NC 1
NC 2
GND1 3
NC 4
VDD 5
BOOT 6
SW 7
NC21
NC20
BYPASS19
SD218
NC17
NC16
NC15
IN-
IN+
NC
VO1
V1
NC
VO2
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
28 27 26 25 24 23 22
FB
FREQ
SD1
GND2
NC
NC
GND3
LM4804
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LM4804 Boomer™ Audio Power Amplifier SerieLow Voltage High Power Audio Power
Amplifier
Check for Samples: LM4804
1FEATURES DESCRIPTION
The LM4804 integrates a Boost Converter with an
23• Pop & Click Circuitry Eliminates Noise During Audio Power Amplifier to drive voice coil speakers in
Turn-On and Turn-Off Transitions portable applications. When powered by a 3V supply,
• Low, 2μA (Max) Shutdown Current it is capable of creating 1.8W power dissipation in an
• Low, 11mA (Typ) Quiescent Current (VDD =8Ωbridge-tied-load (BTL) with less than 1% THD+N.
4.2V, RL= 8Ω)Boomer audio power amplifiers were designed
• 1.8W Mono BTL Output, RL= 8Ω, VDD = 3V specifically to provide high quality output power with a
minimal amount of external components. The
• Short Circuit Protection LM4804 does not require bootstrap capacitors, or
• Unity-Gain Stable snubber circuits. Therefore it is ideally suited for
• External Gain Configuration Capability portable applications requiring high output voltage
and minimal size.
APPLICATIONS The LM4804 features a micro-power shutdown mode.
• Cellphone Additionally, the LM4804 features an internal thermal
shutdown protection mechanism.
• PDA The LM4804 contains advanced pop & click circuitry
KEY SPECIFICATIONS that eliminates output transients which would
otherwise occur during power or shutdown cycles.
• Quiescent Power Supply Current (VDD = 4.2V,
RL= 8Ω), 11mA (Typ) The LM4804 is unity-gain stable. Its closed-loop gain
is determined by the value of external, user selected
• BTL Output Power (RL= 8Ω, 2% THD+N, VDD =resistors.
3V), 1.8W (Typ)
• Shutdown Current, 2µA (Max)
Connection Diagram
Figure 1. LM4804LQ (5x5)
Top View
See Package Number NJB0028A
1Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
2Boomer is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
3All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Copyright © 2005–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
S/D1
GND2
25
26
GND1
3
75
SW
VDD
L1
4.7 PH
FB 28
Cf1
470 pF
R2
78.7k
R1
301k
S/D
S/D2
18
Cs1
4.7 PFCo
100 PF
V1 12
Cs2
4.7 PF
GND3 22
Cb
1.0 PF
Bypass
19
VO2 14
VO1 11
8:
Bat
VDD
20k -IN
8
0.1 PF
Ci
Audio In
Rf
200k
+IN
9
V1 = VFB (1 + R1/R2)
D1
Ri
BOOT 6
C3
4.7 pF
FREQ
27
R3
150k
10 PH
0.1 PF
LM4804
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Typical Application
Figure 2. Typical LM4804 Audio Amplifier Application Circuit
These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam
during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates.
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Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)(2)(3)
Supply Voltage (VDD) 6.5V
Supply Voltage (V1) 6.5V
Storage Temperature −65°C to +150°C
Input Voltage −0.3V to VDD + 0.3V
Power Dissipation(4) Internally limited
ESD Susceptibility(5) 2000V
ESD Susceptibility(6) 200V
Junction Temperature 125°C
Thermal Resistance θJA (WQFN) 59°C/W
See AN-1187 'Leadless Leadframe Packaging (WQFN)'.
(1) All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin, unless otherwise specified.
(2) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for
which the device is functional, but do not ensure specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical
specifications under particular test conditions which specify specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the
Operating Ratings. Specifications are not ensured for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication
of device performance.
(3) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and
specifications.
(4) The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX,θJA, and the ambient temperature,
TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX −TA) / θJA or the given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is
lower.
(5) Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kΩresistor.
(6) Machine Model, 220pF – 240pF discharged through all pins.
Operating Ratings TMIN ≤TA≤TMAX −40°C ≤TA≤+85°C
Temperature Range Supply Voltage (VDD) 3V ≤VDD ≤5V
Supply Voltage (V1) 2.7V ≤V1≤6.1V
Electrical Characteristics VDD = 4.2V(1)(2)
The following specifications apply for VDD = 4.2V, V1= 6.0V, AV-BTL = 20dB, RL= 8Ω, fIN = 1kHz, CB= 1.0µF, R1= 301kΩ, R2=
78.7kΩunless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA= 25°C. See Figure 2
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4804 Units
(Limits)
Typical(3) Limit(4)(5)
IDD Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN = 0, RLOAD =∞11 22 mA (max)
ISD Shutdown Current VSHUTDOWN = GND(6)(7) 0.1 2 µA (max)
VSDIH Shutdown Voltage Input High SD1 0.7VDD V (min)
SD2 1.4
VSDIL Shutdown Voltage Input Low SD1 0.15VDD V (max)
SD2 0.4
TWU Wake-up Time CB= 1.0µF 70 msec (max)
VOS Output Offset Voltage 4 40 mV (max)
TSD Thermal Shutdown Temperature 125 °C (min)
POUT Output Power THD = 2% (max) 1.9 1.7 W (min)
(1) All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin, unless otherwise specified.
(2) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for
which the device is functional, but do not ensure specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical
specifications under particular test conditions which specify specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the
Operating Ratings. Specifications are not ensured for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication
of device performance.
(3) Typicals are measured at 25°C and represent the parametric norm.
(4) Limits are specified to Texas Instruments' AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
(5) Datasheet min/max specification limits are ensured by design, test, or statistical analysis.
(6) Shutdown current is measured in a normal room environment. The Shutdown pin should be driven as close as possible to Vin for
minimum shutdown current.
(7) Shutdown current is measured with components R1 and R2 removed.
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Electrical Characteristics VDD = 4.2V(1)(2) (continued)
The following specifications apply for VDD = 4.2V, V1= 6.0V, AV-BTL = 20dB, RL= 8Ω, fIN = 1kHz, CB= 1.0µF, R1= 301kΩ, R2=
78.7kΩunless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA= 25°C. See Figure 2
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4804 Units
(Limits)
Typical(3) Limit(4)(5)
THD+N Total Harmomic Distortion + Noise POUT = 1.5W 0.13 0.5 %
εOS Output Noise A-Weighted Filter, VIN = 0V, 22 µV
Input Referred
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio VRIPPLE = 200mVp-p
f = 217Hz 72 dB (min)
f = 1kHz 67
VFB Feedback Pin Reference Voltage 1.24 1.2772 V (max)
1.2028 V (min)
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Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3.0V(1)(2)
The following specifications apply for VDD = 3.0V, V1= 6.0V, AV-BTL = 20dB, RL= 8Ω, fIN = 1kHz, CB= 1.0µF, R1= 301kΩ, R2=
78.7kΩunless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA= 25°C.
Symbol Parameter Conditions LM4804 Units
(Limits)
Typical(3) Limit(4)(5)
IDD Quiescent Power Supply Current VDD = 3.2V, VIN = 0, RLOAD =∞19 33 mA (max)
ISD Shutdown Current VSHUTDOWN = GND(6)(7) 0.1 2 µA (max)
VSDIH Shutdown Voltage Input High SD1 0.7VDD V (min)
SD2 1.4
VSDIL Shutdown Voltage Input Low SD1 0.15VDD V (max)
SD2 0.4
TWU Wake-up Time CB= 1.0µF 70 msec (max)
VOS Output Offset Voltage 3 40 mV (max)
TSD Thermal Shutdown Temperature 125 °C (min))
POUT Output Power THD = 2% (max) 1.8 1.65 W (min)
THD+N Total Harmomic Distortion + Noise POUT = 1.5W 0.15 0.5 %
εOS Output Noise A-Weighted Filter, VIN = 0V, 30 µV
Input Referred
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio VRIPPLE = 200mVp-p
f = 217Hz 73 dB (min)
f = 1kHz 66
VFB Feedback Pin Reference Voltage See(8) 1.24 1.2772 V (max)
1.2028 V (min)
(1) All voltages are measured with respect to the GND pin, unless otherwise specified.
(2) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for
which the device is functional, but do not ensure specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical
specifications under particular test conditions which specify specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the
Operating Ratings. Specifications are not ensured for parameters where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication
of device performance.
(3) Typicals are measured at 25°C and represent the parametric norm.
(4) Limits are specified to Texas Instruments' AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
(5) Datasheet min/max specification limits are ensured by design, test, or statistical analysis.
(6) Shutdown current is measured in a normal room environment. The Shutdown pin should be driven as close as possible to Vin for
minimum shutdown current.
(7) Shutdown current is measured with components R1 and R2 removed.
(8) Feedback pin reference voltage is measured with the Audio Amplifier disconnected from the Boost converter (the Boost converter is
unloaded).
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20 20k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10k1k 2k 5k50 100 200 500
40
50
60
70
80
90
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB)
20 20k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10k1k 2k 5k50 100 200 500
40
50
60
70
80
90
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB)
10m 100m
OUTPUT POWER (W)
0.01
0.1
1
10
THD+N (%)
120m 200m 250m 500m 3
0.02
0.2
2
0.05
0.5
5
10m 100m
OUTPUT POWER (W)
0.1
10
THD+N (%)
120m 200m 250m 500m 3
1
0.2
2
0.5
5
20 20k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
0.01
20
THD + N (%)
10k1k 2k 5k50 100 200 500
0.02
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
2
5
10
20 20k
FREQUENCY (Hz)
0.01
60
THD+N (%)
10
20
1
2
5
0.02
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k
LM4804
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Typical Performance Characteristics
THD+N vs Frequency THD+N vs Frequency
VDD = 4.2V, RL= 8Ω, POUT = 1.5W VDD = 3.0V, RL= 8Ω, POUT = 1.5W
Figure 3. Figure 4.
THD+N vs Output Power THD+N vs Output Power
VDD = 4.2V, RL= 8Ω, f = 1kHz VDD = 3.0V, RL= 8Ω
Figure 5. Figure 6.
PSRR vs Frequency PSRR vs Frequency
VDD = 3V, Input Referred VDD = 4.2V, Input Referred
Figure 7. Figure 8.
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300mA
600mA
10mA
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
95.0
1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.2 4.5
Vin
Efficiency (%)
2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
OUTPUT POWER (W)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
THD+N = 10%
THD+N = 1%
0.500.00 1.501.00 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
LOAD DISSIPATION (W)
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT DISSIPATION (W)
THD+N = 1%
THD+N = 10%
RL= 4:
RL= 8:
2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 4.2
POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
OUTPUT POWER (W)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
POWER SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
0
THD+N = 10%
VDD = 3.6V
THD+N = 1%
VDD = 3.0V
VDD = 4.2V
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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
Power Supply Current
vs Power Supply Voltage Power Supply Current
RL= 8Ωvs Output Power
Figure 9. Figure 10.
Output Power
vs Power Supply Voltage Amplifier Circuit Dissipation
RL= 8Ωvs Load Dissipation
Figure 11. Figure 12.
Efficiency vs VIN
VOUT = 5.0V VFB vs Temperature
Figure 13. Figure 14.
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2.000
2.100
2.200
2.300
2.400
2.500
2.600
2.700
2.800
2.900
3.000
-
40 -
30 -
20 -
10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature (ºC)
Current Limit
2A
1A
Rds on
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature (ºC)
-50 0 50 100
Temperatur
e
0.800
0.90
0
1.00
0
1.100
1.20
0
1.30
0
Start-Up Voltage
1.2 1.7 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.7 4.2
Vin (V)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Frequency (Mhz)
300k
225k
150
75k
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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued)
Maximum Start Up Voltage
Frequency vs VIN vs Temperature
Figure 15. Figure 16.
Typical RDS(ON) Typical Current Limit
vs Temperature vs Temperature
Figure 17. Figure 18.
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APPLICATION INFORMATION
BRIDGE CONFIGURATION EXPLANATION
Audio Amplifier portion of the LM4804 has two operational amplifiers internally, allowing for a few different
amplifier configurations. The first amplifier’s gain is externally configurable, while the second amplifier is internally
fixed in a unity-gain, inverting configuration. The closed-loop gain of the first amplifier is set by selecting the ratio
of Rf to Ri while the second amplifier’s gain is fixed by the two internal 20kΩresistors. Figure 2 shows that the
output of amplifier one serves as the input to amplifier two which results in both amplifiers producing signals
identical in magnitude, but out of phase by 180°. Consequently, the differential gain for the IC is
AVD = 2 *(Rf/Ri) (1)
By driving the load differentially through outputs Vo1 and Vo2, an amplifier configuration commonly referred to as
“bridged mode” is established. Bridged mode operation is different from the classical single-ended amplifier
configuration where one side of the load is connected to ground.
A bridge amplifier design has a few distinct advantages over the single-ended configuration, as it provides
differential drive to the load, thus doubling output swing for a specified supply voltage. Four times the output
power is possible as compared to a single-ended amplifier under the same conditions. This increase in attainable
output power assumes that the amplifier is not current limited or clipped. In order to choose an amplifier’s closed-
loop gain without causing excessive clipping, please refer to the Audio Power Amplifier Design section.
A bridge configuration also creates a second advantage over single-ended amplifiers. Since the differential
outputs, Vo1 and Vo2, are biased at half-supply, no net DC voltage exists across the load. This eliminates the
need for an output coupling capacitor which is required in a single supply, single-ended amplifier configuration.
Without an output coupling capacitor, the half-supply bias across the load would result in both increased internal
IC power dissipation and also possible loudspeaker damage.
AMPLIFIER POWER DISSIPATION
Power dissipation is a major concern when designing a successful amplifier, whether the amplifier is bridged or
single-ended. A direct consequence of the increased power delivered to the load by a bridge amplifier is an
increase in internal power dissipation. Since the amplifier portion of the LM4804 has two operational amplifiers,
the maximum internal power dissipation is 4 times that of a single-ended amplifier. The maximum power
dissipation for a given BTL application can be derived from Equation 2.
PDMAX(AMP) = 4(VDD)2/ (2π2RL) (2)
BOOST CONVERTER POWER DISSIPATION
At higher duty cycles, the increased ON time of the FET means the maximum output current will be determined
by power dissipation within the LM2731 FET switch. The switch power dissipation from ON-state conduction is
calculated by Equation 3.
PDMAX(SWITCH) = DC x IIND(AVE)2x RDS(ON) (3)
There will be some switching losses as well, so some derating needs to be applied when calculating IC power
dissipation.
TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION
The total power dissipation for the LM4804 can be calculated by adding Equation 2 and Equation 3 together to
establish Equation 4:
PDMAX(TOTAL) = [4*(VDD)2/2π2RL]+[DCxIIND(AVE)2xRDS(ON)] (4)
The result from Equation 4 must not be greater than the power dissipation that results from Equation 5:
PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / θJA (5)
For package LQA28A, θJA = 59°C/W. TJMAX = 125°C for the LM4804. Depending on the ambient temperature, TA,
of the system surroundings, Equation 5 can be used to find the maximum internal power dissipation supported by
the IC packaging. If the result of Equation 4 is greater than that of Equation 5, then either the supply voltage
must be increased, the load impedance increased or TAreduced. For the typical application of a 3V power
supply, with V1 set to 6.0V and 8Ωload, the maximum ambient temperature possible without violating the
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maximum junction temperature is approximately TBD°C provided that device operation is around the maximum
power dissipation point. Thus, for typical applications, power dissipation is not an issue. Power dissipation is a
function of output power and thus, if typical operation is not around the maximum power dissipation point, the
ambient temperature may be increased accordingly. Refer to the Typical Performance Characteristics curves for
power dissipation information for lower output levels.
EXPOSED-DAP PACKAGE PCB MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS
The LM4804’s exposed-DAP (die attach paddle) package (LD) provides a low thermal resistance between the
die and the PCB to which the part is mounted and soldered. This allows rapid heat transfer from the die to the
surrounding PCB copper traces, ground plane, and surrounding air. The LD package should have its DAP
soldered to a copper pad on the PCB. The DAP’s PCB copper pad may be connected to a large plane of
continuous unbroken copper. This plane forms a thermal mass, heat sink, and radiation area. Further detailed
and specific information concerning PCB layout, fabrication, and mounting an LD (WQFN) package is available
from Texas Instruments’ Package Engineering Group under application note AN1187.
SHUTDOWN FUNCTION
In many applications, a microcontroller or microprocessor output is used to control the shutdown circuitry to
provide a quick, smooth transition into shutdown. Another solution is to use a single-pole, single-throw switch, in
conjunction with an external pull-up resistor to drive both shutdown pins simultaneously. When the switch is
closed, the shutdown pin is connected to ground which disables the amplifier. If the switch is open, then the
external pull-up resistor to VDD will enable the LM4804. This scheme ensures that the shutdown pins will not float
thus preventing unwanted state changes.
EXTERNAL COMPONENT SELECTION
Proper selection of external components in applications using integrated power amplifiers, and switching DC-DC
converters, is critical to optimize device and system performance. Consideration to component values must be
used to maximize overall system quality.
The best capacitors for use with the switching converter portion of the LM4804 are multi-layer ceramic
capacitors. They have the lowest ESR (equivalent series resistance) and highest resonance frequency which
makes them optimum for use with high frequency switching converters.
When selecting a ceramic capacitor, only X5R and X7R dielectric types should be used. Other types such as
Z5U and Y5F have such severe loss of capacitance due to effects of temperature variation and applied voltage,
they may provide as little as 20% of rated capacitance in many typical applications. Always consult capacitor
manufacturer’s data curves before selecting a capacitor. High-quality ceramic capacitors can be obtained from
Taiyo-Yuden, AVX, and Murata.
POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING
As with any amplifier, proper supply bypassing is critical for low noise performance and high power supply
rejection. The capacitor location on both the bypass and power supply pins should be as close to the device as
possible.
SELECTING THE AUDIO AMPLIFIER'S INPUT CAPACITOR
One of the major considerations is the closedloop bandwidth of the amplifier. To a large extent, the bandwidth is
dictated by the choice of external components shown in Figure 2. The input coupling capacitor, Ci, forms a first
order high pass filter which limits low frequency response. This value should be chosen based on needed
frequency response for a few distinct reasons.
Large input capacitors are both expensive and space hungry for portable designs. Clearly, a certain sized
capacitor is needed to couple in low frequencies without severe attenuation. But ceramic speakers used in
portable systems, whether internal or external, have little ability to reproduce signals below 100Hz to 150Hz.
Thus, using a large input capacitor may not increase actual system performance.
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In addition to system cost and size, click and pop performance is effected by the size of the input coupling
capacitor, Ci. A larger input coupling capacitor requires more charge to reach its quiescent DC voltage (nominally
1/2 VDD). This charge comes from the output via the feedback and is apt to create pops upon device enable.
Thus, by minimizing the capacitor size based on necessary low frequency response, turn-on pops can be
minimized.
SELECTING THE AUDIO AMPLIFIER'S BYPASS CAPACITOR
Besides minimizing the input capacitor size, careful consideration should be paid to the bypass capacitor value.
Bypass capacitor, CB, is the most critical component to minimize turn-on pops since it determines how fast the
amplifer turns on. The slower the amplifier’s outputs ramp to their quiescent DC voltage (nominally 1/2 VDD), the
smaller the turn-on pop. Choosing CBequal to 1.0µF along with a small value of Ci(in the range of 0.039µF to
0.39µF), should produce a virtually clickless and popless shutdown function. While the device will function
properly, (no oscillations or motorboating), with CBequal to 0.1µF, the device will be much more susceptible to
turn-on clicks and pops. Thus, a value of CBequal to 1.0µF is recommended in all but the most cost sensitive
designs.
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
The LM4804 includes step-up DC-DC voltage regulation for battery-powered and low-input voltage systems. It
combines a step-up switching regulator, N-channel power MOSFET, built-in current limit, thermal limit, and
voltage reference. The switching DC-DC regulator boosts an input voltage between .8V and 14V to a regulated
output voltage between 1.24V and 14V. The LM4804 starts from a low 1.1V input and remains operational down
to below .8V.
This device is optimized for use in cellular phones and other applications requiring a small size, low profile, as
well as low quiescent current for maximum battery life during stand-by and shutdown.
Additional features include a built-in peak switch current limit, a high-efficiency gated-oscillator topology that
offers an output of up to 2A at low output voltages, and thermal protection circuitry.
Figure 19. Functional Diagram of the LM4804's Regulator
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GATED OSCILLATOR CONTROL SCHEME
The on/off regulation mode of the LM4804, along with its ultra-low quiescent current, results in good efficiency
over a very wide load range. The internal oscillator frequency can be programmed using an external resistor to
be constant or vary with the battery voltage. Adding a capacitor to program the frequency allows the designer to
adjust the duty cycle and optimize it for the application. Adding a resistor in addition to the capacitor allows the
duty cycle to dynamically compensate for changes to the input/output voltage ratio. We call this a Ratio Adaptive
Gated Oscillator circuit. Using the correct RC components to adjust the oscillator allows the part to run with low
ripple and high efficiency over a wide range of loads and input/output voltages.
Figure 20. Typical Step-Up Regulator Waveforms
PULSE FREQUENCY MODULATION (PFM)
Pulse Frequency Modulation is typically accomplished by switching continuously until the voltage limit is reached
and skipping cycles after that to just maintain it. This results in a somewhat hysteretic mode of operation. The
coil stores more energy each cycle as the current ramps up to high levels. When the voltage limit is reached, the
system usually overshoots to a higher voltage than required, due to the stored energy in the coil (see Figure 20).
The system will also undershoot somewhat when it starts switching again because it has depleted all the stored
energy in the coil and needs to store more energy to reach equilibrium with the load. Larger output capacitors
and smaller inductors reduce the ripple in these situations. The frequency being filtered, however, is not the basic
switching frequency. It is a lower frequency determined by the load, the input/output voltage and the circuit
parameters. This mode of operation is useful in situations where the load variation is significant. Power managed
computer systems, for instance, may vary from zero to full load while the system is on and this is usually the
preferred regulation mode for such systems.
CYCLE TO CYCLE PFM
When the load doesn't vary over a wide range (like zero to full load), ratio adaptive circuit techniques can be
used to achieve cycle to cycle PFM regulation and lower ripple (or smaller output capacitors). The key to success
here is matching the duty cycle of the circuit closely to what is required by the input to output voltage ratio. This
ratio then needs to be dynamically adjusted for input voltage changes (usually caused by batteries running
down). The chosen ratio should allow most of the energy in each switching cycle to be delivered to the load and
only a small amount to be stored. When the regulation limit is reached, the overshoot will be small and the
system will settle at an equilibrium point where it adjusts the off time in each switching cycle to meet the current
requirements of the load. The off time adjustment is done by exceeding the regulation limit during each switching
cycle and waiting until the voltage drops below the limit again to start the next switching cycle. The current in the
coil never goes to zero like it frequently does in the hysteretic operating mode of circuits with wide load variations
or duty cycles that aren't matched to the input/output voltage ratio. Optimizing the duty cycle for a given set of
input/output voltages conditions can be done by using the circuit values in the Application Notes.
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LOW VOLTAGE START-UP
The LM4804 can start-up from voltages as low as 1.1 volts. On start-up, the control circuitry switches the N-
channel MOSFET continuously until the output reaches 3 volts. After this output voltage is reached, the normal
step-up regulator feedback and gated oscillator control scheme take over. Once the device is in regulation, it can
operate down to below .8V input, since the internal power for the IC can be boot-strapped from the output using
the Vdd pin.
SHUT DOWN
The LM4804 features a shutdown mode that reduces the quiescent current to less than a 2.5uA over
temperature. This extends the life of the battery in battery powered applications. During shutdown, all feedback
and control circuitry is turned off. The regulator's output voltage drops to one diode drop below the input voltage.
Entry into the shutdown mode is controlled by the active-low logic input pin S/D1 (pin 26). When the logic input to
this pin is pulled below 0.15VDD, the device goes into shutdown mode. The logic input to this pin should be above
0.7VDD for the device to work in normal step-up mode.
SELECTING OUTPUT CAPACITOR (CO) FOR BOOST CONVERTER
A single ceramic capacitor of value 4.7µF to 10µF will provide sufficient output capacitance for most applications.
If larger amounts of capacitance are desired for improved line support and transient response, tantalum
capacitors can be used. Aluminum electrolytics with ultra low ESR such as Sanyo Oscon can be used, but are
usually prohibitively expensive. Typical AI electrolytic capacitors are not suitable for switching frequencies above
500 kHz due to significant ringing and temperature rise due to self-heating from ripple current. An output
capacitor with excessive ESR can also reduce phase margin and cause instability.
In general, if electrolytics are used, it is recommended that they be paralleled with ceramic capacitors to reduce
ringing, switching losses, and output voltage ripple.
INTERNAL CURRENT LIMIT AND THERMAL PROTECTION
An internal cycle-by-cycle current limit serves as a protection feature. This is set high enough (2.85A typical,
approximately 4A maximum) so as not to come into effect during normal operating conditions. An internal thermal
protection circuit disables the MOSFET power switch when the junction temperature (TJ) exceeds about 160°C.
The switch is re-enabled when TJdrops below approximately 135°C.
NON-LINEAR EFFECT
The LM4804 takes advantage of a non-linear effect that allows for the duty cycle to be programmable. The C3
capacitor is used to dump charge on the FREQ pin in order to manipulate the duty cycle of the internal oscillator.
The part is being tricked to behave in a certain manner, in the effort to make this Pulse Frequency Modulated
(PFM) boost switching regulator behave as a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) boost switching regulator.
CHOOSING THE CORRECT C3 CAPACITOR
The C3 capacitor allows for the duty cycle of the internal oscillator to be programmable. Choosing the correct C3
capacitor to get the appropriate duty cycle for a particular application circuit is a trial and error process. The non-
linear effect that C3 produces is dependent on the input voltage and output voltage values. The correct C3
capacitor for particular input and output voltage values cannot be calculated. Choosing the correct C3
capacitance is best done by trial and error, in conjunction with the checking of the inductor peak current to make
sure your not too close to the current limit of the device. As the C3 capacitor value increases, so does the duty
cycle. And conversely as the C3 capacitor value decreases, the duty cycle decreases. An incorrect choice of the
C3 capacitor can result in the part prematurely tripping the current limit and/or double pulsing, which could lead
to the output voltage not being stable.
SETTING THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
The output voltage of the step-up regulator can be set by connecting a feedback resistive divider made of RF1
and RF2. The resistor values are selected as follows:
R1= R2[(VOUT/1.24) −1] (6)
A value of 50k to 100k is suggested for R2. Then, R1can be selected using Equation 6.
Copyright © 2005–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 13
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VDD SUPPLY
The Vdd supply must be between 3 to 5 volts for the LM4804. This voltage can be bootstrapped from a much
lower input voltage by simply connecting the VDD pin to VOUT. In the event that the VDD supply voltage is not a
low ripple voltage source (less than 200 millivolts), it may be advisable to use an RC filter to clean it up.
Excessive ripple on VDD may reduce the efficiency.
SETTING THE SWITCHING FREQUENCY
The switching frequency of the oscillator is selected by choosing an external resistor (R3) connected between VIN
and the FREQ pin. See the graph titled "Frequency vs VIN” in the Typical Performance Characteristics section of
the data sheet for choosing the R3 value to achieve the desired switching frequency. A high switching frequency
allows the use of very small surface mount inductors and capacitors and results in a very small solution size. A
switching frequency between 300kHz and 2MHz is recommended.
OUTPUT DIODE SELECTION
A Schottky diode should be used for the output diode. The forward current rating of the diode should be higher
than the peak input current, and the reverse voltage rating must be higher than the output voltage. Do not use
ordinary rectifier diodes, since slow switching speeds and long recovery times cause the efficiency and the load
regulation to suffer. Table 1 shows a list of the diode manufacturers.
WQFN PACKAGE DEVICES
The LM4804 is offered in the 14 lead WQFN surface mount package to allow for increased power dissipation
compared to the MSOP-8. For details of the thermal performance as well as mounting and soldering
specifications, refer to Application Note AN-1187.
RECOMMENDED PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUT
Figure 22 through Figure 27 show the recommended four-layer PC board layout that is optimized for the LQ-
packaged, 3V 1.7W LM4804 mono-BTL audio amplifier and its associated external components. This circuit is
designed for use with an external 3V to 4.2V supply and speakers with 4Ωor higher impedance (8Ωnominal).
The LM4804 circuit board is easy to use. Apply between 3V and 4.2V (equivalent to, respectfully, a discharged or
a fully charged Li-ion or NMH battery) and ground to JP2's VDD and GND pins, respectively. Connect a speaker
with an impedance of 4Ωor greater (8Ωnominal) between the board’s VO1 (-) and VO2 (+) pins. An audio signal
is applied to JP1 between the VIN (+) and GND (-) pins.
The circuit board is configured for a gain of 20 or 26dB (VO2 -VO1 with respect to VIN). An inverting gain of -10
at VO1 is set by Rf (200kΩ) versus Ri (20kΩ). The extra gain of 2 is a product of the BTL output (VO2 - VO1).
Gain can be modified by changing Rf's value with respect to Ri.
Table 1. Suggested Manufacturers List
Inductors Capacitors Diodes
Coilcraft Sprague/ Vishay Motorola
Tel: (800) 322-2645 Tel: (207) 324-4140 Tel: (800) 521-6274
Fax: (708) 639-1469 Fax: (207) 324-7223 Fax: (602) 244-6609
Coiltronics Kemet International Rectifier (IR)
Tel: (407) 241-7876 Tel: (864) 963-6300 Tel: (310) 322-3331
Fax: (407) 241-9339 Fax: (864) 963-6521 Fax: (310) 322-3332
Pulse Engineering Nichicon General Semiconductor
Tel: (619) 674-8100 Tel: (847) 843-7500 Tel: (516) 847-3222
Fax: (619) 674-8262 Fax: (847) 843-2798 Fax: (516) 847-3150
14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2005–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links: LM4804
S/D1
GND2
25
26
GND1
3
75
SW
VDD
L1
4.7 PH
FB 28
Cf1
470 pF
R2
78.7k
R1
301k
S/D
S/D2
18
Cs1
4.7 PFCo
100 PF
V1 12
Cs2
4.7 PF
GND3 22
Cb
1.0 PF
Bypass
19
VO2 14
VO1 11
8:
Bat
VDD
20k -IN
8
0.1 PF
Ci
Audio In
Rf
200k
+IN
9
V1 = VFB (1 + R1/R2)
D1
Ri
BOOT 6
C3
4.7 pF
FREQ
27
R3
150k
10 PH
0.1 PF
LM4804
www.ti.com
SNAS268C –MARCH 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013
Figure 21. Demo Board Reference Schematic
Copyright © 2005–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 15
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www.ti.com
Demonstration Board Layout
Figure 22. Top Trace Layer Silkscreen Figure 23. Top Layer Silkscreen
Figure 24. Top Trace Layer Figure 25. Upper Internal GND Layer
Figure 26. Lower Internal VDD Layer Figure 27. Bottom Trace Layer with GND Plane
16 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 2005–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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LM4804
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SNAS268C –MARCH 2005–REVISED APRIL 2013
Revision History
Rev Date Description
1.0 6/14/05 Under SHUTDOWN (Apps section), changed EN to S/D1 and
(pin– 2) into pin 26, then re-released D/S to the WEB.
C 4/08/13 Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format.
Copyright © 2005–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Submit Documentation Feedback 17
Product Folder Links: LM4804
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 7-Nov-2016
Addendum-Page 1
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device Status
(1)
Package Type Package
Drawing Pins Package
Qty Eco Plan
(2)
Lead/Ball Finish
(6)
MSL Peak Temp
(3)
Op Temp (°C) Device Marking
(4/5)
Samples
LM4804LQ/NOPB LIFEBUY WQFN NJB 28 1000 Green (RoHS
& no Sb/Br) CU SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM L4804LQ
(1) The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2) Eco Plan - The planned eco-friendly classification: Pb-Free (RoHS), Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt), or Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br) - please check http://www.ti.com/productcontent for the latest availability
information and additional product content details.
TBD: The Pb-Free/Green conversion plan has not been defined.
Pb-Free (RoHS): TI's terms "Lead-Free" or "Pb-Free" mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances, including the requirement that
lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, TI Pb-Free products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes.
Pb-Free (RoHS Exempt): This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1) lead-based flip-chip solder bumps used between the die and package, or 2) lead-based die adhesive used between
the die and leadframe. The component is otherwise considered Pb-Free (RoHS compatible) as defined above.
Green (RoHS & no Sb/Br): TI defines "Green" to mean Pb-Free (RoHS compatible), and free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight
in homogeneous material)
(3) MSL, Peak Temp. - The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications, and peak solder temperature.
(4) There may be additional marking, which relates to the logo, the lot trace code information, or the environmental category on the device.
(5) Multiple Device Markings will be inside parentheses. Only one Device Marking contained in parentheses and separated by a "~" will appear on a device. If a line is indented then it is a continuation
of the previous line and the two combined represent the entire Device Marking for that device.
(6) Lead/Ball Finish - Orderable Devices may have multiple material finish options. Finish options are separated by a vertical ruled line. Lead/Ball Finish values may wrap to two lines if the finish
value exceeds the maximum column width.
Important Information and Disclaimer:The information provided on this page represents TI's knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. TI bases its knowledge and belief on information
provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. TI has taken and
continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals.
TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release.
In no event shall TI's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part(s) at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis.
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com 7-Nov-2016
Addendum-Page 2
TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package
Type Package
Drawing Pins SPQ Reel
Diameter
(mm)
Reel
Width
W1 (mm)
A0
(mm) B0
(mm) K0
(mm) P1
(mm) W
(mm) Pin1
Quadrant
LM4804LQ/NOPB WQFN NJB 28 1000 178.0 12.4 5.3 5.3 1.3 8.0 12.0 Q1
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 12-Aug-2013
Pack Materials-Page 1
*All dimensions are nominal
Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length (mm) Width (mm) Height (mm)
LM4804LQ/NOPB WQFN NJB 28 1000 210.0 185.0 35.0
PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION
www.ti.com 12-Aug-2013
Pack Materials-Page 2
MECHANICAL DATA
NJB0028A
www.ti.com
LQA28A (REV B)
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