1.6 V to 16.5 V Hot Swap Controller with Soft Start ADM1170 FEATURES GENERAL DESCRIPTION Controls supply rails from 1.6 V to 16.5 V Supply voltage range from 2.7 V to 16.5 V Allows protected board removal and insertion to a live backplane External sense resistor provides adjustable analog current limit with circuit breaker Soft start controls inrush current profile Peak fault current limited with fast response Charge pumped gate drive for external N-FET switch Automatic retry or latch-off during current fault Undervoltage lockout 8-lead, TSOT package The ADM1170 is a hot swap controller that safely enables a printed circuit board to be removed and inserted to a live backplane. This is achieved using an external N-channel power MOSFET with a current control loop that monitors the load current through a sense resistor. An internal charge pump is used to enhance the gate of the N-channel FET. When an overcurrent condition is detected, the gate voltage of the FET is reduced to limit the current flowing through the sense resistor. The ADM1170 operates with a supply voltage ranging from 2.7 V to 16.5 V. By using independent SENSE pins from VCC, the ADM1170 allows for the hot swap of supplies ranging down to 1.6 V. During an overcurrent condition, the TIMER pin capacitor determines the amount of time the FET remains at a current limiting mode of operation until it is shut down. The ON (ON-CLR) pin is the enable input for the device and can be used to monitor the input supply voltage. The ADM1170 also features soft start to provide the user with a capacitor programmable ramping reference to the internal current sense comparator. This provides a linearly increasing current limit at startup at a rate set by CSS. This helps to reduce and limit large inrush currents. APPLICATIONS Hot swap board insertion: line cards, raid systems Industrial high-side switches/circuit breakers Electronic circuit breakers This device is available in two options: the ADM1170-1 with automatic retry for overcurrent fault and the ADM1170-2 with latch-off for an overcurrent fault. Toggling the ON (ON-CLR) pin resets a latched fault. The ADM1170 is packaged in an 8-lead TSOT. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM VIN = 1.8V RSENSE LONG Q1 VOUT = 1.8V CLOAD SENSE+ SENSE- LONG SHORT VCC GATE ADM1170-1 RON1 ON RON2 SS CSS TIMER GND CTIMER GND GND LONG 05124-001 VIN = 3.3VAUX Figure 1. Rev. 0 Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com Fax: 781.461.3113 (c)2006 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. ADM1170 TABLE OF CONTENTS Features .............................................................................................. 1 UVLO........................................................................................... 11 Applications....................................................................................... 1 ON (ON-CLR) Pin..................................................................... 11 General Description ......................................................................... 1 GATE ........................................................................................... 11 Functional Block Diagram .............................................................. 1 Current Limit Function............................................................. 11 Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Calculating the Current Limit .................................................. 11 Specifications..................................................................................... 3 Circuit Breaker Function........................................................... 11 Absolute Maximum Ratings............................................................ 4 Timer Function........................................................................... 12 Thermal Characteristics .............................................................. 4 Power-Up Timing Cycle ............................................................ 12 ESD Caution.................................................................................. 4 Circuit Breaker Timing Cycle................................................... 12 Pin Configurations and Function Descriptions ........................... 5 Automatic Retry or Latched Off............................................... 13 Typical Performance Characteristics ............................................. 6 Soft Start ...................................................................................... 13 Theory of Operation ...................................................................... 11 Outline Dimensions ....................................................................... 14 Overview...................................................................................... 11 Ordering Guide .......................................................................... 14 REVISION HISTORY 7/06--Revision 0: Initial Version Rev. 0 | Page 2 of 16 ADM1170 SPECIFICATIONS VCC = 2.7 V to 16.5 V, TA = -40C to +85C, typical values at TA = 25C, unless otherwise noted. Table 1. Parameter VCC PIN Operating Voltage Range Supply Current Undervoltage Lockout Undervoltage Lockout Hysteresis ON (ON-CLR) PIN Input Current Threshold Threshold Hysteresis SENSE PINS (SENSE+/SENSE-) Hot Swap Operating Range Input Current Input Current Circuit Breaker Limit Voltage Circuit Breaker Limit Voltage GATE PIN Drive Voltage Symbol Min VCC ICC VUVLO VUVLOHYS 2.7 IINON VON VONHYST IINSENSE IINSENSE VCB VCB 2.4 -1 1.22 1.6 -160 5 26 44 Typ 0.65 2.525 40 0 1.3 50 -65 10 50 50 Max Unit Conditions 16.5 0.8 2.65 V mA V mV +1 1.38 A V mV 16.5 +13 15 77 56 V A A mV mV VSENSE+ = 1.6 V VSENSE+ 2.2 V VCB = (VSENSE+ - VSENSE-), VSENSE+ = 1.6 V VCB = (VSENSE+ - VSENSE-), VSENSE+ 2.2 V VCC rising ON rising VGATE Pull-Up Current Pull-Down Current Pull-Down Current TIMER PIN Pull-Up Current 4.6 6.0 8.75 7.5 5.56 -6.5 7.5 8 10 9 8 -12 4 25 10 12 12 12 12 -14.5 V V V V V A mA mA VGATE - VCC, VCC = 3.0 V VGATE - VCC, VCC = 3.3 V VGATE - VCC, VCC = 5 V VGATE - VCC, VCC = 12 V VGATE - VCC, VCC = 15 V VGATE = 0 V VGATE = 3 V, VCC = 5 V, ON (ON-CLR) = low VGATE = 3 V, VCC < UVLO ITIMERUP -2 -25 Pull-Down Current ITIMERDN -5 -60 2 100 1.3 0.2 -8.5 -100 3.5 A A A A V V Initial cycle, VTIMER = 1 V During current fault, VTIMER = 1 V After Cct breaker tip, VTIMER = 1 V Normal operation, VTIMER = 1 V TIMER rising TIMER falling Threshold High Threshold Low SS PIN Soft Start Pull-Up Current Current Setting Gain Soft Start Completion Voltage Pull-Down Current tOFF Turn-Off Time (TIMER Rise to GATE Fall) Turn-Off Time (ON Fall to GATE Fall) Turn-Off Time (VCC Fall to IC Reset) VTIMERH VTIMERL 1.22 0.15 10 20 1 50 2 40 40 Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 16 1.38 0.25 A V/V V A s s s VSS/VSENSE During fault VTIMER = 0 V to 2 V step, VCC = VON = 5 V VON = 5 V to 0 V step, VCC = 5 V VCC = 5 V to 2 V step, VON = 5 V ADM1170 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Table 2. Parameter VCC Pin SENSE+ Pin/SENSE- Pin SENSE+ Pin - SENSE- Pin TIMER Pin ON (ON-CLR) Pin SS Pin GATE Pin Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Lead Temperature (10 sec) Junction Temperature Rating -0.3 V to +20 V -0.3 V to +20 V 5 V -0.3 V to (VCC + 0.3 V) -0.3 V to +20 V -0.3 V to (VCC + 0.3 V) -0.3 V to (VCC + 11 V) -65C to +125C -40C to +85C 300C 150C Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS JA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages. Table 3. Thermal Resistance Package Type 8-Lead TSOT ESD CAUTION ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although this product features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality. Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 16 JA 152.9 Unit C/W ADM1170 PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS ADM1170-1AUJ 8 VCC ON 4 5 GATE 8 VCC GND 2 7 SENSE+ TOP VIEW SS 3 (Not to Scale) 6 SENSE- 05124-006 7 SENSE+ TOP VIEW SS 3 (Not to Scale) 6 SENSE- TIMER 1 GND 2 ON-CLR 4 Figure 2. Pin Configuration, 1AUJ Model 5 GATE 05124-007 TIMER 1 ADM1170-2AUJ Figure 3. Pin Configuration, 2AUJ Model Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions Pin No. 1 Mnemonic TIMER 2 3 GND SS 4 ON (ON-CLR) 5 GATE 6, 7 SENSE-, SENSE+ 8 VCC Description Timer Input Pin. The initial and circuit breaker timing cycles are set by this external capacitor. The initial timing delay is 272.9 ms/F, and 21.7 ms/F for a circuit breaker delay. When the TIMER pin is pulled beyond the upper threshold, the GATE turns off. Chip Ground Pin. Soft Start Pin. An external capacitor between the SS pin and GND sets the ramp rate of the current limit reference. Input Pin. The ON (ON-CLR) pin is an input to a comparator that has a low-to-high threshold of 1.3 V with 80 mV hysteresis and a glitch filter. The ADM1170 is reset when the ON (ON-CLR) pin is low. When the ON (ON-CLR) pin is high, the ADM1170 is enabled. A rising edge on this pin has the added function of clearing a fault and restarting the device on the latched off model, the ADM1170-2. Gate Output Pin. An internal charge pump provides a 12 A pull-up current to drive the gate of an N-channel MOSFET. In an overcurrent condition, the ADM1170 controls the external FET to maintain a constant load current. Current Limit Sense Input Pins. The current limit is set via a sense resistor between the SENSE+ and SENSE- pins. In an overcurrent condition, the gate of the FET is controlled to maintain the SENSE voltage at 50 mV. When this limit is reached, the TIMER circuit breaker mode is activated. The circuit breaker limit can be disabled by connecting the SENSE+ and SENSE- pins together. Positive Supply Input Pin. The ADM1170 operates between 2.7 V to 16.5 V. An undervoltage lockout (UVLO) circuit with a glitch filter resets the ADM1170 when the supply voltage drops below the specified UVLO limit. Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 16 ADM1170 2.65 0.45 2.63 0.40 2.61 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 2.57 2.53 2.51 0.05 2.47 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) VCC FALLING 2.55 2.49 0 VCC RISING 2.59 0.10 0 VCC = 5V 2.45 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 16 18 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) 05124-046 UVLO THRESHOLD (V) 0.50 05124-023 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Figure 7. UVLO Threshold vs. Temperature Figure 4. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage (GATE off) 0.8 25 0.7 GATE VOLTAGE (V) SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 20 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 15 10 0.2 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 05124-024 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 5. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage (GATE on) 05124-013 0.1 Figure 8. GATE Voltage vs. Supply Voltage 1.0 25 VCC = 15V 0.9 20 VCC = 12V GATE VOLTAGE (V) VCC = 12V VCC = 15V 0.6 0.5 0.4 VCC = 3V VCC = 5V 0.3 0.2 15 VCC = 5V 10 VCC = 3V 5 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE (C) 125 150 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 6. Supply Current vs. Temperature Figure 9. GATE Voltage vs. Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 16 05124-015 0.1 05124-033 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 0.8 0.7 10 0 9 -1 8 -2 7 -3 ITIMERUP (A) 6 5 4 -4 -5 -6 3 -7 2 -8 1 VCC = 5V -9 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) -10 -50 05124-014 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 10. Delta GATE Voltage vs. Supply Voltage Figure 13. ITIMERUP (in Initial Cycle) vs. Temperature 10 -20 TA = 25C 9 VCC = 5V VCC = 12V -30 8 -40 7 VCC = 15V ITIMERUP (A) DELTA GATE VOLTAGE (V) -25 05124-038 DELTA GATE VOLTAGE (V) ADM1170 6 5 VCC = 3V 4 -50 -60 -70 3 -80 2 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) -100 05124-016 0 -50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 11. Delta GATE Voltage vs. Temperature 05124-036 -90 1 Figure 14. ITIMERUP (During Cct Breaker Delay) vs. Supply Voltage 0 -20 TA = 25C -1 VCC = 5V -30 -2 -40 ITIMERUP (A) -4 -5 -6 -50 -60 -70 -7 -80 -8 -10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 18 -100 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 12. ITIMERUP (in Initial Cycle) vs. Supply Voltage Figure 15. ITIMERUP (During Cct Breaker Delay) vs. Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 16 05124-039 -90 -9 05124-035 ITIMERUP (A) -3 ADM1170 3.0 1.38 TA = 25C 2.8 VCC = 5V 1.36 TIMER HIGH THRESHOLD (V) 2.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.26 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 1.22 -50 05124-034 1.0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Figure 19. TIMER High Threshold vs. Temperature 3.0 0.24 VCC = 5V 2.8 TA = 25C 0.23 TIMER LOW THRESHOLD (V) 2.6 2.4 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 1.2 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) 0.16 05124-037 1.0 -50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 17. ITIMERDN (in Cool-Off Cycle) vs. Temperature 05124-043 ITIMERDN (A) 0 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 16. ITIMERDN (in Cool-Off Cycle) vs. Supply Voltage Figure 20. TIMER Low Threshold vs. Supply Voltage 1.38 0.24 TA = 25C VCC = 5V 0.23 TIMER LOW THRESHOLD (V) 1.36 1.34 1.32 1.30 1.28 1.26 1.24 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 1.22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 18 0.16 -50 05124-042 TIMER HIGH THRESHOLD (V) -25 05124-044 1.24 1.2 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 18. TIMER High Threshold vs. Supply Voltage Figure 21. TIMER Low Threshold vs. Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 16 150 05124-045 ITIMERDN (A) 2.4 ADM1170 1.45 80 TA = 25C 70 1.35 60 tOFF(ONLOW) (s) HIGH THRESHOLD 1.30 LOW THRESHOLD 1.25 1.20 VCC = 15V 50 40 30 1.10 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 16 18 TEMPERATURE (C) 05124-048 VCC = 3V 20 1.05 Figure 25. tOFF(ONLOW) vs. Temperature Figure 22. ON (ON-CLR) Pin Threshold vs. Supply Voltage 1.45 50 VCC = 5V 49 1.40 48 HIGH THRESHOLD 1.35 47 1.30 VCB (mV) LOW THRESHOLD 1.25 1.20 46 45 44 43 1.15 42 1.10 41 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) 40 05124-041 1.05 -50 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 05124-049 ON (ON-CLR) PIN THRESHOLD (V) VCC = 12V VCC = 5V 1.15 05124-040 ON (ON-CLR) PIN THRESHOLD (V) 1.40 Figure 26. Cct Breaker Voltage vs. Supply Voltage Figure 23. ON (ON-CLR) Pin Threshold vs. Temperature 80 50 TA = 25C 45 70 40 60 VCB (mV) 40 30 30 25 20 15 20 10 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 16 18 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 24. tOFF(ONLOW) vs. Supply Voltage Figure 27. Cct Breaker Voltage vs. Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 16 150 05124-021 5 0 05124-047 tOFF(ONLOW) (s) 35 50 12 -10.4 10 -10.5 SOFT START CURRENT (A) GATE CURRENT (mA) ADM1170 8 6 4 VCC = 3V -10.6 -10.7 -10.8 VCC = 5V VCC = 12V 2 -10.9 0 -11.0 -50 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 TEMPERATURE (C) Figure 28. GATE Current (Down) vs. Supply Voltage 05124-018 0 05124-008 VCC = 15V Figure 31. Soft Start Current vs. Temperature -8 50 45 CCT BREAKER VOLTAGE (mV) GATE CURRENT (A) -9 -10 -11 -12 -13 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) Figure 29. GATE Current (up) vs. Supply Voltage -11.2 -11.6 -11.8 VCC = 3V VCC = 5V -12.2 VCC = 12V -12.4 VCC = 15V -12.8 -13.0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 TEMPERATURE (C) 150 05124-017 GATE CURRENT (A) -11.4 -12.6 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 SOFT START VOLTAGE (V) Figure 32. Circuit Breaker Voltage vs. Soft Start Voltage -11.0 -12.0 0 Figure 30. GATE Current (up) vs. Temperature Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 16 1.2 05124-020 0 05124-009 5 -14 ADM1170 THEORY OF OPERATION Many systems require the insertion or removal of circuit boards to live backplanes. During this event, the supply bypass and holdup capacitors can require substantial transient currents from the backplane power supply as they charge. These currents can cause permanent damage to connector pins or undesirable glitches and resets to the system. The ADM1170 is intended to control the powering of a system (on and off) in a controlled manner, allowing the board to be removed from, or inserted into, a live backplane by protecting it from excess currents. The ADM1170 can reside either on the backplane or on the removable board. OVERVIEW The ADM1170 operates over a supply range of 2.7 V to 16.5 V. As the supply voltage is coming up, an undervoltage lockout circuit checks if sufficient supply voltage is present for proper operation. During this period, the FET is held off by the GATE pin being held to GND. When the supply voltage reaches a level above UVLO and the ON (ON-CLR) pin is high, an initial timing cycle ensures that the board is fully inserted in the backplane before turning on the FET. The TIMER pin capacitor sets the periods for all of the TIMER pin functions. After the initial timing cycle, the ADM1170 monitors the inrush current through an external sense resistor. Overcurrent conditions are actively limited to 50 mV/RSENSE for the circuit breaker timer limit. The ADM1170-1 automatically retries after a current limit fault and the ADM1170-2 latches off. The retry duty cycle on the ADM1170-1 timer function is limited to 3.8% for FET cooling. delay time at card insertion. If using a short pin system to enable the device, a pull-down resistor should be used to hold the device prior to insertion. GATE Gate drive for the external N-channel MOSFET is achieved using an internal charge pump. The gate driver consists of a 12 A pull-up from the internal charge pump. There are various pull-down devices on this pin. At a hotswap condition the board is hot inserted to the supply bus. During this event, it is possible for the external FET GATE capacitance to be charged up by the sudden presence of the supply voltage. This can cause uncontrolled inrush currents. An internal strong pull-down circuit holds GATE low while in UVLO. This reduces current surges at insertion. After the initial timing cycle, the GATE is then pulled high. During an overcurrent condition, the ADM1170 servos the GATE pin in an attempt to maintain a constant current to the load until the circuit breaker timeout completes. In the event of a timeout, the GATE pin abruptly shuts down using the 4 mA pull-down device. Care must be taken not to load the GATE pin resistively because this reduces the gate drive capability. CURRENT LIMIT FUNCTION The ADM1170 features a fast response current control loop that actively limits the current by reducing the gate voltage of the external FET. This current is measured by monitoring the voltage drop across an external sense resistor. The ADM1170 tries to regulate the gate of the FET to achieve a 50 mV voltage drop across the sense resistor. UVLO CALCULATING THE CURRENT LIMIT If the VCC supply is too low for normal operation, an undervoltage lockout circuit holds the ADM1170 in reset. The GATE pin is held to GND during this period. When the supply reaches this UVLO voltage, the ADM1170 starts when the ON (ON-CLR) pin condition is satisfied. The sense resistor connected between SENSE+ and the SENSE- pin is used to determine the nominal fault current limit. This is given by the following equation: ON (ON-CLR) PIN The ON (ON-CLR) pin is the enable pin. It is connected to a comparator that has a low-to-high threshold of 1.3 V with 80 mV hysteresis and a glitch filter. The ADM1170 is reset when the ON (ON-CLR) pin is low. When the ON (ON-CLR) pin is high, the ADM1170 is enabled. A rising edge on this pin has the added function of clearing a fault and restarting the device on the latched off model, the ADM1170-2. A low input on the ON (ON-CLR) pin turns off the external FET by pulling the GATE pin to ground and resets the timer. An external resistor divider at the ON (ON-CLR) pin can be used to program an undervoltage lockout value higher than the internal UVLO circuit. There is a glitch filter delay of approximately 3 s on rising allowing the addition of an RC filter at the ON (ON-CLR) pin to increase the ILIMITNOM = VCBNOM/RSENSENOM (1) The minimum load current is given by Equation 2 ILIMITMIN = VCBMIN/RSENSEMAX (2) The maximum load current is given by Equation 3. ILIMITMAX = VCBMAX/RSENSEMIN (3) For proper operation, the minimum current limit must exceed the circuit maximum operating load current with margin. The sense resistor power rating must exceed (VCBMAX)2/RSENSEMIN CIRCUIT BREAKER FUNCTION When the supply experiences a sudden current surge, such as a low impedance fault on load, the bus supply voltage can drop significantly to a point where the power to an adjacent card is affected, potentially causing system malfunctions. The ADM1170 limits the current drawn by the fault by reducing the Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 16 ADM1170 gate voltage of the external FET. This minimizes the bus supply voltage drop caused by the fault and protects neighboring cards. When the initial cycle ends, a start-up cycle activates and the GATE pin is pulled high; the TIMER pin continues to pull down. As the voltage across the sense resistor approaches the current limit, a timer activates. This timer resets again if the sense voltage returns below this level. If the sense voltage is any voltage below 44 mV, the timer is guaranteed to be off. Should the current continue to increase, the ADM1170 tries to regulate the gate of the FET to achieve a limit of 50 mV across the sense resistor. However, if the device is unable to regulate the fault current and the sense voltage further increases, a larger pulldown, in the order of milliamperes, is enabled to compensate for fast current surges. If the sense voltage is any voltage greater than 56 mV, this pull-down is guaranteed to be on. When the timer expires, the GATE pin shuts down. VIN 1 VON 2 3 VTIMER 4 VGATE VOUT TIMER FUNCTION INITIAL CYCLE NORMAL CYCLE 05124-002 RESET MODE The TIMER pin is responsible for several key functions on the ADM1170. A capacitor controls the initial power on reset time and the amount of time an overcurrent condition lasts before the FET shuts down. On the ADM1170-1, the timer pin also controls the time between auto retry pulses. There are pull-up and pull-down currents internally available to control the timer functions. The voltage on the TIMER pin is compared with two threshold voltages: COMP1 (0.2 V) and COMP2 (1.3 V). The four timing currents are listed in Table 5. START-UP CYCLE Figure 33. Power-Up Timing VIN 60A VON 5A 2A Table 5. Timing Current Pull-up Pull-up Pull-down Pull-down VTIMER Level (A) 5 60 2 100 100A VGATE VOUT POWER-UP TIMING CYCLE This is the end of the first section of the initial cycle. The 100 A current source then pulls down the TIMER pin until it reaches 0.2 V at Time Point 4. The initial cycle delay (Time Point 2 to Time Point 4) relates to CTIMER by equation tINITIAL = 1.3 x CTIMER/5 A (4) IRSENSE RESET MODE INITIAL START-UP CYCLE CYCLE NORMAL CYCLE 05124-003 The ADM1170 is in reset when the ON (ON-CLR) pin is held low. The GATE pin is pulled low and the TIMER pin is pulled low with a 100 A pull-down. At Time Point 2 in Figure 33, the ON (ON-CLR) pin is pulled high. For the device to startup correctly, the supply voltage must be above UVLO, the ON (ON-CLR) pin must be above 1.3 V, and the TIMER pin voltage must be less than 0.2 V. The initial timing cycle begins when these three conditions are met, and the TIMER pin is pulled high with 5 A. At Time Point 3, the TIMER reaches the COMP2 threshold. Figure 34. Power-Up into Capacitor CIRCUIT BREAKER TIMING CYCLE When the voltage across the sense resistor exceeds the circuit breaker trip voltage, the 60 A timer pull-up current is activated. If the sense voltage falls below this level before the TIMER pin reaches 1.3 V, the 60 A pull-up is disabled and the 2 A pulldown is enabled. This is likely to happen if the overcurrent fault is only transient, such as an inrush current. This is shown in Figure 34. However, if the overcurrent condition is continuous and the sense voltage remains above the circuit breaker trip voltage, the 60 A pull-up remains active. This allows the TIMER pin to reach the high trip point of 1.3 V and initiate the GATE shutdown. On the ADM1170-2, the TIMER pin continues pulling up but switches to the 5 A pull-up when it reaches the 1.3 V Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 16 ADM1170 threshold. The device can be reset by toggling the ON-CLR pin or by manually pulling the TIMER pin low. On the ADM1170-1, the TIMER pin activates the 2 A pull-down once the 1.3 V threshold is reached, and continues to pull down until it reaches the 0.2 V threshold. At this point, the 100 A pull-down is activated and the GATE pin is enabled. The device keeps retrying in the manner as shown in Figure 35. The ADM1170-2 model has a latch off system whereby when a current fault is detected, the GATE is switched off after a time determined by the timer capacitor (see Figure 36 for details). Toggling the ON-CLR pin, or pulling the TIMER pin to GND for a brief period, resets this condition. IRSENSE The duty cycle of this automatic retry cycle is set to the ratio of 2 A/60 A, which approximates 3.8% on. The value of the timer capacitor determines the on time of this cycle. This time is calculated as follows: 5A VTIMER 60A tON = 1.3 x CTIMER/60 A tOFF = 1.1 x CTIMER/2 A VGSFET VOUT 2A SHORTCIRCUIT EVENT COMP2 VTIMER COMP1 05124-005 IRSENSE Figure 36. ADM1170-2 Latch Off After Overcurrent Fault 60A 100A SOFT START VGSFET COMP2 FAULT CYCLE COMP1 FAULT CYCLE 05124-004 VOUT SHORTCIRCUIT EVENT Figure 35. ADM1170-1 Automatic Retry During Overcurrent Fault AUTOMATIC RETRY OR LATCHED OFF The ADM1170 is available in two models. The ADM1170-1 has an automatic retry system whereby when a current fault is detected, the FET is shut down after a time determined by the timer capacitor, and it is switched on again in a controlled continuous cycle to determine if the fault remains (see Figure 35 for details). The period of this cycle is determined by the timer capacitor at a duty cycle of 3.8% on and 96.2% off. The inrush current profile is controlled using an external capacitor on the soft start (SS) pin. During power on reset, the SS pin is held at GND. When the pass FET begins to conduct current, a pull-up current source is initiated on the SS pin and charges the voltage on the soft start capacitor in a linear fashion. The current limit of the device is porportional to the voltage on the SS pin until it reaches 1 V. When the voltage on the SS pin reaches 1 V the current limit reaches the normal operating condition of VSENSE = 50 mV. The voltage on the SS pin continues to rise past the 1 V level with no effect on the current limit. The reference voltage for the GATE linear control amplifier is derived from the soft start voltage, such that the inrush linear current limit is defined as ILIMIT = VSS/(20 x RSENSE) This provides a limit of 50 mV across RSENSE when VSS is at 1 V. Therefore, the value for the SS capacitor is chosen as follows: CSS = ISS x t where ISS = 10 A and t is the time required for the current limit to ramp up. Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 16 ADM1170 OUTLINE DIMENSIONS 2.90 BSC 8 7 6 5 1 2 3 4 1.60 BSC 2.80 BSC PIN 1 INDICATOR 0.65 BSC 1.95 BSC *0.90 0.87 0.84 *1.00 MAX 0.10 MAX 0.38 0.22 0.20 0.08 SEATING PLANE 8 4 0 0.60 0.45 0.30 *COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-193-BA WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PACKAGE HEIGHT AND THICKNESS. Figure 37. 8-Lead Thin Small Outline Transistor Package [TSOT] (UJ-8) Dimensions shown in millimeters ORDERING GUIDE Model ADM1170-1AUJZ-RL7 1 ADM1170-2AUJZ-RL71 1 Temperature Range -40C to +85C -40C to +85C Package Description 8-Lead TSOT 8-Lead TSOT Z = Pb-free part. Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 16 Package Option UJ-8 UJ-8 Branding M1H M1J ADM1170 NOTES Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 16 ADM1170 NOTES (c)2006 Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. D05124-0-7/06(0) Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 16