LM324MX NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

Product

Folder

Sample &

Buy

Technical

Documents

Tools &

Software

Support &

Community

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,

intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

LMx24-N, LM2902-N Low-Power, Quad-Operational Amplifiers

1 Features

1• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain

• Large DC Voltage Gain 100 dB

• Wide Bandwidth (Unity Gain) 1 MHz

(Temperature Compensated)

• Wide Power Supply Range:

– Single Supply 3 V to 32 V

– or Dual Supplies ±1.5 V to ±16 V

• Very Low Supply Current Drain (700 μA)

—Essentially Independent of Supply Voltage

• Low Input Biasing Current 45 nA

(Temperature Compensated)

• Low Input Offset Voltage 2 mV

and Offset Current: 5 nA

• Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Includes

Ground

• Differential Input Voltage Range Equal to the

Power Supply Voltage

• Large Output Voltage Swing 0 V to V+−1.5 V

•Advantages:

– Eliminates Need for Dual Supplies

– Four Internally Compensated Op Amps in a

Single Package

– Allows Direct Sensing Near GND and VOUT

also Goes to GND

– Compatible With All Forms of Logic

– Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation

– In the Linear Mode the Input Common-Mode,

Voltage Range Includes Ground and the

Output Voltage

– Can Swing to Ground, Even Though Operated

from Only a Single Power Supply Voltage

– Unity Gain Cross Frequency is Temperature

Compensated

– Input Bias Current is Also Temperature

Compensated

2 Applications

• Transducer Amplifiers

• DC Gain Blocks

• Conventional Op Amp Circuits

3 Description

The LM124-N series consists of four independent,

high-gain, internally frequency compensated

operational amplifiers designed to operate from a

single power supply over a wide range of voltages.

Operation from split-power supplies is also possible

and the low-power supply current drain is

independent of the magnitude of the power supply

voltage.

Application areas include transducer amplifiers, DC

gain blocks and all the conventional op amp circuits

which now can be more easily implemented in single

power supply systems. For example, the LM124-N

series can directly operate off of the standard 5-V

power supply voltage which is used in digital systems

and easily provides the required interface electronics

without requiring the additional ±15 V power supplies.

Device Information(1)

PART NUMBER PACKAGE BODY SIZE (NOM)

LM124-N CDIP (14) 19.56 mm × 6.67 mm

LM224-N

LM324-N

CDIP (14) 19.56 mm × 6.67 mm

PDIP (14) 19.177 mm × 6.35 mm

SOIC (14) 8.65 mm × 3.91 mm

TSSOP (14) 5.00 mm × 4.40 mm

LM2902-N PDIP (14) 19.177 mm × 6.35 mm

SOIC (14) 8.65 mm × 3.91 mm

TSSOP (14) 5.00 mm × 4.40 mm

(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at

the end of the datasheet.

Schematic Diagram

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Table of Contents

1 Features.................................................................. 1

2 Applications ........................................................... 1

3 Description............................................................. 1

4 Revision History..................................................... 2

5 Pin Configuration and Functions......................... 3

6 Specifications......................................................... 4

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ...................................... 4

6.2 ESD Ratings.............................................................. 4

6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions....................... 4

6.4 Thermal Information.................................................. 5

6.5 Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A ........ 5

6.6 Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-

N/2902-N ................................................................... 6

6.7 Typical Characteristics.............................................. 8

7 Detailed Description............................................ 11

7.1 Overview................................................................. 11

7.2 Functional Block Diagram....................................... 11

7.3 Feature Description................................................. 11

7.4 Device Functional Modes........................................ 11

8 Application and Implementation ........................ 13

8.1 Application Information............................................ 13

8.2 Typical Applications ............................................... 13

9 Power Supply Recommendations...................... 23

10 Layout................................................................... 23

10.1 Layout Guidelines ................................................. 23

10.2 Layout Example .................................................... 23

11 Device and Documentation Support................. 24

11.1 Related Links ........................................................ 24

11.2 Trademarks........................................................... 24

11.3 Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................ 24

11.4 Glossary................................................................ 24

12 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable

Information........................................................... 24

4 Revision History

Changes from Revision C (November 2012) to Revision D Page

• Added Pin Configuration and Functions section, ESD Ratings table, Feature Description section, Device Functional

Modes,Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device

and Documentation Support section, and Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section ............................... 1

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

www.ti.com

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

5 Pin Configuration and Functions

J Package

14-Pin CDIP

Top View

D Package

14-Pin SOIC

Top View

Pin Functions

PIN TYPE DESCRIPTION

NAME NO.

OUTPUT1 1 O Output, Channel 1

INPUT1- 2 I Inverting Input, Channel 1

INPUT1+ 3 I Noninverting Input, Channel 1

V+ 4 P Positive Supply Voltage

INPUT2+ 5 I Nonnverting Input, Channel 2

INPUT2- 6 I Inverting Input, Channel 2

OUTPUT2 7 O Output, Channel 2

OUTPUT3 8 O Output, Channel 3

INPUT3- 9 I Inverting Input, Channel 3

INPUT3+ 10 I Noninverting Input, Channel 3

GND 11 P Ground or Negative Supply Voltage

INPUT4+ 12 I Noninverting Input, Channel 4

INPUT4- 13 I Inverting Input, Channel 4

OUTPUT4 14 O Output, Channel 4

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

(1) Refer to RETS124AX for LM124A military specifications and refer to RETS124X for LM124-N military specifications.

(2) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and

specifications.

(3) This input current will only exist when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of

the input PNP transistors becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diode clamps. In addition to this diode action, there is

also lateral NPN parasitic transistor action on the IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op amps to go to

the V+voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time duration that an input is driven negative. This is not destructive and

normal output states will re-establish when the input voltage, which was negative, again returns to a value greater than −0.3 V (at 25°C).

(4) For operating at high temperatures, the LM324-N/LM324A/LM2902-N must be derated based on a 125°C maximum junction

temperature and a thermal resistance of 88°C/W which applies for the device soldered in a printed circuit board, operating in a still air

ambient. The LM224-N/LM224A and LM124-N/LM124A can be derated based on a 150°C maximum junction temperature. The

dissipation is the total of all four amplifiers—use external resistors, where possible, to allow the amplifier to saturate of to reduce the

power which is dissipated in the integrated circuit.

(5) Short circuits from the output to V+can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground,

the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V,

continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result

from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers.

6 Specifications

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

See (1)(2).LM124-N/LM224-N/LM324-N

LM124A/LM224A/LM324A LM2902-N

MIN MAX MIN MAX UNIT

Supply Voltage, V+32 26 V

Differential Input Voltage 32 26 V

Input Voltage −0.3 32 −0.3 26 V

Input Current (VIN <−0.3 V)(3) 50 50 mA

Power

Dissipation(4) PDIP 1130 1130 mW

CDIP 1260 1260 mW

SOIC Package 800 800 mW

Output Short-Circuit to GND

(One Amplifier)(5) V+≤15 V and TA= 25°C Continuous Continuous

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) 260 260 °C

Soldering

Information

Dual-In-Line

Package Soldering (10 seconds) 260 260 °C

Small

Outline

Package

Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215 215 °C

Infrared (15 seconds) 220 220 °C

Storage temperature, Tstg –65 150 –65 150 °C

(1) JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

6.2 ESD Ratings VALUE UNIT

V(ESD) Electrostatic discharge Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1) ±250 V

6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted) MIN MAX UNIT

Supply Voltage (V+- V-): LM124-N/LM124A/LM224-N/LM224A/LM324-N/LM324A 3 32 V

Supply Voltage (V+- V-): LM2902-N 3 26 V

Operating Input Voltage on Input pins 0 V+ V

Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM124-N/LM124A -55 125 °C

Operating junction temperature, TJ: L2902-N -40 85 °C

Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM224-N/LM224A -25 85 °C

Operating junction temperature, TJ: LM324-N/LM324A 0 70 °C

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

www.ti.com

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

(1) For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the IC Package Thermal Metrics application report, SPRA953.

6.4 Thermal Information

THERMAL METRIC(1)

LM124-N /

LM224-N LM324-N /

LM2902-N UNIT

J/CDIP D/SOIC

14 PINS 14 PINS

RθJA Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance 88 88 °C/W

(1) These specifications are limited to −55°C ≤TA≤+125°C for the LM124-N/LM124A. With the LM224-N/LM224A, all temperature

specifications are limited to −25°C ≤TA≤+85°C, the LM324-N/LM324A temperature specifications are limited to 0°C ≤TA≤+70°C, and

the LM2902-N specifications are limited to −40°C ≤TA≤+85°C.

(2) VO≃1.4V, RS= 0 Ωwith V+from 5 V to 30 V; and over the full input common-mode range (0 V to V+−1.5 V) for LM2902-N, V+from 5

V to 26 V.

(3) The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the

state of the output so no loading change exists on the input lines.

(4) The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V (at 25°C). The

upper end of the common-mode voltage range is V+−1.5 V (at 25°C), but either or both inputs can go to 32 V without damage (26 V for

LM2902-N), independent of the magnitude of V+.

(5) Due to proximity of external components, insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This

typically can be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies.

(6) Short circuits from the output to V+can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground,

the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V,

continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result

from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers.

6.5 Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A

V+= 5.0 V, (1), unless otherwise stated

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124A LM224A LM324A UNIT

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

Input Offset Voltage TA= 25°C(2) 1 2 1 3 2 3 mV

Input Bias Current(3) IIN(+) or IIN(−), VCM = 0 V,

TA= 25°C 20 50 40 80 45 100 nA

Input Offset Current IIN(+) or IIN(−), VCM = 0 V,

TA= 25°C 2 10 2 15 5 30 nA

Input Common-Mode

Voltage Range(4) V+= 30 V, (LM2902-N,

V+= 26 V), TA= 25°C 0V+−1.5 0V+−1.5 0V+−1.5 V

Supply Current

Over Full Temperature Range,

RL=∞On All Op Amps

V+= 30 V (LM2902-N V+= 26 V) 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.5 3 mA

V+= 5 V 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2

Large Signal

Voltage Gain V+= 15 V, RL≥2 kΩ,

(VO= 1 V to 11 V), TA= 25°C 50 100 50 100 25 100 V/mV

Common-Mode

Rejection Ratio DC, VCM = 0 V to V+−1.5 V,

TA= 25°C 70 85 70 85 65 85 dB

Power Supply

Rejection Ratio

V+= 5 V to 30 V, (LM2902-N,

V+= 5V to 26 V),

TA= 25°C 65 100 65 100 65 100 dB

Amplifier-to-Amplifier

Coupling(5) f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, TA= 25°C,

(Input Referred) −120 −120 −120 dB

Output

Current

Source VIN+= 1 V, VIN−= 0 V,

V+= 15 V, VO= 2 V, TA= 25°C 20 40 20 40 20 40 mA

Sink

VIN−= 1 V, VIN+= 0 V,

V+= 15 V, VO= 2 V, TA= 25°C 10 20 10 20 10 20

μA

VIN−= 1 V, VIN+= 0 V,

V+= 15 V, VO= 200 mV, TA= 25°C 12 50 12 50 12 50

Short Circuit to Ground V+= 15 V,

TA= 25°C(6) 40 60 40 60 40 60 mA

Input Offset Voltage See(2) 4 4 5 mV

VOS Drift RS= 0 Ω7 20 7 20 7 30 μV/°C

Input Offset Current IIN(+) −IIN(−), VCM = 0 V 30 30 75 nA

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Electrical Characteristics: LM124A/224A/324A (continued)

V+= 5.0 V, (1), unless otherwise stated

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124A LM224A LM324A UNIT

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

IOS Drift RS= 0 Ω10 200 10 200 10 300 pA/°C

Input Bias Current IIN(+) or IIN(−)40 100 40 100 40 200 nA

Input Common-Mode

Voltage Range(4) V+= 30 V,

(LM2902-N, V+= 26 V) 0V+−20V+−20V+−2V

Large Signal

Voltage Gain V+= 15 V (VOSwing = 1 V to 11 V),

RL≥2 kΩ25 25 15 V/mV

Output

Voltage

Swing

VOH V+= 30 V

(LM2902-N,

V+= 26 V)

RL= 2 kΩ26 26 26 V

RL= 10 kΩ27 28 27 28 27 28

VOL V+= 5 V, RL= 10 kΩ5 20 5 20 5 20 mV

Output

Current

Source

VO= 2 V

VIN+= +1V,

VIN−= 0V,

V+= 15V 10 20 10 20 10 20

Sink VIN−= +1V,

VIN+= 0V,

V+= 15V

10 15 5 8 5 8

(1) These specifications are limited to −55°C ≤TA≤+125°C for the LM124-N/LM124A. With the LM224-N/LM224A, all temperature

specifications are limited to −25°C ≤TA≤+85°C, the LM324-N/LM324A temperature specifications are limited to 0°C ≤TA≤+70°C, and

the LM2902-N specifications are limited to −40°C ≤TA≤+85°C.

(2) VO≃1.4V, RS= 0 Ωwith V+from 5 V to 30 V; and over the full input common-mode range (0 V to V+−1.5 V) for LM2902-N, V+from 5

V to 26 V.

(3) The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the

state of the output so no loading change exists on the input lines.

(4) The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 V (at 25°C). The

upper end of the common-mode voltage range is V+−1.5 V (at 25°C), but either or both inputs can go to 32 V without damage (26 V for

LM2902-N), independent of the magnitude of V+.

(5) Due to proximity of external components, insure that coupling is not originating via stray capacitance between these external parts. This

typically can be detected as this type of capacitance increases at higher frequencies.

6.6 Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-N/2902-N

V+= +5.0V, (1), unless otherwise stated

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124-N / LM224-N LM324-N LM2902-N UNIT

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

Input Offset Voltage TA= 25°C(2) 2 5 2 7 2 7 mV

Input Bias Current(3) IIN(+) or IIN(−), VCM = 0 V, TA= 25°C 45 150 45 250 45 250 nA

Input Offset Current IIN(+) or IIN(−), VCM = 0 V, TA= 25°C 3 30 5 50 5 50 nA

Input Common-Mode Voltage

Range(4) V+= 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+= 26V),

TA= 25°C 0V+−1.

50V+−1.

Supply Current

Over Full Temperature Range

RL=∞On All Op Amps,

V+= 30 V (LM2902-N V+= 26 V) 1.5 3 1.5 3 1.5 3 mA

V+= 5 V 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.2

Large Signal Voltage Gain V+= 15V, RL≥2 kΩ,

(VO= 1 V to 11 V), TA= 25°C 50 100 25 100 25 100 V/mV

Common-Mode Rejection

Ratio DC, VCM = 0 V to V+−1.5 V, TA= 25°C 70 85 65 85 50 70 dB

Power Supply Rejection Ratio V+= 5 V to 30 V (LM2902-N,

V+= 5 V to 26 V), TA= 25°C 65 100 65 100 50 100 dB

Amplifier-to-Amplifier

Coupling(5) f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, TA= 25°C

(Input Referred) −120 −120 −120 dB

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

www.ti.com

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Electrical Characteristics: LM124-N/224-N/324-N/2902-N (continued)

V+= +5.0V, (1), unless otherwise stated

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS LM124-N / LM224-N LM324-N LM2902-N UNIT

MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX

(6) Short circuits from the output to V+can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground,

the maximum output current is approximately 40 mA independent of the magnitude of V+. At values of supply voltage in excess of 15 V,

continuous short-circuits can exceed the power dissipation ratings and cause eventual destruction. Destructive dissipation can result

from simultaneous shorts on all amplifiers.

Output

Current

Source VIN+= 1 V, VIN−= 0 V,

V+= 15 V, VO= 2 V, TA= 25°C 20 40 20 40 20 40 mA

Sink

VIN−= 1 V, VIN+= 0 V,

V+= 15 V, VO= 2 V, TA= 25°C 10 20 10 20 10 20 mA

VIN−= 1 V, VIN+= 0 V,

V+= 15 V, VO= 200 mV, TA= 25°C 12 50 12 50 12 50 µA

Short Circuit to Ground V+= 15 V, TA= 25°C(6) 40 60 40 60 40 60 mA

Input Offset Voltage See (2) 7 9 10 mV

VOS Drift RS= 0 Ω7 7 7 µV/°C

Input Offset Current IIN(+) −IIN(−), VCM = 0 V 100 150 45 200 nA

IOS Drift RS= 0 Ω10 10 10 pA/°C

Input Bias Current IIN(+) or IIN(−)40 300 40 500 40 500 nA

Input Common-Mode Voltage

Range(4) V+= 30 V, (LM2902-N, V+= 26 V) 0V+−20V+−20V+−2V

Large Signal Voltage Gain V+= 15 V (VOSwing = 1V to 11V),

RL≥2 kΩ25 15 15 V/mV

Output

Voltage

Swing

VOH V+= 30 V (LM2902-N,

V+= 26 V) RL= 2 kΩ26 26 22 V

RL= 10 kΩ27 28 27 28 23 24

VOL V+= 5 V, RL= 10 kΩ5 20 5 20 5 100 mV

Output

Current

Source VO= 2 V VIN+= 1 V,

VIN−= 0 V,

V+= 15 V 10 20 10 20 10 20 mA

Sink VIN−= 1 V,

VIN+= 0 V,

V+= 15 V 5 8 5 8 5 8 mA

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

6.7 Typical Characteristics

Figure 1. Input Voltage Range Figure 2. Input Current

Figure 3. Supply Current Figure 4. Voltage Gain

Figure 5. Open-Loop Frequency Response Figure 6. Common Mode Rejection Ratio

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

www.ti.com

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Typical Characteristics (continued)

Figure 7. Voltage Follower Pulse Response Figure 8. Voltage Follower Pulse Response (Small Signal)

Figure 9. Large Signal Frequency Response Figure 10. Output Characteristics Current Sourcing

Figure 11. Output Characteristics Current Sinking Figure 12. Current Limiting

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Typical Characteristics (continued)

Figure 13. Input Current (LM2902-N Only) Figure 14. Voltage Gain (LM2902-N Only)

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

www.ti.com

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

7 Detailed Description

7.1 Overview

The LM124-N series are op amps which operate with only a single power supply voltage, have true-differential

inputs, and remain in the linear mode with an input common-mode voltage of 0 VDC. These amplifiers operate

over a wide range of power supply voltage with little change in performance characteristics. At 25°C amplifier

operation is possible down to a minimum supply voltage of 2.3 VDC.

7.2 Functional Block Diagram

7.3 Feature Description

The LM124 provides a compelling balance of performance versus current consumption. The 700 μA of supply

current draw over the wide operating conditions with a 1-MHz gain-bandwidth and temperature compensated

bias currents makes the LM124 an effective solution for large variety of applications. The input offset voltage of 2

mV and offset current of 5 nA, along with the 45n-A bias current across a wide supply voltage means a single

design can be used in a large number of different implementations.

7.4 Device Functional Modes

Large differential input voltages can be easily accommodated and, as input differential voltage protection diodes

are not needed, no large input currents result from large differential input voltages. The differential input voltage

may be larger than V+without damaging the device. Protection should be provided to prevent the input voltages

from going negative more than −0.3 VDC (at 25°C). An input clamp diode with a resistor to the IC input terminal

can be used.

To reduce the power supply drain, the amplifiers have a class A output stage for small signal levels which

converts to class B in a large signal mode. This allows the amplifiers to both source and sink large output

currents. Therefore both NPN and PNP external current boost transistors can be used to extend the power

capability of the basic amplifiers. The output voltage needs to raise approximately 1 diode drop above ground to

bias the on-chip vertical PNP transistor for output current sinking applications.

For ac applications, where the load is capacitively coupled to the output of the amplifier, a resistor should be

used, from the output of the amplifier to ground to increase the class A bias current and prevent crossover

distortion.

Where the load is directly coupled, as in dc applications, there is no crossover distortion.

Capacitive loads which are applied directly to the output of the amplifier reduce the loop stability margin. Values

of 50 pF can be accommodated using the worst-case non-inverting unity gain connection. Large closed loop

gains or resistive isolation should be used if larger load capacitance must be driven by the amplifier.

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Device Functional Modes (continued)

The bias network of the LM124-N establishes a drain current which is independent of the magnitude of the power

supply voltage over the range of from 3 VDC to 30 VDC.

Output short circuits either to ground or to the positive power supply should be of short time duration. Units can

be destroyed, not as a result of the short circuit current causing metal fusing, but rather due to the large increase

in IC chip dissipation which will cause eventual failure due to excessive junction temperatures. Putting direct

short-circuits on more than one amplifier at a time will increase the total IC power dissipation to destructive

levels, if not properly protected with external dissipation limiting resistors in series with the output leads of the

amplifiers. The larger value of output source current which is available at 25°C provides a larger output current

capability at elevated temperatures (see Typical Characteristics) than a standard IC op amp.

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

www.ti.com

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

8 Application and Implementation

NOTE

Information in the following applications sections is not part of the TI component

specification, and TI does not warrant its accuracy or completeness. TI’s customers are

responsible for determining suitability of components for their purposes. Customers should

validate and test their design implementation to confirm system functionality.

8.1 Application Information

The LM124 series of amplifiers is specified for operation from 3 V to 32 V (±1.5 V to ±16 V). Many of the

specifications apply from –40°C to 125°C. Parameters that can exhibit significant variance with regards to

operating voltage or temperature are presented in Typical Characteristics.

8.2 Typical Applications

Figure 15 emphasizes operation on only a single power supply voltage. If complementary power supplies are

available, all of the standard op amp circuits can be used. In general, introducing a pseudo-ground (a bias

voltage reference of V+/2) will allow operation above and below this value in single power supply systems. Many

application circuits are shown which take advantage of the wide input common-mode voltage range which

includes ground. In most cases, input biasing is not required and input voltages which range to ground can easily

be accommodated.

8.2.1 Non-Inverting DC Gain (0 V Input = 0 V Output)

*R not needed due to temperature independent IIN

Figure 15. Non-Inverting Amplifier with G=100

8.2.1.1 Design Requirements

For this example application, the required signal gain is a non-inverting 100x±5% with a supply voltage of 5 V.

8.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure

Using the equation for a non-inverting gain configuration, Av = 1+R2/R1. Setting the R1 to 10 kΩ, R2 is 99 times

larger than R1, which is 990 kΩ. A 1MΩis more readily available, and provides a gain of 101, which is within the

desired specification.

The gain-frequency characteristic of the amplifier and its feedback network must be such that oscillation does not

occur. To meet this condition, the phase shift through amplifier and feedback network must never exceed 180°

for any frequency where the gain of the amplifier and its feedback network is greater than unity. In practical

applications, the phase shift should not approach 180° since this is the situation of conditional stability. Obviously

the most critical case occurs when the attenuation of the feedback network is zero.

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Typical Applications (continued)

8.2.1.3 Application Curve

Figure 16. Non-Inverting Amplified Response Curve

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

www.ti.com

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Typical Applications (continued)

8.2.2 Other Application Circuits at V+= 5.0 VDC

Where: V0= V1+ V2−V3−V4

(V1+ V2)≥(V3+ V4) to keep VO> 0 VDC

Where: V0=0VDC for VIN =0VDC

AV= 10

Figure 17. DC Summing Amplifier

(VIN'S ≥0 VDC And VO≥VDC)Figure 18. Power Amplifier

fo= 1 kHz Q = 50 AV= 100 (40 dB)

Figure 19. LED Driver Figure 20. “BI-QUAD” RC Active Bandpass Filter

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

www.ti.com

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Typical Applications (continued)

Figure 21. Fixed Current Sources

*(Increase R1 for ILsmall)

Figure 22. Lamp Driver Figure 23. Current Monitor

Figure 24. Driving TTL Figure 25. Voltage Follower

LM124-N

LM224-N

LM2902-N

LM324-N

www.ti.com

SNOSC16D –MARCH 2000–REVISED JANUARY 2015

Product Folder Links: LM124-N LM224-N LM2902-N LM324-N

Typical Applications (continued)

Figure 26. Pulse Generator Figure 27. Squarewave Oscillator

IO= 1 amp/volt VIN (Increase REfor Iosmall)

Figure 28. Pulse Generator Figure 29. High Compliance Current Sink