Data Sheet ADF4159
Rev. E | Page 19 of 36
FUNCTION REGISTER (R3) MAP
When Bits DB[2:0] are set to 011, the on-chip function register
(Register R3) is programmed (see Figure 28).
Reserved Bits
All reserved bits except Bit DB17 must be set to 0 for normal
operation. Bit DB17 must be set to 1 for normal operation.
Negative Bleed Current
Bits DB[24:22] set the negative bleed current value (IBLEED).
Calculate IBLEED using the following formula, and then select the
value of Bits DB[24:22] that is closest to the calculated value.
IBLEED = (4 × ICP)/N
where:
ICP is the charge pump current.
N is the N counter value.
Negative Bleed Current Enable
DB21 enables a negative bleed current in the charge pump. When
the charge pump is operating in a nonlinear region, phase noise
and spurious performance can degrade. Negative bleed current
operates by pushing the charge pump operation region away
from this nonlinear region. The programmability feature controls
how far the region of operation is moved. If the current is too
little, the charge pump will remain in the nonlinear region; if
the current is too high, the charge pump will become unstable
or degrade the maximum PFD frequency. It is necessary to exper-
iment with various charge pump currents to find the optimum.
The formula for calculating the optimum negative bleed current
is shown in the Negative Bleed Current section; however, exper-
imentation may show a different current gives the optimum result.
Loss of Lock (LOL)
Bit DB16 enables or disables the loss of lock indication. When
this bit is set to 0, the part indicates loss of lock even when the
reference is removed. This feature provides an advantage over
the standard implementation of lock detect. For more robust
operation, set this bit to 1. The loss of lock does not operate as
expected when negative bleed current is enabled.
N SEL
Bit DB15 can be used to circumvent the issue of pipeline delay
between updates of the integer and fractional values in the
N counter. Typically, the INT value is loaded first, followed by
the FRAC value. This can cause the N counter value to be incor-
rect for a brief period of time equal to the pipeline delay (about
four PFD cycles). This delay has no effect if the INT value was not
updated. However, if the INT value has changed, this incorrect
N counter value can cause the PLL to overshoot in frequency
while it tries to lock to the temporarily incorrect N counter value.
After the correct fractional value is loaded, the PLL quickly locks
to the correct frequency. Introducing an additional delay to the
loading of the INT value using the N SEL bit causes the INT and
FRAC values to be loaded at the same time, preventing frequency
overshoot. The delay is turned on by setting Bit DB15 to 1.
Σ-Δ Reset
For most applications, Bit DB14 should be set to 0. When this bit is
set to 0, the Σ-Δ modulator is reset on each write to Register R0.
If it is not required that the Σ-Δ modulator be reset on each write
to Register R0, set this bit to 1.
Ramp Mode
Bits DB[11:10] determine the type of generated waveform (see
Figure 28 and the Waveform Generation section).
PSK Enable
When Bit DB9 is set to 1, PSK modulation is enabled. When
this bit is set to 0, PSK modulation is disabled. For more infor-
mation, see the Phase Shift Keying (PSK) section.
FSK Enable
When Bit DB8 is set to 1, FSK modulation is enabled. When
this bit is set to 0, FSK modulation is disabled. For more infor-
mation, see the Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) section.
Lock Detect Precision (LDP)
The digital lock detect circuit monitors the PFD up and down
pulses (logical OR of the up and down pulses; see Figure 21).
Every 32nd pulse is measured. The LDP bit (Bit DB7) specifies
the length of each lock detect reference cycle.
• LDP = 0: if five consecutive pulses of less than 14 ns are
measured, digital lock detect is asserted.
• LDP = 1: if five consecutive pulses of less than 6 ns are
measured, digital lock detect is asserted.
Digital lock detect remains asserted until the pulse width exceeds
22 ns, a write to Register R0 occurs, or the part is powered down.
For more robust operation, set LDP = 1.
Phase Detector (PD) Polarity
Bit DB6 sets the phase detector polarity. When the VCO
characteristics are positive, set this bit to 1. When the VCO
characteristics are negative, set this bit to 0.
Power-Down
Bit DB5 provides the programmable power-down mode. Setting
this bit to 1 performs a power-down. Setting this bit to 0 returns
the synthesizer to normal operation. When the part is in software
power-down mode, it retains all information in its registers. The
register contents are lost only when the supplies are removed.
When power-down is activated, the following events occur:
• All active dc current paths are removed.
• The RF synthesizer counters are forced to their load
state conditions.
• The charge pump is forced into three-state mode.
• The digital lock detect circuitry is reset.
• The RFIN input is debiased.
• The input shift register remains active and capable
of loading and latching data.