figure 56, is a perfect fit for building
a peak detector because U2A requires dc precision and high
output current during fast peaks, and U2B requires low input
bias (IB) current to minimize capacitance discharge between
peaks. A low leakage and low dielectric absorption capacitor
such as polystyrene or polypropylene is required for C3.
Reversing the diode directions causes the circuit to detect
negative peaks.
I TO V CONVERSION APPLICATIONS
Photodiode Circuits
Common applications for I to V conversion include photodiode
circuits where the amplifier is used to convert a current emitted
by a diode placed at the negative input terminal into an output
voltage.
The low input bias current, wide bandwidth, and low noise of
the ADA4610-2/ADA4610-4 make them excellent choices for
various photodiode applications, including fax machines, fiber
optic controls, motion sensors, and bar code readers.
The circuit shown in Figure 57 uses a silicon diode with zero
bias voltage. This setup is a photovoltaic mode, which uses
many large photodiodes. This configuration limits the overall
noise and is suitable for instrumentation applications.
4
8
3
1
2
1/2
ADA4610-2
C
F
R
F
R
D
C
T
V
EE
V
CC
09646-154
Figure 57. Equivalent Preamplifier Photodiode Circuit
A larger signal bandwidth can be attained at the expense of
additional output noise. The total input capacitance (CT)
consists of the sum of the diode capacitance (typically 30 pF to
40 pF) and the amplifier input capacitance (<10 pF), which
includes external parasitic capacitance. CT creates a zero in the
frequency response that can lead to an unstable system. To
ensure stability and optimize the bandwidth of the signal, place
a capacitor in the feedback loop of the circuit shown in Figure 57.
The capacitor creates a pole and yields a bandwidth with a
corner frequency of
1/(2π(RFCF))
where:
RF is the feedback resistor.
CF is the feedback capacitor.
The value of RF can be determined by the ratio
V/ID
where:
V is the desired output voltage of the op amp.
ID is the diode current.
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