AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
1 2
3
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
LOW CATHODE CURRENT ADJUSTABLE PRECISION SHUNT REGULATOR
Description
The AP431S is a 3-terminal adjustable shunt regulator with
guaranteed thermal stability over a full operation range. It features
sharp turn-on characteristics, low temperature coefficient and low
output impedance, which makes it ideal substitute for Zener diode in
applications such as switching power supply, charger and other
adjustable regulators.
The AP431S has the same electrical specifications as the industry
standard 431 except that it features a low minimum cathode current
for regulation. The typical value of 50μA makes the parts ideal for
very low power dissipation applications.
The output voltage of AP431S can be set to any value between VREF
(2.5V/2.495V) and the corresponding maximum cathode voltage
(36V).
The AP431S is offered in two grade initial voltage tolerance at +25°C,
0.5% and 1%.
This IC is available in 3 packages: TO92 (ammo packing), SOT23
and SOT89.
Features
Low Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation: 50μA (Typ.),
100μA (Max.)
Programmable Precise Output Voltage from 2.5V/2.495V to 36V
High Stability Under Capacitive Load
Low Deviation of Reference Voltage Over Full Temperature
Range: 11mV Typical (-40°C to +125°C)
Sink Current Capacity from 100µA to 100mA
Low Dynamic Impedance: 0.1Ω (Typ.)
Wide Operating Temperature Range: -40C to +125°C
Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)
Pin Assignments
(Top View) (Top View)
SOT23 (Package Code: N) SOT23 (Package Code: N1)
(Top View) (Top View)
SOT89 (Option 1) SOT89 (Option 2)
(Top View)
TO92 (Ammo Packing)
Applications
Charger
Voltage Adapter
Switching Power Supply
Graphic Card
Precision Voltage Reference
Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS) & 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) compliant.
2. See http://www.diodes.com/quality/lead_free.html for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green"
and Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.
123
REF ANODE CATHODE
1 2
3
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Typical Applications Circuit
Shunt Regulator
High Current Shunt Regulator
Current Source or Current Limit
VOUT=(1+R1/R2) x VREF
VOUT=(1+R2/R3) x VREF
IOUT=VREF/R2+IKA
AP431S
AP431S
AP431S
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Typical Applications Circuit (Cont.)
Precision 5V 1A Regulator
PWM Converter with Reference
AP431S
AP431S
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Functional Block Diagram
REF
VREF
CATHODE
ANODE
+
-
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4)
Symbol
Parameter
Rating
Unit
VKA
Cathode Voltage
40
V
IKA
Cathode Current Range (Continuous)
-100 to 150
mA
IREF
Reference Input Current Range
10
mA
PD
Power Dissipation
TO92
750
mW
SOT89
750
SOT23
350
TJ
Junction Temperature
+150
°C
TSTG
Storage Temperature Range
-65 to +150
°C
ESD
ESD (Human Body Model)
5,500
V
ESD
ESD (Machine Model)
300
V
Note 4: Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied.
Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Recommended Operating Conditions
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
VKA
Cathode Voltage
VREF
36
V
IKA
Cathode Current
0.1
100
mA
TA
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
-40
+125
°C
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Electrical Characteristics (TA = +25°C, unless otherwise specified.)
Symbol
Parameter
Test
Circuit
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
VREF
Reference
Voltage
0.5%
4
VKA = VREF, IKA = 1mA (AP431SA)
2.487
2.500
2.512
V
VKA = VREF, IKA = 1mA (AP431SHA)
2.483
2.495
2.507
1.0%
VKA = VREF, IKA = 1mA (AP431SB)
2.475
2.500
2.525
VKA = VREF, IKA = 1mA (AP431SHB)
2.470
2.495
2.520
VREF
Deviation of Reference
Voltage Over Full
Temperature Range
4
VKA = VREF
IKA = 1mA
0 to +70°C
—
3
6
mV
-40 to +85°C
—
6
10
-40 to +125°C
—
11
18
VREF
VKA
Ratio of Change in
Reference Voltage to the
Change in Cathode
Voltage
5
IKA = 1mA
VKA = 10V to VREF
—
-1.0
-2.7
mV/V
VKA = 36V to 10V
—
-0.5
-2.0
IREF
Reference Current
5
IKA = 1mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 =
—
0.2
0.5
µA
IREF
Deviation of Reference
Current Over Full
Temperature Range
5
IKA = 1mA, R1 = 10kΩ
R2 =  TA = -40 to +125°C
—
0.1
0.3
µA
IKA (Min)
Minimum Cathode Current
for Regulation
4
VKA = VREF
—
50
100
µA
IKA (Off)
Off-state Cathode Current
6
VKA = 36V, VREF = 0
—
0.05
1.0
µA
ZKA
Dynamic Impedance
4
VKA = VREF,
IKA = 1 to 100mA, f 1.0kHz
—
0.1
0.3
Ω
θJC
Thermal Resistance
—
TO92
—
80
—
°C/W
SOT89
—
80
—
SOT23
—
140
—
AP431S
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AP431S
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Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Test Circuit 4 for VKA = VREF
VIN VKA
IKA
R1
R2 VREF
VKA=VREF(1+R1/R2)+ IREF*R1
IREF
R3
AP431I
Test Circuit 5 for VKA > VREF
IOFF
VIN VKA
R1
AP431I
Test Circuit 6 for IOFF
AP431S
AP431S
AP431S
AP431S
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AP431S
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Performance Characteristics
Reference Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature Reference Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Minimal Cathode Current for Regulation Minimal Cathode Current for Regulation
at Different Ambient Temperature
Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta
Cathode Voltage vs. Case Temperature
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
IKA(MIN)
Cathode Current (A)
Cathode Voltage (V)
VKA=VREF
TA=25oC
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
IKA(MIN)
Cathode Current (A)
Cathode Voltage (V)
VKA=VREF
TA=-40oC
TA=25oC
TA=125oC
-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
VKA=VREF
TA=25oC
Cathode Current (mA)
Cathode Voltage (V)
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
2.470
2.475
2.480
2.485
2.490
2.495
2.500
2.505
2.510
2.515
2.520
Reference Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
VKA=VREF
IKA=1mA
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
Reference Current (A)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
R1=10K, R2=Infinite
IKA=1mA
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
VREF/VKA(mV/V)
Case Temperature (oC)
VKA=3V to 36V
IKA=1mA
AP431S
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AP431S
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Performance Characteristics (Cont.)
Off-state Cathode Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Small Signal Voltage Gain vs. Frequency
Stability Boundary Conditions
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
Off-state Cathode Current (A)
Ambient Temperature (oC)
VKA=36V
VREF=0V
1k 10k 100k 1M
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Small Signal Voltage Gain (dB)
Frequency (Hz)
IKA=10mA
TA=25oC
1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0
20
40
60
80
100
Stable
Stable
VKA=VREF
VKA=5V
VKA=10V: No Oscillation
VKA=15V: No Oscillation
Unstable
Cathode Current (mA)
Load Capacitance (F)
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Performance Characteristics (Cont.)
Pulse Response
Pulse
Generator
f=10KHz
220
50
Output
GND
VIN
1V/div
VOUT
1V/div
Time 10µs/div
Input Voltage
Output Voltage
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Ordering Information
G1 : Green
AP431S X X X - X
Packing
Voltage Tolerance
Product Name Package RoHS/Green
N/N1 : SOT23
R : SOT89
Z : TO92
TR: Tape & Reel
or Ammo
A : 2.5V/ 0.5%
B : 2.5V/1.0%
HA : 2.495V/ 0.5%
HB : 2.495V/1.0%
Package
Package
Code
Temperature
Range
Voltage
Tolerance
Part Number
Marking ID
Packing
SOT23
N
-40 to +125°C
0.5%
AP431SANTR-G1
GCA
3,000/Tape & Reel
N1
0.5%
AP431SAN1TR-G1
GCC
N
0.5%
AP431SHANTR-G1
GCD
N1
0.5%
AP431SHAN1TR-G1
GCE
N
1.0%
AP431SBNTR-G1
GCB
N1
1.0%
AP431SBN1TR-G1
GCF
N
1.0%
AP431SHBNTR-G1
GCG
N1
1.0%
AP431SHBN1TR-G1
GCH
SOT89
R
-40 to +125°C
0.5%
AP431SARTR-G1
G33M
1,000/Tape & Reel
R
0.5%
AP431SHARTR-G1
G37M
R
1.0%
AP431SBRTR-G1
G33R
R
1.0%
AP431SHBRTR-G1
G33S
TO92
Z
-40 to +125°C
0.5%
AP431SAZTR-G1
AP431SAZ-G1
2,000/Ammo
Z
0.5%
AP431SHAZTR-G1
AP431SHAZ-G1
Z
1.0%
AP431SBZTR-G1
AP431SBZ-G1
Z
1.0%
AP431SHBZTR-G1
AP431SHBZ-G1
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Marking Information
(1) TO92 (Ammo Packing)
(Front View)
(2) SOT23 (Top View)
(3) SOT89 (Top View)
3
21
XXX
: Logo
XXX: Marking ID (See Ordering Information)
First and Second Lines: Logo and Marking ID
(See Ordering Information)
Third Line: Date Code
Y: Year
WW: Work Week of Molding
A: Assembly House Code
XX: Internal Code
XXXXX
XXX-XX
YWWAXX
First Line: Logo and Marking ID
(See Ordering Information)
Second Line: Date Code
Y: Year
WW: Work Week of Molding
A: Assembly House Code
XX: Internal Code
2
XXXX
YWWAXX
13
XXXXX
XXXX-XX
YWWAXX
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm (inch).)
(1) Package Type: TO92 (Ammo Packing)
4.300(0.169)
4.700(0.185)
12.500(0.492)
14.500(0.571)
2.540(0.100)
Typ
1.270(0.050)
Typ
0. (0.015)
0.550(0.022)
4.400(0.173)
4.800(0.189)
3.430(0.135)
MIN
0.320(0.013)
0.510(0.020)
0.000(0.000)
0.380(0.015)
MAX
1.100(0.043
1.400(0.055)
3.300(0.130)
3.800(0.150)
Φ
1.600(0.063)
)
380
2.500(0.098)
4.000(0.157)
13.000(0.512)
15.000(0.591)
AP431S
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Package Outline Dimensions (Cont.) ( All dimensions in mm(inch).)
(2) Package Type: SOT23
2.300(0.091)
2.500(0.098) 1.200(0.047)
1.400(0.055)
0.890(0.035)
1.030(0.041)
0.300(0.012)
0.510(0.020)
1.900(0.075)REF
2.800(0.110)
3.000(0.118)
2.0°
3.0°
0.500(0.020)
0.700(0.028)
1.050(0.041)REF 0.010(0.0004)
0.100(0.004)
0.900(0.035)
1.100(0.043)
4×R0.100(0.004) 7.0°
7.0°
0.550(0.022)REF
0.200(0.008)MIN
0.100(0.004) GAUGE PLANE
0.080(0.003)
0.180(0.007)
R0.100(0.004)
0.0°
~10.0°
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Package Outline Dimensions (Cont.) (All dimensions in mm(inch).)
(3) Package Type: SOT89
45
1.550(0.061)REF
4.400(0.173)
4.600(0.181)
0.900(0.035)
1.200(0.047)
3.950(0.156)
4.250(0.167)
3.000(0.118)
TYP
0.480(0.019)
2.300(0.091)
2.600(0.102)
0.320(0.013)
0.540(0.021)
310
2.060(0.081)REF
1.400(0.055)
1.600(0.063)
0.350(0.014)
0.450(0.018)
R0.150(0.006)
3
10
1.500(0.059)
0.320(0.013)REF
1.620(0.064)REF
2.210(0.087)REF
0.320(0.013)
0.540(0.021)
1.800(0.071)
Option 1 Option 2
0.620(0.024)
1.030(0.041)REF R 0.200(0.008)
1.620(0.064)
1.830(0.072)
2.630(0.104)
2.930(0.115)
Option 1
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Suggested Pad Layout
(1) Package Type: SOT23
Y
G
Z
Y
X E
Grid placement courtyard
Dimensions
Z
(mm)/(inch)
G
(mm)/(inch)
X
(mm)/(inch)
Y
(mm)/(inch)
E
(mm)/(inch)
Value
2.900/0.114
1.100/0.043
0.800/0.031
0.900/0.035
0.950/0.037
AP431S
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AP431S
NEW PROD U C T
Suggested Pad Layout (Cont.)
(2) Package Type: SOT89
X1
X2 Y1
E
X
Y
Z
Dimensions
Z
(mm)/(inch)
X
(mm)/(inch)
X1
(mm)/(inch)
X2
(mm)/(inch)
Y
(mm)/(inch)
Y1
(mm)/(inch)
E
(mm)/(inch)
Value
4.600/0.181
0.550/0.022
1.850/0.073
0.800/0.031
1.300/0.051
1.475/0.058
1.500/0.059
AP431S
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INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
(AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION).
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without further notice to this document and any product described herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the
application or use of this document or any product described herein; neither does Diodes Incorporated convey any license under its patent or
trademark rights, nor the rights of others. Any Customer or user of this document or products described herein in such applications shall assume
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website, harmless against all damages.
Diodes Incorporated does not warrant or accept any liability whatsoever in respect of any products purchased through unauthorized sales channel.
Should Customers purchase or use Diodes Incorporated products for any unintended or unauthorized application, Customers shall indemnify and
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indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized application.
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This document is written in English but may be translated into multiple languages for reference. Only the English version of this document is the
final and determinative format released by Diodes Incorporated.
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Diodes Incorporated products are specifically not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express
written approval of the Chief Executive Officer of Diodes Incorporated. As used herein:
A. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which:
1. are intended to implant into the body, or
2. support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the
labeling can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury to the user.
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failure of the life support device or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
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