Intelligent Power Module and Gate Drive Interface Optocouplers HCPL-4506 HCPL-J456 HCPL-0466 HCNW4506 Technical Data Features * Performance Specified for Common IPM Applications over Industrial Temperature Range: -40C to 100C * Fast Maximum Propagation Delays tPHL = 480 ns tPLH = 550 ns * Minimized Pulse Width Distortion PWD = 450 ns * 15 kV/s Minimum Common Mode Transient Immunity at VCM = 1500 V * CTR > 44% at IF = 10 mA * Safety Approval UL Recognized -2500 V rms / 1 min. for HCPL-4506/0466 -3750 V rms / 1 min. for HCPL-J456 -5000 V rms / 1 min. for HCPL-4506 Option 020 and HCNW4506 Applications CSA Approved BSI Certified (HCNW4506) VDE0884 Approved -VIORM = 560 Vpeak for HCPL-0466 Option 060 -VIORM = 630 Vpeak for HCPL-4506 Option 060 -VIORM = 891 Vpeak for HCPL-J456 -VIORM = 1414 Vpeak for HCNW4506 Functional Diagram NC 1 * IPM Isolation * Isolated IGBT/MOSFET Gate Drive * AC and Brushless DC Motor Drives * Industrial Inverters Truth Table 8 VCC LED VO ON OFF L H 20 k ANODE 2 7 VL CATHODE 3 6 VO NC 4 5 GND SHIELD The connection of a 0.1 F bypass capacitor between pins 5 and 8 is recommended. CAUTION: It is advised that normal static precautions be taken in handling and assembly of this component to prevent damage and/or degradation which may be induced by ESD. 2 Description The HCPL-4506 and HCPL-0466 contain a GaAsP LED while the HCPL-J456 and the HCNW4506 contain an AlGaAs LED. The LED is optically coupled to an integrated high gain photo detector. Minimized propagation delay difference between devices makes these optocouplers excellent solutions for improving inverter efficiency through reduced switching dead time. An on chip 20 k output pull-up resistor can be enabled by shorting output pins 6 and 7, thus eliminating the need for an external pull-up resistor in common IPM applications. Specifications and performance plots are given for typical IPM applications. Selection Guide Package Type Part Number VDE0884 Approval Standard 8-Pin DIP (300 Mil) White Mold 8-Pin DIP (300 Mil) Small Outline SO8 Widebody (400 Mil) HCPL-4506 HCPL-J456 HCPL-0466 HCNW4506 VIORM = 630 Vpeak VIORM = 891 Vpeak VIORM = 560 Vpeak VIORM = 1414 Vpeak (Option 060) (Option 060) Hermetic* HCPL-5300 HCPL-5301 -- *Technical data for these products are on separate HP publications. Ordering Information Specify Part Number followed by Option Number (if desired). Example: HCPL-4506#XXX 020 = UL 5000 V rms/1 minute Option** for HCPL-4506 Only. 060 = VDE0884 Option** for HCPL-4506/0466. 300 = Gull Wing Lead Option for HCPL-4506/J456, HCNW4506. 500 = Tape and Reel Packaging Option Option data sheets are available. Contact Hewlett-Packard sales representative or authorized distributor for information. **Combination of Option 020 and Option 060 is not available. 3 Package Outline Drawings HCPL-4506 and HCPL-J456 Outline Drawing 7.62 0.25 (0.300 0.010) 9.65 0.25 (0.380 0.010) 8 TYPE NUMBER 7 6 5 6.35 0.25 (0.250 0.010) OPTION CODE* DATE CODE HP XXXXZ YYWW RU 1 2 3 UL RECOGNITION 4 1.78 (0.070) MAX. 1.19 (0.047) MAX. + 0.076 0.254 - 0.051 + 0.003) (0.010 - 0.002) 5 TYP. 4.70 (0.185) MAX. 0.51 (0.020) MIN. 2.92 (0.115) MIN. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS AND (INCHES). * MARKING CODE LETTER FOR OPTION NUMBERS (HCPL-4506). "L" = OPTION 020 "V" = OPTION 060 OPTION NUMBERS 300 AND 500 NOT MARKED. 0.65 (0.025) MAX. 1.080 0.320 (0.043 0.013) 2.54 0.25 (0.100 0.010) HCPL-4506 and HCPL-J456 Gull Wing Surface Mount Option 300 Outline Drawing PAD LOCATION (FOR REFERENCE ONLY) 9.65 0.25 (0.380 0.010) 8 7 6 1.016 (0.040) 1.194 (0.047) 5 4.826 TYP. (0.190) 6.350 0.25 (0.250 0.010) 1 2 3 9.398 (0.370) 9.906 (0.390) 4 1.194 (0.047) 1.778 (0.070) 1.19 (0.047) MAX. 1.780 (0.070) MAX. 9.65 0.25 (0.380 0.010) 7.62 0.25 (0.300 0.010) 4.19 MAX. (0.165) 1.080 0.320 (0.043 0.013) 0.635 0.130 2.54 (0.025 0.005) (0.100) BSC DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES). LEAD COPLANARITY = 0.10 mm (0.004 INCHES). 0.381 (0.015) 0.635 (0.025) 0.635 0.25 (0.025 0.010) + 0.076 0.254 - 0.051 + 0.003) (0.010 - 0.002) 12 NOM. 4 HCPL-0466 Outline Drawing (8-Pin Small Outline Package) TYPE NUMBER (LAST 3 DIGITS) 8 7 6 5 5.842 0.203 (0.236 0.008) XXXZ YWW 3.937 0.127 (0.155 0.005) OPTION CODE* DATE CODE 1 2 3 4 0.381 0.076 (0.016 0.003) 1.270 BSG (0.050) 7 5.080 0.127 (0.200 0.005) 3.175 0.127 (0.125 0.005) 45 X 0.432 (0.017) 0.228 0.025 (0.009 0.001) 1.524 (0.060) 0.152 0.051 (0.006 0.002) 0.305 MIN. (0.012) DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES). LEAD COPLANARITY = 0.10 mm (0.004 INCHES). *MARKING CODE LETTER FOR OPTION NUMBER "V" = OPTION 060 OPTION NUMBER 500 NOT MARKED. HCNW4506 Outline Drawing (8-Pin Widebody Package) 11.00 MAX. (0.433) 11.15 0.15 (0.442 0.006) 8 7 6 9.00 0.15 (0.354 0.006) 5 TYPE NUMBER HP HCNWXXXX DATE CODE YYWW 1 2 3 4 10.16 (0.400) TYP. 1.55 (0.061) MAX. 7 TYP. + 0.076 0.254 - 0.0051 + 0.003) (0.010 - 0.002) 5.10 MAX. (0.201) 3.10 (0.122) 3.90 (0.154) 0.51 (0.021) MIN. 2.54 (0.100) TYP. 1.78 0.15 (0.070 0.006) 0.40 (0.016) 0.56 (0.022) DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES). 5 HCNW4506 Gull Wing Surface Mount Option 300 Outline Drawing 11.15 0.15 (0.442 0.006) 6 7 8 PAD LOCATION (FOR REFERENCE ONLY) 5 6.15 (0.242)TYP. 9.00 0.15 (0.354 0.006) 12.30 0.30 (0.484 0.012) 1 3 2 4 0.9 (0.035) 1.3 (0.051) 12.30 0.30 (0.484 0.012) 1.55 (0.061) MAX. 11.00 MAX. (0.433) 4.00 MAX. (0.158) 1.78 0.15 (0.070 0.006) 1.00 0.15 (0.039 0.006) 0.75 0.25 (0.030 0.010) 2.54 (0.100) BSC + 0.076 0.254 - 0.0051 + 0.003) (0.010 - 0.002) DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERS (INCHES). 7 NOM. LEAD COPLANARITY = 0.10 mm (0.004 INCHES). TEMPERATURE - C Solder Reflow Temperature Profile 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 T = 145C, 1C/SEC T = 115C, 0.3C/SEC T = 100C, 1.5C/SEC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 TIME - MINUTES Note: Use of nonchlorine activated fluxes is recommended. 12 6 Regulatory Information The devices contained in this data sheet have been approved by the following agencies: Agency/Standard HCPL-4506 HCPL-J456 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL 1577 Recognized under UL 1577, Component Recognized Program, Category FPQU2, File E55361 Canadian Standards Component Association (CSA) Acceptance File CA88324 Notice #5 Verband Deutscher DIN VDE 0884 Electrotechniker (VDE) (June 1992) Technischer DIN VDE 0884 Uberwachungs-Verein (June 1992) Rheinland (TUV) Certificate R9650938 British Certification according to Standards BS EN60065: 1994(BS415:1994), Institute BS EN 60950: 1992(BS7002:1992), (BSI) and IEC 65(1985). HCPL-0466 HCNW4506 Insulation and Safety Related Specifications Parameter Value Symbol HCPL-4506 HCPL-J456 HCPL-0466 HCNW4506 Units Minimum External Air Gap (External Clearance) L(101) 7.1 7.4 4.9 9.6 mm Minimum External Tracking (External Creepage) L(102) 7.4 8.0 4.8 10.0 mm 0.08 0.5 0.08 1.0 mm NA NA NA 4.0 mm 175 175 175 200 Volts IIIa IIIa IIIa IIIa Minimum Internal Plastic Gap (Internal Clearance) Minimum Internal Tracking (Internal Creepage) Tracking Resistance (Comparative Tracing Index) Isolation Group CTI Conditions Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance through air. Measured from input terminals to output terminals, shortest distance path along body. Through insulation distance, conductor to conductor, usually the direct distance between the photoemitter and photodetector inside the optocoupler cavity. Measured from input terminals to output terminals, along internal cavity. DIN IEC 112/VDE 0303 Part 1 Material Group (DIN VDE 0110, 1/89, Table 1) All Hewlett-Packard data sheets report the creepage and clearance inherent to the optocoupler component itself. These dimensions are needed as a starting point for the equipment designer when determining the circuit insulation requirements. However, once mounted on a printed circuit board, minimum creepage and clearance requirements must be met as specified for individual equipment standards. For creepage, the shortest distance path along the surface of a printed circuit board between the solder fillets of the input and output leads must be considered. There are recommended techniques such as grooves and ribs which may be used on a printed circuit board to achieve desired creepage and clearances. Creepage and clearance distances will also change depending on factors such as pollution degree and insulation level. 7 VDE 0884 Insulation Related Characteristics HCPL-0466 HCPL-4506 Description Symbol Option 060 Option 060 HCPL-J456 HCNW4506 Unit Installation classification per DIN VDE 0110/1.89, Table 1 for rated mains voltage 150 V rms I-IV I-IV I-IV I-IV for rated mains voltage 300 V rms I-III I-IV I-IV I-IV for rated mains voltage 450 V rms I-III I-III I-IV for rated mains voltage 600 V rms I-III I-IV for rated mains voltage 1000 V rms I-III Climatic Classification 55/100/21 55/100/21 55/100/21 55/100/21 Pollution Degree 2 2 2 2 (DIN VDE 0110/1.89) Maximum Working VIORM 560 630 891 1414 Vpeak Insulation Voltage Input to Output Test Voltage, Method b* VIORM x 1.875 = VPR, 100% Production Test with tm = VPR 1050 1181 1670 2652 Vpeak 1 sec, Partial Discharge < 5pC Input to Output Test Voltage, Method a* VIORM x 1.5 = VPR, Type and Sample Test, tm = 60 sec, VPR 840 945 1336 2121 Vpeak Partial Discharge < 5pC Highest Allowable Overvoltage* VIOTM 4000 6000 6000 8000 Vpeak (Transient Overvoltage, tini = 10 sec) Safety Limiting Values - maximum values allowed in the event of a failure, also see Thermal Derating curve. Case Temperature TS 150 175 175 150 C Input Current IS INPUT 150 230 400 400 mA Output Power PS OUTPUT 600 600 600 700 mW 9 9 9 9 Insulation Resistance at TS, RS 10 10 10 10 VIO = 500 V *Refer to the optocoupler section of the Designer's Catalog, under regulatory information (VDE 0884) for a detailed description of Method a and Method b partial discharge test profiles. Note: These optocouplers are suitable for "safe electrical isolation" only within the safety limit data. Maintenance of the safety data shall be ensured by means of protective circuits. Note: Insulation Characteristics are per DIN VDE 0884 (June 1992 revision). Note: Surface mount classification is Class A in accordance with CECC 00802. 8 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Storage Temperature Operating Temperature Average Input Current[1] Peak Input Current[2] (50% duty cycle, 1 ms pulse width) Peak Transient Input Current (<1 s pulse width, 300 pps) Reverse Input Voltage (Pin 3-2) Symbol TS Min. -55 Max. 125 Units C TA -40 IF(avg) 100 25 C mA IF(peak) 50 mA IF(tran) 1.0 A VR 5 Volts IO(avg) 3 15 mA VCC 30 30 Volts Volts Volts 100 145 mW mW HCPL-4506, HCPL-0466 HCPL-J456, HCNW4506 Average Output Current (Pin 6) Resistor Voltage (Pin 7) Output Voltage (Pin 6-5) Supply Voltage (Pin 8-5) V7 VO VCC Output Power Dissipation[3] Total Power Dissipation[4] PO PT Lead Solder Temperature (HCPL-4506, HCPL-J456) Lead Solder Temperature (HCNW4506) 260C for 10 s, 1.6 mm below seating plane 260C for 10 s (up to seating plane) See Package Outline Drawings Section Infrared and Vapor Phase Reflow Temperature (HCPL-0466 and Option 300) Recommended Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Min. Max. Units Power Supply Voltage Output Voltage Input Current (ON) Input Voltage (OFF) Operating Temperature VCC VO 4.5 0 10 -5 -40 30 30 20 0.8 100 Volts Volts mA V C IF(on) VF(off) * TA -0.5 -0.5 -0.5 *Recommended VF(OFF) = -3 V to 0.8 V for HCPL-J456, HCNW4506. 9 Electrical Specifications Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified: TA = -40C to +100C, VCC = +4.5 V to 30 V, IF(on) = 10 mA to 20 mA, VF(off) = -5 V to 0.8 V Parameter Current Transfer Ratio Symbol CTR Low Level Output Current IOL Low Level Output Voltage VOL Input Threshold Current ITH Device Min. Typ.* Max. Units Test Conditions Fig. Note 44 90 % IF = 10 mA, 5 VO = 0.6 V 4.4 9.0 mA IF = 10 mA, VO = 0.6 V 1, 2 0.3 0.6 V IO = 2.4 mA HCPL-4506 HCPL-0466 HCNW4506 1.5 5 mA VO = 0.8 V, IO = 0.75 mA 1 HCPL-J456 0.6 3 16 High Level Output Current IOH 5 50 A VF = 0.8 V High Level Supply Current ICCH 0.6 1.3 mA VF = 0.8 V, VO = Open 16 Low Level Supply Current ICCL 0.6 1.3 mA IF = 10 mA, VO = Open 16 1.5 1.8 V IF = 10 mA 1.6 1.95 HCNW4506 1.6 1.85 VF/TA HCPL-4506 HCPL-0466 -1.6 Input Forward Voltage VF HCPL-4506 HCPL-0466 HCPL-J456 Temperature Coefficient of Forward Voltage 1.2 HCPL-J456 HCNW4506 Input Reverse Breakdown Voltage Input Capacitance BVR CIN Internal Pull-up Resistor RL Internal Pull-up Resistor Temperature Coefficient RL/TA 5 mV/C IF = 10 mA -1.3 HCPL-4506 HCPL-0466 5 HCPL-J456 HCNW4506 3 V 60 HCPL-J456 HCNW4506 72 14 IR = 10 A IR = 100 A HCPL-4506 HCPL-0466 *All typical values at 25C, VCC = 15 V. VF(off) = -3 V to 0.8 V for HCPL-J456, HCNW4506. 4 20 0.014 25 pF f = 1 MHz, VF = 0 V k TA = 25C k/C 12, 13 10 Switching Specifications (RL= 20 k External) Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified: TA = -40C to +100C, VCC = +4.5 V to 30 V, IF(on) = 10 mA to 20 mA, VF(off) = -5 V to 0.8 V Parameter Propagation Delay Time to Logic HCPL-J456 Low at Output Propagation Delay Time to High Output Level Pulse Width Distortion Propagation Delay Difference Between Any 2 Parts Output High Level Common Mode Transient Immunity Output Low Level Common Mode Transient Immunity Symbol Min. Typ.* Max. Units Test Conditions TPHL 30 200 400 ns C L = 100 pF IF(on) = 10 mA, 480 VF(off) = 0.8 V, 100 C L = 10 pF VCC = 15.0 V, TPLH 270 400 550 ns C L = 100 pF VTHLH = 2.0 V, VTHHL = 1.5 V 130 C L = 10 pF PWD 200 450 ns C L = 100 pF tPLH-tPHL -150 200 450 Fig. 6, 8, 1013 20 ns |CMH| 15 30 kV/s IF = 0 mA, VO > 3.0 V |CML| 15 30 kV/s IF = 10 mA VO < 1.0 V Note 11, 14, 16 17 VCC = 15.0 V, C L = 100 pF, VCM = 1500 Vp-p TA = 25C 7 18 19 Switching Specifications (RL= Internal Pull-up) Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified: TA = -40C to +100C, VCC = +4.5 V to 30 V, IF(on) = 10 mA to 20 mA, VF(off) = -5 V to 0.8 V Parameter Propagation Delay Time to Logic HCPL-J456 Low at Output Propagation Delay Time to High Output Level Pulse Width Distortion Propagation Delay Difference Between Any 2 Parts Output High Level Common Mode Transient Immunity Output Low Level Common Mode Transient Immunity Power Supply Rejection Symbol Min. Typ.* Max. Units Test Conditions tPHL 20 200 400 ns IF(on) = 10 mA, VF(off) = 0.8 V, 485 VCC = 15.0 V, CL = 100 pF, VTHLH = 2.0 V, VTHHL = 1.5 V tPLH 220 450 650 ns PWD Fig. Note 6, 9 11-14, 16 250 500 ns 20 tPLH-tPHL -150 250 500 ns 17 |CMH| 30 |CML| 30 PSR 1.0 *All typical values at 25C, VCC = 15 V. VF(off) = -3 V to 0.8 V for HCPL-J456, HCNW4506. kV/s IF = 0 mA, VO > 3.0 V VCC = 15.0 V, CL = 100 pF, VCM = 1500 V p-p, kV/s IF = 16 mA, TA = 25C VO < 1.0 V Vp-p Square Wave, tRISE, tFALL > 5 ns, no bypass capacitors 7 18 19 16 11 Package Characteristics Over recommended temperature (TA = -40C to 100C) unless otherwise specified. Parameter Sym. Device Input-Output Momentary VISO HCPL-4506 Withstand Voltage HCPL-0466 HCPL-J456 HCPL-4506 Option020 HCNW4506 Resistance RI-O HCPL-4506 (Input-Output) HCPL-J456 HCPL-0466 HCNW4506 Capacitance CI-O HCPL-4506 (Input-Output) HCPL-0466 HCPL-J456 HCNW4506 Min. Typ.* Max. Units 2500 V rms 3750 5000 Test Conditions Fig. RH < 50% t = 1 min. TA = 25C 5000 1012 1012 1013 0.6 pF VI-O = 500 Vdc f = 1 MHz Note 6,7,10 6,8,10 6,9, 15 6,9,10 6 6 0.8 0.5 *All typical values at 25C, VCC = 15 V. The Input-Output Momentary Withstand Voltage is a dielectric voltage rating that should not be interpreted as an input-output continuous voltage rating. For the continuous voltage rating refer to the VDE 0884 Insulation Related Characteristics Table (if applicable), your equipment level safety specification or HP Application Note 1074 entitled "Optocoupler Input-Output Endurance Voltage," publication number 5963-2203E. Notes: 1. Derate linearly above 90C free-air temperature at a rate of 0.8 mA/C. 2. Derate linearly above 90C free-air temperature at a rate of 1.6 mA/C. 3. Derate linearly above 90C free-air temperature at a rate of 3.0 mW/C. 4. Derate linearly above 90C free-air temperature at a rate of 4.2 mW/C. 5. CURRENT TRANSFER RATIO in percent is defined as the ratio of output collector current (IO) to the forward LED input current (IF) times 100. 6. Device considered a two-terminal device: Pins 1, 2, 3, and 4 shorted together and Pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 shorted together. 7. In accordance with UL 1577, each optocoupler is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage 3000 V rms for 1 second (leakage detection current limit, I I-O 5 A). 8. In accordance with UL 1577, each optocoupler is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage 4500 V rms for 1 second (leakage detection current limit, I i-o 5 A). 9. In accordance with UL 1577, each optocoupler is proof tested by applying an insulation test voltage 6000 V rms for 1 second (leakage detection current limit, I I-O 5 A). 10. This test is performed before the 100% Production test shown in the VDE 0884 Insulation Related Characteristics Table, if applicable. 11. Pulse: f = 20 kHz, Duty Cycle = 10%. 12. The internal 20 k resistor can be used by shorting pins 6 and 7 together. 13. Due to tolerance of the internal resistor, and since propagation delay is dependent on the load resistor value, performance can be improved by using an external 20 k 1% load resistor. For more information on how propagation delay varies with load resistance, see Figure 8. 14. The RL = 20 k, C L = 100 pF load represents a typical IPM (Intelligent Power Module) load. 15. See Option 020 data sheet for more information. 16. Use of a 0.1 F bypass capacitor 17. 18. 19. 20. connected between pins 5 and 8 can improve performance by filtering power supply line noise. The difference between tPLH and tPHL between any two devices under the same test condition. (See IPM Dead Time and Propagation Delay Specifications section.) Common mode transient immunity in a Logic High level is the maximum tolerable dVCM/dt of the common mode pulse, VCM, to assure that the output will remain in a Logic High state (i.e., VO > 3.0 V). Common mode transient immunity in a Logic Low level is the maximum tolerable dVCM/dt of the common mode pulse, VCM, to assure that the output will remain in a Logic Low state (i.e., VO < 1.0 V). Pulse Width Distortion (PWD) is defined as |tPHL - tPLH| for any given device. 1.05 NORMALIZED OUTPUT CURRENT IO - OUTPUT CURRENT - mA 10 8 6 4 VO = 0.6 V 2 0 100 C 25 C -40 C 0 5 10 15 1.00 0.95 0.90 IF = 10 mA VO = 0.6 V 0.85 0.80 -40 20 -20 IF - FORWARD LED CURRENT - mA IF - INPUT FORWARD CURRENT - mA IF - FORWARD CURRENT - mA TA = 25C IF + 10 VF - 1.0 0.1 0.01 0.001 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 80 100 1.50 1.60 15.0 4.5 V 30 V 10.0 5.0 0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 TA - TEMPERATURE - C Figure 3. High Level Output Current vs. Temperature. TA = 25 C 10 IF + VF - 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 VF - INPUT FORWARD VOLTAGE - V Figure 4. HCPL-4506 and HCPL-0466 Input Current vs. Forward Voltage. 1 VF = 0.8 V VCC = VO = 4.5 V OR 30 V HCPL-J456/HCNW4506 100 VF - FORWARD VOLTAGE - VOLTS Figure 5. HCPL-J456 and HCNW4506 Input Current vs. Forward Voltage. 8 2 20 k 0.1 F 20 k IF(ON) =10 mA + 60 Figure 2. Normalized Output Current vs. Temperature. HCPL-4506/0466 100 40 20.0 TA - TEMPERATURE - C Figure 1. Typical Transfer Characteristics. 1000 20 0 IOH - HIGH LEVEL OUTPUT CURRENT - A 12 + - 7 If VCC = 15 V 5V - 3 6 tf VO VOUT tr 90% 90% 10% 10% CL * 4 5 SHIELD *TOTAL LOAD CAPACITANCE Figure 6. Propagation Delay Test Circuit. VTHHL VTHLH tPHL tPLH 100 13 1 VCM 8 0.1 F 20 k IF + - A B V = VCM t t 20 k 7 2 3 6 OV VCC = 15 V t VOUT 100 pF* 4 + VO 5 VFF VCC SWITCH AT A: IF = 0 mA SHIELD *100 pF TOTAL CAPACITANCE - VO VOL + - SWITCH AT B: IF = 10 mA VCM = 1500 V Figure 7. CMR Test Circuit. Typical CMR Waveform. 600 tP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns 400 IF = 10 mA VCC = 15 V CL = 100 pF RL = 20 k (EXTERNAL) 300 200 100 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 500 (INTERNAL) tPLH tPHL 400 300 200 100 -40 100 TA - TEMPERATURE - C 800 1000 400 200 0 100 200 300 400 60 80 600 400 tPLH tPHL 200 0 100 500 CL - LOAD CAPACITANCE - pF Figure 11. Propagation Delay vs. Load Capacitance. 400 200 10 15 20 25 VCC - SUPPLY VOLTAGE - V Figure 12. Propagation Delay vs. Supply Voltage. 40 50 500 600 5 30 Figure 10. Propagation Delay vs. Load Resistance. 800 0 20 10 RL - LOAD RESISTANCE - k IF = 10 mA CL = 100 pF RL = 20 k TA = 25C tPLH tPHL 1200 600 0 40 Figure 9. Propagation Delay with Internal 20 k RL vs. Temperature. tP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns tP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns 1000 20 1400 IF = 10 mA VCC = 15 V RL = 20 k TA = 25C tPLH tPHL 1200 0 -20 IF = 10 mA VCC = 15 V CL = 100 pF TA = 25 C TA - TEMPERATURE - C Figure 8. Propagation Delay with External 20 k RL vs. Temperature. 1400 800 IF = 10 mA VCC = 15 V CL = 100 pF RL = 20 k tP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns tP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns tPLH tPHL tP - PROPAGATION DELAY - ns 500 30 tPLH tPHL 400 VCC = 15 V CL = 100 pF RL = 20 k TA = 25C 300 200 100 0 5 10 15 20 IF - FORWARD LED CURRENT - mA Figure 13. Propagation Delay vs. Input Current. HCPL-4506 OPTION 060/HCPL-J456 800 PS (mW) IS (mA) FOR HCPL-4506 OPTION 060 IS (mA) FOR HCPL-J456 700 600 500 400 300 (230) 200 100 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 OUTPUT POWER - PS, INPUT CURRENT - IS OUTPUT POWER - PS, INPUT CURRENT - IS 14 1000 HCPL-0466 OPTION 060/HCNW4506 PS (mW) FOR HCNW4506 IS (mA) FOR HCNW4506 PS (mW) FOR HCPL-0466 OPTION 060 IS (mA) FOR HCPL-0466 OPTION 060 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 (150) 100 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 TS - CASE TEMPERATURE - C TS - CASE TEMPERATURE - C Figure 14. Thermal Derating Curve, Dependence of Safety Limiting Value with Case Temperature per VDE 0884. 1 310 2 7 3 6 8 20 k 0.1 F 20 k +5 V 1 8 2 7 3 VOUT CMOS 6 CLEDN 100 pF 4 20 k CLEDP + - VCC = 15 V 4 5 5 SHIELD SHIELD *100 pF TOTAL CAPACITANCE Figure 15. Recommended LED Drive Circuit. 1 2 Figure 16. Optocoupler Input to Output Capacitance Model for Unshielded Optocouplers. 1 8 CLEDP CLED02 310 6 CLEDN 4 0.1 F 20 k 7 CLED01 3 8 +5 V 20 k 2 7 3 6 4 5 CMOS 5 SHIELD 20 k + - VCC = 15 V VOUT 100 pF SHIELD *100 pF TOTAL CAPACITANCE Figure 17. Optocoupler Input to Output Capacitance Model for Shielded Optocouplers. Figure 18. LED Drive Circuit with Resistor Connected to LED Anode (Not Recommended). 15 1 310 ICLEDP 2 IF 1 CLED02 CLEDP 7 2 CLEDP CLED02 CLED01 3 310 VOUT 6 CLEDN 3 + VR** - 5 CLEDN VOUT 6 ICLEDN* 100 pF 4 20 k 7 CLED01 ICLED01 SHIELD 100 pF 4 5 SHIELD - * THE ARROWS INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT FLOW FOR +dVCM/dt TRANSIENTS. + 8 20 k 20 k * THE ARROWS INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT FLOW FOR +dVCM/dt TRANSIENTS. ** OPTIONAL CLAMPING DIODE FOR IMPROVED CMH PERFORMANCE. VR < VF (OFF) DURING +dVCM/dt. VCM + - ITOTAL* 8 20 k VCM Figure 19. AC Equivalent Circuit for Figure 18 During Common Mode Transients. Figure 20. AC Equivalent Circuit for Figure 15 During Common Mode Transients. 1 1 2 8 +5 V 20 k 7 CLEDP CLED02 20 k 7 CLED01 Q1 2 8 20 k 3 CLEDN 6 VOUT ICLEDN* 6 4 5 SHIELD 5 SHIELD * THE ARROWS INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF CURRENT FLOW FOR +dVCM/dt TRANSIENTS. + - 3 Q1 100 pF 4 VCM Figure 21. Not Recommended Open Collector LED Drive Circuit. 1 Figure 22. AC Equivalent Circuit for Figure 21 During Common Mode Transients. 8 +5 V 20 k 2 7 3 6 4 5 SHIELD Figure 23. Recommended LED Drive Circuit for Ultra High CMR. 16 HCPL-4506 8 1 I 20 k LED1 2 +5 V VCC1 0.1 F IPM 20 k 7 +HV 310 3 6 4 5 VOUT1 CMOS Q1 M SHIELD Q2 HCPL-4506 8 1 I 20 k LED2 2 +5 V VCC2 0.1 F HCPL-4506 -HV HCPL-4506 20 k 7 HCPL-4506 310 3 6 4 5 VOUT2 CMOS HCPL-4506 HCPL-4506 SHIELD Figure 24. Typical Application Circuit. ILED1 Q1 OFF VOUT1 VOUT2 Q1 ON Q2 OFF Q2 ON ILED1 ILED2 tPLH Q1 OFF VOUT1 VOUT2 MIN. tPLH MAX. Q1 ON Q2 OFF Q2 ON PDD* MAX. tPHL MIN. tPHL MAX. ILED2 MAX. DEAD TIME tPLH MAX. tPHL MAXIMUM DEAD TIME (DUE TO OPTOCOUPLER) MIN. = (tPLH MAX. - tPLH MIN.) + (tPHL MAX. - tPHL MIN.) PDD* MAX. = (tPLH-tPHL) MAX. = tPLH MAX. - tPHL MIN. *PDD = PROPAGATION DELAY DIFFERENCE NOTE: THE PROPAGATION DELAYS USED TO CALCULATE PDD ARE TAKEN AT EQUAL TEMPERATURES. Figure 25. Minimum LED Skew for Zero Dead Time. = (tPLH MAX. - tPHL MIN.) - (tPLH MIN. - tPHL MAX.) = PDD* MAX. - PDD* MIN. *PDD = PROPAGATION DELAY DIFFERENCE NOTE: THE PROPAGATION DELAYS USED TO CALCULATE THE MAXIMUM DEAD TIME ARE TAKEN AT EQUAL TEMPERATURES. Figure 26. Waveforms for Dead Time Calculation. 17 LED Drive Circuit Considerations for Ultra High CMR Performance Without a detector shield, the dominant cause of optocoupler CMR failure is capacitive coupling from the input side of the optocoupler, through the package, to the detector IC as shown in Figure 16. The HCPL-4506 series improve CMR performance by using a detector IC with an optically transparent Faraday shield, which diverts the capacitively coupled current away from the sensitive IC circuitry. However, this shield does not eliminate the capacitive coupling between the LED and the optocoupler output pins and output ground as shown in Figure 17. This capacitive coupling causes perturbations in the LED current during common mode transients and becomes the major source of CMR failures for a shielded optocoupler. The main design objective of a high CMR LED drive circuit becomes keeping the LED in the proper state (on or off) during common mode transients. For example, the recommended application circuit (Figure 15), can achieve 15 kV/s CMR while minimizing component complexity. Note that a CMOS gate is recommended in Figure 15 to keep the LED off when the gate is in the high state. Another cause of CMR failure for a shielded optocoupler is direct coupling to the optocoupler output pins through CLEDO1 and CLEDO2 in Figure 17. Many factors influence the effect and magnitude of the direct coupling including: the use of an internal or external output pull-up resistor, the position of the LED current setting resistor, the connection of the unused input package pins, and the value of the capacitor at the optocoupler output (CL). Techniques to keep the LED in the proper state and minimize the effect of the direct coupling are discussed in the next two sections. CMR with the LED On (CMRL ) A high CMR LED drive circuit must keep the LED on during common mode transients. This is achieved by overdriving the LED current beyond the input threshold so that it is not pulled below the threshold during a transient. The recommended minimum LED current of 10 mA provides adequate margin over the maximum I TH of 5.0 mA (see Figure 1) to achieve 15 kV/s CMR. Capacitive coupling is higher when the internal load resistor is used (due to C LEDO2) and an IF = 16 mA is required to obtain 10 kV/s CMR. The placement of the LED current setting resistor effects the ability of the drive circuit to keep the LED on during transients and interacts with the direct coupling to the optocoupler output. For example, the LED resistor in Figure 18 is connected to the anode. Figure 19 shows the AC equivalent circuit for Figure 18 during common mode transients. During a +dVcm/dt in Figure 19, the current available at the LED anode (Itotal) is limited by the series resistor. The LED current (IF) is reduced from its DC value by an amount equal to the current that flows through CLEDP and C LEDO1. The situation is made worse because the current through C LEDO1 has the effect of trying to pull the output high (toward a CMR failure) at the same time the LED current is being reduced. For this reason, the recommended LED drive circuit (Figure 15) places the current setting resistor in series with the LED cathode. Figure 20 is the AC equivalent circuit for Figure 15 during common mode transients. In this case, the LED current is not reduced during a +dVcm/dt transient because the current flowing through the package capacitance is supplied by the power supply. During a -dVcm/dt transient, however, the LED current is reduced by the amount of current flowing through CLEDN. But, better CMR performance is achieved since the current flowing in CLEDO1 during a negative transient acts to keep the output low. Coupling to the LED and output pins is also affected by the connection of pins 1 and 4. If CMR is limited by perturbations in the LED on current, as it is for the recommended drive circuit (Figure 15), pins 1 and 4 should be connected to the input circuit common. However, if CMR performance is limited by direct coupling to the output when the LED is off, pins 1 and 4 should be left unconnected. CMR with the LED Off (CMRH) A high CMR LED drive circuit must keep the LED off (VF VF(OFF)) during common mode transients. For example, during a +dVcm/dt transient in Figure 20, the current flowing through CLEDN is supplied by the parallel combination of the LED and series resistor. As long as the voltage developed across the resistor is less than VF(OFF) the 18 LED will remain off and no common mode failure will occur. Even if the LED momentarily turns on, the 100 pF capacitor from pins 6-5 will keep the output from dipping below the threshold. The recommended LED drive circuit (Figure 15) provides about 10 V of margin between the lowest optocoupler output voltage and a 3 V IPM threshold during a 15 kV/s transient with VCM = 1500 V. Additional margin can be obtained by adding a diode in parallel with the resistor, as shown by the dashed line connection in Figure 20, to clamp the voltage across the LED below VF(OFF). Since the open collector drive circuit, shown in Figure 21, cannot keep the LED off during a +dVcm/dt transient, it is not desirable for applications requiring ultra high CMRH performance. Figure 22 is the AC equivalent circuit for Figure 21 during common mode transients. Essentially all the current flowing through CLEDN during a +dVcm/dt transient must be supplied by the LED. CMRH failures can occur at dV/dt rates where the current through the LED and CLEDN exceeds the input threshold. Figure 23 is an alternative drive circuit which does achieve ultra high CMR performance by shunting the LED in the off state. IPM Dead Time and Propagation Delay Specifications The HCPL-4506 series include a Propagation Delay Difference specification intended to help designers minimize "dead time" in their power inverter designs. Dead time is the time period during which both the high and low side power transistors (Q1 and Q2 in Figure 24) are off. Any overlap in Q1 and Q2 conduction will result in large currents flowing through the power devices between the high and low voltage motor rails. To minimize dead time the designer must consider the propagation delay characteristics of the optocoupler as well as the characteristics of the IPM IGBT gate drive circuit. Considering only the delay characteristics of the optocoupler (the characteristics of the IPM IGBT gate drive circuit can be analyzed in the same way) it is important to know the minimum and maximum turn-on (tPHL) and turn-off (tPLH) propagation delay specifications, preferably over the desired operating temperature range. The limiting case of zero dead time occurs when the input to Q1 turns off at the same time that the input to Q2 turns on. This case determines the minimum delay between LED1 turn-off and LED2 turn-on, which is related to the worst case optocoupler propagation delay waveforms, as shown in Figure 25. A minimum dead time of zero is achieved in Figure 25 when the signal to turn on LED2 is delayed by (tPLH max - tPHL min) from the LED1 turn off. Note that the propagation delays used to calculate PDD are taken at equal temperatures since the optocouplers under consideration are typically mounted in close proximity to each other. (Specifically, tPLH max and tPHL min in the previous equation are not the same as the tPLH max and tPHL min, over the full operating temperature range, specified in the data sheet.) This delay is the maximum value for the propagation delay difference specification which is specified at 450 ns for the HCPL-4506 series over an operating temperature range of -40C to 100C. Delaying the LED signal by the maximum propagation delay difference ensures that the minimum dead time is zero, but it does not tell a designer what the maximum dead time will be. The maximum dead time occurs in the highly unlikely case where one optocoupler with the fastest tPLH and another with the slowest tPHL are in the same inverter leg. The maximum dead time in this case becomes the sum of the spread in the tPLH and tPHL propagation delays as shown in Figure 26. The maximum dead time is also equivalent to the difference between the maximum and minimum propagation delay difference specifications. The maximum dead time (due to the optocouplers) for the HCPL-4506 series is 600 ns (= 450 ns - (-150 ns) ) over an operating temperature range of -40C to 100C. 19 For technical assistance or the location of your nearest Hewlett-Packard sales office, distributor or representative call: Americas/Canada: 1-800-235-0312 or 408-654-8675 Far East/Australasia: Call your local HP sales office. Japan: (81 3) 3335-8152 Europe: Call your local HP sales office. Data subject to change. Copyright (c) 1997 Hewlett-Packard Co. Obsoletes 5965-3603E Printed in U.S.A. 5965-6168E (3/97)