Analog Input Operation
Figure 1 shows the equivalent analog input of the HMXADC9225,
which consists of a differential sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA). The
differential input structure of the SHA is highly flexible, allowing the
devices to be easily configured for either a differential or single-ended
input. The dc offset, or common mode voltage, of the input(s) can
be set to accommodate either single-supply or dual-supply systems.
Also, note that the analog inputs, VINA and VINB, are interchangeable
with the exception that reversing the inputs to the VINA and VINB
pins results in a polarity inversion.
Figure 1 – Analog Input Equivalent Circuit
The full scale signal input = 2 x VREF.
Digital Outputs
The HMXADC9225 output data is presented in positive true straight
binary for all input ranges. The table below indicates the output data
formats for various input ranges regardless of the selected input
range. A twos complement output data format can be created by
inverting the MSB. The outputs can be placed in high impedance
tri-state mode and are controlled by the Output Enable (OE) signal.
Output Data Format
Clock Input and Considerations
The HMX9225 internal timing uses the two edges of the clock input
to generate a variety of internal timing signals. The clock input must
meet or exceed the minimum specified pulse width high and low (tCH
and tCL) specifications for the given A/D as defined in the Switching
Specifications at the beginning of the data sheet to meet the rated
performance specifications.
For example, the clock input to the HMX9225 operating at 20 MSPS
may have a duty cycle between 45% to 55% to meet this timing
requirement since the minimum specified tCH and tCL is 23 ns. For low
clock rates, the duty cycle may deviate from this range to the extent
that both tCH and tCL are satisfied.
All high-speed high resolution A/Ds are sensitive to the quality of
the clock input. The degradation in SNR at a given full-scale input
frequency (fIN) due to only aperture jitter (tA) can be calculated with
the following equation:
In the equation, the rms aperture jitter, tA, represents the root sum
square of all the jitter sources, which include the clock input, analog
input signal, and A/D aperture jitter specification. Under sampling
applications are particularly sensitive to jitter.
Clock input should be treated as an analog signal in cases where
aperture jitter may affect the dynamic range of the HMXADC9225.
Power supplies for clock drivers should be separated from the A/D
output driver supplies to avoid modulating the clock signal with
digital noise. Low jitter crystal controlled oscillators make the best
clock sources. If the clock is generated from another type of source
(by gating, dividing, or other method), it should be retimed by the
original clock at the last step. The clock input is referred to the analog
supply. Its logic threshold is AVDD/2.
The HMXADC9225 has a clock tolerance of 5% at 20 MHz and
should be a 50% duty cycle.
The input circuitry for the CLOCK pin is designed to accommodate
CMOS inputs. The quality of the logic input, particularly the rising
edge, is critical in realizing the best possible jitter performance of the
part: the faster the rising edge, the better the jitter performance.
As a result, careful selection of the logic family for the clock driver, as
well as the fanout and capacitive load on the clock line, is important.
Jitter-induced errors become more predominant at higher frequency,
large amplitude inputs, where the input slew rate is greatest.
Most of the power dissipated by the HMX9225 is from the analog
power supplies. However, lower clock speeds will reduce digital
current.
Input (V) Condition (V) Digital Output
VINA-VINB < - VREF 0000 0000 0000
VINA-VINB = - VREF 0000 0000 0000
VINA-VINB = 0 1000 0000 0000
VINA-VINB = + VREF – 1 LSB 1111 1111 1111
VINA-VINB > + VREF 1111 1111 1111
Digital Output Driver Considerations (DRVDD)
The HMX9225 output drivers shall be operated at 5.0 volts or
at 3.3 volts. The output drivers are sized to provide sufficient output
current to drive a wide variety of logic families. However, large drive
currents tend to cause glitches on the supplies and may affect
SINAD performance. Applications requiring the ADC to drive large
capacitive loads or large fanout may require additional decoupling
capacitors on DRVDD. In extreme cases, external buffers or latches
may be required.
VIN A
VIN B
+
–
SNR = 20 log10
1
2p ƒIN tA